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Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Vidlicové Osmiválcové

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Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Vidlicové Osmiválcové VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA STROJNÍHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ ÚSTAV AUTOMOBILNÍHO A DOPRAVNÍHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING VIDLICOVÉ OSMIVÁLCOVÉ MOTORY BMW BMW EIGHT-CYLINDER VEE-TYPE ENGINES BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE BACHELOR‘S THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE VIKTOR DOMSKÝ AUTHOR VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE Ing. LUBOMÍR DRÁPAL SUPERVISOR BRNO 2013 Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta strojního inženýrství Ústav automobilního a dopravního inženýrství Akademický rok: 2012/2013 ZADÁNÍ BAKALÁŘSKÉ PRÁCE student(ka): Viktor Domský který/která studuje v bakalářském studijním programu obor: Strojní inženýrství (2301R016) Ředitel ústavu Vám v souladu se zákonem č.111/1998 o vysokých školách a se Studijním a zkušebním řádem VUT v Brně určuje následující téma bakalářské práce: Vidlicové osmiválcové motory BMW v anglickém jazyce: BMW Eight-cylinder Vee-type Engines Stručná charakteristika problematiky úkolu: Přehled vývoje použité techniky, provedení a hlavních parametrů zážehových vidlicových osmiválcových motorů BMW v kontextu doby a v porovnání se soudobou konkurencí. Cíle bakalářské práce: Přehledně zmapujte vývoj zážehových vidlicových osmiválcových motorů BMW pro osobní automobily. Pojednejte o jejich parametrech, použitých technických řešeních a materiálech také s ohledem na požadavky soudobé legislativy. U vybraných pohonných jednotek proveďte srovnání s konkurenčními motory dané doby. Seznam odborné literatury: [1] LANGE, K. BMW Dimensions: The History of Engines – Engines that made History. 1st edition. Munich: BMW Mobile Tradition, 1999. ISBN 3-932169-05-0. [2] MTZ: MOTORTECHNISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT. Springer Automotive Media. Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Ing. Lubomír Drápal Termín odevzdání bakalářské práce je stanoven časovým plánem akademického roku 2012/2013. V Brně, dne 13.11.2012 L.S. _______________________________ _______________________________ prof. Ing. Václav Píštěk, DrSc. prof. RNDr. Miroslav Doupovec, CSc., dr. h. c. Ředitel ústavu Děkan fakulty ABSTRAKT, KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA ABSTRAKT Práce je zaměřená na vývoj vidlicových osmiválcových motorů společnosti BMW, vyrábě- ných pro sériové, sportovní i závodní vozy. V první části je historie značky BMW a vliv sou- časné legislativy, technika motorů a jejich značení. V druhé části je chronologický přehled vývoje motorů. U motorů v práci jsou zmíněna zajímavá technická řešení, výkonnostní pa- rametry a použití. Vybrané motory jsou srovnány se soudobou konkurencí. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA BMW, osmiválcový motor, technika, přehled vývoje, specifikace motorů, charakteristiky motorů ABSTRACT This bachelor’s thesis incorporates development of BMW Vee-type eight cylinder engines, made for normal, sports and race cars. In the first part there is history of BMW company and effect of legislation of the day, engine technology and their labelling. In the second part there is overview of engine development in chronological order. Interesting technical solutions, power output and applications are mentioned in engines part. Chosen engines are comprised with competition of the day. KEYWORDS BMW, eight cylinder engine, technology, review of development, engine specification, en- gine characteristics BRNO 2013 BIBLIOGRAFICKÁ CITACE BIBLIOGRAFICKÁ CITACE DOMSKÝ, V. Vidlicové osmiválcové motory BMW. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. 65 s. Vedoucí bakalářské práce Ing. Lubomír Drápal. BRNO 2013 ČESTNÉ PROHLÁŠENÍ ČESTNÉ PROHLÁŠENÍ Prohlašuji, že tato práce je mým původním dílem, zpracoval jsem ji samostatně pod vedením Ing. Lubomíra Drápala a s použitím literatury uvedené v seznamu. V Brně dne 24. května 2013 …….……..………………………………………….. Viktor Domský BRNO 2013 PODĚKOVÁNÍ PODĚKOVÁNÍ Děkuji všem, kteří mi pomohli při vypracování bakalářské práce, především mému vedoucí- mu, Ing. Lubomíru Drápalovi, za cenné rady a jeho odbornou pomoc. BRNO 2013 OBSAH OBSAH Úvod ......................................................................................................................................... 11 1 Historie značky BMW a požadavky současné legislativy ................................................ 12 2 Značení motorů ................................................................................................................. 16 3 Technika motorů BMW .................................................................................................... 18 3.1 Vanos ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Valvetronic ................................................................................................................. 19 3.3 Příprava směsi ............................................................................................................ 21 3.4 Přeplňování ................................................................................................................ 21 3.5 Materiály .................................................................................................................... 22 4 Osmiválcové motory BMW.............................................................................................. 24 4.1 Motory M500 do roku 1966 ....................................................................................... 24 4.1.1 M502 ................................................................................................................... 24 4.1.2 M506 ................................................................................................................... 25 4.1.3 M503 ................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.4 M507 ................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.5 M532, M533, M534, M535 ................................................................................ 28 4.2 Prototypy z období 1966 – 1973 ................................................................................ 28 4.2.1 M09* ................................................................................................................... 28 4.2.2 M27* a M36* ..................................................................................................... 29 4.3 Motory skupiny M ..................................................................................................... 30 4.3.1 M60 ..................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.2 M62 ..................................................................................................................... 32 4.4 Motory skupiny N ...................................................................................................... 34 4.4.1 N62 ..................................................................................................................... 34 4.4.2 N63 ..................................................................................................................... 37 4.5 Motory skupiny S ....................................................................................................... 40 4.5.1 S62 ...................................................................................................................... 40 4.5.2 S65 ...................................................................................................................... 41 4.5.3 S63 ...................................................................................................................... 44 4.6 Motory skupiny P ....................................................................................................... 46 4.6.1 P62 ...................................................................................................................... 46 4.6.2 P60 ...................................................................................................................... 46 4.6.3 P65 ...................................................................................................................... 47 4.6.4 P86 ...................................................................................................................... 48 Závěr ......................................................................................................................................... 49 BRNO 2013 9 OBSAH 5 Použité informační zdroje ................................................................................................. 50 Seznam příloh ........................................................................................................................... 56 BRNO 2013 10 ÚVOD ÚVOD Společnost BMW je v současné době silným hráčem na trhu s automobily nejen v Evropě, ale i na dalších kontinentech. Důkazem toho jsou nejrůznější průzkumy a články, ale také vysoký obrat i zisk. Stánky BMW také patří k nejsledovanějším na automobilových veletrzích ve Frankfurtu a v Ženevě. Společnost BMW nabízí celou škálu vozidel pro různé zákazníky. Od malého BMW řady 1 až po velké limuzíny řady 7, od malých SUV řady X1 po velká sportovní SUV řady X6. Tyto různě zaměřené vozy si samozřejmě žádají různé motory. Proto pro malé vozy je vyráběna široká řada čtyřválcových a šestiválcových motorů. Od letošního roku jsou v nabídce také tříválcové motory. U všech těchto motorů lze vybírat mezi zážehovými i vznětovými varian- tami. Pro prostřední skupinu vozů se přidávají i větší vidlicové osmiválcové motory a nakonec pro největší vozidla
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