Thèse Version À Diffuser
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
3398 Orphan Nuclear Receptor Function in the Ovary Huajun Zhao1, Zili
[Frontiers in Bioscience 12, 3398-3405, May 1, 2007] Orphan nuclear receptor function in the ovary Huajun Zhao1, Zili Li1, Austin J. Cooney2, Zi-Jian Lan1 1Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Germ Cell Nuclear Factor 4. Steroidogenic Factor-1 5. Liver Receptor Homolog-1 6. Perspective 7. Acknowledgement 8. References 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION Orphan nuclear receptors such as germ cell In the mammalian ovary, follicles are the nuclear factor (GCNF), steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) and principal functional units which provide the support system liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), are emerging as necessary for production of female germ cells (mature important ovarian factors in regulating female oocytes) during postnatal life (1). The process of follicular reproduction. Within the ovary, GCNF (NR6A1) development after birth is termed folliculogenesis and the expression is restricted to the oocyte, while SF-1 (NR5A1) production of fertilizable eggs is referred to as oogenesis. is expressed only in the somatic cells, such as granulosa, During reproductive life, folliculogenesis and oogenesis are thecal and luteal cells, and interstitial cells. LRH-1 highly coordinated to ensure the production of fertilizable (NR5A2), an orphan receptor closely related to SF-1, is eggs. These processes require intercellular communication expressed only in the granulosa cells of the follicles and between many cell types such as oocytes, granulosa and luteal cells within the ovary. Recent studies using thecal cells within the ovary (2, 3). -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0082511 A1 Brown Et Al
US 20030082511A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0082511 A1 Brown et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 1, 2003 (54) IDENTIFICATION OF MODULATORY Publication Classification MOLECULES USING INDUCIBLE PROMOTERS (51) Int. Cl." ............................... C12O 1/00; C12O 1/68 (52) U.S. Cl. ..................................................... 435/4; 435/6 (76) Inventors: Steven J. Brown, San Diego, CA (US); Damien J. Dunnington, San Diego, CA (US); Imran Clark, San Diego, CA (57) ABSTRACT (US) Correspondence Address: Methods for identifying an ion channel modulator, a target David B. Waller & Associates membrane receptor modulator molecule, and other modula 5677 Oberlin Drive tory molecules are disclosed, as well as cells and vectors for Suit 214 use in those methods. A polynucleotide encoding target is San Diego, CA 92121 (US) provided in a cell under control of an inducible promoter, and candidate modulatory molecules are contacted with the (21) Appl. No.: 09/965,201 cell after induction of the promoter to ascertain whether a change in a measurable physiological parameter occurs as a (22) Filed: Sep. 25, 2001 result of the candidate modulatory molecule. Patent Application Publication May 1, 2003 Sheet 1 of 8 US 2003/0082511 A1 KCNC1 cDNA F.G. 1 Patent Application Publication May 1, 2003 Sheet 2 of 8 US 2003/0082511 A1 49 - -9 G C EH H EH N t R M h so as se W M M MP N FIG.2 Patent Application Publication May 1, 2003 Sheet 3 of 8 US 2003/0082511 A1 FG. 3 Patent Application Publication May 1, 2003 Sheet 4 of 8 US 2003/0082511 A1 KCNC1 ITREXCHO KC 150 mM KC 2000000 so 100 mM induced Uninduced Steady state O 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Time (seconds) FIG. -
Independent Regulation of Vertebral Number and Vertebral Identity by Microrna-196 Paralogs
Independent regulation of vertebral number and vertebral identity by microRNA-196 paralogs Siew Fen Lisa Wonga,1, Vikram Agarwalb,c,d,e,1, Jennifer H. Mansfieldf,g, Nicolas Denansh, Matthew G. Schwartzf, Haydn M. Prosseri, Olivier Pourquiéf,j, David P. Bartelb,c,d, Clifford J. Tabinf,2, and Edwina McGlinna,f,2 aEMBL Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; bHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142; cWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142; dDepartment of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; eComputational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; fDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; gDepartment of Biological Sciences, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027; hDepartment of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; iThe Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; and jDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Contributed by Clifford J. Tabin, July 16, 2015 (sent for review March 24, 2015; reviewed by Jacqueline Deschamps and Joshua T. Mendell) The Hox genes play a central role in patterning the embryonic anterior- of which is a critical factor in establishing species-specific vertebral to-posterior axis. An important function of Hox activity in verte- number (8). brates is the specification of different vertebral morphologies, with Within vertebral precursors, specific combinations of Hox an additional role in axis elongation emerging. The miR-196 family transcription factors impart positional information that governs of microRNAs (miRNAs) are predicted to extensively target Hox 3′ vertebral identity (9). -
Strategies to Study Sex-Determining Genes in the Mouse
Strategies to study sex-determining genes in the mouse Amy E. Johnson A thesis submitted to the University of London in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. May 2002 Division of Developmental Genetics, National Institute For Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 lAY. ProQuest Number: U643301 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U643301 Published by ProQuest LLC(2015). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 This thesis is dedicated to my immediate family, Janice, Clive, Molly, Matthew, Ben, Emma and my fiancé Geoff Table Of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................ / ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................IV 1 CHAPTER 1- GENERAL INTRODUCTION....................................................... 1 lA SEX DETERMINATION......................................................................................1 1.1.1 Drosophila and C-ele^ans .................................................................................1 -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Eurasian and American Cyprinids Using Cytochrome B Sequences
Journal of Fish Biology (2002) 61, 929–944 doi:10.1006/jfbi.2002.2105, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Phylogenetic relationships of Eurasian and American cyprinids using cytochrome b sequences C. C*, N. M*, T. E. D†, A. G‡ M. M. C*§ *Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Cieˆncia de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Bloco C2, 3 Piso. 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, †Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501, U.S.A. and ‡Laboratoire d’Hydrobiology, Universite´ de Provence, 1 Place Victor Hugo, 1331 Marseille, France (Received 30 January 2002, Accepted 6 August 2002) Neighbour-joining and parsimony analyses identified five lineages of cyprinids: (1) European leuciscins (including Notemigonus)+North American phoxinins (including Phoxinus phoxinus); (2) European gobionins+Pseudorasbora; (3) primarily Asian groups [cultrins+acheilognathins+ gobionins (excluding Abbotina)+xenocyprinins]; (4) Abbottina+Sinocyclocheilus+Acrossocheilus; (5) cyprinins [excluding Sinocyclocheilus and Acrossocheilus]+barbins+labeonins. Relationships among these lineages and the enigmatic taxa Rhodeus were not well-resolved. Tests of mono- phyly of subfamilies and previously proposed relationships were examined by constraining cytochrome b sequences data to fit previous hypotheses. The analysis of constrained trees indicated that sequence data were not consistent with most previously proposed relationships. Inconsistency was largely attributable to Asian taxa, such as Xenocypris and Xenocyprioides. Improved understanding of historical and taxonomic relationships in Cyprinidae will require further morphological and molecular studies on Asian cyprinids and taxa representative of the diversity found in Africa. 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words: Cyprinidae; molecular phylogeny; cytochrome b; monophyly of subfamilies. -
Testing a Mesendoderm Protocol in Smad5 and Smad1/5 Depleted Embryonic Stem Cells for Primordial Germ Cell Induction
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL Testing a mesendoderm protocol in Smad5 and Smad1/5 depleted embryonic stem cells for primordial germ cell induction Mestrado em Biologia Evolutiva e do Desenvolvimento Sara Mariana Eugénio Ferraz Mendes Dissertação orientada por: Professora Dra. Susana Marina Chuva de Sousa Lopes e Professora Dra. Maria Gabriela Rodrigues 2015 Contents i. Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ I ii. Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................... II iii. Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ III iv. Resumo ............................................................................................................................................ IV I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 1. Embryonic Stem Cells in mouse ............................................................................................ 2 2. BMP signalling: BMP4 and Smads 1/5 .................................................................................. 3 3. Primordial germ cells (PGCS)................................................................................................ -
BMC Evolutionary Biology Biomed Central
BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Evolution of miniaturization and the phylogenetic position of Paedocypris, comprising the world's smallest vertebrate Lukas Rüber*1, Maurice Kottelat2, Heok Hui Tan3, Peter KL Ng3 and Ralf Britz1 Address: 1Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, 2Route de la Baroche 12, Case postale 57, CH-2952 Cornol, Switzerland (permanent address) and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260 and 3Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260 Email: Lukas Rüber* - [email protected]; Maurice Kottelat - [email protected]; Heok Hui Tan - [email protected]; Peter KL Ng - [email protected]; Ralf Britz - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 13 March 2007 Received: 23 October 2006 Accepted: 13 March 2007 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:38 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-38 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/38 © 2007 Rüber et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Paedocypris, a highly developmentally truncated fish from peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia, comprises the world's smallest vertebrate. Although clearly a cyprinid fish, a hypothesis about its phylogenetic position among the subfamilies of this largest teleost family, with over 2400 species, does not exist. -
3Systematics and Diversity of Extant Amphibians
Systematics and Diversity of 3 Extant Amphibians he three extant lissamphibian lineages (hereafter amples of classic systematics papers. We present widely referred to by the more common term amphibians) used common names of groups in addition to scientifi c Tare descendants of a common ancestor that lived names, noting also that herpetologists colloquially refer during (or soon after) the Late Carboniferous. Since the to most clades by their scientifi c name (e.g., ranids, am- three lineages diverged, each has evolved unique fea- bystomatids, typhlonectids). tures that defi ne the group; however, salamanders, frogs, A total of 7,303 species of amphibians are recognized and caecelians also share many traits that are evidence and new species—primarily tropical frogs and salaman- of their common ancestry. Two of the most defi nitive of ders—continue to be described. Frogs are far more di- these traits are: verse than salamanders and caecelians combined; more than 6,400 (~88%) of extant amphibian species are frogs, 1. Nearly all amphibians have complex life histories. almost 25% of which have been described in the past Most species undergo metamorphosis from an 15 years. Salamanders comprise more than 660 species, aquatic larva to a terrestrial adult, and even spe- and there are 200 species of caecilians. Amphibian diver- cies that lay terrestrial eggs require moist nest sity is not evenly distributed within families. For example, sites to prevent desiccation. Thus, regardless of more than 65% of extant salamanders are in the family the habitat of the adult, all species of amphibians Plethodontidae, and more than 50% of all frogs are in just are fundamentally tied to water. -
Les Hormones Thyroïdiennes, Leurs Récepteurs Et L'évolution De La
Les hormones thyroïdiennes, leurs récepteurs et l’évolution de la métamorphose chez les Chordés. Mathilde Paris To cite this version: Mathilde Paris. Les hormones thyroïdiennes, leurs récepteurs et l’évolution de la métamorphose chez les Chordés.. Biochimie [q-bio.BM]. Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. Français. tel-00366311 HAL Id: tel-00366311 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366311 Submitted on 6 Mar 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Présentée devant L’ECOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE DE LYON pour l’obtention du DIPLÔME DE DOCTORAT soutenue le 18 décembre 2008 par MATHILDE PARIS THYROIDHORMONES,THEIRRECEPTORS AND THE EVOLUTION OF METAMORPHOSIS IN CHORDATES Jury: Vincent LAUDET Directeur de thèse Béatrice DESVERGNE Rapportrice Detlev ARENDT Rapporteur Philippe JANVIER Examinateur Nicholas HOLLAND Examinateur Frédéric FLAMANT Examinateur Hector ESCRIVA Membre invité THYROIDHORMONES,THEIRRECEPTORS ANDTHEEVOLUTIONOFMETAMORPHOSIS INCHORDATES mathilde paris Doctorate of Life Science 18 December 2008 ABSTRACT In an attempt to understand how the regulation of development evolves, particular attention has been put on transcription factors, which regulate gene expression during development. Among transcription factors, nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) have a peculiar status linked to their ligand-dependent activity. -
<Abstract Centered> an ABSTRACT of the THESIS OF
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Michael Austin Garland for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Toxicology presented on June 14, 2019. Title: Transcriptomic Approaches for Discovering Regenerative and Developmental Regulatory Networks in Zebrafish Abstract approved: _____________________________________________________________________ Robert L. Tanguay Zebrafish are capable of fully regenerating organs and tissue such as their caudal fin, which is similar to a human regrowing an arm or a leg. In contrast, most mammals including humans have a greatly reduced capacity for wound healing. The ability of zebrafish to undergo this regenerative process, called epimorphic regeneration, hinges on the capacity to form a blastema at the wound site. The blastema quickly recapitulates the developmental processes involved in complex tissue formation to restore lost or damaged tissue. One key mechanism for inducing blastema formation is global repression of genes involved in tissue differentiation and maintenance. Induction of repressive factors, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in reprogramming cells during epimorphic regeneration. The upstream mechanism by which zebrafish undergo epimorphic regeneration remains elusive. Furthermore, while focus is shifting toward regulatory RNAs such as miRNAs, the full complement of their repressive activities is unknown. We took a transcriptomics approach to investigating epimorphic regeneration and fin development. Parallel sequencing of total RNA and small RNA samples was performed on regenerating fin tissue at 1 day post-amputation (dpa). Most miRNAs had increased expression, consistent with global repression of genes involved in cell specialization during de-differentiation. We identified predicted interactions between miRNAs and genes involved in transcriptional regulation, chromatin modification, and developmental signaling. miR-146a and miR-146b are anti- inflammatory miRNAs that were predicted to target eya4, which is involved in chromatin remodeling and innate immunity. -
Leptodactylus Bufonius Sally Positioned. the Oral Disc Is Ventrally
905.1 AMPHIBIA: ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE Leptodactylus bufonius Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Schalk, C. M. and D. J. Leavitt. 2017. Leptodactylus bufonius. Leptodactylus bufonius Boulenger Oven Frog Leptodactylus bufonius Boulenger 1894a: 348. Type locality, “Asunción, Paraguay.” Lectotype, designated by Heyer (1978), Museum of Natural History (BMNH) Figure 1. Calling male Leptodactylus bufonius 1947.2.17.72, an adult female collected in Cordillera, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Photograph by by G.A. Boulenger (not examined by au- Christopher M. Schalk. thors). See Remarks. Leptodactylus bufonis Vogel, 1963: 100. Lap- sus. sally positioned. Te oral disc is ventrally po- CONTENT. No subspecies are recognized. sitioned. Te tooth row formula is 2(2)/3(1). Te oral disc is slightly emarginated, sur- DESCRIPTION. Leptodactylus bufonius rounded with marginal papillae, and possess- is a moderately-sized species of the genus es a dorsal gap. A row of submarginal papil- (following criteria established by Heyer and lae is present. Te spiracle is sinistral and the Tompson [2000]) with adult snout-vent vent tube is median. Te tail fns originate at length (SVL) ranging between 44–62 mm the tail-body junction. Te tail fns are trans- (Table 1). Head width is generally greater parent, almost unspotted (Cei 1980). Indi- than head length and hind limbs are moder- viduals collected from the Bolivian Chaco ately short (Table 1). Leptodactylus bufonius possessed tail fns that were darkly pigment- lacks distinct dorsolateral folds. Te tarsus ed with melanophores, especially towards contains white tubercles, but the sole of the the terminal end of the tail (Christopher M. foot is usually smooth. -
Hand and Foot Musculature of Anura: Structure, Homology, Terminology, and Synapomorphies for Major Clades
HAND AND FOOT MUSCULATURE OF ANURA: STRUCTURE, HOMOLOGY, TERMINOLOGY, AND SYNAPOMORPHIES FOR MAJOR CLADES BORIS L. BLOTTO, MARTÍN O. PEREYRA, TARAN GRANT, AND JULIÁN FAIVOVICH BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY HAND AND FOOT MUSCULATURE OF ANURA: STRUCTURE, HOMOLOGY, TERMINOLOGY, AND SYNAPOMORPHIES FOR MAJOR CLADES BORIS L. BLOTTO Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina MARTÍN O. PEREYRA División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva “Claudio J. Bidau,” Instituto de Biología Subtropical–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina TARAN GRANT Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Coleção de Anfíbios, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Associate, Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History JULIÁN FAIVOVICH División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Research Associate, Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American