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Home , Centesimus annus, Communion and Liberation, Evangelium vitae, Familiaris consortio, Handmaids of Charity, Humanae vitae

298 The Moral Life in Christ

Index

Page numbers in color indicate illustrations. Titles of paintings will be found under the name of the artist, unless they are anonymous. References to specific citations from Scripture and the Catechism will be found in the separate INDEX OF CITATIONS.

A art and music in Church, 130 sanctifying grace in, 33, 34, atheism, 119, 124 235, 250–252, 287, 288 attractiveness. See sexuality Barzotti, Biagio, Pope abortion and abortion laws, Leo XIII with Cardinals St. Augustine of Hippo 50, 82, 88, 90–91, 103 Rampolla, Parochi, on Baptism, 43 Abraham, 103 Bonaparte, and Sacconi (ca. Benedict XVI on, 14 absolution, 148, 286 1890), 114 Champaigne, Philippe de, abstinence, 99, 175, 286 Baudricourt, Robert, 239 Saint Augustine (ca. 1650), Baumgartner, Johan acedia, 66, 286 212 Wolfgang, The Prodigal Son actual grace, 235, 286 Confessions, 12 Wasting his Inheritance (1724- Adam and Eve on Eternal Law, 58–59 1761), 6 marriage and, 108 on freedom, 9 beatitude, 34, 120, 193. See Original Justice and, 19 on grace, 246 also holiness Original Sin and, 17–22, 24, on happiness, 47 Beatitudes, 145, 147–150, 26, 33, 206, 293 152–154, 161, 165, 286 life of, 7 adoration, 275, 277, 286 Benedict XVI (pope) on love, 89 adulation, 129, 130, 286 Caritas in Veritate (papal passions and, 212 adultery, 93, 94, 102, 286 encyclical, 2009), 117–118 on prayer, 283 alcohol and drugs, 84, 141 Deus Caritas Est (papal Retractationes, 28 encyclical, 2005), 13–14 almsgiving, 123, 257, 286 On the Sermon on the general audience, Nov. St. Alphonsus Ligouri, 254 Mount, 163 2012, 13–15 St. Ambrose, 74, 164, 283 Summa Theologica on Purgatory, 258 amorality, 211, 286 influenced by, 296 Berard, Jean and Elisabeth, Andrew II of Hungary, 131 authority of parents and 116 anger, 84, 149, 189, 212, 213 Church, 80–81, 88, 168–169 Berchem, Nicolaes animals and emotions, avarice, 192, 286 Pieterszoon, Paul and 211–212 Barnabas at Lystra (1650), 66 annulment, 102, 286 B Bible. See Scriptures Anointing of the Sick, birth control. See Sacrament of, 256, 258 contraception apostolic succession, 168– Baptism, Sacrament of bishops 169, 256, 259, 286 Body of Christ and, 43 apostolic succession and, Aristotle, 46, 52, 296 marriage and, 107 259, 286

charism of infallibility and, Caritas in Veritate (papal sexuality ordered through, 171 encyclical, 2009), 117–118 97, 287 Church law and, 53 Carracci, Ludovico, Christ sins against, 99–103, 132 Holy Orders and, 260 in the Wilderness, Served by children, 96–97, 103, 104, 111 Angels (1608), 174 Magisterium and, 169, 173, Chosen People, 67, 68, 78, 287 Catherine of Aragon, 69 292 Christ. See Jesus Christ Catholic Action, 83 blasphemy, 63, 68, 286 Christy, Howard Chandler, bodies Catholic Social Teaching Scene at the Signing of the (CST), 83, 111, 117–120, 287 Fifth Commandment and Constitution of the United care for, 84 Catholic Worker movement, States (1940), 50 151 St. John Paul II’s Theology Church of the Body, 94–95 celibacy, 97, 246, 287 additional reading, 181–183 objectification of, 133 Centesimus Annus (papal blasphemy against, 68 encyclical, 1991), 140–141 passions and, 211 charisms building up, 235 Cesari, Giuseppe, Christ soul as composite unity on complementarity of Taken Prisoner (ca. 1597), 157 with, 93 genders, 95 Champaigne, Philippe de, spousal meaning of, 94, 165, conscience and, 223–225 Saint Augustine (ca. 1650), 212 295 Councils, 173, 288, 289 charism, 171, 173, 219, 223, 235, Bol, Ferdinand, Abraham (See also Trent, Council of; 287, 291 entertaining the three Angels Vatican Council II) charity (ca. 1653), 103 crises of, 179 Church’s order to, 243 St. Bonaventure, 227 Eucharist and, 255–256 defined, 242, 287 Bruegel, Pieter, Peasant focus and reflection Dance (ca. 1568), 118 Eucharist and, 255, 256 questions, 180 Brugghen, Hendrick ter, The as fruit of the Spirit, 246, Fourth Commandment and Calling of Saint Matthew (ca. 274–275, 289 honor for, 81 1619), 270 gluttony and, 192 freedom as conceived by, live and let live mentality 204–206, 213 C vs., 159 holy days of obligation in, regenerating force of, 125 70, 290 as theological virtue, 233, imposing morality of, Cabrini foundations, 23 242, 296 177–178 calumny, 129, 286 Charles VII, 239 Jesus Christ’s offer of, 25, canon law, 174–176, 286 chastity 43, 55, 168, 168–169, 171, 265 capital sins, 190, 192–193, 295 abstinence and, 99 law/canon law of, 53, 167, 168, 174–176 capitalism, 119 defined, 97, 287 on man’s ultimate purpose, Caravaggio, Cecco del, Christ focus and reflection 74 driving the money-changers questions, 106 from the Temple (1610), 149 moral theology through, 2, as fruit of the Spirit, 289 cardinal virtues, 238, 286 38, 223 marriage and, 93, 97, 99 nature of, 168–169 modesty and, 292

on nonresistance to evil, conjugal relationships, D 156 97, 287. See also marriage; precepts of, 175, 294 sexuality David, Jacques-Louis, The truth about, 179 conscience Death of Socrates (1787), 220 circumstances, 207, 287 additional reading, 200– 201, 227–229 Day, Dorothy (Servant of civil law, 45, 49–50, 112, 120, God), 151 123, 174, 287 concupiscence and, 221 death, 17, 21, 24 Coignet, Gillis, The Seven defined, 220, 287 death penalty, 84 Deadly Sins (ca. 1599), 193 focus and reflection defamation, 129, 288 Commandments. See great questions, 226 commandments; Ten following, 223–224 defense of self and others, 82 Commandments; specific formation of, 185, 219, 221, deification, 251, 288 commandments 223, 225 desire of our hearts, 5–15 common good, 80, 119–120, humility and, 208 additional reading, 12–15 287 nature of, 220–221 focus and reflection Communion and Liberation, truth about, 225 questions on, 11 270–271 consent in mortal sin, 189 God’s love fulfilling, 5–7, Communion of Saints, 255, 10, 38 consumerism, 140–141 287 human nature and, 8–9 contemplative prayer, 276, communism, 119, 121, 124–125 287 Original Sin clouding, 21, 22 complaisance, 129, 130, 287 continence, 97, 287 passions and, 211 conciliar decrees, 173, 289 contraception, 88, 99, 104, prayer and, 277 conclusions and 172, 288 Ten Commandments and, determinations in canon law, , 148, 288 61 175–176 contrition control vs. humility, 54–55 truth about, 10 concupiscence despair, 65, 121, 288 Baptism and, 251 The Coronation of the Virgin (15th century), 205 determinations and conscience and, 221 Councils of the Church, conclusions in canon law, consequences of, 17, 21, 188 173, 288, 289. See also Trent, 175–176 defined, 21, 287 Council of; Vatican Council II detraction, 129, 288 sexual objectification and, counsel, 272, 274, 289 Deus Caritas Est (papal 133 covetousness, 132–136, 288 encyclical, 2005), 13–14 Ten Commandments vs., 51 Creation dignity, 95, 114, 288 Confession. See Penance and Adam and Eve and, 18–19 dissimulation, 129, 288 Reconciliation, Sacrament of caring for, 18, 216 divination, 66, 67, 288 Confessions (St. Augustine), 12 Eternal Law and, 48 Divine Law, 45, 50–51, 61, 120, Confirmation, Sacrament of, 155, 288, 292 need for God and, 5 249, 251–252, 263, 272 divorce, 88, 102 Sabbath and, 68 Confraternity of Our Lady of domestic church, 79, 288 Mercy, 273 sexuality and, 94 doubt, 64, 288 CST (Catholic Social Teaching), 83, 111, 117–120, 287 drugs and alcohol, 84, 141

dual purposes of human blasphemy against, 68 providing for, 112, 121 sexuality, 97, 288 canon law on, 175 sexuality and, 96 Dujardin, Karel, The God’s love and, 55 fascism, 119, 289 Annunciation (ca. 1660), 234 grace and, 252–254, 255– fasting, 257, 289 256 fear of the Lord, 51, 53, 272, E liturgy of, 255, 291 274, 289 priesthood and, 260 Fiat of Virgin Mary, 9, 289 Sabbath observation and, Fifth Commandment, 77, ecclesial communities, 255, 70 81–82, 84, 85, 86 288 St. Thomas Aquinas on, 263 First Commandment, 64–67, economic and social Trent on, 263 72, 73, 74–75 inequalities, 119–121, 124–125, Flanders, Juan de, Crucifixion 285 truth about, 261 of Christ (ca. 1519), 54 economic initiative, 119, euthanasia, 82 fornication, 100, 289 140–141, 288 Evangelium Vitae (papal fortitude, 208, 233, 238, 240, economy of salvation, 143, 164 encyclical, 1995), 30, 90–91 274, 286, 289 Ecumenical Councils, 173, Eve. See Adam and Eve Fourth Commandment, 288, 289 ex cathedra rulings, 173, 289 77–81, 86, 87 Eighth Commandment, extraordinary universal Fra Angelico, The Sermon on 127–130, 136, 137, 138–141 Magisterium, 173 the Mount (15th century), 147 El Greco, The Annunciation St. Frances Cabrini, 23 (ca. 1576), 9 F St. Francis of Assisi, 36, 280 St. Elizabeth of Hungary, 131 Franciscans, 36, 131, 271, 273 embryonic stem cell research, 82 faith fraternal correction, 159–160, 289 emotions. See passions St. Augustine on, 12 free will encyclicals. See specific Benedict XVI on, 14–15 defined, 8, 289 encyclicals by title doubt and, 64 grace and, 236 enemies, loving, 154–155 as theological virtue, 233, Engebrechtsz, Cornelis, 241, 289, 296 man distinguished by, 31, 124 Crucifixion Scene (ca. 1510), the Fall, 19–20, 22, 24. See also 277 Original Sin Original Sin and, 28 envy, 127, 134, 139, 192, 289 false gods, 63 passions and, 293 erroneous conscience, 224, Familiaris Consortio rational soul and, 59, 294 228, 229, 289 (apostolic exhortation, 1981), sin and, 185 Eternal Law, 45, 48, 56, 88–89, 107 trusting God and, 10, 55 58–59, 289 family freedom Eucharist, Sacrament of charity and, 243 additional reading, 215–217 St. Alphonsus Ligouri and, as image of Trinity, 96 Benedict XVI on, 15 254 St. John Paul on, 108–109 defined, 204, 289 assimilation to Christ nature and importance of, through, 43, 251, 255 78–81, 87–89, 91

focus and reflection Garden of Gethsemane, 157 Goretti, St. Maria, 98 questions, 214 Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral Gospels, 51, 290 as human right, 290 Constitution on the Church government and the state, image of God perfected in the Modern World, 1965), 120, 121, 124–125 29, 104, 115, 216, 271 through, 8–9 grace gender intellect and, 8–9, 207 actual grace, 235, 286 differences and John Paul II on, 58, 88–89, additional reading, 246–247 209 complementarity in, 94–95, choosing to receive, 9 108–109 law guiding and promoting, defined, 34, 234, 290 45, 47, 51, 53, 58, 59, 203– Natural Family Planning of discipleship, 43, 246 206, 215 and, 104 focus and reflection passions and, 189 Gertner, Peter, Crucifixion (1537), 194 questions, 245 property and, 294 Gertrude of Melania, 131 fruits of the Spirit and, sexuality and, 105 274–275 Gethsemane, 157 Ten Commandments and, great commands and, 146 61 St. Gianna Beretta Molla, 83 humility and, 55 truth about, 213 Gifts of the Holy Spirit, 272, 274, 289 marriage and, 79, 107, 109, virtues and, 120, 205, 206 260 gluttony, 192, 289 friendship with God merit and, 236 God. See also friendship with Adam and Eve and, 19 God; guidance from God; nature of, 231, 234–235 Baptism and, 250 responding to God’s plan New Law and, 51, 53, 143 charity and, 242 desire for, 6, 12–15, 39 Original Sin and, 22 Eucharist and, 252, 253 First Commandment and, rejection of, 18 Jesus Christ as way to, 25 63, 72 Sacraments and, 249, 250, rejection of, 18, 20–21 gift of life from, 85 259 through consent to God’s hatred of, 66 sanctifying, 21, 33, 34, 189, call , 9 human beings created in 235, 241, 250–252, 295 fruits of the Spirit, 27, 274– image of, 8, 10, 18, 30–31, truth about, 244 275, 289 56, 77, 82, 108, 120, 128–129, types of, 235 full consent and knowledge, 207 grave matter and mortal 189–190 humility before, 54–55 sins, 189, 190 loving plan of, 193–195 grave sins. See mortal sin G man’s purpose in glory of, great commandments 74–75 additional reading, 163–165 Second Commandment Beatitudes and, 147–150, Gandolfi, Gaetano and name of, 63, 67–68, 73, 152–154 Head of a Bishop (ca. 1770), 74–75 defined, 146, 290 259 Third Commandment and, focus and reflection The Marriage at Cana 63 questions, 162 (1766), 95 universal destination of goods and, 113–114 law fulfilled through, 145

moral practice through, H holiness 208 call to, 33, 35, 37–38 Sermon on the Mount and, First Commandment and, Handmaids of Charity, 222 146–147, 154–157 64 happiness truth about, 161 marriage and, 108–109 Adam and Eve and, 19 Veritatis Splendor on, practice of, 161 164–165 Beatitudes and, 145, 147 sacrifices for, 72, 261 Great Schism (1054) and conscience as guide to, 219 vocation and, 270–272 Orthodox Churches, 293 envy and, 139 holy days of obligation, 70, greed, 134, 290 human desire for, 5–6, 175, 290 Gregory IX (pope), 36 46–47 Holy Orders, Sacrament Gregory XVI (pope), 254 Jesus Christ as way to, 25, of, 249, 255, 259–260, 270, St. Gregory of Nyssa, 148, 215 34 284–285 grief, 148 law and, 45–49, 146–147 Holy Spirit Grunewald, Mathias, The marriage and, 108 Baptism and, 250, 251 Mocking of Christ (ca. 1505), moral theology as guide to, charisms of, 287 65 3, 10, 13, 38, 46, 74 discipleship and, 43 guidance from God, 17–31. See responding to God’s offer fruits of the Spirit, 27, also conscience; grace; Holy of, 33, 38, 161 274–275, 289 Spirit; responding to God’s struggle for, 17, 29 Gifts of the Holy Spirit, 272, plan truth and, 129–130 274, 289 additional reading, 28–31 hatred of God, 66 guidance from, 146, 267, First Commandment and, Hayden, Benjamin, Christ 272, 274–275 64 Blessing the Little Children New Law and, 51, 53, 247 focus and reflection (1837), 35 Scriptures and, 295 questions, 27 Hayman, Francis, The Good homosexuality, 101 St. Frances Cabrini and, 23 Samaritan (ca. 1752), 237 hope, 233, 241–242, 290, 296 Jesus Christ and, 25, 26, heart’s desire. See desire of 143, 267 our hearts human person law and, 49, 205–206 Henry VIII (king of England), Catholic Social Teaching on, 118–120 moral theology and, 3, 10, 69 13, 38, 46, 74 heresy control vs. humility in, 54–55 Original Innocence and, St. Augustine on, 7 Fifth Commandment 18–19 defined, 64, 290 protecting good of, 81–82 Original Sin and, 19–22, 24 Henry VIII and, 69 natural law and, 45, 48, 58 salvation and, 24–25 Jansenism and, 254 nature of, 8–9, 28 sin and, 194–195 Manichaeism, 7 right to property of, 111, 112 truth about, 26, 39 Herkomer, Hubert von, Farm sexuality and, 93, 94 Guisanni, Luigi, 270–271 Workers Tilling and Sowing a Hillside (1885), 113 ultimate purpose of, 74–75

Index

human rights, 48, 290 defined, 8, 291 as model of love, 33, 34, 35, Humanae Vitae (papal freedom through, 8–9, 207 37 encyclical, 1968), 99, 107–108, human beings as image of perseverance through, 172 God and, 5 279–281 humility, 54–55, 134, 208, 237 moral practice through, Sabbath observation and, Hundred Years War, 239 207, 212, 216–217 68, 70 hypocrisy, 129, 290 New Law and, 51 salvation through, 17, 24–26, 55, 187, 246, 264 Original Sin clouding, 17, 21, 22, 28, 39 Sermon on the Mount and, I 147–150, 152–157, 163, 292 passions and, 203, 212 as source of truth, 128–129 rational soul and, 294 Jews and Judaism, 67, 68, 70, idols and idolatry, 63, 64, 66, intentions, 207, 291 290 78 intercession, 275, 277–278, St. Joan of Arc, 239 St. Ignatius of Loyola, 291 Spiritual Exercises, 138 John XXIII (pope), 172 intrauterine insemination, ignorance 102–103, 291 St. John the Apostle, 25 invincible, 224, 228, 291 invincible ignorance, 224, St. John Bosco, 191 vincible, 224, 297 228, 291 St. John Chrysostom, 247 willful, 189 in-vitro fertilization, 102– St. John Henry Newman, 221 image of God, human beings 103, 290 St. John Paul II (pope). See created in, 8, 10, 18, 30–31, 56, St. Irenaeus of Lyon, 25, 30, also Veritatis Splendor 77, 82, 108, 120, 128–129, 207 163 address to Roman Rota, imperfect contrition, 148, 288 irony, 129, 291 January 2003, 108–109 Incarnation, 34, 195, 290 irreligion, 66, 291 Centesimus Annus (papal incest, 101, 290 encyclical, 1991), 140–141 indifference, 65, 159, 290 Evangelium Vitae (papal J encyclical, 1995), 30, 90–91 indissolubility, 102, 290 Familiaris Consortio individualism, 119, 206 Jansenism, 254 (apostolic exhortation, indulgences, 258, 291 1981), 88–89, 107 St. Jerome, 87, 280 inequalities, economic and St. Gianna Beretta Molla Jesus Christ social, 119–121, 124–125, 285 canonized by, 83 Beatitudes and, 152–154 infallibility, 171, 173, 219, 223, life of, 209 291 call to follow, 41–43, 75 Reconcilatio et Paenitentia infertility, 102–103 Commandments perfected (apostolic exhortation, infidelity, 101–102, 291 by, 84, 94, 143, 145, 195 1984), 200–201 ingratitude, 65–66, 291 covenant extended on spousal meaning of the through, 78–79, 264–265 Initiation, Sacraments of, body, 94, 295 251–252 God’s loving plan and, Theology of the Body, 94–95 194–195 intellect St. John Vianney, On Envy, Gospels and, 290 anger overriding, 84 139 Incarnation of, 34, 195, 290

joy. See happiness great commandments Ludwig IV (landgrave of judgment fulfilling, 145, 146, 164–165 Thuringia), 131 conscience and, 220, 221, happiness and, 45–49 lukewarmness, 66, 292 227–228 nature of, 47–48 Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic fraternal correction and, revelation and, 51, 53 Constitution on the Church, 1964), 37, 284–285 158–160 St. Thomas Aquinas and, 52 Luna, Juan, The Battle of freedom and, 204 truth about, 56 Lepanto (1887), 82 Jesus’s teaching on, 157 types of, 48–49 lust, 21, 94, 97, 99–100, 192, pride and, 192 , 23, 108, 114, Leo XIII (pope) 292 rashness in, 129, 160 123 Luther, Martin, 255, 294 just wages, 119, 291 lewdness, 133–134 lying, 52, 129–130 justice, 208, 233, 238, 286, 291 Ligouri, St. Alphonsus, 254 Liturgy of the Eucharist and of the Word, 255, 265, 291 M K Longhi, Pietro, The Marriage Sacrament (ca. 1755), 132 magic, 67, 292 Kingdom of God, 155, 241 Lotto, Lorenzo, Martyrdom of Magisterium, 53, 169–171, 173, St. Stephen (1516), 154 knowledge. See also intellect 223, 292 conscience and, 224 Loutherbourg, Jacques de, Manichaeism, 7 The Angel Binding Satan as gift of the Holy Spirit, (1797), 190 St. Margaret of Cortona, 273 272, 274, 289 love. See also charity; great St. Maria Crocifissa di Rosa, mortal sin and, 189 commandments 222 right action through, 129 desire for God and, 13–15 St. Maria Goretti, 98 St. Gianna on, 83 marriage, Sacrament of L glorification of God and, 75 annulment and, 102, 286 Jesus Christ as model chastity and, 97, 99, 132 of, 25, 33, 34, 35, 37, 42, Church built through, 79, law. See also natural law 193–194 259–260 additional reading, 58–59, judgment and, 158–159 conjugal relationships, 97, 74–75, 181–183 marriage and, 107–108 287 canon law, 174–176, 286 natural law and, 154–155 grace and, 79, 249 Church and, 53, 167, 168, as image of Trinity, 93, 94 174–176 New Law and, 51, 53, 145, 164–165, 247 indissolubility of, 95, 102 defined, 47, 291 of one’s enemies, 154–155 infidelity and, 101–102 focus and reflection questions, 57, 180 responding to God’s plan Natural Family Planning through, 33–35, 39, 88–89 and, 104 freedom promoted through, 45, 47, 51, 53, 58, spousal meaning of body St. Paul VI on, 172 59, 203–206, 215 and, 94 polygamy, 102, 294 God as core of, 75 vocation and, 107 sexuality and, 94–96, 105 as vocation, 35, 270

martyrs and martyrdom, 69, of human acts, 207–208, St. Thomas Aquinas on, 123 154 210, 213 universal destination of Mary, mother of God. See imposition of, 177–178 goods and, 113–114 Virgin Mary intellect and, 207, 212, neighbor, loving as yourself. Mass, 70–71, 175, 253, 279 216–217 See great commandments masturbation, 100, 290, 292 interconnectedness of, New Covenant, 67, 70, 79, 84, media truthfulness and 117–118 253 responsibility, 130, 140 types of laws in, 48–49 New Law, 51, 53, 59, 174–175, meditation, 275–276, 292 Veritatis Splendor on, 41–43 246, 292 meekness, 149, 161 mortal sin, 187, 189–190, 252, Newman, St. John Henry, 221 Memling, Hans 257, 292 NFP (Natural Family Planning), 104, 292 Christ with Singing Angels Mosaic Covenant, 61 (15th century), 268 mourning, 148 Ninth Commandment, 127, 130, 132–133, 136, 137, 138–141 Scenes from the Passion of murder, 82, 90 Noel, Juliette, 116 Christ (ca. 1471), 210 Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban, men. See gender The Return of the Prodigal nonresistance to evil, 156 Mengs, Anton Raphael, Fall of Son (1667-1670), 188 Christ with the Cross on His music and art in Church, 130 O way to Calvary (1769), 37 mercy, 150, 152, 193–195, 255. See also works of mercy N obedience, 80–81, 87 merit, 236, 258, 292 object of the will, 207, 293 Missionary Sisters of the name of God, Second oblates, 271, 293 Sacred Heart, 23 Commandment on, 63, 67–68, occult, 67, 293 73, 74–75 modesty, 132–134, 274–275, Old Law and Old Covenant, 289, 292 NaProTECHNOLOGY, 103, 51, 53, 59, 61, 143, 176, 246, 293 292 Molla, St. Gianna Beretta, 83 omniscience, 221, 293 Natural Family Planning Molla, Pietro, 83 On Envy (St. John Vianney), (NFP), 104, 292 moral theology 139 natural law Baptism and, 34 ordinary Magisterium, 173 abortion laws and, 50 cardinal virtues of, 238, 286 Ordination, Sacrament Church authority and Catholic Social Teaching , 176 of, 249, 255, 259–260, 270, and, 111, 117–120, 287 defined, 48, 292 284–285 circumstances and, 287 Divine Law and, 45, 50 Original Innocence, 18–19, 108, 293 defined, 3 first precept of, 48–49 Original Justice, 17, 19, 293 fear mindset and, 196 homosexuality and, 101 Original Sin freedom and, 213 St. John Paul on, 58–59, 217, 227–228 Adam and Eve and, 17–22, glorification of God and, 24, 26, 33, 206, 293 74–75 love and, 154–155 St. Augustine on, 28 as guide to happiness, 3, 10, Ten Commandments 13, 38, 46, 74 expressing, 51, 61 Baptism and, 251

concupiscence and, 21, 22, on Original Sin, 24 Portaña, Vicent López, Saint 188, 287 on salvation, 246 Sebastian Tended by Saint Irene (ca. 1800), 38 consequences of, 20–22, on vocation, 272 24, 225 poverty, vows of, 135 St. Paul VI (pope) defined, 21, 293 prayer Humanae Vitae (papal the Fall and, 19–20 encyclical, 1968), 99, additional reading, 283– inheritance of, 26 107–108, 172 285 marriage and, 108–109 life of, 172 adoration, 275, 277, 286 natural law clouded by, 50 peace and peacemakers, 153, conscience and, 287 structural sin and, 120 274–275, 289, 293 defined, 294 Orthodox Churches, 256, 293 Penance and Reconciliation, focus and reflection Sacrament of questions, 282 overeating, 84 absolution and, 148, 286 habits of, 275 oxytocin, 96–97 grace and, 152–153 intercession, 275, 277–278, St. John Paul II on, 200–201 291 P peace and, 293 nature of, 275–276 precepts of the Church for one’s enemies, 154–155 Palma il Giovane, Cain and and, 175 petition, 275, 277, 294 Abel (ca. 1603), 22 seal of, 130 purpose of, 231, 276–279 papacy. See also specific sin and, 190, 256–257 temporal punishment and, popes perfect contrition, 148, 288 257 charism of infallibility and, perjury, 67–68, 294 thanksgiving, 275, 277, 296 171, 173 persecution, 153–155, 161 types of, 275 ex cathedra rulings by, 173, Peter, Johan Wenzel, Adam precepts of the Church, 175, 289 and Eve in the Garden of Eden 294 Magisterium and, 169, 292 (ca. 1829), 18 presumption, 65, 294 parents, 77–81, 87, 91, 96, 104 St. Peter, 127, 157, 168, 179 pride, 66, 139, 192, 208, 294 passions petition (as form of prayer), priests and priesthood defined, 210–211, 293 275, 277, 294 Eucharist and, 260 focus and reflection Philip the Apostle, 170 Holy Orders, Sacrament questions, 214 piety, 272, 274, 289 of, 249, 255, 259–260, 270, freedom and, 189 Pius IX (pope), 222 284–285 intellect and, 203, 212 Pius XI (pope), 124–125, 200 Orthodox Churches and, 293 mortal sin and, 189 Pius XII (pope), 98, 173 as vocation, 35, 231, 268– truth about, 213 Plato, 46 270 Passover, 253, 293 polygamy, 102, 294 private property. See St. Paul popes. See papacy; specific property on conscience, 227–228 popes procreation, 97, 99, 101, pornography, 100–101, 133, on Eucharist, 255 108. See also abortion and 141, 294 on Old Law, 51 abortion laws; parents; sexuality

prodigal son, 6, 188 redemption. See salvation Rosa, Paola di, 222 property Reformation, 255, 294 Rubens, Peter Paul, The additional reading, 123–125 relativism, 200–201, 204 Baptism of Christ (17th century), 250 defined, 112, 294 Rembrandt rule of law, 120, 294 rights to, 112–114, 296 The Baptism of the Eunuch subsidiarity and, 114–115 (1628), 170 Tenth Commandment and, Jacob Blessing the Children S 134 of Joseph (1656), 78 truth about, 121 Reni, Guido Sabbath, 63, 68, 70–71, 294 universal destination of The Penitent Magdalene Sacraments, 109, 238, 249, goods and, 112–114 (ca. 1635), 100 250–252, 262–265. See also prostitution, 101 Saint Joseph and the Christ specific sacraments Child (1640), 80 protoevangelium, 25, 294 Sacred Heart, Missionary Rerum Novarum (papal prudence, 191, 208, 220, 233, Sisters of, 23 encyclical, 1891), 114, 123 238, 286, 294 Sacred Scripture. See responding to God’s plan, prudishness, 134 Scriptures 33–43. See also guidance psychology and sociology, from God Sacred Tradition. See 201 tradition through love, 33–35, 39, Purgatory, 255, 258, 296 88–89 sacredness of life, 77, 90–91 additional reading, 41–43 sacrilege, 67, 129, 175, 295 Q experience of freedom and, Sacrosanctum Concilum 88–89 (Constitution on the Sacred , 264–265 focus and reflection Liturgy, 1963) Quellinus, Erasmus, II, Jesus questions, 40 saints and sainthood. See in the House of Martha and also specific saints by St. Francis of Assisi and, 36 Mary (17th century), 208 name sin and, 193 St. Alphonsus Ligouri on, truth about, 39, 161 254 R virtue and, 233 First Commandment and, vocation and, 35, 37–38, 64 268–269 rape, 101 guidance of Jesus Christ Raphael, The School of Athens Resurrection, 70 and, 37–38, 279–281 (1511), 46 revelation, 51, 53, 157, 169, 171, prayer and, 267, 268, rational soul, 8, 120, 294 215 277–278 reason. See intellect; rational righteousness, 150, 153, 212, Second Commandment soul 246 and, 67, 68 Reconcilatio et Paenitentia Robert, Hubert, A Hermit Sallaert, Anthonis, 176 Praying in the Ruins of a (apostolic exhortation, 1984), salvation Roman Temple (ca. 1760), 274 200–201 call to holiness and, 33 Rombouts, Theodoor, The Reconciliation. See Penance economy of, 143, 164 and Reconciliation, Denial of Saint Peter (17th Holy Orders and, 260 Sacrament of century), 127

Original Sin and, 24–25 vocation and, 284–285 masturbation, 100, 290, 292 through Jesus Christ, 17, self-control, 149, 289 modesty and, 133–134 24–26, 55, 187, 246, 264 self-defense, 82 St. Paul VI on, 172 sanctifying grace, 21, 33, 34, self-harm, 84 pornography, 100–101, 133, 189, 235, 241, 250–252, 295 sense of sin, 200–201. See 141, 294 Sarenelli, Allesandro, 98 also conscience right use of, 96–97, 99 Sassoferrato, The Virgin in Sermon on the Mount truth about, 105 Prayer after, 278 St. Augustine on, 163 sin. See also concupiscence; schism, 64, 69, 295 Beatitudes and, 145, 147– Original Sin; specific Scriptures 150, 152–154, 165 commandments; specific sins conscience and, 223 defined, 295 Baptism and, 251 defined, 169, 295 New Law from, 154–157, 292 capital sins, 190, 192–193, human need for God in, 5 Sesto, Cesare da, The Virgin 295 Liturgy of the Word and, and Child with a Lamb (ca. 291 1520), 24 conscience and, 225, 228 Magisterium and, 169–170 seven deadly sins, 190, damage done by, 22, 136, 158, 188, 193–194, 203, 206, prayer and, 276 192–193, 193, 295 257 Sacred Tradition and, Seventh Commandment defined, 185 170–171 additional reading, 123–125 Eucharist and, 255 St. Sebastian, 38 Catholic Social Teaching focus and reflection Second Commandment, 63, and, 117–120 questions, 197 67–68, 73, 74–75 focus and reflection fraternal correction of, Second Vatican Council. See questions, 122 159–160, 289 Vatican Council II private property rights indulgences and, 258 secular culture and, 111–114 inequality and, 119–120 conscience in, 220, 221 subsidiarity and, 114–115 love and, 158–159 consumerism and, 140–141 truth about, 121 mercy through Christ and, desire for God in, 13 sexuality 193–195 family in, 109 abortion and, 91 mortal sin, 187, 189–190, freedom understood in, chastity and, 97, 287 252, 257, 292 204–206 defined, 94, 295 Penance and, 256–257 gift of life in, 85 dual purposes of, 97, 288 Sacraments and, 231 infertility treatments and, focus and reflection salvation from, 26, 187, 195 102–103 questions, 106 sense of, 200–201 modesty in, 133 fornication, 100, 289 seven deadly, 190, 192–193, sense of sin in, 200–201, gift of, 94–95 193, 295 205 homosexuality, 101 temporal punishment and, sexuality in, 101, 105 incest, 101, 290 257, 296 St. Thomas More as model lust, 21, 94, 97, 99–100, 192, truth about, 136, 196 for navigating, 69 292 venial sin, 187, 189, 297

sins of commission, 190, 295 Swanenburgh, Jacob van, “The Fourth sins of omission, 159, 190, 295 A Papal Procession on the Commandment,” Piazza San Pietro in Rome Catechetical Instructions of Sisters of Charity, 23 (1628), 168 St. Thomas Aquinas, 87 Sixth Commandment on freedom, 9 additional readings, 107– on grace, 247 109 T on laws, 47–48, 52, 58, 59 chastity and, 97, 99 life of, 52 focus and reflection temperance, 133, 134, 208, questions, 106 on mercy, 150 233, 238, 286, 296 gift of sexuality and, 93–97 on passions, 210 temporal punishment, 257, on prayer, 283 openness to life, 104 258, 296 on Sacraments, 263 sins against, 99–102 Ten Commandments. See truth about, 105 also great commandments; Summa Theologica, 8, 47, 52, 123, 150, 263, 283, 296 sloth, 192, 295 specific commandments St. Thomas More, 69 social doctrine. See Catholic defined, 51, 296 Social Teaching God’s offer of happiness Titian, The Virgin and Child with St. John the Baptist and socialism, 119, 121, 151 and, 33 an Unidentified Saint (ca. sociology and psychology, Jesus Christ’s perfection of, 1520), 206 201 51, 84, 94, 143, 145, 146, 195 Tkadlik, František, 71 sorcery, 67, 292 mortal sin and, 190 tolerance, 160 Spiritual Exercises (St. Mosaic Covenant and, 61 totalitarianism, 119 Ignatius of Loyal), 138 Old Law from, 51, 61, 293 Toussaint, Pierre, 116 spousal meaning of the body, Teniers, David, the Younger, 94, 165, 295 The Temptation of Saint tradition, 56, 169–170, 295 state and government, 120, Anthony (17th century), 223 Trent, Council of, 263 121, 124–125 Tenth Commandment, 127, two great commandments. stealing. See Seventh 134–135, 136, 137, 138–141 See great commandments Commandment; theft St. Teresa of Ávila, 198–199, Two Monks in a Landscape stem cell research, 82 276, 280 (ca. 1645), 135 stewards, 18, 115, 123, 295 thanksgiving, 275, 277, 296 structural sin, 120, 295 theft, 111–115, 123, 207 U subsidiarity, 114–115, 119, 121, theological virtues, 241, 296 296 Theology of the Body (St. John understanding, 272, 274, 289 suicide, 84 Paul II), 94–95 Universal Church calendar, Summa Theologica (St. Third Commandment, 68, 70 Thomas Aquinas), 8, 47, 52, 69–71, 73, 74–75 123, 150, 263, 283, 296 third orders, 271, 296 universal destination of goods, 112–114, 119, 296 superstition, 66, 296 St. Thomas Aquinas universal vocation, 33, 35, surrogacy, 102–103, 296 267–271, 281, 296

V Veronese, Paolo responding to God’s plan Allegory of Virtue and Vice and, 33, 35, 37–38, 268–269 (1581), 240 Sacraments of, 259–260 Van Gogh, Vincent, First The Baptism of Christ (ca. sainthood as, 268–269 Steps, after Millet (1890), 96 1555), 53 truth about, 281 Vatican Council II (1962– Vianney, St. John, On Envy, 1965) universal vocation, 33, 35 139 on abortion, 90 Vos, Marten de, The Last vices, 47, 236, 297 Supper (16th century), 252 on Divine Law, 58–59 Vigne, Felix de, Before on freedom, 215 Harvest (19th century), 117 Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral St. Vincent de Paul Society, W Constitution on the 83 Church in the Modern vincible ignorance, 224, 297 World, 1965), 29, 104, 115, West, Benjamin, The 216, 271 Virgin Mary, 9, 24, 173, 205, Expulsion of Adam and Eve 206, 234, 277–279, 278, 289 from Paradise (1791), 20 Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic Constitution on the virtues willful ignorance, 189 Church, 1964), 37, 173 additional reading, 246–247 wisdom, 272, 274, 289 on marriage, 109 cardinal virtues, 238, 286 witness, 37–38, 68, 128, 297 Sacrosanctum Concilium defined, 120, 236, 297 women. See gender (Constitution on the focus and reflection works of mercy, 71, 151 Sacred Liturgy, 1963), questions, 245 worship, 71, 253 264–265 freedom and, 120, 205, 206 wrath, 192, 297 on vocation, 271 growth in, 236–238 Venetsianov, Alexey, Painting human and theological, depicting the Anointing of the 233, 238, 240–242 Y Sick (1839), 256 St. John Bosco and, 191 vengeance, 156 law promoting, 47–48 YAHWEH, 67, 68, 297 venial sin, 187, 189, 297 marriage and, 260 Veritatis Splendor (papal moral practice through, encyclical, 1993) 208, 210, 224, 231 on conscience, 227–229 theological virtues, 241, 296 on freedom, 209, 215–217 vocation and, 269 on grace, 246–247 vocation on great commandments, defined, 297 164–165 focus and reflection on Jesus’s moral teaching, questions, 282 41–43, 74, 164–165 love and, 107 on law and Divine Law, 47, 58–59, 215–217 particular callings of, 271–272 on man’s purpose in glory of God, 74–75 primary, 269–271