DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Download Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 8, e229985427, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5427 Otimização do processo de extração de antioxidantes presentes na bacaba (oenocarpus distichus mart) utilizando metodologia de superfície de resposta Optimization of the antioxidants extraction process from the bacaba (oenocarpus distichus mart.) using response surface methodology Optimización del proceso de extracción antioxidante presente en bacaba (oenocarpus distichus mart) utilizando la metodología de la superficie de respuesta Recebido: 08/06/2020 | Revisado: 09/06/2020 | Aceito: 19/06/2020 | Publicado: 01/07/2020 Paula Beatriz Rocha Sampaio ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-9960 Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Andressa Sousa Pereira ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9631-5079 Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Caroline Roberta Freitas Pires ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1427-7276 Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Rodolfo Castilho Clemente ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-9968 Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Guilherme Nobre Lima do Nascimento ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4185-0872 Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Resumo A bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) é um fruto que provém de palmeiras nativas da família Arecaceae e apresenta importante valor nutritivo e socioeconômico para comunidades 1 Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 8, e229985427, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5427 rurais. Apesar de muito popular, este fruto possui poucas características químicas catalogadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo otimizar o processo de extração de antioxidantes da bacaba averiguando o intervalo de extração mais eficiente e o melhor tempo de rotação, utilizando os solventes etanol e a mistura metanol/acetona, tendo-se como resposta o conteúdo de fenóis totais e a atividade antioxidante. A mistura dos solventes Metanol/Acetona foi o solvente mais eficiente para a extração de antioxidantes da bacaba, com tempo de extração de 90 minutos e 20 minutos de intervalo de rotação a 5.000 rpm. Palavras-chave: Bacaba; Antioxidantes; Planejamento experimental. Abstract Bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart) is a fruit that comes from palm trees native from the Arecaceae family and presents important nutritional and socioeconomic value for rural communities. Although being very popular, this fruit has very few cataloged chemical characteristics. The present study aimed to optimize the bacaba antioxidant extraction process by investigating the most efficient extraction interval and the best rotation time, using ethanol and methanol/acetone solvents, with the content of total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Methanol acetone solvent mixture was the most efficient solvent for extracting antioxidants from bacaba, with an extraction time of 90 minutes and 20 minutes of rotation interval at 5,000 rpm. Keywords: Bacaba; Antioxidants; Experimental planning. Resumen La bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) Es una fruta que proviene de palmeras nativas de la familia Arecaceae y tiene un importante valor nutricional y socioeconómico para las comunidades rurales. Aunque es muy popular, esta fruta tiene pocas características químicas catalogadas. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo optimizar el proceso de extracción antioxidante de bacaba mediante la determinación del intervalo de extracción más eficiente y el mejor tiempo de rotación, utilizando los disolventes etanol y la mezcla de metanol / acetona, teniendo el contenido como respuesta. fenoles totales y actividad antioxidante. La mezcla de solventes de metanol / acetona fue el solvente más eficiente para la extracción de antioxidantes de bacaba, con un tiempo de extracción de 90 minutos y 20 minutos de intervalo de rotación a 5.000 rpm. Palabras clave: Bacaba; Antioxidantes; Planificación experimental. 2 Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 8, e229985427, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5427 1. Introduction The Amazon region possesses a large diversity of plant and vegetable species yet underexploited fot their phenolic compound contentes (Carvalho et al, 2016). Among these, Oenocarpus palm trees, from the Arecaceae family, are widely distributed across the Amazon and have great economical, ecological, and food potencial (Carvalho et, 2016). Currently, exploitation of Oenocarpus fruits has been mainly based on extractive harvest, since neither domestication nor rational cultivation has been reported for this species. (Keaujalytè et al, 2015). Bacaba locally consumed is made into drinks, jelly, ice cream etc (Finco, 2016). Bacaba’s fruits present in average, 16,04 mm and 13,92 mm of longitudinal and transversal diameter respectively, weighing 2,23g, its peel presents violet color, with mesocarp (pulp) of predominantly orange color (Sousa, Oliveira & Mortorano, 2015). The mesocarpo of bacaba is rich in fat, carbohydrates, and total dietery fibers (39.3 g 100g -1 fresh weight). It is also a good sourse of usaturated fatty acids, with a profile similar to that of olive oil. The total solible solid of bacaba fruits is 7.89ºB and ph 5.3 – 4.8, with a gross energy values of 606.3 ± 12.8 kcal 100g-1 fresh weight. In addition, bacaba is a promising source of phenolic compounds; it has a high anthocyanin content and significant antioxidant capacity (Puerari et al, 2015). Phenolic coumpounds, a specific group of secondary metabolites, play an importante role in combating oxidative stress in the human body by maintaining a balance between oxidant and antioxidants (Van Hung, 2016). Phenolic coumpounds possess one more hydroxyl groups, and generally are categorized as phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, and tannins (Van Hung, 2016). Phenolic acids in plants have been connected with diverse functions, including fruits, vegetables, and grains and are physically dispersed throughout the plant in seeds, leaves, roots, and stems. In addition to their roles in plants, phenolic compounds in our diet may provide health benefits associated with reduce risk of chronic diseases such as anti-allergenic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidante, anti-throbotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilatory effects (Van Hung, 2016). Thus, evaluations, extraction, separation and purification of natural antioxidants are very important. Furthermore, effective extractions of antioxidants from plant material is very helpful for full utilization of natural resources (Xu & Dong Ping et al, 2016). 3 Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 8, e229985427, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5427 Response surface methodology (RSM) is na efficaceous mathematical and statistical technique for simultaneously evaluating of several experimental parameters (Xu, Dong-Ping et al, 2016). Considering the potential that bacaba fruit has as a functional food source of nutrients, the potential oleaginous and byproduct generator, the focus of this work is to improve bacaba’s antioxidant extraction process by exploring the efficacy of the solvents: ethanol, and methanol/acetone, determining the influence of the contact time and the efficiency of the rotation time in the centrifuge across the response surface. 2. Experimental Part Samples Bacaba’s fruits (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) were obtained in a popular market located in the city of Palmas - TO, between November and December of 2015. The fruits were at the maturation point to be commercialized. The weight of the fruits collected totaled 3 kg. After the harvest, the fruits were directed to the Food Technology Laboratory of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), where they were selected considering the quality criteria related to the color of the fruit peel (violet) and absence of perceptible rottenness. Then, the fruits were sanitized and placed in a chlorine solution of 100ppm for 10 minutes. Soon after, the fruits were pulped and stored in a freezer at -18 ºC. At the time of the analysis, the samples were removed from the freezer and left in the refrigerator to be defrosted. Then 1.0 gram of the bacaba pulp was weighed in analytical scale, and finally the samples were packed in test tubes. Then, the fruits were washed and placed in a chlorinated solution of 100ppm for 10 minutes for sanitization. Soonafter, thefruits were pulped manually and the pulp packed in a freezer at -18ºC. At the time of the analysis, the samples were removed from the freezer and left in the refrigerator to be defrosted. 4 Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 8, e229985427, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5427 Conducting the Experiment We weighed 1.0 gram of the bacaba pulp on analytical balance and we sampled the portions in test tubes. We conducted the experimental part with two solvents: ethanol at 85% concentration and methanol/acetone in concentrations of 50% and 70%, respectively. For each solvent, we conducted a complete planning, with 12 assimilated samples, including four factorial (levels -1 and +1), four axial (levels ± α) and four replicates at the central point. We assessed two factors at five levels of variation: extraction interval (18, 30, 60, 90, and 102 minutes), and rotation time (8,0, 10, 15, 20, and 22,0 minutes) with 4 central points for each solvent tested, taking into account the total phenol content and the total antioxidant activity. Both experiments were performed with a rotation of 5,000 rpm. In the experimental planning matrix, the values of the variables are represented in the coded form, the factors and respective levels being presented in Table 1. Table 1. Factors and levels tested (coded values are in parentheses) for the Central Composite Design with axial points. Factors: Extraction time/rotation time Lower axial Lower Intermediate Upper Upper axial point level point Level level (-α) (0) (+α) (-1) (+1) Extraction 18,0 30 60 90 102,0 Rotation 8,0 10 15 20 22,00 Source: Authors.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C
    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION MEMORANDUM DATE: March 1, 2013 SUBJECT: Crop Grouping – Part X: Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition to Amend the Crop Group Regulation 40 CFR § 180.41 (c) (25) and Commodity Definitions [40 CFR 180.1 (g)] Related to the Proposed Crop Group 23 Tropical and Subtropical Fruit – Edible Peel. PC Code: NA DP Barcode: NA Decision No.: NA Registration No.: NA Petition No.: NA Regulatory Action: Crop Grouping Regulation Risk Assessment Type: None Case No.: NA TXR No.: NA CAS No.: NA MRID No.: 482971-01 40 CFR: 180.41 (c) (25) and 180.1 (g) FROM: Bernard A. Schneider, Ph.D., Senior Plant Physiologist Chemistry and Exposure Branch Health Effects Division (7509P) THROUGH: Donna Davis and Donald Wilbur, Ph.D., Chairpersons HED Chemistry Science Advisory Council (ChemSAC) Health Effects Division (7509P) TO: Barbara Madden, Minor Use Officer Risk Integration, Minor Use, and Emergency Response Branch (RIMUERB) Registration Division (7505P) cc: IR-4 Project, Bill Barney, Jerry Baron, Dan Kunkel, Debbie Carpenter, Van Starner 2 ACTION REQUESTED: William P. Barney, Crop Grouping Project Coordinator, and Kathryn Homa, Assistant Coordinator, USDA Interregional Research Project No. 4 (IR-4), State Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University has submitted a petition (November 16, 2010) on behalf of the IR-4 Project, and the Tropical Fruits Workgroup of the International Crop Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC) to establish a new Crop Group (40 CFR § 180.41) Crop Group 23, Tropical and Subtropical Fruit – Edible Peel Group, and propose addition of Commodity Definitions 40 CFR 180.1 (g).
    [Show full text]
  • Useful Plants and Their Relation to Archaeological Sites in the Serra De Carajás, Brazil
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2019) 91(1): e20170909 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920170909 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal Useful plants and their relation to archaeological sites in the Serra de Carajás, Brazil RONIZE S. SANTOS1, MÁRLIA COELHO-FERREIRA1, PEDRO G.C. LIMA2 and MARCOS P. MAGALHÃES1 1Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Botânica, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, 66077-830 Belém, PA, Brazil 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Campus Dois Irmãos, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil Manuscript received on November 10, 2017; accepted for publication on July 9, 2018 How to cite: SANTOS RS, COELHO-FERREIRA M, LIMA PGC AND MAGALHÃES MP. 2019. Useful plants and their relation to archaeological sites in the Serra de Carajás, Brazil. An Acad Bras Cienc 91:e20170909. DOI 10.1590/0001-3765201920170909. Abstract: Multidisciplinary studies including archeology and ethnobotany that seek to understand human interventions on the landscape have obtained important results concerning Amazon biodiversity. This study aims to identify the useful plants in different phytophysiognomies related to archeological sites in the Serra de Carajás, in the state of Pará, as well as expand knowledge of the local flora. Information was collected in 76 parcels located in the influence areas of 15 archaeological sites: 45 in forest vegetation, 30 in canga vegetation and 1 in palm swamps. The species were categorized as either medicinal, food, game attractants, firewood, toxic, ritualistic and material.
    [Show full text]
  • EXTRACCIÓN DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS ESENCIALES DE LA PULPA DE AGUAJE (Mauritia Flexuosa) EMPLEANDO DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO SUPERCRÍTICO”
    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AMAZONICA DE MADRE DE DIOS VICE RECTORADO DE INVESTIGACIÓN INFORME FINAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN “EXTRACCIÓN DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS ESENCIALES DE LA PULPA DE AGUAJE (Mauritia flexuosa) EMPLEANDO DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO SUPERCRÍTICO” PRESENTADA POR: M. Sc. LARRY OSCAR CHAÑI PAUCAR Investigador principal Ph. D. JÚLIO CEZAR JOHNER FLORES Co-Investigador Br. EDGAR TORRES YALI Br. DINA GARCÍA ARO Colaboradores Ph. D. MARIA ANGELA DE ALMEIDA MEIRELES Asesora PUERTO MADONADO, 2019 I ÍNDICE GENERAL RESUMEN 6 ABSTRACT 7 INTRODUCCIÓN 8 CAPITULO I: PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 10 1.1.PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 10 1.2. JUSTIFICACION E IMPORTACIA 11 1.3. OBJETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACION 12 1.3.1. Objetivo general 12 1.3.2. Objetivos específicos 12 CAPITULO II: REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA 13 2.1. ANTECEDENTES 13 2.2. DESCRIPCION DEL AGUAJE 15 2.2.1. Descripción botánica 15 2.2.3. Composición nutricional de la pulpa de aguaje 20 2.3. TECNOLOGÍAS CONVENCIONALES DE EXTRACCIÓN DE ACEITES 22 2.4. EXTRACCIÓN POR DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO SUPERCRÍTICO 23 2.5. ÁCIDOS GRASOS ESENCIALES 25 CAPITULO III: METODOLOGÍA 28 3.1. MATERIALES 28 3.1.1. Muestras 28 3.1.2. Lugar de ejecución 29 3.1.3. Materiales 29 3.1.4. Equipos 29 3.1.5. Reactivos 29 II 3.2. MÉTODOS 30 3.2.1. Preparación de las muestras 30 3.2.2. Extracción de aceite por CO2 supercrítico 31 3.2.3. Identificación y cuantificación de ácidos grasos esenciales 34 CAPITULO IV: RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES 35 4.1. RENDIMIENTO DE LA EXTRACCIÓN DE ACEITE 35 4.2. ÁCIDOS GRASOS ESENCIALES 36 CONCLUSIÓN 39 AGRADECIMIENTOS 39 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 39 III ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Oenocarpus Distichus Mart.) Por Ensaios De Fragilidade Osmótica Eritrocitária, Artemia Salina E Em Raiz De Allium Cepa
    19170 Brazilian Journal of Development Avaliação do potencial toxicológico de Bacabas-de-leque (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) por ensaios de fragilidade osmótica eritrocitária, Artemia salina e em raiz de Allium cepa Evaluation of the toxicological potential of Bacabas (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) By erythrocyte osmotic fragility, Artemia salina and Allium cepa root assays DOI:10.34117/bjdv5n10-149 Recebimento dos originais: 10/09/2019 Aceitação para publicação: 11/10/2019 Rodolfo Castilho Clemente Formação acadêmica mais alta: Mestre em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos pela Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Instituição: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA) da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Endereço: Quadra 109 norte, Av. NS-15, ALCNO 14, bloco Bala I sala16, Palmas/TO. CEP: 77001-090 E-mail: [email protected] Renata Junqueira Pereira Formação acadêmica mais alta: Doutora em Ciências dos Alimentos pela Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Instituição: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA) da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Endereço: Quadra 109 norte, Av. NS-15, ALCNO 14, bloco Bala I sala16, Palmas/TO. CEP: 77001-090 E-mail: [email protected] Guilherme Nobre Lima do Nascimento Formação acadêmica mais alta: Doutor em Química pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU); Instituição: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA) da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) Endereço: Quadra 109 norte, Av. NS-15, ALCNO 14, bloco Bala I sala16, Palmas/TO. CEP: 77001-090 E-mail: [email protected] RESUMO Um dos maiores biomas do território brasileiro e ambiente de diversas espécies de animais e vegetais é o Cerrado, também conhecido como Savana Brasileira.
    [Show full text]
  • Aplicações Taxonômicas Da Anatomia Foliar De Espécies Amazônicas De Oenocarpus Mart
    Acta bot. bras. 22(4): 999-1014. 2008 Aplicações taxonômicas da anatomia foliar de espécies amazônicas de Oenocarpus Mart. (Arecaceae)1 Rolf Junior Ferreira Silva2,3 e Raimunda Conceição de Vilhena Potiguara2 Recebido em 28/08/2007. Aceito em 15/02/2008 RESUMO – (Aplicações taxonômicas da anatomia foliar de espécies amazônicas de Oenocarpus Mart. (Arecaceae)). Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a anatomia foliar de Oenocarpus bacaba Mart., O. distichus Mart., O. mapora H. Karst. e O. minor Mart., visando verificar se existem entre as espécies diferenças anatômicas qualitativas úteis a sua delimitação taxonômica. Observou-se que as pinas de todos os representantes são anfiestomáticas e apresentam tecido epidérmico heteromórfico revestido por cutícula lisa, sobre a qual há depósitos de cera epicuticular nas formas filamentosas de extremidade gancheiforme e em placas retangulares; possuem estômatos tetracíticos e tricomas tectores bifilamentosos. O mesofilo é dorsiventral com braquiesclereídes, estruturas secretoras de mucilagem e feixes vasculares colaterais secundários e terciários, para os secundários diagnosticou-se quatro tipos, sendo o tipo III, com três vasos metaxilemáticos, o único comum às espécies. Características como: estômatos ciclocíticos; número de estratos do tecido de expansão; formas da nervura central e margem das pinas, mostraram-se peculiares a determinados taxa. Para o axis foliar, constatou-se que a forma e organização celulares do tecido parenquimático, nas regiões central e mediana, difere entre as espécies. Elaborou-se uma chave de identificação anatômica para as espécies de Oenocarpus Mart. analisadas, demonstrando que há entre estas diferenças estruturais significativas a nível qualitativo. Palavras-chave: anatomia taxonômica, Arecaceae, Oenocarpus Mart. ABSTRACT – (Leaf anatomy applied to the taxonomy of Amazonian species of Oenocarpus Mart.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenolic Compounds Are Highly Correlated to the Antioxidant Capacity of T Genotypes of Oenocarpus Distichus Mart
    Food Research International 108 (2018) 405–412 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Research International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodres Phenolic compounds are highly correlated to the antioxidant capacity of T genotypes of Oenocarpus distichus Mart. fruits Sérgio Henrique Brabo de Sousaa, Rafaella de Andrade Mattiettob, Renan Campos Chistéa,c, ⁎ Ana Vânia Carvalhob, a Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil b Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa Eastern Amazon Research Center, Laboratory of Food Processing, 66095-100 Belém, Pará, Brazil c Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This research aimed to evaluate 32 genotypes of Oenocarpus distichus fruits regarding the contents of total Food analysis phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavanols, monomeric anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH Oenocarpus distichus Mart. assays), and the phenolic compound profiles of the five genotypes that presented the highest yields of bioactive Bacaba-de-leque compounds. The genotypes were harvested in three different locations in Pará State, Northern Brazil, (Belém, Bioactivity São João do Araguaia and Marabá). Among the 32 genotypes, the highest bioactive compound contents and Phenolic compounds antioxidant capacity were found for three genotypes harvested in Belém (B-3, B-7 and B-8) and two harvested in Anthocyanins São João do Araguaia (SJ-1 and SJ-4), and the total phenolic compounds varied from 131.97 to 363.01 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, total flavonoids from 24.23 to 38.19 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, total flavanols from 72.29 to 259.18 mg catechin equivalent/100 g, and monomeric anthocyanins from 21.31 to 67.76 mg cyanidin 3-rutinoside/100 g.
    [Show full text]
  • Estatus Taxonómico De Oenocarpus Bataua (Euterpeae, Arecaceae
    Rev. peru. biol. 15(supl. 1): 073- 078 (Noviembre 2008) Las palmeras en América del Sur Estatus Versióntaxonómico Online O ENOCARPUSISSN 1727-9933 BATAUA © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Estatus taxonómico de Oenocarpus bataua (Euterpeae, Arecaceae) inferido por secuencias del ADN cloroplástico Taxonomic status of Oenocarpus bataua (Euterpeae, Arecaceae) inferred from plastid sequences Rommel Montúfar1 y Jean-Christophe Pintaud2 1 Lab. (113) de Genética Molecular, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Resumen Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Av. 12 de Octubre 1076, Apartado Las relaciones evolutivas entre la especie Oenocarpus bataua (anteriormente denominada Jessenia bataua) y 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador. otras especies del género Oenocarpus fueron estudiadas mediante un análisis filogenético de la tribuEuterpeae Email: [email protected] (Arecaceae) en base a 3,6 kb de secuencias de espaciadores intergénicos del cloroplasto. Los cladogramas 2 IRD, UR 188, UMR DIA-PC, 911 recuperados sugieren: (1) la monofilia de la tribu Euterpeae, (2) la inclusión de los individuos de O. bataua Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 dentro del clado de Oenocarpus, y (3) la divergencia molecular entre O. bataua var. bataua y var. oligocarpus, Montpellier Cedex 5, France sugiriendo que estos taxa podrían representar especies distintas, así como fueron descritos originalmente. Email: [email protected] Sin embargo, los patrones filogenéticos mencionados tuvieron un bajo soporte estadístico, por lo cual las conclusiones derivadas de estos permanecen tentativas.
    [Show full text]
  • Borassus Flabellifer) in Statement of Ownership 207 Kerala, India V.S
    Journalof the InternationalPalm Society Vol. 8(4) December2004 THE INTERNATIONATPALM SOCIETY,INC. The International Palm Society PalmS (formerlyPRINCIPES) Journalof The InternationalPalm Society Founder:Denl Smi[h An illustrated,peer-reviewed quarteriy devoted to ThelnternaLional Palm Society is a nonpro[itcorporation informationabout palms and publishedin March, engagedin thestudv ol palms.The society is inter- June, Septemberand Decemberby The lnternationalPalm nationalin scopewith worldwidemembership, and the Society,810East 1Oth St., P.O. Box 1897, Lawrence, formatronof regionalor localchapters affiliated with the Kansas66044'8897, USA. internationalsociely is encouraged. Please address all inquiriesregarding membership or inlormalionabout Editors: Dransfield,Herbarium, Royal Botanic the societyto The InternationalPalm Society Inc., P.O. John Cardens,Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AF.United Box 1692,Lawrence, Kansas 66044,8897, USA. e-mail Kingdom,e-mail j.dransfield@rbgl<ew.org.uk, tel.44-20- [email protected],tax 785-84 3-1 27 4. 8332-52) 5, Fax 44-20-8332-527B. OFFICERS: ScottZona, Fairchild Tropical Carden, 1 1935 Olcl Cutler Road,Coral Gables (Miami), Florida 33156, USA, e-mail President: PaulCraft, l6745WestEpson Drive. [email protected],tel. 1 -305-667-1 65.1 ext. Loxahatchee,Florida 33470 USA, e-mail 3419,Fax 1 -305-665-8032. [email protected],tel.l-561 -5 l4-1837. AssociateEditor: NatalieUhl, 228 PlantScience, Vice-Presidents:Bo-Coran Lundkvist, PO Box 2071, CornellUniversity, lthaca, New York14853, USA, e-mail Pahoa,Hawaii 96778 USA, e-mail nwul @cornell.edu,tel. 1-607 -257 -0885. [email protected],lel.I -808-965-0081. LelandLai, 21480 Colina Drive, Topanga, Calilornia Supplement Editor: JimCain, 12418 Stafford Springs, 9A290USA, e-mail [email protected], tel.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Cyanogenesis in Palms (Arecaceae) Carl E
    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 28 (2000) 219}228 A survey of cyanogenesis in palms (Arecaceae) Carl E. Lewis!,*, Scott Zona",# !L.H. Bailey Hortorium, 462 Mann Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA "Fairchild Tropical Garden, 11935 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33156, USA #Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA Received 21 December 1998; received in revised form 25 January 1999; accepted 27 May 1999 Abstract We surveyed leaf material of 545 individual palms representing 108 genera and 155 species for cyanogenesis using the Feigl-Anger test. We detected HCN production in only two species of one genus, Drymophloeus. Additional smaller surveys of shoot meristems and roots revealed cyanogenesis only in the shoot meristem of one species of Dypsis. Our results indicate that cyanogenesis is rather rare in the family. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Drymophloeus; Dypsis; Arecaceae; Palmae; Palms; Cyanogenesis; Cyanide; HCN 1. Introduction Cyanide production is a widespread phenomenon in plants, with cyanogenic compounds present in many species across the plant kingdom (Hegnauer, 1977). These compounds are often ecologically signi"cant and can be hazardous to human health when they occur in crop plants. Although cyanogenesis has arisen indepen- dently in several lineages, it is a good taxonomic marker for several groups of plants (e.g., Passi#oraceae; Olafsdottir et al., 1989). Cyanogenic plants typically store cyanide in the form of cyanogenic glycosides. These plants release HCN only after tissue damage brings apoplastic {-glucosidases into contact with vacuolar glycosides. Some phenotypically acyanogenic plants * Corresponding author. Tel.: #1-607-255-8916 fax: #1-607-255-7979.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of 4,500 Years of Polyculture Agroforestry in the Eastern Amazon
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE The legacy of 4,500 years of polyculture agroforestry in the eastern Amazon AUTHORS Maezumi, SY; Alves, D; Robinson, M; et al. JOURNAL Nat Plants DEPOSITED IN ORE 04 September 2018 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33907 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication The legacy of 4,500 years of polyculture agroforestry in the eastern Amazon S. Yoshi Maezumi1*, Daiana Alves1, Mark Robinson1, Jonas Gregorio de Souza1, Carolina Levis2,3, Robert L. Barnett4, Edemar Almeida de Oliveira5, Dunia Urrego4, Denise Schaan6, 1 José Iriarte Affiliations: 1Department of Archaeology, College of Humanities, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil 3Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands 4Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive. Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK 5Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus of Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso State, Brazil 6Department of Anthropology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil *Correspondence to: [email protected] 1 Abstract: The legacy of pre-Columbian land use on modern Amazonian forests has stimulated considerable debate which, until now, has not been satisfactorily resolved due to the absence of integrated studies between pre-Columbian and modern land use.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Diversity and Growth Forms in Tropical American Palm Communities
    Bot. Rev. (2011) 77:381–425 DOI 10.1007/s12229-011-9084-x Species Diversity and Growth Forms in Tropical American Palm Communities Henrik Balslev1,4 & Francis Kahn2 & Betty Millan3 & Jens-Christian Svenning1 & Thea Kristiansen1 & Finn Borchsenius1 & Dennis Pedersen1 & Wolf L. Eiserhardt1 1 Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Building 1540, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark 2 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, UMR DIADE/DYNADIV), Montpellier, France 3 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru 4 Author for Correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] Published online: 30 June 2011 # The New York Botanical Garden 2011 Abstract To advance our understanding of the processes that govern the assembly of palm communities and the local coexistence of numerous palm species, we here synthesize available information in the literature on species diversity and growth-form composition in palm communities across the Americas. American palm communities surveyed had 4–48 (median 16) species in study plots covering 0.09–7.2 ha. Climate, soils, hydrology, and topography are the main factors determining palm community species richness. Tropical lowland terra firme rain forests are the most species-rich whereas forests that are inundated or grow on sandy soils or in areas with seasonal climate have much fewer species. Palm communities in the central-western Amazon and in Central America are significantly richer than the average region and those in the Caribbean significantly poorer in species. As for branching, the 789 species of tropical American palms belong to Corner’s model (solitary, 268 species, 33%), Tomlinsons model (cespitose, 521 species, 66%) and Schoute’s model (dichotomous branching, three species, <1%).
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Abayo, G,O., English, T., Eplee, R.F., Kanampiu, F.K., Ransom, 1.K. and Gressel, 1. (1998) Control of parasitic witchweeds (Striga spp.) on corn (Zea mays) resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitors, Weed Science 46, 459-466. Abu-Al-Futuh (1989) Study on the processing of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits for drug, food and feed, in G.E. Wickens, N. Haq, P. Day (eds.), New Crops for Food and Industry, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 272- 279. Adams, R.P. (1991) Cedar wood oil - analyses and properties, in H.F. Liskens and 1.F. Jackson (eds.), Essential Oils and Waxes. Modern methods of plant analysis, New Series vol 12. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 159-173. Aderkas, P. von (1984) Economic history of ostrich fern, Matteuccia struthiopteris, the edible fiddlehead, Economic Botany 38, 14-23. Ainsworth, 1. (1994) From Vine to Wine, Part II, Direct Wines (Windsor), Reading. Alados, c.A., Barroso, F.G., Aguirre, A. and EscOs, 1. (1996) Effects of early season defoliation on further herbivore attack on Anthyllis cyisoides (a Mediterranean browse species), Journal of Arid Environments 34, 455-463. Allen, G.O. (1950) British stone worts (Charophyta), Bunele & Co., Arbroath, Scotland. Allen, O.N. and Allen, E.K. (1981) The Leguminosae, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, and Macmillan, London. Alpino, P. (1592) De plantis aegypti liber, Venice. Altschul, S. von Reis (1973) Drugs and Foods from Little Known Plants: Notes in Harvard University Herbarium., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Altschul, S. von Reis (1977) Exploring the herbaria, Scientific American, May, 36-104. Alvarez-Buylla Races, M.A., Lazos Chavero, E.
    [Show full text]