DOCSLIB.ORG

The Effect of Foreign Aid on Political Violence: Learning from Case Studies of Nigeria and Sierra Leone

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Effect of Foreign Aid on Political Violence: Learning from Case Studies of Nigeria and Sierra Leone Ursinus College Digital Commons @ Ursinus College Politics Honors Papers Student Research 4-29-2019 The Effect of Foreign Aid on Political Violence: Learning From Case Studies of Nigeria and Sierra Leone Charlotte Rohrer Ursinus College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pol_hon Part of the African Studies Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, Economic Policy Commons, Growth and Development Commons, International Relations Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Political Economy Commons, and the Terrorism Studies Commons Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Rohrer, Charlotte, "The Effect of Foreign Aid on Political Violence: Learning From Case Studies of Nigeria and Sierra Leone" (2019). Politics Honors Papers. 9. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pol_hon/9 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Politics Honors Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Effect of Foreign Aid on Political Violence: Learning from Case Studies of Nigeria and Sierra Leone By: Charlotte Rohrer April 29, 2019 Submitted to the Faculty of Ursinus College in fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Politics and International Relations 2 Abstract Policymakers in OECD countries regularly cite reducing political violence as a fundamental purpose of foreign aid. For example, countries such as Pakistan and Iraq have received considerable amounts of aid meant to address the root causes of political violence. This project analyzes quantitative and qualitative evidence to assess whether foreign aid can reduce political violence. The quantitative and qualitative analyses study Boko Haram in Nigeria and the Revolutionary United Front in Sierra Leone to focus on regional and country-wide political violence. The study further focuses on aid projects in Sierra Leone and Nigeria as a means to reduce or curb this violence. This paper finds evidence for aid projects playing a significant role in reducing political violence or reconsolidating a country after a conflict. However, this is highly contingent on the projects addressing and adequately understanding the needs in these countries. Note: This honors thesis began as a Ursinus College Summer Fellows project in June/July 2018. Sections on the following pages are taken from Rohrer (2018): pgs. 7, 14-16, 22 3 Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 7 Can aid reduce political violence? Existing literature ................................................................................... 7 Why people engage in political violence: Theories on relative deprivation ............................................. 7 Why people engage in political violence: Theories on religious and ethnic motivation ........................ 10 Theories on the relationship between foreign aid and political violence .............................................. 12 Aid, political violence and politics ........................................................................................................... 15 The role of aid in post-conflict reconciliation ............................................................................................. 17 Negative effects of aid ............................................................................................................................ 18 Summaries of theory-generating literature ............................................................................................ 20 Theory ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 Research Design .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Sierra Leone and Nigeria: The cases ....................................................................................................... 23 Quantitative Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 25 Variables ................................................................................................................................................. 27 Qualitative Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 30 Background on Case Studies ....................................................................................................................... 31 A military response to Boko Haram by the Nigerian government .......................................................... 32 Human Rights Abuses in Nigeria ................................................................................................................. 34 A non-military approach ......................................................................................................................... 35 Sierra Leone today .................................................................................................................................. 36 Quantitative Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 38 Nigeria ..................................................................................................................................................... 38 Sierra Leone ............................................................................................................................................ 46 Summary of Quantitative Analysis .......................................................................................................... 49 Qualitative Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 51 A humanitarian approach to Boko Haram by aid organizations ............................................................. 51 Education in Nigeria ................................................................................................................................ 51 Project Success ........................................................................................................................................ 55 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 57 Poverty in Nigeria .................................................................................................................................... 58 4 Project Success ........................................................................................................................................ 61 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 64 Reconstructing Sierra Leone through aid projects ................................................................................. 65 DDR in Sierra Leone ................................................................................................................................ 66 Project Success ........................................................................................................................................ 68 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 71 Education in Sierra Leone ....................................................................................................................... 72 Project Success ........................................................................................................................................ 75 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 78 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 78 Summary and Discussion of the Qualitative Analysis ............................................................................. 79 Summary and Discussion of the Quantitative Analysis........................................................................... 80 Comparison to Expectations and Limitations in this Study .................................................................... 81 Implications of this Project ..................................................................................................................... 82 Further research ..................................................................................................................................... 84
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Profile of Internal Displacement : Sierra Leone
    PROFILE OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT : SIERRA LEONE Compilation of the information available in the Global IDP Database of the Norwegian Refugee Council (as of 15 October, 2003) Also available at http://www.idpproject.org Users of this document are welcome to credit the Global IDP Database for the collection of information. The opinions expressed here are those of the sources and are not necessarily shared by the Global IDP Project or NRC Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project Chemin Moïse Duboule, 59 1209 Geneva - Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 799 07 00 Fax: + 41 22 799 07 01 E-mail : [email protected] CONTENTS CONTENTS 1 PROFILE SUMMARY 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 CAUSES AND BACKGROUND OF DISPLACEMENT 9 BACKGROUND TO THE CONFLICT 9 CHRONOLOGY OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS SINCE INDEPENDENCE (1961 - 2000) 9 HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF THE FIRST EIGHT YEARS OF CONFLICT (1991-1998) 13 CONTINUED CONFLICT DESPITE THE SIGNING OF THE LOME PEACE AGREEMENT (JULY 1999-MAY 2000) 16 PEACE PROCESS DERAILED AS SECURITY SITUATION WORSENED DRAMATICALLY IN MAY 2000 18 RELATIVELY STABLE SECURITY SITUATION SINCE SIGNING OF CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT IN ABUJA ON 10 NOVEMBER 2000 20 CIVIL WAR DECLARED OVER FOLLOWING THE FULL DEPLOYMENT OF UNAMSIL AND THE COMPLETION OF DISARMAMENT (JANUARY 2002) 22 REGIONAL EFFORTS TO MAINTAIN PEACE IN SIERRA LEONE (2002) 23 SIERRA LEONEANS GO TO THE POLLS TO RE-ELECT AHMAD TEJAN KABBAH AS PRESIDENT (MAY 2002) 24 SIERRA LEONE’S SPECIAL COURT AND TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION START WORK (2002-2003) 25 MAIN CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT 28 COUNTRYWIDE DISPLACEMENT
    [Show full text]
  • Child Soldiers and Blood Diamonds OVERVIEW & OBJECTIVES GRADES
    Civil War in Sierra Leone: Child Soldiers and Blood Diamonds OVERVIEW & OBJECTIVES GRADES This lesson addresses the civil war in Sierra Leone to 8 illustrate the problem of child soldiers and the use of diamonds to finance the war. Students will draw TIME conclusions about the impact of the ten years civil war on the people of Sierra Leone, as well as on a boy who 4-5 class periods lived through it, by reading an excerpt from his book, A Long Way Gone. This lesson explores the concepts REQUIRED MATERIALS of civil war, conflict diamonds, and child soldiers in Sierra Leone while investigating countries of West Computer with projector Africa. Students will also examine the Rights of the Child and identify universal rights and Computer Internet access for students responsibilities. Pictures of child soldiers Poster paper and markers Students will be able to... Articles: Chapter One from A Long Way describe the effects of Sierra Leone’s civil war. Gone by Ishmael Beah; “What are Conflict analyze the connection between conflict Diamonds”; “How the Diamond Trade diamonds and child soldiers. Works”; “Rights for Every Child” analyze the role diamonds play in Africa’s civil wars Handouts: “Pre-Test on Sierra Leone”; compare their life in the United States with the “Post-Test on Sierra Leone”; “Sierra Leone lives of people in Sierra Leone. and Its Neighbors” describe the location and physical and human geography of Sierra Leone and West Africa. identify factors that affect Sierra Leone’s economic development analyze statistics to compare Sierra Leone and its neighbors. assess the Rights of the Child for Sierra Leone analyze the Rights of the Child and the responsibility to maintain the rights MINNESOTA SOCIAL STUDIES STANDARDS & BENCHMARKS Standard 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Sierra Leone Assessment
    Sierra Leone, Country Information http://194.203.40.90/ppage.asp?section=...erra%20Leone%2C%20Country%20Information SIERRA LEONE ASSESSMENT April 2002 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III HISTORY IV STATE STRUCTURES V HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VI HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VII HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS ANNEX B: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX C: PROMINENT PEOPLE REFERENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL I. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1. This assessment has been produced by the Country Information & Policy Unit, Immigration & Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a variety of sources. 1.2. The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive, nor is it intended to catalogue all human rights violations. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3. The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. 1.4. It is intended to revise the assessment on a 6-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum producing countries in the United Kingdom. 1.5. An electronic copy of the assessment has been made available to the following organisations: Amnesty International UK 1 of 43 07/11/2002 5:44 PM Sierra Leone, Country Information http://194.203.40.90/ppage.asp?section=...erra%20Leone%2C%20Country%20Information Immigration Advisory Service Immigration Appellate Authority Immigration Law Practitioners' Association Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants JUSTICE Medical Foundation for the care of Victims of Torture Refugee Council Refugee Legal Centre UN High Commissioner for Refugees 2.
    [Show full text]
  • G U I N E a Liberia Sierra Leone
    The boundaries and names shown and the designations Mamou used on this map do not imply official endorsement or er acceptance by the United Nations. Nig K o L le n o G UINEA t l e a SIERRA Kindia LEONEFaranah Médina Dula Falaba Tabili ba o s a g Dubréka K n ie c o r M Musaia Gberia a c S Fotombu Coyah Bafodia t a e r G Kabala Banian Konta Fandié Kamakwie Koinadugu Bendugu Forécariah li Kukuna Kamalu Fadugu Se Bagbe r Madina e Bambaya g Jct. i ies NORTHERN N arc Sc Kurubonla e Karina tl it Mateboi Alikalia L Yombiro Kambia M Pendembu Bumbuna Batkanu a Bendugu b Rokupr o l e Binkolo M Mange Gbinti e Kortimaw Is. Kayima l Mambolo Makeni i Bendou Bodou Port Loko Magburaka Tefeya Yomadu Lunsar Koidu-Sefadu li Masingbi Koundou e a Lungi Pepel S n Int'l Airport or a Matotoka Yengema R el p ok m Freetown a Njaiama Ferry Masiaka Mile 91 P Njaiama- Wellington a Yele Sewafe Tongo Gandorhun o Hastings Yonibana Tungie M Koindu WESTERN Songo Bradford EAS T E R N AREA Waterloo Mongeri York Rotifunk Falla Bomi Kailahun Buedu a i Panguma Moyamba a Taiama Manowa Giehun Bauya T Boajibu Njala Dambara Pendembu Yawri Bendu Banana Is. Bay Mano Lago Bo Segbwema Daru Shenge Sembehun SOUTHE R N Gerihun Plantain Is. Sieromco Mokanje Kenema Tikonko Bumpe a Blama Gbangbatok Sew Tokpombu ro Kpetewoma o Sh Koribundu M erb Nitti ro River a o i Turtle Is. o M h Sumbuya a Sherbro I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Boko Haram Example in Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon MOSES JOSEPH YAKUBU University of Benin Nigeria Yak [email protected]
    Child insurgents in West Africa: The Boko Haram example In Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon MOSES JOSEPH YAKUBU University of Benin Nigeria [email protected] Abstract One of the most shocking horrors of Boko Haram’s rampage in West Africa has been the insurgents’ ability to turn captured boys and girls into destroyers and killers. Since 2014, Boko Haram group has used hundreds of young boys and girls to terrorize north-east Nigeria and some of her northern neighbours such as Niger, Cameroon and Chad. A critical aspect of neglect in available materials on this subject is the inadequate presentation and documentation of child insurgents in Boko Haram insurgency. This study examines children’s involvement in Boko Haram insurgency. Specifically it discusses the implications of child insurgents on national development. Keywords: Boko Haram, child insurgent, Cameroon, development, insurgency, Niger, Nigeria. Introduction The involvement of children in war is a disturbing social and political phenomenon. It is a universal problem with adverse security and developmental implications in West Africa. In the 1990s and 2000s, most of the wars in Africa such as Sierra Leone, Liberia, Sudan Angola, Cote d’Ivoire and Burundi were not without children. Children under the age of 18 were coerced, manipulated and recruited into fighting forces. Despite the protection of the International Convention and Customary International Laws over children, this underaged group is still widely used in armed conflict. The most worrisome is the recent phenomenon of child insurgents in the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon. Since 2014, the use of child insurgents within the selected countries has been on the increase.1 Young boys and girls have been recruited into Boko Haram terrorist group and are designated both destructive and non-destructive roles.
    [Show full text]
  • Darfur Conflict: a Phenomenological Study of Female Victims’ Perception of Justice Careen Hutchinson Nova Southeastern University, [email protected]
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses CAHSS Theses and Dissertations and Dissertations 1-1-2017 Darfur Conflict: A Phenomenological Study of Female Victims’ Perception of Justice Careen Hutchinson Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, please click here. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Careen Hutchinson. 2017. Darfur Conflict: A Phenomenological Study of Female Victims’ Perception of Justice. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences – Department of Conflict Resolution Studies. (73) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/73. This Dissertation is brought to you by the CAHSS Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Darfur Conflict: A Phenomenological Study of Female Victims’ Perception of Justice by Careen A. Hutchinson A Dissertation Presented to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences of Nova Southeastern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nova Southeastern University 2017 Copyright © by Careen A. Hutchinson June 2017 July 18th, 2017 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the circle of family and friends who supported me throughout this academic journey.
    [Show full text]
  • War and Local Collective Action in Sierra Leone
    Journal of Public Economics 93 (2009) 1144–1157 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Public Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jpube War and local collective action in Sierra Leone John Bellows a, Edward Miguel b,⁎ a Dept. of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, USA b Dept. of Economics, 508-1 Evans Hall #3880, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3880, USA article info abstract Article history: We study the brutal 1991–2002 Sierra Leone civil war using nationally representative household data on Received 28 December 2008 conflict experiences, postwar economic outcomes, local politics and collective action. Individuals whose Received in revised form 25 July 2009 households directly experienced more intense war violence are robustly more likely to attend community Accepted 29 July 2009 meetings, more likely to join local political and community groups, and more likely to vote. Tests using Available online 21 August 2009 prewar controls and alternative samples suggest that selection into victimization is unlikely to be driving the results. More speculatively, the findings could help partially explain the rapid postwar political and economic Keywords: Civil war recoveries observed in Sierra Leone and after several other recent African civil wars. Africa © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Collective action Local public goods Sierra Leone 1. Introduction findings are consistent with the predictions of the neoclassical growth model, which predicts rapid catch-up growth postwar. This paper analyzes a novel nationally representative dataset from However, the neoclassical growth model has little to say about the postwar Sierra Leone with the goal of better understanding the short- impact of war on institutions, politics, and social norms, and it is run economic and political impacts of civil war.
    [Show full text]
  • Sierra Leone, Country Information
    Sierra Leone, Country Information SIERRA LEONE ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURES VIA HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS ANNEX B: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX C: PROMINENT PEOPLE REFERENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum / human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum / human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. These sources have been checked for currency, and as far as can be ascertained, remained relevant and up to date at the time the document was issued. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. 2. GEOGRAPHY 2.1 The Republic of Sierra Leone covers an area of 71,740 sq km (27,699 sq miles) and borders Guinea and Liberia.
    [Show full text]
  • Sierra Leone
    Transitional Justice and DDR: The Case of Sierra Leone Mohamed Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma Research Unit International Center for Transitional Justice June 2009 ICTJ | Transitional Justice and DDR: The Case of Sierra Leone Transitional Justice and DDR Project This research project examines the relationship between disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programs and transitional justice measures. It explores the manifold ways in which DDR programs may contribute to, or hinder, the achievement of justice-related aims. The project seeks not only to learn how DDR programs to date have connected (or failed to connect) with transitional justice measures but to begin to articulate how future programs ought to link with transitional justice aims. The project is managed by Ana Patel, Deputy Director of the Policymakers and Civil Society Unit at the ICTJ. For more, visit www.ictj.org/en/research/projects/ddr/index.html. Acknowledgements The International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) wishes to thank the Federal Public Service of Foreign Affairs of the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Finland, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Sweden, whose financial contributions made this research project possible. About the Authors Mohamed Suma is currently Programme Director of the Sierra Leone Court Monitoring Programme, a partner organization of the International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ). He has also been serving as a consultant for the ICTJ in Sierra Leone since 2005. From 2002 to 2004, he worked as Outreach Associate at the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone.
    [Show full text]
  • SCSL Press Clippings
    SPECIAL COURT FOR SIERRA LEONE PRESS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE Pupils of Promise Land and Sierra International Schools visited the court yesterday. PRESS CLIPPINGS Enclosed are clippings of local and international press on the Special Court and related issues obtained by the Press and Public Affairs Office as at Thursday, 15 June 2006 Press clips are produced Monday through Friday. Any omission, comment or suggestion, please contact Martin Royston -Wright Ext 7217 2 Local News At Special Court … Kabbah 2 - Norman 1 / Exclusive Page 3 Kabbah Escapes Special Court / Awoko Page 4 Special Court Declines Kabbah’s Appearance / Christian Monitor Page 5 President of Sierra Leone Will not be Forced to Testify … / Awareness Times Page 6 Decision of the Special Court for Sierra Leone on Norman & Fofana Subpoena …/ Awareness… Page 6 International News Britain Says Would Jail Former Liberian Warlord Charles Taylor if Convicted / Reuters Page 7 UK Agrees to Jail Charles Taylor / BBC Online Page 8 Special Court : Subpoena Against Kabbah Denied! / Patriotic Vanguard website Page 9 Encouraging Progress Seen in Liberia but Security Remains Fragile says Annan / UN News Page 10 Taylor’s Men Besiege Party Headquarters / African News Dimension Page 11 UNMIL Public Information Office Media Summary / UNMIL Pages 12 – 15 Prosecutor in UN-backed War Crimes Court Sees Multiple Darfur Prosecutions / UN News Page 16 3 Exclusive Thursday, 15 June 2006 4 Awoko Thursday, 15 June 2006 5 Christian Monitor Thursday, 15 June 2006 Special Court Declines Kabbah’s Appearance 6 Awareness Times (Online Edition) Wednesday, 14 June 2006 http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/printer_20052716.shtml Breaking News President of Sierra Leone will not be forced to testify in front of Special Court By Awareness Times Wednesday, 14 June 2006 The Special Court for Sierra Leone has reached a decision on the Moinina Fofana / Hingha Norman motion to subpoena the President of Sierra Leone, His Excellency Alhaji Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Internship Final Report
    UNICEF ROLE TO OVERCOME THE RECRUITMENT OF CHILDREN SOLDIER IN ARMED CONFLICT STATE: STUDY ON SIERRA LEONE CIVIL WAR 1991-2002 By Dyah Ayu Antik Arjanti 016201100101 A thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities President University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor’s Degree in international Relations Major in Diplomacy Studies 2015 THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER This thesis entitled “UNICEF ROLE IN OVERCOME THE IMPACT OF CHILD SOLDIERS RECRUITMENT IN ARMED CONFLICT STATE: STUDY ON SIERRA LEONE CIVIL WAR 1991-2002" prepared and submitted by Dyah Ayu Antik Arjanti in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of (title degree) in the Faculty of Business and International Relations has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a thesis fit to be examined. I therefore recommend this thesis for Oral Defense. Cikarang, Indonesia, 28 January 2015 Dr. Endi Haryono, M.Si DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this thesis, entitled “UNICEF ROLE IN OVERCOME THE IMPACT OF CHILD SOLDIERS RECRUITMENT IN ARMED CONFLICT STATE: STUDY ON SIERRA LEONE CIVIL WAR 1991-2002" is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, Indonesia, 28 January 2015 Dyah Ayu Antik Arjanti PRESIDENT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, COMMUNICATIONS AND LAW MAJORING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (DIPLOMACY) Dyah Ayu Antik Arjanti 016201100101 UNICEF ROLE IN OVERCOME THE IMPACT OF CHILD SOLDIERS RECRUITMENT IN ARMED CONFLICT STATE: STUDY ON SIERRA LEONE CIVIL WAR 1991-2002 ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the role of UNICEF as International Organization in addressing issues of children soldiers in Sierra Leone.
    [Show full text]
  • It a Case Study of the Sierra Leone Conflict (1985- 2002)
    It DIAMOND RESOURCES AND CONFLICTS IN AFRICA: A CASE STUDY OF THE SIERRA LEONE CONFLICT (1985- 2002) BY TWALIB ABDALLAH MBARAK C50/P/8554/2004 A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF A MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN ARMED CONFLICT AND PEACE STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2009 DECLARATION THIS IS MY ORIGINAL WORK AND TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, HAS NOT BEEN PRESENTED FOR A DEGREE IN ANY OTHER UNIVERSITY Q (ll __ TWALIB ABDALLAH MBARAK THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED WITH OUR APPROVAL AS UNIVERSITY SUPERVISORS 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my thanks to my wife who in the year 2001 fully encouraged and supported me to join the University of Nairobi as a self-sponsored student. That is the time when I started my diploma in “armed conflict studies” and began developing an interest in issues of peace and armed conflict thus decided to pursue further studies. This project paper is a culmination of this endeavor. I have managed to reach this stage as a result of the support from my family and the lecturers at the Department of History and in particular my supervisors Prof. Vincent G. Simiyu and Dr George Gona. I do also thank all Kenyan military officers who accepted to be interviewed for the purpose of this research. These officers had served in Sierra Leone under UNAMSIL. I also thank all those who in one way or another helped me in carrying out this research. It will be difficult to mention each of them by name. It is my hope that this project will add value to the quest of managing armed conflicts in the world and specifically in Sub -Saharan Africa.
    [Show full text]