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Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Plantations Working Papers ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF EUCALYPTS Compilation from English, French and Spanish Literature Between 1985-1994 Revised (Combined) Edition March 2003 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FP/16E Forest Resources Division FAO, Rome (Italy) Forestry Department 1 DISCLAIMER The Forest Plantation Working Papers report on issues and activities in forest plantations which do not reflect any official position of FAO. Please refer to the FAO website (http://www.fao.org/forestry/Forestry.asp) for official information. For further information, comments or feedback please contact: Mr. Jim Carle, Senior Forestry Officer (Plantations and Protection), Forest Resources Development Service Forest Resources Division Forestry Department FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla I-00100 Rome (Italy) e-mail: [email protected] For quotation: FAO (2002). Annotated bibliography on environmental, social and economic impacts of Eucalypts (Spanish Version), Forest Plantations Working Papers, Working Paper 16. Forest Resources Development Service, Forest Resources Division. FAO, Rome (unpublished). 2 This Working Paper is based on information originally published in three separate annotated bibliographies (FAO 1995). These covered, respectively, English, French and Spanish language literature. The original documents, which are still frequently requested, are presently out of print. Rather than re-printing the three documents, it was decided to assemble the information under one cover to facilitate access and use. While the format and style in this new Working Paper have been streamlined, the annotations are maintained in the original language. The present Working Paper is complemented by Working Paper 17, in which an attempt was made in October, 1999 to further up-date the information in the subject, targeting a meeting on the environmental effects of species of the genus Eucalyptus, held that year in Mexico City. We are aware of the fact that the documentation contained in Working Papers 16 and 17 is far from complete. We would much welcome comments and additional inputs and references. 3 FOREWORD FAO Forestry Paper no. 59 "The ecological effects of Eucalyptus" (1985) included an extensive bibliography concerned mainly with the environmental effects of Eucalyptus spp. plantations. Since then there has been an enormous output of studies published on the impacts of plantations of the eucalypts, with more emphasis on their social and economic as well as their ecological effects. This annotated bibliography was prepared to update that produced in 1985 and to include references to the social and economic impacts of Eucalyptus spp. plantations. It was originally drafted for the expert consultation on Eucalytpus held in Bangkok in October 1993 by Mr Shyam Sunder, who prepared from it an overview of the environmental, economic and social effects of Eucalyptus plantations for the consultation. It is hoped that foresters and others concerned with Eucalyptus spp. plantations in the tropics and sub-tropics will find it a useful list. Those with access to CAB Abstracts or the AGRIS database may find some references from other sources that are new to them, but the main target audience consists of foresters who do not have access to computer-aided data retrieval systems who can use this list to request publications referred to here. The literature references were collected by Mr. S. Sunder Ms. Laura Russo (English literature: CD Rom, CAB, AGRIS, universities, research institutes, forestry departments and FAO libraries), Ms. C. Duhem (French literature : CAB, PASCAL, AGRITROP, SESAME, VELLEDA, CAB and AGRIS) and Mr. S. Bará Temes (Spanish literature: CAB, AGRIS). In instances when the bibliographic researchers did not have access to original literature, they referred to the abstracts. 4 LIST OF ACRONYMS AFRI Forest management and Industrial Reforestation, France (Aménagement forestier et reboisement industriel) AFNOR French Association for normalization (Association française de normalisation) APREFA Association for the Promotion of Teaching and Training, France (Association pour la promotion de l’ enseignement et de la formation, France) ARMEF Forestry mechanisation Annals (Annales de Mécanisation Forestière, France) CATIE Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Centre CEE European Economic Community ( Comunidad Económica Europea) CEASA Cellulose Company of Asturias, Spain (Celulosas de Asturias, España) CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIEF Forest Use and Research Centre, Argentina (Centro de Investigación y Explotación Forestal, Argentina) CIRAD International Cooperation Centre in Agronomic Research for Development, France (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) CNEARC National Centre for Agronomic Studies of Warm Regions, France (Centre National d’Etudes Agronomiques des Regions Chaudes) CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation EMBRAPA Brazilian Enterprise for Agriculture and Animal Research) ENGREF National School of Rural issues, Water and Forests ( Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural des Eaux et des Forets) EPPO European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation FORSPA Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific GTZ German Technical Cooperation HDEP High Density Energy Plantations HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography ICFRE Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education IDRC International Development Research Centre, Canada INIA National Institute of Agrarian Research, Spain (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias ) IPEF Research and Forest Studies Institute (Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais) INGAR Institute for Development and Design, Argentina INRA National Institute of Agronomic Research, France (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) INRENARE National Institute of Renewable Natural Resources (Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables) IPPTA Indian Pulp & Paper Technical Association IUFRO International Union of Forest Research Organisations KEFRI Kenya Forestry Research Institute KFRI Kerala Forest Research Institute, India MANFLOR SYSTEM Forest Management system, Brazil NFTA Nitrogen Fixing Tree Asociation , USA NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NRI Natural Resources Institute , U K. PICOP Philippines Integrated Company of Paper Products UAIC Industrial Afforstation Unit of Congo 5 UNDP United Nations Development Programme USDA United States Department of Agriculture UCCAO Union of Western Cooperatives, West AFrica (Union des coopératives de l’Ouest) 6 LITERATURE REFERENCES (ALPHABETIC BY AUTHOR) Abouelkhair,-KS. 1993. Effect of zinc on the growth and mineral contents of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings grown in a sandy soil containing vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae spores. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research. 1993, 38: 1, 243-255; 14 ref. In the context of the use of industrial waste water for irrigation, a greenhouse study was conducted. The results indicate that irrigation water containing Zn levels up to 160 mg/litre could be used without harmful effects on the growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings grown in a nursery soil containing spores of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Abouelkhair,-KS. 1993. Influences of NH4/NO3 ratios and pH on the growth and mineral contents of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings grown in sandy soil containing vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research. 38: 1, 257-269; 14 ref. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted on one year old seedlings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis grown in sandy soil containing vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas (Acaulospora laevis, A. trappei and Gigaspora tricalypta), and treated with different ratios of NH4/NO3 (resulting in a pH range of 3.1-9.8). Adams,-MA. 1992. Phosphatase activity and phosphorus fractions in Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor F. Muell.) forest soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 14: 3, 200-204; 31 ref. Phosphatase activity and phosphorus fractions are described for recently burnt, undisturbed and logged Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) forest soils in Western Australia. Adegbehin-JO, Igboanugo-ABI, Omijeh-JE. 1990. Potentials of agroforestry for sustainable food and wood production in the savanna areas of Nigeria. Savanna. 11:2 Use of Eucalyptus spp. in the savanna region of Nigeria under silvo-pastoral systems and as shelterbelt is discussed. The need for increased production of firewood is stressed. Adkoli N.S. 1992. Social or industrial forestry; industry's view. in: Calder, IR; Hall, RL, Adlard, PG (eds). Growth and water use of forest plantations. 381 pp, Wiley & Sons, Chichester. Some of the basic needs of the Society depend on forest based industries. Industrial forestry is a necessity. Adlard P.G, Kariyappa GS, Srinivasula NV. 1992. Spacing at planting of short rotation Eucalyptus in Karnataka. in Calder, IR; hall, RL; Adlard, PG eds. Growth and water use of Forest Plantations. 381 pp, Wiley & Sons, Chichester Maximum volume increments occurred in higher densities with some evidence of maximum at 2500 to 3000 stems/ha at the age of 4 years. Mean stem diameter was 3 times greater at widest spacing compared with the closest. Adlard P.G. 1992. Research strategy for monitoring tree growth and site change. in: Calder, IR; Hall RL; Adlard PG, eds. Growth and water use of Forest Plantations. 381 pp,
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