DOCSLIB.ORG

QTL Mapping of Powdery Mildew Susceptibility in Hop (Humulus Lupulus L.)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
QTL Mapping of Powdery Mildew Susceptibility in Hop (Humulus Lupulus L.) QTL mapping of powdery mildew susceptibility in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) John A. Henning, M. Shaun Townsend, David H. Gent, Nahla Bassil, Paul Matthews, Emily Buck & Ron Beatson Euphytica International Journal of Plant Breeding ISSN 0014-2336 Volume 180 Number 3 Euphytica (2011) 180:411-420 DOI 10.1007/ s10681-011-0403-4 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. 1 23 Author's personal copy Euphytica (2011) 180:411–420 DOI 10.1007/s10681-011-0403-4 QTL mapping of powdery mildew susceptibility in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) John A. Henning • M. Shaun Townsend • David H. Gent • Nahla Bassil • Paul Matthews • Emily Buck • Ron Beatson Received: 13 October 2010 / Accepted: 28 February 2011 / Published online: 15 March 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. (outside the USA) 2011 Abstract Hop powdery mildew [Podosphaera mac- was extracted, purified and analyzed via three ularis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takam.] is best different marker systems. Analysis of the resulting controlled via the production of resistant varieties. markers was based upon the ‘‘two-way pseudo- Recent evidence supports selection against plant testcross’’ procedure. QTL mapping using multiple susceptibility genes to fungal pathogens as a more interval mapping and Bayesian interval mapping durable resistance mechanism than selection for analyses were performed using WinQTL Cartogra- resistance genes. The objective of this study was to pher 2.5_003. Comparison amongst mapping analy- identify molecular-based QTLs, their genetic effects ses identified three persistent QTLs on three linkage and epistasis among QTLs associated with suscepti- groups without significant epistatic effect upon bility to powdery mildew. Parents and offspring from expression. The persistent QTL on linkage group the cross, ‘Perle’ 9 ‘USDA 19058M’, were clonally C7 had both additive and dominant effects control- replicated and inoculated in a greenhouse using a ling phenotype expression. The presence or absence CRD experimental design in Corvallis, OR. DNA of the two AFLP markers bordering the QTL on C7 defined susceptibility in offspring. This is the first report in hop identifying molecular markers linked to J. A. Henning (&) Á D. H. Gent QTLs associated with disease susceptibility. USDA-ARS-Forage Seed Crop Research Unit, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA e-mail: [email protected] Keywords AFLP Á DArT Á Humulus lupulus Á Microsatellite Á Powdery mildew Á QTL mapping Á M. S. Townsend S-genes Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA N. Bassil Introduction USDA-ARS-NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA A critical problem facing the U.S. hop (Humulus P. Matthews lupulus L.) industry is the need for hop varieties Hopsteiner, S. S. Steiner, 655 Madison Ave, providing superior brewing quality and possessing New York, NY 10065, USA resistance to powdery mildew. Resistance to powdery mildew [Podosphaera macularis (Wallr.) U. Braun & E. Buck Á R. Beatson Plant & Food Research, Auckland Mail Centre, S. Takam] in hop was described by Mahaffee et al. Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand (2009) as having eight genetic sources of qualitative 123 Author's personal copy 412 Euphytica (2011) 180:411–420 or ‘‘gene-for-gene’’ resistance as defined by Flor performs a simultaneous search for epistasis between (1971). These R-genes were designated as R1–R7 and QTLs. This results in a more refined model than that Rb gene (blistering gene), and were identified in a obtained by any of the previously described analyses. range of eight hop genotypes. Neither the function of, Finally, Satagopan et al. (1996) reported on a nor enzymes encoded for these R-genes have been Bayesian approach, Bayesian interval mapping determined or cloned. Two R-genes, R2 and Rb, have (BIM), to identify the best combination of QTLs been associated with linked AFLP molecular markers delineating the best-fit genetic model. BIM utilizes through bulked segregate analysis followed by seg- Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to regation analysis between markers of interest and simultaneously identify multiple QTLs and the impact resistance in a mapping population (Seigner et al. of their effect. The benefit of this mapping procedure 2005; Seefelder et al. 2006). Plant resistance to is that no a priori assumptions are made concerning powdery mildew based upon the cultivars ‘Wye interactions between loci and the resulting set of Target’ (R2-gene) and ‘Buket’ (Rb gene) are impor- QTLs. tant for disease management in Germany (Seigner A few peer-reviewed studies have reported genetic et al. 2005). However, R2 and Rb-mediated resis- mapping in hop. Seefelder et al. (2000) were the first to tance appear to be easily overcome by most strains of publish hop genomic maps while attempting to identify P. macularis in the USA. Specific germplasm and linkage groups associated with expression of male varieties released by the USDA have strong resis- flowers. This group utilized a ‘‘two-way pseudo- tance to P. macularis races currently present in the testcross’’ (Grattapaglia and Sederoff 1994) to develop USA (‘Nugget’, Haunold et al. 1984;’Newport’, male and female maps. No QTL analyses or statistical Henning et al. 2004; ‘19058M’ Haunold 1988). association tests were reported but a single linkage Nonetheless, selection in the field for resistance is group reportedly ‘‘co-segregated’’ with the expression hampered by type-II errors with the result that of male flowers. Koie et al. (2005) reported a QTL multiple inoculations across environments and years mapping study on bittering resin components in hop. are necessary to accurately ascertain resistance levels. Genetic linkage maps for female line and male line Development and implementation of a marker were constructed. Twelve QTLs were detected for assisted selection scheme (MAS) using markers seven of the nine chemical components. Cerenak et al. identified by QTL mapping strategies would improve (2006, 2009a, b) reported QTL analyses for alpha acid both speed of selection as well as accuracy. levels and yield components. A single major-effect Initial studies by Beckmann and Soller (1988)as QTL was identified for alpha acid levels while QTLs well as Luo and Kearsey (1989) reported on analytical for yield components were also identified on linkage techniques to associate molecular markers with phe- group one. notypic traits. Lander and Botstein’s (1989) refined The authors are not aware of any peer-reviewed these techniques by describing ‘‘interval mapping’’ manuscripts reporting on QTL-mapping studies for (IM) whereby single QTLs are placed along a linear powdery mildew resistance or susceptibility in hop. A map of markers previously placed on individual recent review by Pavans et al. (2010) argued the linkage groups. Composite interval mapping (CIM; importance of selection against susceptibility to fungal Zeng 1993, 1994) utilizes interval mapping combined pathogens as a more durable and broad spectrum with multiple regression to restrict influences caused mechanism for resistance. The authors point out that by linked or unlinked QTLs. No consideration for some pathogen effectors act by suppressing the host epistatic effects between multiple QTLs is included in plant’s immunity by turning on effector targets whose any of these analyses. Mackay (2001) pointed out that action lie in functioning as negative regulators of plant epistatic effects are quite common between QTLs immunity. By disrupting the function of this type of associated with the expression of a specific trait. effectors’ with negative regulation, a release of the Estimation of epistatic effects in QTL mapping plant’s suppression of disease response activities is analyses along with simultaneous mapping of multi- triggered—ultimately leading to resistance as sup- ple QTLs was first reported by Kao et al. (1999). pression of disease response by the pathogen is no Multiple interval mapping (MIM; Kao et al. 1999) longer possible. Pavans et al. (2010) provides an first locates all possible QTLs, then defines and extensive list of documented cases where this 123 Author's personal copy Euphytica (2011) 180:411–420 413 observation has been studied. No evidence of such a inoculum to minimize lysis of conidia before the plant disease resistance mechanism has been docu- inoculated plants were placed in a greenhouse mented in hop. maintained at approximately 20°C with a 14 h In this study we observed segregation for resis- photoperiod. Plants of cultivar ‘Symphony’ were tance versus susceptibility to powdery mildew across included in each inoculation as positive controls to 124 offspring from the cross between the powdery verify the infectivity of the inoculum. mildew-susceptible German variety ‘Perle’ and the After 10 days of incubation (two latent periods on resistant USDA-ARS male line ‘19058M’. Plant the variety Symphony), plants were rated using a six- resistance based upon genes from 19058M has not step ordinal scale of 0–5, where 0 = no disease been overcome since powdery mildew was
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Direct Analysis of Hops by Leaf Spray and Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-2012 Direct Analysis of Hops by Leaf Spray and Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Kari Blain Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Blain, Kari, "Direct Analysis of Hops by Leaf Spray and Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry" (2012). Master's Theses. 100. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/100 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIRECT ANALYSIS OF HOPS BY LEAF SPRAY AND PAPER SPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY Kari Blain, M.S. Western Michigan University, 2012 The objective of this research is to develop a new and innovative method of hops analysis, which is much faster than standard testing methods, as well as reduce the amount of consumables and solvent used. A detailed discussion on the development of an ambient ionization mass spectrometry method called paper spray (PS-MS) and leaf spray (LS-MS) mass spectrometry will be presented. This research investigates the use of PS-MS and LS-MS techniques to determine the α- and β- acids present in hops. PS-MS and LS-MS provide a fast way to analyze hops samples by delivering data as rapidly as a UV-Vis measurement while providing information similar to lengthy liquid chromatographic separations. The preliminary results shown here indicate that PS-MS could be used to determine cohumulone and α/β ratios.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phased, Diploid Assembly of the Cascade Hop (Humulus Lupulus) Genome Reveals Patterns of Selection and Haplotype Variation
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/786145; this version posted September 28, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. A phased, diploid assembly of the Cascade hop (Humulus lupulus) genome reveals patterns of selection and haplotype variation Lillian K. Padgitt-Cobb1, Sarah B. Kingan2, Jackson Wells3, Justin Elser6, Brent Kronmiller3, Daniel Moore4, Gregory Concepcion2, Paul Peluso2, David Rank2, Pankaj Jaiswal6, John Henning4*, David A. Hendrix1,5* 1 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University 2 Pacific Biosciences of California, 3 CGRB, Oregon State University 4 USDA ARS 5 School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University 6 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University * to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected], [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/786145; this version posted September 28, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Abstract Hop (Humulus lupulus L. var Lupulus) is a diploid, dioecious plant with a history of cultivation spanning more than one thousand years. Hop cones are valued for their use in brewing, and around the world, hop has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments.
    [Show full text]
  • Hops – a Guide for New Growers 2017
    Hops – a guide for new growers 2017 growers new – a guide for Hops Hops a guide for new growers FIRST EDITION 2017 first edition 2017 Author: Kevin Dodds www.dpi.nsw.gov.au Hops a guide for new growers Kevin Dodds Development Officer – Temperate Fruits NSW Department of Primary industries ©NSW Department of Primary Industries 2017 Published by NSW Department of Primary Industries, a part of NSW Department of Industry, Skills and Regional Development You may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with this publication for any purpose, provided that you attribute NSW Department of Industry, Skills and Regional Development as the owner. However, you must obtain permission if you wish to charge others for access to the publication (other than at cost); include the publication advertising or a product for sale; modify the publication; or republish the publication on a website. You may freely link to the publication on a departmental website. First published March 2017 ISBN print: 978‑1‑76058‑007‑0 web: 978‑1‑76058‑008‑7 Always read the label Users of agricultural chemical products must always read the Job number 14293 label and any permit before using the product and strictly comply with the directions on the label and the conditions of Author any permit. Users are not absolved from any compliance with Kevin Dodds, Development Officer Temperate Fruits the directions on the label or the conditions of the permit NSW Department of Primary Industries by reason of any statement made or omitted to be made in 64 Fitzroy Street TUMUT NSW 2720 this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • International Hop Growers Convention
    INTERNATIONAL HOP GROWERS’ CONVENTION ECONOMIC COMMISSION - SUMMARY REPORTS VIDEO-CALL NOVEMBER, 2020 International Hop Growers’ Convention IHGC - Economic Commission Summary Reports Video-Call - November 9, 2020 Hop Acreage 2019 Hop Production 2019 Alpha Hop Acreage 2020 Hop Production 2020 Alpha Country (Hectares, Ha) (in MT = 1.000 kg) acid (Hectares, Ha) (in MT = 1.000 kg) acid Prod. estimations estimations Prod. Aroma Alpha Hop area' New Total Aroma Alpha Total MT Aroma Alpha Hop area' New Total Aroma Alpha Total MT Argentina 118 56 174 0 174 188 78 266 23 127 59 186 11 186 230 101 331 28 Australia° 476 176 652 48 700 1 385 260 1 645 224 548 152 700 43 743 1 478 236 1 714 255 Austria 194 58 253 3 253 368 124 492 37 197 58 255 5 255 360 117 487 39 Belgium 124 58 182 0 182 172 124 296 24 124 58 182 0 182 154 122 276 21 Canada° 219 200 419 0 419 329 300 629 63 200 150 350 0 350 329 300 525 53 China° 400 2 283 2 683 0 2 683 544 6 500 7 044 600 360 2 000 2 360 0 2 360 544 6 500 7 044 600 Czech Republic 4 706 49 4 755 248 5 003 6 991 154 7 145 285 4 635 61 4 696 270 4 966 5 830 120 5 950 265 France 424 42 466 39 505 728 94 822 25 413 48 460 40 500 672 95 767 31 Germany 10 860 8 913 19 773 644 20 417 22 584 25 888 48 472 5 260 10 973 9 154 20 127 579 20 706 21 400 25 600 47 000 5 400 Japan° 53 53 106 0 106 82 120 202 25 53 53 106 0 106 82 120 202 25 New Zealand° 598 145 743 331 743 780 239 1 019 100 598 145 743 331 743 1 000 250 1 250 115 Poland 636 1 020 1 656 106 1 762 1 293 2 476 3 765 317 650 1 111 1 761 30 1 791 1 155 2 262 3 417 354
    [Show full text]
  • Crp 305 Crop Genetics and Breeding
    CRP 305 CROP GENETICS AND BREEDING NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 1 COURSE CODE: CRP 305 COURSE TITLE: CROPS GENETICS AND BREEDING COURSE DEVELOPER: COURSE WRITER: PROFESSOR LATEEF LEKAN BELLO DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BREEDING AND SEED SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MAKURDI BENUE STATE COURSE EDITOR: COURSE CO-ORDINATOR: 2 COURSE GUIDE CRP 305 CROP GENETICS AND BREEDING 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction What you will learn in this course Course Aims Course Objectives Course Requirements Course Materials Study Units Textbooks and References Assessment Tutor Marked Assignment Final Examination and Grading Summary 4 INTRODUCTION CRP 305 Crop Genetics and Breeding is a one semester two (2) credit units course designed for undergraduate students in 300 Level. The course consists of three major parts, with five modules and eighteen 18 units. In writing this study guide, I have given primary consideration to the students‟ background. It has been assumed that students usually enroll in the crop genetics and breeding course after they have completed courses in botany, genetics statistics and other related courses in agriculture. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE CRP 305 – Crop genetics and breeding consists of five major components arranged in modules. The first module which is on crop genetics and breeding will introduce you to the concept of what: a. Crop breeding is, and the purpose is suppose to serve. b. Plant cell concepts, gene symbols which will help you to understand Mendel‟s experiments and Law of Inheritance. c. Differences between qualitative and quantitative traits constitute. The study in the second module: You shall learn about heritability and selection responses.
    [Show full text]
  • PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran ______
    CHAPTER 4 _____________________________________________________________________ PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran _____________________________________________________________________ WHAT IS PLANT BREEDING AND WHY DO IT? Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance, or be less prone to lodging. Ideally, it will have a new combination of attributes which are significantly better than the varieties already available. The new variety will be a new combination of genes which the plant breeder has put together from those available in the gene pool of that species. It may contain only genes already existing in other varieties of the same crop, or it may contain genes from other distant plant relatives, or genes from unrelated organisms inserted by biotechnological means. The breeder will have employed a range of techniques to produce the new variety. The new gene combination will have been chosen after the breeder first created, and then eliminated, thousands of others of poorer performance. This chapter is concerned with describing some of the more important genetic principles that define how plant breeding occurs and the techniques breeders use. Plant breeding is time-consuming and costly. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will produce a new variety regularly, every couple of years or so. Each variety will be an incremental improvement upon older varieties or may, in rarer circumstances, be a quantum improvement due to some novel gene, the use of some new technique or a response to a new pest or disease.
    [Show full text]
  • The Feasibility of Using Diploid by Tetraploid Crosses to Obtain Triploid Hops
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Jeanine Streeter De Noma for the degree of Master of Science in Crop Science presented on November 4, 1994. Title: The Feasibility of Using Diploid by Tetraploid Crosses to Obtain Triploid Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: r. Alfred Haunold The hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a dioecious, diploid (2n=2x=20) species. Triploid hops (2n=3x=30) are easily obtained from tetraploid by diploid crosses and are preferred because of their natural seedlessness and increased vigor. The female inflorescence is used for flavoring beer. Because brewers require product consistency, the brewing characteristics of a new aroma-type hop must closely match the variety it is intended to replace while showing improved adaptation and agronomic traits. Since triploid offspring should more closely resemble the tetraploid parent from which they receive two-thirds of their genetic material, breeders have traditionally selected known varieties to be the tetraploid parent with the expectation this will increase the likelihood of obtaining progeny with similar brewing chemistry. Tetraploid female parents are obtained through colchicine treatment of desirable diploid varieties. Naturally occurring tetraploid seedlings, sometimes found among the offspring of tetraploid by diploid crosses, if suitable for breeding, could eliminate the tedious colchicine treatment process now used to obtain tetraploids. Two such tetraploid males were obtained from an Oregon cross in 1983. Since these two tetraploid males had attractive quality traits similar to other males in the USDA germplasm collection with a proven history of producing aroma-type progeny, they were thought to be suitable for use in a polyploid breeding program for aroma hops.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington Hop Commission Hop Growers of America Hop Growers Of
    Washington Hop Commission Hop Growers of America Hop Growers of Washington US Hop Industry Plant Protection Committee >>> 2018 KEY EVENTS <<< BREWCON (Sydney, Australia) Annual Meeting & JUN American Hop Convention, Hop Growers of America TU Berlin 26-28 CBC (Palm Desert, CA) (Berlin, Germany) (Nashville, TN) JAN APR 30 JUN 24-26 - MAY 3 5 JUN 6 MAR 7-8 MAY Doemens Brewing JAN School Seminar Hill visits in D.C. w/ BA & HRC 18 (Munich, Germany) 5 (Washington, D.C.) Annual Meeting, Hop Growers of Washington (Yakima) IHGC Executive Commiee (Paris, France) A Look Back at 2018 In an effort to demonstrate to members what is being done on their behalf throughout the year, Washington Hop Commission staff have put together this report to communicate a com- prehensive Annual Report for work done for all of the organizations they work on behalf of: the Washington Hop Commission, Hop Growers of America, Hop Growers of Washington, and the U.S. Hop Industry Plant Protection Commiee. As many efforts benefit multiple parties, we have not sectioned this off by organization, but the report has been organized by different themes – International Markets, Technical & Regu- latory work, Staff & Office Changes, etc. 2 CERIA (Brussels, Belgium) Heriot-Wa Brewing School Seminar (Edinburgh, Scotland) OCT Eastern Europe 12 Cra Brewing Seminar NOV (Prague, Czech Republic) 6 JUL IHGC 31 NOV Executive Commiee (Nurem- OCT 7 berg, Germany) IHGC 24-27 Executive Commiee (Leon, Spain) NOV Warsaw Beer Festival 12 (Warsaw, Poland) NOV 8 NOV Weihenstephan TUM Brewing 13-15 School Seminar (Munich, Germany) BrauBeviale, Trade Show & Tasting Seminar Contents: (Nuremburg, Germany) INFRASTRUCTURE .........................................
    [Show full text]
  • My Brewery Experience
    Multi-award-winning magazine of the Bristol & District and Bath & Borders branches of CAMRA, the Campaign for Real Ale No. 115 Autumn 2017 PINTS WEST My Brewery Experience Day Contents Page 22 BADRAG (rare ales group) Page 24 Bath & Borders pub news Snuffy Jack’s Ale House Page 28 Bath Winter Ales Festival Page 46 Bristol Beer Week Page 34 Bristol Pubs Group off to a flying start Page 51 CAMRA diaries & contacts Page 42 CAMRA Good Beer Guide ristol’s third micropub – Snuffy Jack’s Ale House in Fishponds – INTS WES Page 48 CAMRA ladies opened at noon on the 24th June 2017 and has instantly proven Page 49 CAMRA young(ish) members Breally popular, building up a good level of trade and many P T Page 44 Champion Beer of Britain regular customers, despite a high number of other pubs and bars The multi-award-winning magazine of the Bristol & District Page 10 My brewery experience day nearby. The building was previously Osbournes Stationers and then a branch of CAMRA, the Campaign for Real Ale, plus the Bath Page 41 Portishead short-lived firework shop. & Borders branch Page 32 Shine on Westbury-on-Trym Brought to you entirely by unpaid volunteers Page 45 Toulouse The name relates to a former head miller at the nearby Snuff Mills. Ten thousand copies of Pints West are distributed free to Co-owners Johnny Fallon (on the right in the middle photo) from Page 3 Snuffy Jack’s micropub Manchester and Dave Sibley from Northampton met in the Royal Navy hundreds of pubs in and around the cities of Bristol and Bath Page 39 Weston-super-Mare news many years ago and have now settled in Bristol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Barth-Report
    THE BARTH-REPORT HOPS 2017/2018 CONTENTS Publishing details 2 Poland 20 World market basic data 2 England 21 Foreword 3 France 21 Political situation 4 European Union 5 Country reports 2017 crop/America Economic situation 6 USA 22 Top 40 breweries 7 Beer output development 8 Country reports 2017 crop/Asia World beer production 2016/2017 9 China 27 Hop varieties – International standard 10 Hop alpha acid production 10 Country reports 2018 crop/Australia/Oceania Alpha acid balance 11 Australia 28 Market analysis 12 Hop forward contract rates 13 Hop plant development 2018 28 Development 2006 – 2017 13 Outlook 2018 29 World hop acreage and crop 2016/2017 14 Key data (USA, China, Japan, Germany) 30 Country reports 2017 crop/Europe Currency exchange rates 30 Germany 15 Conversion table weights and measures 30 Czech Republic 18 Members of the Barth-Haas Group 31 Slovenia 19 Hop Flavourist Course 32 PUBLISHING DETAILS Publisher: Joh. Barth & Sohn GmbH & Co KG, Layout: Lingner Marketing GmbH, Fuerth Freiligrathstrasse 7/9, 90482 Nuremberg Cover: Lingner Marketing GmbH, Fuerth Project responsibility: Stephan J. Barth, Print: Pinsker Druck und Medien GmbH, Mainburg Managing Partner, Nuremberg Editor: Heinrich Meier, Georgensgmuend Nuremberg, July 2018 WORLD MARKET BASIC DATA Hop area under Hop production Hop alpha production Beer production cultivation in ha in mt in mt in m hl 118,401 112,125 11,248 1,951 1,952 58,739 56,137 10,533 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 9.0 % 4.6 % 28.3 % 5.6 % 35.7 % 6.8 % -0.5 % 0.1 % Hops 17/18 2 FOREWORD Hop Esperanto – a common aroma language for hops Hops delight brewers and beer drinkers in equal Both the stimuli and the impressions triggered can be measure! And this passion among those obsessed classified, even if the approaches so far have tended to with hops to discover and brew all the aromas and be less than satisfactory.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2019 Vol
    50635 FCB PROOF_LoResPDF 1 10_29_2019 TM La portraitA of livingND & working in ruralS AmericaC APEwinterS 2019 50635 FCB PROOF_LoResPDF 1 10_29_2019 LANDSCAPES Winter 2019 Vol. 22, No. 2 Ag New Mexico Brett Valentine, CEO Contributing Editor: agnewmexico.com Chi Robb AgTexas FCS Tim McDonald, CEO Contributing Editor: agtexas.com Carolyn Brand Alabama Ag Credit Douglas Thiessen, CEO Contributing Editors: alabamaagcredit.com Amber Pratt/Brooklyn George Alabama Farm Credit Mel Koller, CEO Contributing Editors: alabamafarmcredit.com Wendy Tysinger Samantha Southerland Capital Farm Credit Ben R. Novosad, CEO Contributing Editor: capitalfarmcredit.com Tanya Foerster Central Texas Farm Credit Boyd Chambers, CEO Contributing Editor: ranchmoney.com Jennifer Spraberry Legacy Ag Credit Derrell Chapman, CEO Contributing Editor: legacyaca.com Amy Rayzor Lone Star Ag Credit William Melton, Interim CEO Contributing Editor: lonestaragcredit.com Karen Doskocil Louisiana Land Bank Stephen Austin, CEO Contributing Editor: louisianalandbank.com Tyra Knight Mississippi Land Bank Craig B. Shideler, CEO Contributing Editor: mslandbank.com Jessica Smith Plains Land Bank Gregg Lloyd, CEO Contributing Editor: plainslandbank.com Shandi Russell Southern AgCredit Joe Hayman, CEO Contributing Editor: southernagcredit.com Lylla Joe Texas Farm Credit Mark Miller, CEO Contributing Editors: texasfcs.com Ivory Good/Kacy Land CONTRIBUTORS Writers: Katrina Huffstutler, Mark Johnson, Sheryl Smith- Rodgers Photographers: Gary Clark, Larry Ditto, Debra Ferguson/ Southern Images, Brooklyn George, Mark Johnson, Al Key, Terry O’Neal, Shannon Richardson, Zach Ryall, Patty Stewart, Jeff Tesney, Laurie Tolboom-Martin Landscapes is distributed free to Texas Farm Credit District Gary Clark customers and friends. To change your address, send your old address label and your new address to Landscapes, Farm Credit MAGAZINE STAFF Bank of Texas, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • HOPS in the HOME GARDEN Leonard Cicerello and Kim Wilson, UC Master Gardeners
    HOPS IN THE HOME GARDEN Leonard Cicerello and Kim Wilson, UC Master Gardeners Hops in the Home Garden Hop (Humulus lupulus) is a perennial deciduous climbing plant grown for its cone shaped flowers which are used in beer brewing. The Pacific Northwest leads the country in the commercial production of hops with 99% of the country’s hops grown in Washington, Idaho and Oregon. 53,000 acres of hops were harvested nationwide in 2017 (USDA) with only 130 acres from California. There is renewed interest in hop farming in California due to the current popularity of local craft beer and hoppy beer varieties. Photo credit: UCANR The Hop Plant The hop plant is technically a bine not a vine since it climbs with the aid of stiff hooked hairs on its stem. It is dioecious, meaning it has separate male and female plants. Only the mature flowers or cones from the female plant contain lupulin glands with the acids valued in beer brewing. Male plants are not necessary for cone production in female plants. They can grow 4- 10 inches/day, up to 18-25 feet in a season. The plants have a pine-like aroma and can live 20 to 35 years. Varieties There are hundreds of hop varieties worldwide. Hops are classified as bittering, aromatic or landscape varieties. Choose the cultivar based on its intended use. Bittering hops have higher levels of alpha acids imparting bitterness to the beer. Bittering cultivars include: Chinook, Columbus, Nugget, Sorace Ace. Aromatic hops give beers their unique aroma and flavor. Examples include: Cascade, Centennial, Fuggle, Mt Hood, Willamette.
    [Show full text]