Number 314 • summer 2020

PowerT h e M a g a z i n e o f E n g i n e -P o w e r e d V e s s e l s f r o m t Shipsh e S t e a m s h i p H i s t o r i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a

Union Oil Tanker Trio Sansinena • Torrey Canyon • Lake Palourde 16

also in this issue

The “Sunny Southern Route” to Europe 10 Marine Propulsion to the modern era 28

the nasa moonfleet 38

grand celebration 46

a qe2 story 50 float! ar II A orld W tion of W e the Ac erienc Exp Aboard the Liberty Shipw n Joh n W. Bro

The SS JOHN W. BROWN is one of the last operating survivors from the great fleet of over 2,700 war-built Liberty Ships and the last operational troopship of World War II. The ship is a maritime museum and a memorial to the shipyard workers who built, merchant mariners who sailed, and the U.S. Navy ur Website Armed Guard who defended the Liberty ships during World War II. The John Watch O W. Brown is fully restored and maintained as close as possible to her World for Our 2021 Cruise War II configuration. Visitors must be able to walk up steps to board the ship. Schedule H H H H These exciting 6 hour day cruises include lunch, music of the 40’s, H H H H H H H H nline period entertainment and flybys (conditions permitting) of wartime aircraft. Tour Donate O on-board museums, crew quarters, bridge and much more. See the magnificent to Support the 140-ton triple-expansion steam engine as it powers the ship through the water. John Brown Our 2020 Cruises have been suspended but you're invited to H H H H H H H check our website, ssjohnbrown.org, or our Facebook page for our upcoming H H H H 2021 cruise schedule and news about SS John W. Brown. We need your H The Ship Store is support to keep the ship operational during this period — please support the Open: T-shirts, Mugs JOHN W. BROWN with an online donation or purchase from & More! our Ship Store at ssjohnbrown.org.

H DONATE online at: www.ssjohnwbrown.org H For information call: 410-558-0164 Visit our Ship Store at www.ssjohnwbrown.org

Project Liberty Ship is a Baltimore based, all volunteer, nonprofit organization. float! ar II A orld W Powerthe magazine of theShips Steamship Historical Society of America tion of W ce the Ac erien manifest • N u m b e r 3 14 • s u m m e r 2 0 2 0 Exp This quarterly magazine has been continuously published by The Steamship Historical Union Oil Tanker Trio Society of America since first by Terry Tilton ...... 16 appearing as The Steamboat Bill of Facts in 1940 .

The Steamship Historical Society of America, Inc., (SSHSA) was organized in 1935 as a means of bringing together those amateur and professional historians interested in the history and development of steam navigation, past and present, and The Pilot House . . . 4 incorporated in the Commonwealth The Sunny Southern Q&A with of Virginia in 1950 as a tax-exempt Route to Europe Steamboat Bill . . . . 5 education corporation . Full Steam Ahead . . 6 by William H . Miller . . . . . 10 In addition to PowerShips, Regionals the SSHSA produces other books and High Seas ...... 54 publications of marine interest, a Mid-Atlantic ...... 57 Marine Propulsion to list of which is available online and New York ...... 59 from the Warwick headquarters . the Modern Era Overseas ...... 61 by James Shaw ...... 28 New England & SSHSA meetings are normally Eastern Canada . . . . . 62 held annually . Several local West Coast ...... 64 chapters also meet regularly . Great Lakes / Seaway . . 69 Membership in SSHSA includes Southeast & Gulf Ports . 72 subscriptions to PowerShips, the NASA’s Moonship Fleet Southwest Pacific . . . 75 by Eric Pearson ...... 38 Telegraph, and Ahoy! Dues Western Rivers . . . . 77 are in various classes, beginning at Tugboats ...... 80 $50 00. for Annual Members . Reviews ...... 83 For further details, write: Heard on the Steamship Historical Fantail ...... 85 Grand Celebration Society of America, by Robert Engler ...... 46 From the 2500 Post Road, Collection . . . . .86 Warwick, RI 02886 On the cover: The stern of the SS Sansinena, constructed by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company . – Visit our websites Terry Tilton collection . Above: Bow www.sshsa.org A QE2 Story section of crude oil tanker SS Sansinena by Rob Lightbody ...... 50 H DONATE online at: www.ssjohnwbrown.org lies partially submerged at Berth 46 in the www.shiphistory.org Port of Los Angeles after it exploded . – Ted H For information call: 410-558-0164 Quackenbush photo .

PowerShips (formerly titled Steamboat Bill) (ISSN 0039-0844)—founded in 1940 by Jay Allen—is published quarterly as a cooperative effort by the Steamship Historical Society of America, Inc., 2500 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886, a non-profit organization Visit our Ship Store at www.ssjohnwbrown.org dedicated to promoting the activities of marine historians in the field of self-propelled vessels. Material for possible publication is always welcome and should be sent to the editor; Jim Pennypacker, 4 Snead Ct., Palmyra, VA 22963. No remuneration can be made for such materials, and no responsibility for it is accepted, although every effort will be made for its safe handling. All contributions are subject to editing. Opinions expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of the Society; the burden for accuracy rests with the contributors. Contributors represent that they are the sole author of their Work, that the Work is an original work of authorship which does not infringe on the copyright rights of others, and that the author has the unencumbered right to publish the material. Subscription to PowerShips is by membership of $50.00 (US$) per year in the Steamship Historical Society of America, Inc. $30 of each member’s dues goes toward receiving PowerShips. Single copies of available issues may be purchased. Periodical postage paid at Warwick, RI, and additional offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to SSHSA, 2500 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886 USA. Phone +1 401 463 3570, fax +1 401 463 3572. No part of PowerShips may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the publisher. PowerShips Summer 2020 • 3 PowerShips editor-in-chief Jim Pennypacker 17 Church St., 2nd Floor, Lambertville, NJ 08530 Email: [email protected] The Pilot House Phone: +1 610-883-7988 associate editors Peter T. Eisele NASA Moonships, Marine Propulsion, 74 Chatham Street, Chatham, NJ 07928 Email: [email protected] Union Oil tankers and more . . . Laurence Miller 11321 SW 134th Avenue, Miami, FL 33186 Email: [email protected] m happy to announce that our postponed cean iner ala will now ’ O L G contributors take place November 7, 2020, at the historic Squantum Association in East William G.T. Barber ted Blank Charles H. Bogart David M. Boone Providence, Rhode Island. The night will be a celebration of some of the biggest Peter T. Eisele William A. Fox names in transatlantic travel: the America, the Leviathan, and the highlight of the John A. Fostik roddy Sergiades event,I the SS United States. Tickets are $150 per person and are available now. The event Donald Leavitt James L. Shaw Mark Shumaker rich Turnwald will sell out, so make your reservation today. Julia Winters g. Justin Zizes editorial planning committee Articles Wanted Jim Pennypacker andrew Coggins In This Issue Laurence Miller roland Parent We’re continually looking for Jim Shuttleworth marifrances Trivelli • NASA’s Manned Space Flight Network articles for the upcoming issues of Matthew Schulte James Zatwarnicki, Jr. provided tracking, telemetry and communications art director PowerShips . If you would like with manned spacecraft. During the Apollo John Goschke, Cornerstone Media, Inc. to write an article, send me a note Email: [email protected] program (1961-72) the network included five advertising sales (editor@sshsa org). describing your modified instrumentation ships. In NASA’s Richard L. Barwis, IV, Cornerstone Media, Inc. article idea and we’ll talk . In addition 674 Fairhaven Street, Palm Bay, FL 32907 Moonship Fleet, author Eric Pearson sheds light on to articles on engine-powered ships of Email: [email protected] these seaborne communication platforms and the Phone: +1-321-220-0346 all kinds, we’re interested in articles executive director & publisher vital coverage they provided for the Apollo missions. on Ocean Liners, Ship Builders, Matthew S. Schulte, M.S. Email: [email protected] • In Lives of the Liners, William Miller shares Mechanical Aspects, Ship Models, printing the colorful recollections of the late Lewis and Merchant Marine, Ship Preservation, Perfection Press 1200 Industrial Drive, Logan, IA 51546 Ruth Gordon about their frequent trips to the Ship Interiors and Memorabilia . Of sshsa headquarters Mediterranean in the 1950s and ’60s aboard many course, we welcome articles on all 2500 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886 Email: [email protected] Phone: +1-401-463-3570 of the ships of the Italian Line and American topics of interest to SSHSA members . Web: www.sshsa.org, www.shiphistory.org Export Lines. sshsa officers Don Leavitt, President, South Ryegate, VT • following a brief history of marine propulsion, Jim Shaw presents an overview Barry W. Eager, Vice President, Berlin, MA of modern marine engines, including diesels, two-stroke and four-stroke, short- and Nicholas Langhart, V.P./Secretary, Westminster, MA Eric Takakjian, Acting Treasurer, Fairhaven, MA long-stroke, smokeless engines, the world’s most powerful marine diesel, and a look at sshsa board of directors engines offering better fuel economy and less air pollution. Odd Brevik, Ormond Beach, FL Douglas Bryan, Cohasset, MA • Capt Terry Tilton offers a in-depth history of a trio of Union Oil tankers, built in Andrew Coggins, Jr., Blacksburg, VA Patrick Dacey, Glen Gardner, NJ the 1950s by Newport News Shipbuilding – Sansinena, Torrey Canyon and Lake Palourde . Jim McNamara, Chatham, NJ The ships would ply the route from the Persian Gulf to Los Angeles. Laurence Miller, Miami, FL William Miller, Hoboken, NJ • robert Engler shares his dream come true. In 2018, as a volunteer helping recovery Dave Pickering, Warwick, RI Tom Ragan, Miami Beach, FL efforts after a natural gas disaster in Massachusetts, he got to stay aboard the Grand Darshell Silva, Warwick, RI Celebration, which served as a static accommodation ship for the volunteers. He offers Terry Tilton, San Diego, CA Eric Wiberg, Boston, MA a brief history of the ship and details his stay on board, which included meals, James Zatwarnicki, Jr. Hoboken, NJ playing games at night, and even living through a Nor’easter. immediate past president Mary L. Payne, Wallingford, PA • rob Lightbody describes The QE2 Story, an online moderated discussion forum that copy editors & staff Bryan Lucier, Membership Coordinator he started in 2008 covering all things QE2 – each decade’s service, her construction, Astrid Drew, Archivist her design, photo gallery, etc. Members of the forum include fans, authors, officers, Aimee Bachari, Education & Outreach Coordinator Alissa Halacy, Project Coordinator crew, passengers and even a captain or two. Lori DiPersio, Development Consultant Michele Berard, Senior Philanthropic Advisor From the Pilot House Evan Matthews, Senior Advisor Jim Pennypacker, Editor-in-Chief

4 • Summer 2020 PowerShips editor-in-chief Jim Pennypacker Questions & Answers with 17 Church St., 2nd Floor, Lambertville, NJ 08530 Email: [email protected] Phone: +1 610-883-7988 Steamboat Bill associate editors Peter T. Eisele 74 Chatham Street, Chatham, NJ 07928 Email: [email protected] n the previous issue of : I read where a steamship Laurence Miller IPowerShips (#313), there was Qis described as “schooner or 11321 SW 134th Avenue, Miami, FL 33186 a question regarding the Pacific bark rigged.” Does this mean the Email: [email protected] contributors coast steam schooner Redwood. steamship had sails? William G.T. Barber ted Blank Knowledgeable SSHSA members : Not necessarily, but true in some Charles H. Bogart David M. Boone Peter T. Eisele William A. Fox wrote in with extra details about Acases. Early steamers were not John A. Fostik roddy Sergiades this ship’s history. Many thanks to as reliable as later ones so they were n USS Fomalhaut, a C1-A cargo ship . – U .S . Donald Leavitt James L. Shaw Mark Shumaker rich Turnwald Mr. George Schneider in Sonoma, equipped with sails in case of emergency. Navy photo . Julia Winters g. Justin Zizes California, and Captain Alan And in some cases, the sails were used protect cargo, but in which exposure to the editorial planning committee Jim Pennypacker andrew Coggins Hugenot in San Francisco. in addition or in place of the engine(s). elements was not completely eliminated. A Laurence Miller roland Parent he vessel Redwood was originally Wind was free, coal wasn’t. Over time, shelter deck fitted like this would often have Jim Shuttleworth marifrances Trivelli Matthew Schulte James Zatwarnicki, Jr. Tnamed Daisy, built in 1908 in steamships and steam engines became openings in it, which would allow water to art director Bandon, Oregon, by J.H. Price. Her more reliable and efficient, and sails were pass. A modern shelter deck vessel may in John Goschke, Cornerstone Media, Inc. Email: [email protected] subsequent name was Thomas H . Elliott. dispensed with. However, masts were some cases have a raised poop, fo’c’sle and advertising sales In the previous issue, it was unclear retained for a variety of purposes, as a center island structure above the shelter Richard L. Barwis, IV, Cornerstone Media, Inc. what became of her, but now we know scaffold for radio and electrical wires, deck level. This deck would form the top of 674 Fairhaven Street, Palm Bay, FL 32907 Email: [email protected] that she was owned by Lowe Trading or decorative flags, or for loading and the hull girder itself and as such would be Phone: +1-321-220-0346 Company when on September 18, 1939, unloading cargo. “Schooner-or bark- the deck to which tonnage measurements executive director & publisher Matthew S. Schulte, M.S. she caught fire in Humboldt Bay and rigged steamship” simply means the would be made for that ship. Email: [email protected] was a total loss. configuration of the masts and rigging. The scantling C1-B had a heavier, stronger printing Perfection Press Here is a brief recount of her career, as You can also have a “ship-or brig-rigged, structure. The main deck was the freeboard 1200 Industrial Drive, Logan, IA 51546 told in the book Ships of the Redwood Coast etc. steamship or motor vessel” too, deck. On the C1-A, the freeboard deck sshsa headquarters 2500 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886 by McNairn & McMullen: although the terminology is no longer was the second deck, where the cargo Email: [email protected] Phone: +1-401-463-3570 much used for modern vessels. holds (watertight bulkheads) stopped. So, Web: www.sshsa.org, www.shiphistory.org There are many who say that the the cargo holds on the C1-B had a greater sshsa officers Don Leavitt, President, South Ryegate, VT steam schooner Daisy was all that her : Can you help me understand extension, as they were watertight to the Barry W. Eager, Vice President, Berlin, MA name implied; she was a conventional the terms full scantling and main deck. The extra 200 tons weight Nicholas Langhart, V.P./Secretary, Westminster, MA Q Eric Takakjian, Acting Treasurer, Fairhaven, MA little job, but temperamental . One shelter deck? in ship architecture? of the heavier structure increased the sshsa board of directors August day in 1926 Daisy, fully The C1-A was a shelter deck and deadweight tonnage, just over 7,800 on Odd Brevik, Ormond Beach, FL Douglas Bryan, Cohasset, MA loaded, got tired of it all and quietly the C1-B was a full scantling. Why the steam powered C1-B, and ultimately Andrew Coggins, Jr., Blacksburg, VA sank at her berth in China Basin, San would a company order one type of helped increase displacement. Patrick Dacey, Glen Gardner, NJ Jim McNamara, Chatham, NJ Francisco Bay . A day or so later while ship over another? These differences, as well as the fact Laurence Miller, Miami, FL her owners and crew were wondering : In a strict sense the term scantling the C1-B is five feet longer than the William Miller, Hoboken, NJ Dave Pickering, Warwick, RI what had got into the old girl, she Arefers to the physical dimensions of C1-A, could make a difference in what Tom Ragan, Miami Beach, FL suddenly popped to the surface, little the ship’s framing and plating material. ports or waterways a ship could access. Darshell Silva, Warwick, RI Terry Tilton, San Diego, CA the worse for her dunking . A month Often you will see reference to heavier Depending on a company’s target Eric Wiberg, Boston, MA later she disgraced herself by plowing or lighter scantlings. In these cases, business or ports of call, they may prefer James Zatwarnicki, Jr. Hoboken, NJ immediate past president through the twenty-five feet of an oil someone is referring to larger or smaller one vessel type over another.  Mary L. Payne, Wallingford, PA wharf at the foot of Mason Street . She dimensions for the framing and plating copy editors & staff Bryan Lucier, Membership Coordinator went on, playing tricks here and there materials used in the vessel’s construction. Do you have a question for Astrid Drew, Archivist until – by this time renamed Redwood The term full scantling refers to the Aimee Bachari, Education & Outreach Coordinator Steamboat Bill? Alissa Halacy, Project Coordinator – she managed to get herself on fire uppermost deck being fully enclosed both Lori DiPersio, Development Consultant off Humboldt Bay and became a total structurally and to the weather. Michele Berard, Senior Philanthropic Advisor Just email him at . . Evan Matthews, Senior Advisor loss, her crew being rescued by the steel The term shelter deck in its original sense [email protected] steamer Scotia . refers to a deck above the upper deck to

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 5 Mr . Tom Dunlop Ms . Diana Moraco 2020, A Most Mr . Alan Dutton Mrs . Harry Morgan Mr . Mike Eagan Mr . John A . Morgan memorable Year Mr . Arnold Eaves Rev . Bart R . Muller ell, this 85th Mr . and Mrs . Donald W . Eberle Mr . Gregory Murphy Anniversary year Dr . Robert Eden Mr . Brian L . Norden has turned out to be a Mr . Barry Farman Mr . Raisuke Numata real memorable one for Mr . and Mrs . Arthur J . Ferguson Mr . Terry O'Connor SSWHSA. During this global pandemic, Mr . John David Ferguson CAPT and Mrs . Roland R . Parent you, our members, friends and donors, Dr . Jerry Fingerut Mr . John Paul have risen to the occasion to help us Mr . Michael Fisher Mr . Art Peabody succeed. Even as pretty much everything Mr . Alan J . Flood Mr . Andrew Peach around us has been impacted by Mr . Carl H . Fowler Mr . Miles N . Peterle Covid-19, we have persevered. Thank Mr . and Mrs . William A . Fox Mr . Frederic N . Phinney you to all who continue to answer our Mr . Gary Garren Mr . Donald Pomplun requests for additional support. Mr . Tom Gemmell Mr . David L . Powers, Jr . Mr . Robert J . Golden Mr . George Prince Coronavirus Emergency Mr . John Goschke Mr . Dwight D . Quella Appeal Contributors Mr . James Graf Mr . William J . Raver Mr . Russ Allen Mr . Stephen Gregory Mr . James Royle Mr . Preston B . Baker Mr . Robert M . Haines Mr . Robert Rubino Mr . Laurence V . Baldwin Mr . Edward B . Hawley Dr . Timothy J . Runyan Ms . Michele R . Berard Mr . Albert R . Hinckley, Jr . Mr . George R . Schneider, Jr . Mr . and Mrs . Charles D . Bieser Mr . & Mrs . Joseph Ilacqua Mr . and Mrs . Matthew S . Schulte Ms . Amy Blume Mr . Kevin C . Johns Mr . David Schulz Mr . Charles H . Bogart Mr . Erik Johnson Mr . Peter Digby Scott Mr . William Bolin Mr . Leonard Kaisalahti Mr . Bruce C . Seibel Mr . Jerry Boyd Captain Philip C . Kantz Mr . George Shuster Mr . Keith Brittin Mr . Timothy J . Kelly Mr . Joel A . Slagg Mr . Christopher Bujara Mr . Robert Kessler Mr . Louis Slyker Mr . Pete Burns Mr . Paul Klee Mr . Thomas E . Smith Mr . Kevin W . Busath Ms . Lisa Kressbach Mr . John O . Snyder Mr . Richard Carriere Mr . Gunstein Langset Mr . Allen Soares CDR Andrew O . Coggins, Jr ., USN (Ret .) Mr . David Larsen Mr . Donn R . Spear Mr . Steve Cohen Mr . Steven Laubmeier Mr . Edward Spinney Mr . William D . Comings, Jr . Mr . Michael Lawson Mr . John S .W . Spofford Mr . and Mrs . Louis J . Costanza Mr . Clayton E . Leroue Mr . Jay Higgins Mr . Alexander D . Crary Mr . Keith A . Lewis Mr . Gregory Straub Mr . Alan Cullen Mr . Holger Lukas Mr . Kent Strobel Mr . Antone DeGerlia Mr . Jeff Macklin Mr . Clinton Strong Mr . Richard Del Valle Rev . Armand Mantia Mr . Mark A . Thomas CAPT Robertson Dinsmore CAPT Warren McDonald, USCGR (Ret .) Mr . Craig Thompson Ms . Lori DiPersio Mr . Alan McKie Mr . Douglas A . Tilden Mr . William W . Donnell Mr . Alexander Melchert Mr . and Mrs . Thomas K . Troy Mr . Joseph Dowling, Jr . Mr . W . John Miottel Mr . Andrew Turnbull

6 • Summer 2020 PowerShips CAPT R .L . Van Nice, Jr . USNR (Ret .) Mr . Doug Hart Mr . Bruce L . Richards Mr . Thomas Varney MrUpcoming . Elmer Hill Mr . Howard Schutter CAPT Robert F . Wasson, Jr ., CPA Meetings Mr . Daniel J . Sentilles Mr . Hubert Wicki Mr . and Mrs . James W . Shuttleworth • Annual Meeting is Mr . William Wooding Ms . Darshell Silva Saturday, August 29 at Ms . Margaret Jean Wort Mr . Donald H . Smith 10AM ET Mr . Alan Yorker Mr . Jerry Smith Mr . James J . Zabel • Ocean Liner Gala V Mr . and Mrs . Stephen Smith Mr . James Zatwarnicki, Jr . is Saturday Mr . Timothy D . Smith November 7, 2020 CAPT Cesare Sorio The Ship History Center/ • WSS / SSHSA Cruise on CAPT Eric Takakjian Building Fund Donors QM2 departs December CAPT Thomas F . Taylor Mr . Alan Abramson 8, 2020 Mr . David Thomas Mr . Lawrence N . Adams Mr . Craig Thompson Mr . James Alexandre Mr . Douglas A . Tilden Mr . Robert K . Alspach Mr . Albert R . Hinckley, Jr . CAPT and Mrs . Terry Tilton, USN (Ret .) Anonymous Donation Mr . Peter Horne Mr . and Mrs . Thomas K . Troy Mr . Ernest Arroyo Mr . Richard A . Horvitz Mr . Norbert Ulbrich Mr . Joe Attura Mr . George Ilse CAPT R .L . Van Nice, Jr . USNR (Ret .) LCDR . Peter E . Baci, USNR (Ret) Ms . June Sherry Ingram Mr . Donald B . Wallace Mr . David C . Bailey, Jr . Mr . Tom Jordens Mr . Merritt Webb Mr . Henry H . Baxter Mr . and Mrs . Michael W . Joy Mr. Robert Whitfield Dr . Mark Benbow Mr . Murray Kilgour Mr . Eric Wiberg Mr . D . Jordan Berson Mr . Robert J . Kimtis Mr . Parker Williamson Dr . Kip Bodi CAPT George W . Koch Mr . John F . Witkowski Mr . A . Pierce Bounds Mr . Erhard W . Koehler World Ship Society - Port of New York Branch Mr . George L . Bradley Mr . Richard Krug Mr . James Zatwarnicki, Jr . Mr . Douglas E . Bryan Mr . Nicholas Langhart Ms . Vivian Butler and Ms . Janet Butler CAPT David Leech Support SSHSA’s Mr . Gabriel Caprio Michael and Marty Lennon Please Mr . George A . Cassidy Mr . Hugh C . MacKay Mr . Thomas C . Chadwick Mr . Gary Maehl Summer Appeal CDR Andrew O . Coggins, Jr ., USN (Ret .) Mr . Dick Magee Dr . Leon F . Cohn Mr . Steven Mason Ms . Carol Cooper Mr . Stephen McClellan LCDR Paul E . Cornelius CAPT and Mrs . James J . McNamara Mr . William F . Cosgrove Mr . John C . Mehrling Mr . Carl Curtis Mr . Charles A . Miller, III Mr . Patrick Dacey Mr . Jeffrey A . Miller Mr . John De Broske Dr . Laurence and Carole Miller Mr . John J . Delach Mr . William H . Miller Jr . Even though we have successfully Mr . Donald DeLuca Mr . John A . Morgan sought and received increased funding for Mr . Thomas Diedrich Mr . W . Andrew Morrison our various appeals, we still need support Mr . Arnold Eaves Rev . Bart R . Muller for general operations through contribu- Mr . George Economou CAPT Andrew B . Murray tions to our Summer Fund. Won’t you Mrs . Claire Gadbois Mr . Richard M . Mushet consider making a meaningful gift? Mr . Bernard M . Grandjany CW4 (Ret .) Samuel R . Ohmacht Mr . Larry Gregory CAPT Dave Pickering Kind regards, Mr . Charles A . Haas III Rev . Donald E . Potter Matthew S . Schulte, M .S . Mr . Gary Halvorsen Mr . George Prince Executive Director Mr . Richard Hansen Mr . Thomas C . Ragan

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 7 NEW Date! • November 7, 2020

CELEBRATING THE UNITED STATES LINES

Ocean Liner Gala V

A Fundraiser on the Water at the Historic Squantum Club

Tickets are on sale now! $150 each

Book yours today before we are sold out

Call 401-463-3570 to reserve your space or go to sshsa.org

8 • Summer 2020 BENEFITING SHIPHISTORY.ORGPowerShips Steamship Historical Society of America & World Ship Society - Port of New York Branch - present - December 8, 2020 7-night Eastbound Transatlantic Crossing New York to Southampton aboard NEW Date! • November 7, 2020

Sail together on Cunard Line's Queen Mary 2, a remarkable flagship whose style and elegance are legendary.

Every cabin will receive up to $150 in on-board credit Ocean Liner Gala V Join your fellow ship enthusiasts for a holiday voyage ~ with special ship enthusiast gatherings ~

~ For the latest pricing information and reservations ~ Contact Brad Hatry at Travel Edge at 212-399-6223 or e-mail: [email protected]

BENEFITING SHIPHISTORY.ORG PowerShips Summer 2020 • 9 LIVES OF THE LINERS by William H . Miller

n Italian Line’s Vulcania at New York in the early 1950s . – Braun Bros . Collection, SSHSA Archives .

SunnyThe Southern Route

10 • Summer 2020 PowerShips he Genoa-headquartered Italian Line had a succession of fine, very popular liners on the great Atlantic liner run. Just after World War II, the line had three well-known, prewar passenger liners, the Saturnia, Vulcania and Conte Biancamano . Quickly, in 1951, New York-based American Export Lines sprang forward with its first big liners, the very modern sisters Independence and Constitution . These were followed by a succession of newly built, extremely modern Italian liners – the Andrea Doria and Cristoforo Colombo, the Augustus and Giulio Cesare, the Leonardo da Vinci and finally, the biggest, fastest Mediterranean liners of their time, the 45,900-ton, 1,775-passenger sisters Michelangelo and Raffaello .

Sunny Southern Route to Europe

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 11 In the late ’50s, American Export had hoped to add a third big liner, dubbed the Constellation, but couldn’t quite get the necessary U.S. government funding, and so the line made do with a smaller, converted passenger ship, the Atlantic . But by the mid-1970s, they would all be gone – victims of overwhelming operational costs, declining revenues and, most of all, devastating airline competition. In March 1976, the struggling Leonardo da Vinci left New York’s Pier 84 and made her last passage from New York to Italy. The late Lewis and Ruth Gordon were frequent passengers on Mediterranean crossings in the 1950s and ’60s, and they recalled many of the ships. “In first class aboard the Independence and Constitution, it was quite usual to see 5- and 10-carat diamond rings at dinner. But when one woman wore a 47-carat diamond, it was called ‘vulgar’ by the others. There were always Greek shipping magnates onboard. I remember Mrs. Goulandris, who wore jewels from the best shops in Paris – and most of them, it seemed, at the same time! Onboard, daily life was actually quiet, even simple. There were some evening activities, like dancing, horse-racing and films, but n (From top) The classic motor liner Saturnia making a noontime departure from Pier 84 in this view from otherwise you sat on deck 1955. – Author’s Collection. Maiden call: In her refitted, all-white post-war style, the Conte Biancamano all day long with little to do. visits Boston for the first time in 1950. – Author’s Collection. With her classic counter stern, the 683-ft. long Reading and writing letters Independence is seen on the south side of New York’s Pier 84 . The huge gas tank behind it was a West Side were the great pastimes. In the landmark until demolished in 1968 . – ALF Collection . ’50s, daytime attire in first class was like today’s evening clothes.

12 • Summer 2020 PowerShips n Now painted in all-white, the Constitution is seen being docked at Pier 84 in this view dated 1964 . Behind (from top to bottom) are the Empress of Canada, Homeric, Queen Elizabeth, Berlin and United States . – Moran Towing & Transportation Co . photo .

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 13 n (Clockwise from top left) Economy at sea: The smaller, largely tourist class Atlantic at Pier 84 . – Author’s Collection . Replacements: In the late Fifties, the normally South American-routed sisters Augustus (seen here at Naples) and Giulio Cesare were used on the New York run, temporarily replacing the Andrea Doria, which sank on July 26, 1956 .– ALF Collection . Italy’s post-war “Renaissance ships,” the sisters Andrea Doria and Cristoforo Colombo together at Genoa. – Italian Line photo. Busy day at Genoa: In this 1968 view, five passenger ships are in port together – (from top) Eugenio C, Franca C, Cabo San Roque, Michelangelo and Constitution .– Author’s Collection .

14 • Summer 2020 PowerShips “We also liked the Italian Line very much. The older ships, such as the Saturnia and Vulcania, which dated from the 1920s, had ‘over-the-edge’ decor, where enough is not quite enough. They were very, very ornate and very dark in tone. There were first-class staterooms on the Saturnia and Vulcania that had their own verandas, then quite a novelty. If you booked these, you rarely had to leave your cabin and never, ever had to go out on the crowded Lido Deck. On the modernized Conte Biancamano, the walls of the card and writing rooms were done in exquisite inlaid woods, all themed to card games. “Italian Line also had the best costume balls. There were Renaissance, Gypsy, Baroque and Venetian creations to match. Amazingly, the Italians gave out great prizes for the very costumes they provided. “Italian Line also had the most tearful farewells, especially at ports like Messina and Palermo in Sicily. It was high drama in bidding goodbyes. These farewells sometimes included three generations of a family on the pier side. Very often, these Italian immigrants traveling in tourist class aboard the Saturnia, Vulcania and, later, the Cristoforo Colombo were bound for Canada. Many Italian Line crossings stopped at Halifax two or three days before reaching New York. “We also recall one other special sailing. Each year, one eastbound sailing aboard either American Export or the Italian Line carried New York designers and buyers bound for the Italian fashion shows. That sailing was always known as the Seventh Avenue Special!” 

About the Author Bill Miller, an SSHSA board member, is an international authority on ocean liners and cruise ships . He has written more than 100 books on the subject: from early steamers, immigrant ships and liners at war to their fabulous interiors and about the artifacts from them . He has written histories of such celebrated passenger ships as the United States, Queen Mary, Rotterdam, France, Queen Elizabeth 2 and Crystal Serenity . A native of Hoboken, New Jersey, Miller was named Outstanding American Maritime Scholar in 1994 and received the U .S . Maritime Preservation n (From top) Lattice-work design: The distinctive funnels of the Michelangelo . – ALF Award and the Ocean Liner Council’s Silver Riband Award Collection . Italian super liners: The Michelangelo (left) and Raffaello at Pier 84 in in 2004 . He was the 2017 recipient of SSHSA’s Samuel this photo dated August 1973 . – Author’s Collection . Italian Line twilight: Seen in this Ward Stanton Award for Lifetime Achievement . view from March 1973, the Leonardo da Vinci made the final Italian Line crossing in March 1976 . – Author’s Collection .

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 15 Union Oil Tanker Trio Sansinena • Torrey Canyon • Lake Palourde by CAPT Terry Tilton

16 • Summer 2020 PowerShips hipping line owners Union Oil came into being in oil; pumps were in a specialized often order ships in a December 1889 with the union of three compartment. Transverse bulkheads set of three. Many times oil-producing companies: Hardison & compartmentalized the cargo tanks. The within the set, one or Stewart, Sespe and Torrey Canyon. The crew berthed forward and the officers in more of the trio suffers company’s first tanker, the 1889-built the after deckhouse. a significant historical W .L . Hardison, was constructed for maritime tragedy, which Hardison & Stewart before the merger, New Union Oil Tankers increases the awareness when annual production output The Union Oil tankers took their of the entire set. Maritime history amounted to 235,000 barrels of oil. names, Sansinena, Torrey Canyon and Lake Srecords a trio of ships built for White Sixty years and dozens of tankers later, Palourde, from famed oil fields of Union Star Line - Olympic, Titanic and Britannic with production at 25 million barrels Oil, two in Southern California and - two of which suffered casualties. Two annually, the company had a severe need one in Louisiana off the Gulf of Mexico. of another trio - Imperator, Vaterland and for new, massive tankers. Sansinena is an oil field north of Los Bismarck - were eventually burned out . Historians track the lineage of the Angeles. The Torrey Canyon oil field Of a trio of smaller liners - Alcoa Cavalier, first modern oil tanker to the 1886 is located in Ventura County near the Alcoa Corsair and Alcoa Courier - one had a Gluckauf, which had a capacity of 3,000 coast, north of Moorpark and east of boiler explosion and another sank in the tons of oil in a transit from the United Fillmore. Lake Palourde is the huge oil Mississippi. Larger than the big liners, States to the United Kingdom. The field in Louisiana, discovered in 1951. and fraught with tragedy, are the trio 300-ft ship had the basic three-island Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry by CAPT Terry Tilton of tankers ordered in 1956 by the Los profile: forecastle, midships bridge Dock Company would construct the Angeles-based Union Oil Company, also and poop deck. All the machinery three ships. Sansinena was hull #531, known as UNOCAL. was aft, well separated from the cargo Torrey Canyon was #532 and Lake Palourde

n The SS Torrey Canyon . – Courtesy of the Los Angeles Maritime Museum .

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 17 was #533. Newport News developed Oil had done for decades. Union Oil had its skills during a long history of tanker moved oil up and down the Pacific Coast Traditional construction dating to 1913, delivering and west to Hawaii. But the growth of Three-Island Design nearly 70 before completing Sansinena. California outstripped the ability of the Union Oil desired an attractive ship. The three-ship contract was signed state to fuel the entire coast. The Sansinena had a typical three-island on August 20, 1956, and the keels went Lloyds Register recorded Sansinena as a design, with a streamlined midships and down just over a year later, on October huge ship for the era, the total displacement after deckhouse, and a black hull with 7, 1957. Sansinena would be the first and gross registered tons exceeding those gray on the poop deck and forecastle. completed. No less than Mrs. Reese of any of the passenger ships of the day. At Above the gray, the two deckhouses were Taylor, wife of the Union Oil chairman, 810 feet long and 77,000 tons displacement, white. The stack insignia, a large “U,” sponsored the ship. she was the largest ship built in the western predated the orange “76” symbol. The Union Oil ships would ply the hemisphere. Her draft measured 42 feet, At the upper (main) deck, the amidships route from the Persian Gulf (mostly and her deadweight tonnage of 65,920 deckhouse didn’t extend across the Kuwait) to Los Angeles. The route would made her the biggest ship under the United entire beam, and an open passageway normally pass through the Straits of States flag. allowed movement fore and aft with Malacca, but design mandated that the The Sansinena’s oil-carrying capacity no watertight doors. Above the upper tanker be Panama Canal-capable and exceeded that of anything previously deck was the bridge deck with mates’ the beam measured 104 feet. constructed in the United States – and cadets’ staterooms, radio and the The tanker trio would bring oil 478,000 barrels. The standard World ship’s office. The ship’s master enjoyed to California instead of exporting War II 523-ft T2 tanker carried 141,000 a substantial suite on the upper bridge California oil to other states, as Union barrels. deck, with office, lounge, stateroom and

n Other than two instances of being taken hostage to pay reparations for oil spills, Lake Palourde had an uneventful 24-year career without maritime historical consequences . – Terry Tilton collection .

18 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Union Oil History 1898-1982

Union Oil Company of Pioneered use of aerial oil 1890 California founded with 1920 survey techniques merger of three companies: Hardison & Stewart Oil Co., Sespe Oil Co. and Began mining of shale for Torrey Canyon Oil Co. 1921 commercial refining

Union’s first tankerW . L . Introduced ethyl gas for high 1898Hardison delivered by Union 1927compression engines – 76 Iron Works, San Francisco, California octane

Drilled world’s greatest 1901 gusher, 20-foot diameter and 200 feet high Furnished oil for the Southern n Union Oil wells, Orange County, California, in Moved oil to Hawaii by sail, 1928Cross first transpacific flight, 1928 . – Photo courtesy Orange County Archives . 1902 the bark Fullerton from California to Australia Discovered paleontological Union began use of logo Introduced the unleaded 1903 skeletons at La Brea in Los 1935 “Spirit of 76” (referred to 1969 90-octane gas for proposed Angeles during oil search U.S. Independence, not octane) low-compression engines

Union steamer Whittier Discovered huge oil deposit at Drilled first oil well in 1903 improved tanker prototype, 1951 Lake Palourde, Louisiana Indonesia setting tanker design for 70 years 1970 Gulf of Mexico oil platform Drilled in North Sea Union purchased Pacific 1957fire on Tiger raged for 162 1974 1904 Whaling (whale oil) and days converted building to a sales base Union tanker fleet equaled Discovered first oil field in 1976 13 owned and chartered Introduced a tandem tow of 1961 Australia vessels, including VLCC Coalinga 1905 oil vessels to Hawaii Opened first service station Sansinena explosion in Began use of cement to plug 1964 at a major league ballfield – 1976 San Pedro, California, on 1906 for oil wells Los Angeles Dodgers December 17 Achieved success in tests Amalgamated with Pure Oil Union boasted 14,000 retail 1906 of Union oil over coal on 1965 company stations in 45 states British battle fleet 1976 Began development of Union tested self-service gas Invested heavily in San 1966 THUMBS (Texaco, 1977stations 1909Pedro harbor for deepwater Humble, Union, Mobile, Shell) project off access Long Beach. Wells on man-made island Union operated world’s resembled futuristic high-rise buildings 1980 largest geothermal plant, Introduced first road maps on located Northern California 1910 the Pacific Coast despite no Torrey Canyon wreck off road signs 1967 Pollard Rock, United Lake Palourde, last of the Kingdom, on March 18 19821958/59 trio, was taken out Built first “modern” gas of service 1913 station at Mateo and 6th Santa Barbara oil spill leaves street in Los Angeles 1969 no lasting environmental damage, but begins drilling restrictions off California coast

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 19 n The SS Torrey Canyon . – Courtesy of the Los Angeles Maritime Museum .

private bath. Adjacent, two staterooms Hobart galley equipment and Hotpoint amidships and two aft. One of the after accommodated guests. These would be range, oven, fryers and grillers. Simmons lifeboats, with 33-person capacity, had considered similar to basic first-class manufactured all the mattresses. diesel propulsion. Most important, the accommodations on a smaller Atlantic Union Oil purchased some of the tanker trio boasted 12 cargo tanks, further liner. Above the master’s quarters, the finest navigation and safety equipment subdivided into center, port and starboard navigation/bridge deck contained the available for tanker commercial service. tanks, all located on the second deck. ship’s bridge, gyro, chart and radar The engineering spaces contained a large For a massive ship, the propulsion rooms. A streamlined mast atop the carbon dioxide extinguishing system. plant seemed anemic – just 25,000 hp, deckhouse added to the modern look. The cargo tanks, boiler space, forward equivalent to a U.S. Navy 378-ft frigate. The deck house aft also had passage pump room and paint lockers had steam The big tankers were 30 times the size of along the extreme beam. Located there smothering protection. The after pump the 2,600-ton, single-screw escort. Twin were the engineers and crew. The chief room carried a water fog system for Babcock and Wilcox boilers developed engineers had a suite similar to but less fire extinguishing. Extensive saltwater steam pressure at 850 psi and 850-degree spacious than the master’s. Both officers firemain piping included a general temperature, relatively high for tankers. and crew messing flanked the galley. The service pump, a fire pump (Butterworth) The ship’s builders, Newport News, officers enjoyed a separate lounge and and an emergency fire pump. An constructed the turbines, and DeLaval the crew had a recreation space. Above additional fire pump could be found on furnished the reduction gears driving a the poop on the boat deck, aft, the crew the second deck. The ship had space for 24-ft (claimed as the world’s largest in enjoyed a rare tanker feature; a 26- by general cargo forward; kingposts are 1958) propeller at 106 rpm. Important for 15-ft swimming pool. The size of the readily noticeable in the ship’s photo. tankers, the astern turbine could develop ship made the pool possible, a welcome The electrical generating equipment 20,000 hp at 53 rpm. Steam pressure addition to the long, hot passage along contained twin 1,000Kw, 450-volt also drove the four main cargo pumps, the lower latitudes. The 810-ft length generators driven by the main steam capable of 34,000 barrels of product per also made for larger accommodations, pressure. An emergency diesel generator hour (145 tons) at a discharge pressure of all air conditioned, for the 54-man crew. provided power in case of boiler loss and 125 psi. The water ballast pumps were of Petty officers and crew shared facilities, could restart the power plant. The diesel standard horizontal design. The ballast and officers had a private toilet/shower. location on the boat deck protected the water was delivered to #4 center tank Recognized industrial giants provided engine from flooding on a lower level. plus #5 and #7 wing tanks. equipment for the galley and staterooms: There were four lifeboats, two Sansinena took about 11 months to

20 • Summer 2020 PowerShips construct. The keel was laid October 7, economy being on a steady upswing. By tons. Union Oil, with three fairly new 1957, and she was launched August 7, 1963, over one-half of all cargo carried ships, decided to jumboize Lake Palourde 1958, and delivered Octber 24, 1958. In on the ocean was petroleum products. and Torrey Canyon, extending their length quick succession, Torrey Canyon went to from 810 to 975 feet. Union Oil on January 9, 1959, and Lake A Displacement Doubling In 1963, the trio made 18 trips from Palourde on May 25. Automobiles demand oil. Italy had Kuwait to Los Angeles, delivering 8 Sponsoring the Torrey Canyon was Mrs. 300,000 cars at the end of World War million barrels of oil. The two jumbo Arthur Stewart, wife of the Union Oil II, but 20 years later registrations were ships could deliver the same amount Vice President of Executive Committee. 6 million, a twentyfold increase. In the in just 10 trips. Union Oil sent the two Lake Palourde had a christening by Mrs. decade after the war, the number of ships to Japan for the jumbo treatment, Horace C. Flanigan, wife of the Union automobiles in Germany tripled. The the Torrey Canyon to Sasebo Heavy Oil company director and mother of Peter industrial growth and achievements in Industries and the Lake Palourde to Kure Flannigan, president of Barracuda Tankers. Japan were exceeded by no other nation. Shipbuilding and Engineering. The year In a financial move, the ships were Oil consumption in 1957 was 16 million before the Torrey Canyon lengthening, owned by Barracuda Tanker and leased tons; by 1967 it approached 120 million Sasebo completed the Nissho Maru, a to Union Oil. Barracuda Tanker had been created to control all facilities including the actual tankers, shore n The SS Sansinena had installations, pipelines, filling stations, discharged all tanks of crude office buildings, etc. The leasing of the oil and was taking on ballast new tankers to Union Oil was more and fuel when she exploded . profitable than outright ownership. Shown here before the explosion . The ships had a Liberian registry. This – Courtesy of the Los Angeles was, and is today, common. Liberia’s Maritime Museum . monetary currency is the dollar. Companies enjoyed lower labor rates and significant tax advantages by locating crews outside of the United States. Accordingly, Liberia registered more tonnage than either the United States or Great Britain. Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, can be seen on the stern. Growth in Tanker Size The Union Oil tankers followed a standard route from the oil fields in the Arabian Gulf to Los Angeles, mooring at Pier 46 in San Pedro. There would be an occasional trip to Japan when Southern California inventories were high. The growth in tanker size continued rapidly, even phenomenally, in the decade 1958 to 1968. The closure of the Suez Canal in 1956 confounded the tanker market. The trip from the Gulf of Suez to Europe went around the Cape of Good Hope, adding an additional 4,800 miles (two weeks at 13 knots) each way. The additional time at sea generated an immediate tanker shortage and increased barrel delivery pricing. This coincided with the world

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 21 130,000-dwt tanker, the largest ship afloat maximum draft increased by 8 feet to British government. Torrey Canyon began at that time. The Kure Shipyard achieved 54 feet. Dredging work on the channel a second voyage from Kuwait to Britain worldwide acclaim as the warship builder accommodated the ship, but some while under this charter. for the Japanese Navy, including the sections had no more than 20 inches Loading in February 1967 at Mina al largest-ever battleship, Yamato. clearance. Six tugs assisted in mooring Ahmadi, Kuwait, required 15 hours, even The ships increased 165 feet in length the large tanker. with the gravity flow through a 40-inch and 21 feet in beam. The shipyards A month later, Torrey Canyon grounded pipeline at 8,000 tons per hour. The lifted the midships deckhouse intact and in the channel, but suffered no damage or voyage under BP charter seemed routine, replaced it after the new midsection was spillage. Additional dredging increased and the ship passed the Canary Islands added. The ships could no longer go the channel clearance, but it came to less on March 14 with a scheduled arrival on through the Panama or Suez Canals. than an additional foot of depth. March 18 at Milford Haven, Wales. The The engineering plant maintained its master laid out a course to pass the Scilly original specifications. Torrey Canyon, an Islands on the starboard side of the ship. Surprisingly, the now 975-ft ships lost Environmental Disaster Four days later, on Saturday, just before just a knot of transit speed. The length of Two years after the simple grounding, 7 a.m., the Scilly Islands appeared on the trip increased from 58 to 63 days. The Torrey Canyon met a fate that had radar to the port side of the ship instead original capacity of 67,000 tons jumped worldwide consequences. In 1966, Union of starboard. The LORAN system, if fully to 115,000 tons, 470,000 barrels to Oil made the ship available to charter, operable (and properly operated), could 850,000. Deadweight tonnage increased and British Petroleum accepted. The have given data for course adjustments to 123,000. Not even twice as long, the charter to British Petroleum appeared enroute to the Scilly Islands. The tanker rebuilt ships delivered six times as much complex: The ship was owned by remained at full speed, 16 knots, and on as the T2 tankers, delivering oil to Los American interests, incorporated in automatic pilot. At this point there were Angeles for less than a penny per gallon. Liberia, doing business in Bermuda, three choices: alter course to port and put When the new Lake Palourde entered leased to Union Oil, crewed by Italians, clear the Scilly Islands on the starboard Los Angeles harbor on April 15, 1965, and chartered to British Petroleum, side; turn sharp east and clear all the she was the largest ship to enter port. Her which was 49-percent owned by the Scilly Islands (including Seven Stones) to

n In February 1967, navigating between Scilly Islands and Seven Stones reef off the coast of the United Kingdom, Torrey Canyon struck Pollard Rock and began spilling what would amount to 20 to 30 million gallons of petroleum . – Terry Tilton collection .

22 • Summer 2020 PowerShips port, or head between the Scilly Islands n Torrey Canyon wreck . and Seven Stones. – Terry Tilton collection . The Seven Stones are seven pinnacles of granite, northeast of the Scilly Islands, that aren’t visible at high tide. They’re responsible for countless wrecks, and are marked by a light ship first established there in 1841. During the period 1699 to 1933, 257 wrecks were recorded, including many at Seven Stones. Inexplicably, the master took the nearest route and decided to pass between St. Mary’s (of the Scilly Islands) and the Seven Stones. This should have been satisfactory since the smallest distance between the northernmost island (St. n Eight days after the wreck, Martin) and Seven Stones was 6.5 miles. the SS Torrey Canyon broke Bishops Rock became visually apparent in half . – Courtesy of the Los at 7:45 a.m. The deck watch changed Angeles Maritime Museum . at 8 a.m. and fixed the ship’s position. Remaining on the pre-established course, the master actually sent the helmsman below to look for ashtrays. At 8:18, Master Rugiati made the decision to come left and head between the Scilly Islands and Seven Stones, adjusting the course. The next turn was planned for about 8:40. The ship’s position was again determined at 8:38, but by a single radar range and bearing off the Round Island Lighthouse on the northern island of the Scillies. The fix put the ship 6.5 miles east of the lighthouse, mid-channel approaching the proposed course change. Soon the navigation picture muddled and the master sent the helmsman to the starboard wing to look out for the rocks, which weren’t visible at that time of day and year. An operational fathometer would have shown the decreasing water depth. At 8:40, the watch took another range and bearing, but this time off the Seven Stones lightship, better distinguishable than any Scilly Island landmarks, fixing the ship at a distance of just 5,000 yards off the Seven Stones. This is a rather close margin for a ship nearly 1,000 feet long with limited backing power, and it reduced maneuverability. With the helmsman out on the lookout for invisible rocks, the master switched the wheel from automatic to manual at 8:42 and

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 23 turned it himself due north. The fix at Twenty-four hours after smashing the hydrocarbons. But for the salvage of the 8:48 revealed the ship to be a mere 1,000 rocks, the Torrey Canyon hull dumped oil Torrey Canyon and her remaining oil, the yards from the charted Pollard Rock. at an uncontrollable rate; the resulting risk appeared acceptable. Now they were in real trouble, and the slick measured 100 square miles. The On March 21, a thunderous explosion helmsman, inside the bridge, was ordered spill size and damage would eventually rocked the ship, blowing out the skylight to come hard left, but the ship didn’t exceed 250 square miles. and destroying the swimming pool. respond. The master ran to the helm and Although salvage crews expressed Numerous injuries accompanied the noticed that the steering selector switch pessimism that the ship could be saved, blast, with three individuals going over was in “control” instead of “manual.” efforts were made. Air compressors were the side. One of the two in the water, This was a disengaged position for hoisted aboard to push pressurized air a Dutch salvage crewman, eventually maintenance and adjustments. At 8:49 into the tanks; with this and an unusually passed away, remarkably the only death he threw the switch to manual, and the high tide they hoped to float the ship off in the accident. An 18-ft hole appeared big tanker began turning to port, when the rock. Unfortunately, the rock still through three decks. The absolute cause she came to a sudden stop, colliding with penetrated 12 feet into the hull. of the explosion has never been recorded, Pollard Rock at 8:50. By Monday, all the gas-driven pumps and speculation abounded. The granite ripped open the bottom were on line, and while the list was The ship’s master had remained aboard of the ship, drawing 54 feet, and oil reduced, the increase in buoyancy was after the grounding, in a vain attempt to began to spew out, 16 miles from the negligible. Generators, also gas-driven, retain a modicum of his reputation, but most popular beach resort in England. were brought aboard to provide light departed after the explosion. He had been Captain Rugiati ordered full speed in the flooded engine room and other there to “oversee” and provide assistance astern, but the tanker didn’t budge. Just primary spaces. during the salvage. one hour after sighting the Scilly Islands, Subsequent events could have Eight days after the wreck, the Torrey the Torrey Canyon began to spill 20 to 30 predicted the later Sansinena explosion. Canyon broke in half, parting just aft of million gallons of petroleum. By 9:15, the With the combination of volatile portions the forward deckhouse. It was decided to boilers had extinguished and the pumps in the crude oil and gasoline engine bomb the wreck, opening up remaining were out of commission. fumes, a single spark would ignite the tanks in anticipation that a significant

n The SS Lake Palourde was named after a huge oil field in Louisiana . – Courtesy of the Los Angeles Maritime Museum .

24 • Summer 2020 PowerShips portion of the remaining oil would be Sunday, April 9. The residents weren’t training and ship operations. They believed burned off. Bombs, rockets and napalm, prepared, and the 40-mph winds from that this should have resulted in a more used for three days, achieved some the northwest made things even worse. severe punishment than loss of a license. success. Eventually France demanded reparations The oil came ashore over a 140-mile from Barracuda Tankers. Lake Palourde, a distance, from the Lizard, east of Mounts Several post-wreck inquiries found the Convenient Hostage Bay, to Trevose Head, north of Newquay; master at fault. The ship had two main Lake Palourde became the victim of the high concentration between the navigational aids operating at a reduced two attempts to guarantee reparations wreck and Penzance proved virtually capability. The master’s imprudent for the oil spill damage from Barracuda unconquerable. decision to pass east of the Scilly Islands Tankers. On July 15, 1967, Lake Palourde The enormity of this new type of was criticized. The steering gear had been was arrested in Singapore. Great Britain disaster, the lack of expertise and the improperly adjusted. A lack of situational sought $8 million in damages against inadequacy of the equipment weakened awareness and suspect navigational the $17-million value of the tanker. She the resolve of government and locals to pictures should have mandated a major was bailed out three days later. clean the mess. The insurance payout for reduction in speed. The onboard volume France, noting the success of Britain the ship was the highest ever paid for a of Sailing Directions was long outdated. This against Barracuda Tankers, attempted casualty at sea, even exceeding the Andrea was considered one of the most serious to re-arrest the Lake Palourde as she left Doria-Stockholm collision. After the ship disasters in maritime history, the largest port. A bailiff could serve or attach went under, Lloyds estimated her lasting ship ever wrecked, and Captain Rugiati a notice to any part of the hull as she value at only $50,000, the value of the was stripped of his master’s license by left port, heading out after the ship remaining powered lifeboat. Liberia. in a motor launch. But the launch Across the channel in France, Many professional mariners felt that couldn’t reach the ship before she exited authorities had little initial concern. the punishment didn’t reach the level of territorial waters. Undeterred, on April Soon a sheet of oil 30 miles long and five the crime. The Torrey Canyon wreck was Fool’s Day, 1968, France had her seized miles wide needed attention, ultimately an unbelievable display of negligence at Rotterdam until a bond of $7.6 reaching the coast of Brittany on in handling the responsibilities of crew million had been secured. Covering the Ship Scene for 61 Years How big is that boat? When was it built? Where is it from? 2020 Find out in KYS! 200 Pages • Updated Annually Vessel Listings • Stacks & Flags Stories about Ships & Sailors Easy ordering at knowyourships.com Marine Publishing Co. 317 S. Division St. # 8 Ann Arbor, MI 48104 • 734-668-4734 [email protected]

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 25 Windows on Princess Louise shattered, scaring attendees at Sansinena Explodes in San Pedro a Christmas party. Broken glass littered Gaffey Street. The Sansinena, the first-built of the trio and the one never Sansinena’s entire midships section disintegrated. The resulting jumboized, suffered a tremendous explosion on December 17, blaze took three hours to extinguish. 1976, in San Pedro, California. The ship had previously run As with other major catastrophes, several events combined to aground on February 13, 1975, with no spillage. cause the accident. The National Transportation Safety Board Sansinena moored at San Pedro at 12:15 a.m. on December and the Coast Guard Marine Casualty report 16732/71895 16, 1976, and began to offload 20 million gallons of Indonesian delineated many findings: all pressure vacuum relief valves light crude. Bunker fuel pumping commenced at 9:25 and and tank covers were open; flame screens were well beyond ballasting operations began at 5:25 p.m. Preparations were their expected lifetimes; cargo vent piping was deteriorated; made to get the ship underway that evening at 11 p.m. inspections were inadequate; and other shortcomings. The For the trip to Indonesia, the ship intended to ballast 23,000 largest contributing factor was the concentration of hydrocarbons tons. As the ballasting process approached 10,000 tons, at 8:38 above the main deck, usually dissipated by wind but held in p.m., a thunderous explosion rocked the ship and surrounding place by a heavy dew. The conduct of the ballasting operations area. The blast was heard 40 miles away, with some windows was contrary to Terminal Safety Guidelines, International Oil breaking in Costa Mesa and 20 miles north. Practices and the Tanker Safety Guide (Petroleum). The midships deckhouse blew off the ship virtually intact, First responders came quickly, but the fire burned out landing about 200 yards away atop a guard shack. The guard’s of control. Some of the Sansinena bunkering oil burned off, body was never recovered. Where it landed, the pier was but 20,000 to 30,000 barrels of the heavy fuel sank and was penetrated 30 feet. Rivets from the midships belt flew at bullet reportedly 18 inches deep beneath the ship. speed. Most reports indicate that nine people died, three were The insurance payout was $21.6 million; the ship itself was never recovered and 46 were injured. valued at $7.8 million.

n SS Sansinena suffered a tremendous explosion with drastic consequences on December 17, 1976, while moored in the Port of Los Angeles . – Courtesy of the Los Angeles Maritime Museum .

26 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Other Union Oil Tanker Losses

he loss of Torrey Canyon and Sansinena were not the only Union Oil tanker casualties. Losses began with their first tanker, W .L . Hardison, which burnt out at the Ventura pier in 1889 after a mate lowered a lamp Tinto a tank to determine oil level. Her remaining contents were sold at auction July 8, 1889. Tanker Lyman Stewart sank n SS Sansinena wreck . – Terry Tilton collection . in 1922 after going aground off San Francisco Bay following The master, Captain Bovone, received rebuke for his a collision. The 422-ft Montebello, built by Southwestern lackadaisical approach to his duties, including a complete lack Shipbuilding of San Pedro, of crew fire drills on the trip across the Pacific Ocean. As in the became an early World War II Torrey Canyon disaster, the officers failed in their responsibility to casualty; sunk by a Japanese the ship, crew and surrounding civilian populations. submarine, I-21, just two weeks In the harbor, the oil spill containment wasn’t completely after the Pearl Harbor attack. finished until December 28, 1976. In mid-January 1977, She still lies on the bottom, six workers used torches to separate the bow section from the miles off San Simeon. Gurney wreckage and had it towed to a Terminal Island scrapyard. E . Newlin, (built by Bethlehem, Berth 46 became unusable for 16 months and never Sparrows Point, 1939) sank reopened to supertankers, remaining generally unused for 40 in October, 1944, struck by a years. It remains today as an auxiliary pier for the berthing of torpedo fired by U606 in the cruise ships on days when all berths at the Los Angeles Cruise n SS Lyman Stewart, wrecked North Atlantic . L .P . St . Clair, Terminal are in use. off Lands End, San Francisco, sister to the Newlin, collided California, October 7, 1922 . – with MSTS Sadao Munemori in Lake Palourde Ends Service San Francisco Maritime Museum May 20, 1951 off Vancouver After her arrests in 1967, Lake Palourde had an uneventful photo . Island in Puget Sound. 24-year career without maritime historical consequences. She did undergo complete mechanical alterations as a result of lessons learned from the Sansinena. Barracuda Tankers steamed the ship until 1982, idling her in Portland, Oregon, until 1984, when she was towed to Taiwan and scrapped. Union Oil, in the meantime, had bought the Coalinga, which carried nearly three times as much oil as Lake Palourde. The company used the Coalinga and chartered tankers to transport oil, and the notorious reputation of its earlier trio of tankers is n SS Montebello was an early World War II casualty, sunk by a left to history.  Japanese submarine . – City of Vancouver Archives .

The Union Oil Lompoc of 1944, a standard T2 tanker About the Author of 523-ft length (built as Jordan Valley by Kaiser, Portland), Captain Terry Tilton, USN, Ret., and Victor H . Kelly, caught fire on July 12, 1952, while SSHSA board member, a ship enthusiast transferring crude oil at Oleum, California. The fire began for 50 years, has deck and engineering on the pier, spreading to the Kelly, which sank at the pier. experience on steam, diesel, nuclear and gas While Lompoc was rebuilt, the Kelly became a total loss. turbine ships. A graduate of the U.S. Naval The 1952 Santa Maria, 530 feet long, (built by Bethlehem Academy, he has been underway on 200 ships Sparrows Point), collided with a tug/tow while headed up the and commanded the USS Peoria during Columbia River to Portland on Christmas Eve, 1967, and Operation Desert Storm. He and his wife, subsequently ran aground. Later Santa Maria, while delivering Mary Pat, reside in San Diego, California. oil to Alaska after the massive 1964 earthquake, caught fire after a collision just one mile from the Anchorage waterfront. 

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 27 Marine Propulsion To The Modern Era

28 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Marine Propulsion – Modern Marine Engines arine propulsion, the means of making a ship move, has become an increasingly complex segment of the maritime industry over the years as more power is squeezed from less fuel, and new Marine Propulsion environmental regulations impact acceptable engine exhaust emissions. The by Jim Shaw size and power output of To The Modern Era the largest marine diesels have also continued to increase, with Germany’s MAN Energy Solutions having developed the MAN B&W 14K98ME-C7 engine, which can generate 115,000 BHP M(84,280 kW) at 104 rpm, making it the most powerful marine engine to date. Like most modern marine diesels, the MAN B&W engine is considered more environmentally friendly than n The wooden-hulled 56-ft by 18-ft its predecessors in that electronic control of fuel injection and Charlotte Dundas was completed exhaust valves are used to provide lower fuel consumption at Grangemouth, Scotland, in 1802 and lower cylinder-oil consumption while improving emission and used a horizontal steam engine characteristics. Even cleaner is the 12X92DF engine developed to move a rod and crank that turned by WinGD, a dual-fuel powerplant rated at 63,840 kW that a large paddle wheel mounted in a can burn LNG and traditional marine fuels. However, the dry central upstand in the hull . – National weight of these massive engines is between 2,100 tons and 2,200 Maritime Museum . tons, and their fuel requirements are tremendous. A 108,920 BHP 14-cylinder RTA96-C engine burns about 13.75 tonnes of fuel per hour or 330 tonnes per 24-hour period at a cost of $375 per tonne (if bunkered in Singapore). Marine Propulsion Through the Years The history of mechanical marine propulsion, following centuries of reliance on sail, is relatively short. In the late 1700s, both John Fitch and James Rumsey in the United States came up with designs for rudimentary steam propulsion devices based on James Watt’s steam engine of 1769. Rumsey tested a small craft on the Potomac River in 1786, while Fitch followed with a larger 45-ft boat on the Delaware River in 1787. Neither was a commercial success, and it was left to Robert Fulton to introduce his North River Steamboat on the Hudson River in 1807, the first commercially successful steamer. This progress was matched in Europe by William Symington’s towboat Charlotte Dundas on the Forth and Clyde Canal in 1802, followed by Henry Bell’s passenger-carrying Comet of 1912 on the River Clyde. By 1819, the steam- and sail-powered City of Savannah was able to make a steam-assisted crossing of the Atlantic (See

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 29 n Completed in 1894, the 104-ft by 8.5-ft coal-fired Turbinia was the world’s first steam turbine ship and also the world’s fastest vessel built to that date, with a speed of 34 5. knots . Demonstrated at Spithead in 1897, the boat was retired in 1908 but reconstructed in the 1980s and is now on display at the Newcastle Museum of Science and Engineering in Great Britain . – Newcastle Museum of Science and Engineering photo .

PowerShips No. 309), followed by steam-only Cape Breton in 1833 granted a license by Diesel, built the first opposed-piston, and steamers City of Kingston, Sirius and Great Western in semi- reversing diesel, a four-stroke model developing 25.5 HP. This regular service by 1838. Within another year, John Ericsson engine was installed in the 124.5-foot-long canal boat Petit had invented the first propulsion system based on the screw Pierre, a trendsetting vessel that also boasted a variable-pitch propeller, and the modern steam turbine was invented in 1884 propeller. by Charles Parsons, a gentleman who dramatically unveiled his Larger versions of the Sautter-Harle diesel were then new idea at the 1897 Spithead naval review in England with his installed in several French submarines, a military application “speedboat” Turbinia. Rudolph Diesel was inventing his “diesel” that may have played a part in Rudolph Diesel’s mysterious engine at the same time, the first practical operating model of death. He disappeared from the cross-channel ferry Dresden which was displayed in the same year that Turbinia made its in 1913, his body found floating a few days later by the Coast famous run. Guard. Ironically, only the year before, Denmark’s Burmeister & Wain had delivered the Selandia to the Danish East Asiatic The Diesel Company as one of the world’s first ocean-going motor ships. Although coal-powered steamers ended the age of sail in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the steam turbine and Two-Stroke & Four-Stroke diesel engine would close the world’s final coaling stations for Selandia, a marvel of her time, was to spark a revolution these early steamers by the mid-1950s. in shipping and ship design, despite the lack of a proper The first diesel engines to be placed in a ship’s hull were funnel. She was powered by two four-stroke, reversible diesel three 3-cylinder engines mounted aboard the 244-ft long engines developing 1,250 HP each at 140 rpm. Within months Vandal in 1903. This electro-mechanical arrangement made of Selandia’s introduction, another diesel-powered ship was Vandal, a shallow-draft Russian petroleum tanker, the world’s completed - Hamburg Sud’s 3,693gt Monte Penedo, the first vessel first motor vessel and the world’s first diesel-electric-powered to be powered by two-stroke diesels. Her twin Sulzer-built ship. Within a year, Sautter-Harle of Paris, which had been engines developed a combined 1,675HP at 160 rpm.

30 • Summer 2020 PowerShips A Modern Marine Diesel Engine

odern marine diesel engines are not too much different from what you would find in a commercial truck running down the highway except in size and weight. The principle is the same, but there are some differences. Marine diesels are designed to add cylinders to meet horsepower needs, and the larger engines use a crosshead to eliminate sideways pressure on the piston while it’s moving in the cylinder. The biggest engines are also large enough to be entered forM maintenance and inspection needs, and most use pistons capable of receiving injected oil for cooling purposes along with changeable cylinder liners. The photos here record the components and construction of a Wärtsilä-Sulzer (now WinGD) RTA96-C diesel engine designed to propel a large container ship at better than 22 knots. (all photos courtesy of Wärtsilä)

n Installing the 16-inch-wide thin-shell bearings n Pistons for a Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C engine that will support a Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C await assembly, the bottoms showing the holes where turbocharged two-stroke engine’s 300-ton crankshaft . n The piston and piston rod assembly of a large the oil-injecting “spikes” of the piston rods will fit. two-stroke crosshead type engine . The large square “foot” at the bottom of the rod will be bolted to the top of the crosshead pin, which will ride in lubricated “slippers” or guides and connect the piston rod to the crankshaft connecting rod, thus removing sideways thrust from the cylinder bore .

n The cylinder deck of a 10-cylinder Wärtsilä- n Fitting of the crankshaft in the gondola- n Piston rods for a Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C Sulzer RTA96-C engine receiving its ductile style bedplate of a 10-cylinder Wärtsilä-Sulzer engine await assembly . They carry “spikes” on the cast-iron cylinder liners prior to the fitting of the RTA96-C . The geared turning wheel at the end top that are actually hollow tubes that will fit into cylinder heads . will mesh with the turning gear to allow rotation holes in the bottom of the pistons and will inject oil of the engine to any desired degree position . into the pistons to help keep them from overheating . Note that the space for each crank throw also incorporates inspection ladders (white rungs) .

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 31 The development of these large, commercially viable engines and fuel economy. These engines, which can stand over 50ft had been preceded by another Sulzer-built diesel installed in tall and weigh more than 2,000 tons, have power outputs the small cargo vessel Venoge in 1904 - an engine that had to be of more than 107,000 HP (80MW) and can operate in a stopped and then restarted to operate the ship in reverse. This range of approximately 60 rpm to 120 rpm. This low speed problem was overcome a year later when the first two-stroke, eliminates the need for gearing to the propeller, which higher- direct reversible engine was built by Sulzer, a four-cylinder speed engines require, and the big diesels can also burn the unit producing 88.5 HP. The use of four-stroke and two-stroke cheapest fuel available, Heavy Fuel Oil or Bunker C (No.6), engines, the power stroke taking place on every two revolutions although this requires a heated delivery system because of of the crankshaft on the four-stroke model and every revolution the oil’s high viscosity. Its use is restricted for environmental of the crankshaft on the two-stroke model, continues down to reasons unless an exhaust gas cleaning system is employed to this day, with the largest marine diesels normally being two- remove contaminates. In today’s marine market, most of these stroke and the smaller and faster engines normally four-stroke. large engines are built under license through MAN Energy Solutions, a subsidiary of the German MAN AG group that acquired Burmeister & Wain (B&W) in 1980, and Winterthur Modern Diesels Gas & Diesel Ltd, once known as Sulzer and broken away from Although high-speed, four-stroke diesel engines capable Finland’s Wärtsilä group several years ago. of operating at 1,200 rpm and above are available on the market, they seldom see marine applications outside of the workboat, fishing and yachting sectors. Much more common World’s Most Powerful Marine Diesel on large ships are medium-speed diesels operating at In competition with the new MAN B&W 115,000 bhp approximately 300 to 1,200 rpm, which are the main drivers engine is the 14-cylinder Wärtsilä RT-flex96C turbocharged of electrical generating sets and prime movers for large tugs, two-stroke engine, which is capable of delivering 108,920 HP. river boats and coastal vessels. The very largest engines in this This powerplant, used in some of the world’s largest container category, capable of providing more than 30,000 HP (22,400 ships, including Maersk Line’s 157,000-dwt Emma Maersk class, kW), are used to power ships, such as ferries and ro-ros, in which the vessel’s internal configuration would make use of tall n Although often noted as the world’s first large ocean-going motorship, the two-stroke, low-speed crosshead engines difficult. 1912-built Sealandia, seen here berthing at Vancouver, British Columbia, The latter powerplant has come to be the engine of in the 1930s, was actually preceded by the 1910-built tanker Vulcanus, choice for most large commercial ships because of its power which made use of a 6-cylinder Werkspoor diesel developing 450 bhp . – Frost Collection .

32 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Ship Ship of the of the Ye a r Ye a r 2016 2002

Visit USCGC INGHAM (WHEC-35) 1936-1988 National Historic Landmark & National Memorial to Coast Guardsmen who lost their lives in combat from WWII through Viet Nam. • Awarded two Naval Presidential Unit Citations for her service during Vietnam. • Credited with sinking U-Boat 626 during convoy duty in the North Atlantic • Served in Atlantic, Mediterranean and Philippine Theaters and Command Ship for the amphibious landings for General MacArthur’s return to Corregidor. Don’t miss the opportunity to tour this ship and learn about its remarkable history. INGHAM is located in Key West on the Truman Waterfront Park. You Can Visit …You Can Help The foundation seeks n Most ocean-going coal-fired ships were retired by the mid-1950s, but a few donations to continue restoration of this important vessel. museum pieces still remain, including the 1953-built Badger, considered the Please send your tax-deductible contributions to: last large coal-burning steamship still operating in the United States . – Lake USCGC INGHAM Memorial Museum

Michigan Carferry Service photo . P.0. Box 186, Key West, Florida 33041 • Phone: (305)-395-9554 Andy Newman www.uscgcingham.org Photo: features a cylinder bore of 96cm (about 38 inches) and a stroke of 250cm (a little over 98 inches), with each of the 14 cylinders displacing 1,820 liters (111,143 cubic inches) and producing 7,780 horsepower. Full displacement of the powerplant, which is nearly 90 feet long, weighs over 2,100 tons and stands five stories high, is 1,556,002 cubic inches. Fuel consumption at maximum power setting is 0.278 lbs per hp per hour (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption or BSFC), while consumption at maximum economy is 0.260 lbs/hp/hour. At maximum economy, the engine exceeds 50 percent thermal efficiency, meaning that more than 50 percent of the energy in the fuel is converted to motion. This compares to most automotive engines that have BSFC figures in the 0.40-0.60 lbs/hp/hr range and a thermal efficiency of about 25 to 30 percent. Even at its most efficient power setting, however, the big Wärtsilä engine consumes considerable fuel, using 270 to 330 tonnes per 24-hour period. Short & Long Stroke Like most modern marine diesels, the Wärtsilä RT-flex96 engine has been developed with such parts commonality that it can be delivered in a number of cylinder variations, all using the same cylinder bore and basic engine bedplate. This holds true for Wärtsilä’s smaller RT82 engines, which feature an 82cm (32.3 inch) cylinder bore, with the C version of this powerplant featuring a stroke of 2,646 mm (104 inches). The T version has a longer stoke of 3,375 mm (133 inches). The short-

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 33 n Big enough to propel a loaded product tanker of approximately 50,000-dwt at a service speed of 15 knots, this B&W 6S50 six-cylinder engine develops 10,480 bhp at 122 .6 RPM while having a daily fuel consumption of just over 31 metric tons . – NASSCO photo .

34 • Summer 2020 PowerShips n The cruise ship Athini laid up in Eleusis Bay on July 16, 1986 . – Peter J . Fitzpatrick photo .

stroke model, available in six- to 12-cylinder versions, can cover a n The 14-cylinder Wärtsilä RT-flex96C turbocharged two-stroke engine, power range of 21,720 kW to 54,240 kW at 87rev/min to 102 rev/ which is capable of delivering 108,920 hp, is able to propel a fully loaded min, making it a good choice for Panamax-size container ships 170,800-gt container ship at a speed of better than 25 knots . – Wärtsilä/ that require a service speed of around 24 knots. The long-stroke WinGD photo . engine, which can be built in six- to nine-cylinder models covering a power output range of 21,720 kW to 40,680 kW at 68 rev/min to in 1998. The first series-built engine, a Sulzer 6RT-flex58T-B of 80 rev/min, is designed for shaft speeds required by large tankers 11,275 kW (15,120 HP), was installed in the self-discharging bulk in the 200,000dwt to 350,000dwt class. A step below this engine is carrier Gypsum Centennial in 2001. the RT50 series, also available in multiple cylinder versions, which The “common rail,” long used in smaller diesels, is actually a features power ranges from 5,800 kW to 13,280 kW and is well- tube that can carry fuel under very high pressure (up to 2,000 bar) suited to the needs of bulk carriers in the Handymax to Panamax to computer-controlled injector valves. It does away with the older size range, as well as product tankers and smaller container ships. distributor-type injection pump and several other mechanical components. Superior combustion performance is achieved by maintaining the fuel injection pressure at the optimum level across Smokeless Engines the engine speed range. In addition, a selective shutoff of single The Wärtsilä RT-flex series engines represent a move injectors and optimized exhaust valve timing is available to help towards providing smokeless engine operation at all ship speeds, keep smoke emissions below the visible limit, even at very low a feature that is now much in demand because of tightening engine speeds. Valve actuation is also electronically controlled, environmental regulations. Exhaust stack emissions are the most doing away with the need for a mechanical camshaft and gear. notable feature of ship pollution as seen by the general public. The MAN B&W and other diesel manufacturers have similar development of the Sulzer RT-flex system, which incorporates systems, but the trade-off in these more environmentally common-rail fuel injection, along with integral electronic control, friendly engines is in engine construction cost and the more began in 1993 and was first applied to a full-scale research engine sophisticated maintenance requirements.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 35 More Fuel Economy - Less Air Pollution The Imo 2020 Mandate In the continuing development of the marine diesel, Looking toward a cleaner future, the International two goals now reign supreme: better fuel economy and less air Maritime Organization (IMO) instituted new regulations pollution. Space utilization is also a factor, with shipowners limiting the sulfur content of bunker fuel to 0.5 percent at wanting minimal interference with revenue-earning spaces and the start of this year, a reduction of over 80 percent from higher-horsepower engines that can be used to replace older previous levels. This is part of the organization’s commitment engines without enlarging the original machinery space. This to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2, in the is seeing more compact diesels developed, as well as a move world’s merchant fleet by at least 50 percent over the next by more owners towards electro-mechanical propulsion. This three decades when compared to 2008 baseline figures. Most uses diesel/generating sets placed almost anywhere in the ship commercial ships have been burning Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) that are connected to the motorized propulsion units, such as since the 1960s because it is the cheapest fuel on the market, Azipods, by electrical cables. Such a system, using four Wartsila with around 180 million tonnes consumed annually at a 16V46 common rail diesels, each with a maximum continuous price of around $350 per tonne. However, its use in certain output of 22,840 bhp (16,800 kW) at 514 rev/min, is used to areas has been limited over the past decade following the power the Queen Mary 2 in conjunction with two GE LM2500 establishment of Emission Control Areas (ECAs) in North gas turbine-generator sets and Mermaid propulsion pods. This America, Northern Europe, Antarctica and, to a certain combined diesel and gas turbine, or CODAG system, provides extent, the Arctic. To meet the ECA regulations, and more a total of 157,000hp and a top speed of better than 30 knots. recent IMO mandates, ship operators have been following three basic paths: switching to low-sulphur fuel but at a higher n Cunard’s Queen Mary 2 is powered by four Wärtsilä diesel engines, cost (roughly $200 more than HFO per ton); continuing to supplemented by two GE LM2500 gas turbines, with a total output of 118 use high-sulphur fuel but installing “scrubbers” to clean the MW and powering four 20-MW Mermaid-podded propulsion units, two exhaust; or using a cleaner alternative fuel, such as liquefied fixed and two azimuthing, with each pod incorporating an electric AC motor natural gas (LNG), which requires engine modifications and that directly drives a fixed-pitch propeller. – Cunard photo. the installation of large cryogenic fuel tanks.

36 • Summer 2020 PowerShips The Lighthouse News & History Magazine Features: • Colorful and Vintage Lighthouse Photos. n The world’s only operating nuclear-powered commercial vessel, Russia’s • Stories of 38,226-gt Sevmorput, was returned to service in 2016 to carry supplies Lighthouse Keepers, and material across the Northern Sea Route . – Rosatom photo . Past & Present. • Restoration Projects Nautical Antiques, Keeper’s Korner, Alternative Energy Sources Events Calendar. A number of auxiliary propulsion and fuel-saving devices Subscribe at - such as Flettner rotors, fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, kites $5 off our and sails - are also being employed to cut down on fuel use and Railway & Locomotive Historical Society 1/4 Page Square CMYK regular rates. emissions. In addition, several companies have been testing the SSHSA PowerShips Spring 2019 Just $29.95! potential use of such “clean” fuels as alcohol, biomethane, hydrogen and ammonia. The IMO’s Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), which indicates the energy efficiency of a ship in terms of Request a Free Sample Copy! CO2 per tonne-mile at a specific draft and speed, is requiring ships PO Box 250, East Machias, ME 04630 • (207)259-2121 completed since 2015 to achieve certain efficiency targets. A similar www.LighthouseDigest.com/sshs indexing method, EEXI, is now being examined for older vessels. Beyond hardware, ship operators are also looking at operational refinements, including slow-speed steaming and the possibility of limiting the maximum main engine power of each Bridging the continent type of vessel. Lloyd’s Register has even suggested that nuclear power be reconsidered, as it is a “zero-emission” solution from Atlantic to Pacific that does not emit any SOx, NOx, CO2 or particulates. The UP AT 150 • “PACIFIC” RAILROADS • TRAVELING COAST TO COAST IN 1870 • INSIDE EMD, PART 3 In the Spring-Summer 2019 Y&L A OC W O IL M A O

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C London-based classification society notes that nuclear energy I S N T I • O Y R T RAILROAD I RAILROAD E C I A L S OC Maury Klein, the dean of Union is millions of times more power-dense than fossil fuels and HISTORY R Pacific historians, reflects on A all other alternative fuel options being considered, and is the I the enduring significance of L R O 150 years of transcontinental only “proven solution” currently available that is capable A D railroading. Also, the final of replacing fossil fuels in almost all marine applications. H I installment of “Inside EMD,” S T According to Lloyds, there have been around 700 nuclear O a step-by-step look at the R Y reactors operational at sea since the mid-1950s, Teaserand TBA: See about page 00. 100 locomotive-building process. are in operation today, largely in naval vessels.  Join R&LHS today at rlhs.org or send $35 for 2019 U.S. membership (includes two

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C I S N four Quarterly Newsletters ) to T I • O Y R T IC IE About the Author A L OC S R&LHS, PO Box 2913, ThE RAILwAy & LOCOMOTIVE hISTORICAL SOCIETy NUMBER 220 SPRING-SUMMER 2019 SSHSA member Jim Shaw, ThE JOURNAL OF ThE RAILwAy & LOCOMOTIVE hISTORICAL SOCIETy NUMBER 220 Pflugerville TX 78691-2913 PowerShips’ West Coast Regional Editor, Founded in 1921, R&LHS is the oldest railroad his- AY&LO W C obtained his U .S . Merchant Mariner’s L O torical society in North America. Our award-winning I M A O Document in 1966 and has been writing R T 128-page journal Railroad History blends scholarly I

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world’s premier publications devoted to the history H • C A former diesel mechanic, he maintains a I S N T I of technology. Membership includes the Quarterly • O strong interest in all engines, from the smallest Y Newsletter and optional affiliation with any of ten R T IC IE Cummins to the largest MAN B&W, and regional Chapters. A L S OC all horsepower ratings in between . R&LHS membership is only $35 per year. Join today at rlhs.org

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 37 NASA’s Moonship Fleet by Eric Pearson

38 • Summer 2020 PowerShips ASA’s Manned Space Flight Network provided tracking, telemetry and communications with manned spacecraft, starting with Project Mercury and continuing with the Gemini, Apollo and Skylab programs. The network during the Apollo program consisted of land stations in the United States and six foreign countries, as well as five modified instrumentation ships. Missions prior to Apollo employed instrumentation ships focusing on spacecraft in low earth orbit, but Apollo required support for deep-space missions. It was necessary that the Apollo instrumentation ships, also called Moonships, have n The Mission San Fernando under tow entering the Quincy, the same equipment as the ground network stations and be closely Massachusetts, shipyard for conversion to a Missile Range Instrumentation integrated into network operations. Ship . – U .S . Air Force photo from Patrick AFB archives .

Apollo Ship Acquisition The Navy established the Instrumentation Ship Project & Procurement Office, where they would be in charge, with the USAF and In the early 1960s, NASA and the Department of Defense NASA as deputies. General Dynamics was selected as the did a study to see whether the instrumentation ships that were prime contractor to modify the ships. The Navy originally being used for the Atlantic Missile Range could support Apollo. named the 19-class ships after cities with no connection to the The DOD concluded that the existing ships could meet NASA’s space program, until NASA engineer Earl Hilburn suggested needs, but their assumptions were based on an incomplete using the names from the agency’s first space projects. The knowledge of the requirements. NASA Deputy Administrator Navy agreed and the names were changed. Dr. Robert Seamens pushed back in a letter to the DOD dated January 21, 1963, arguing that the space agency needed ships The 19-Class Ships equipped with improved traffic communication lines and The three 19-class ships were the USNS Vanguard, USNS larger dish antennas that could track and communicate with Redstone, and the USNS Mercury. They were World War II T-2 spacecraft at lunar distances out of radar range. None of the tankers modified to accommodate instrumentation systems, instrumentation ships at the time had these capabilities. A support equipment, storage and personnel. This included special committee with representatives from NASA, the Air adding a 72-ft midsection to accommodate the high-tech Force and the Navy was formed to study the problem, and after equipment. They carried “325 tons of instrumentation, enough much discussion it was agreed to augment the instrumentation electronic hardware to fill a football field.”2 fleet with the addition of three converted ships (named the The telemetry systems were able to handle hundreds of 19-class ships) and the upgrading of two existing ships (named channels of information, including data on both the spacecrafts’ the 6-class ships). All were World War II-era vessels. The performance and the astronauts’ health. The onboard DOD would have custody of and accountability for all of the instrumentation ships in the national inventory, but support for the Apollo program was a top priority. The Congressional Budget for fiscal years 1964 and 1965 included $121.7 million for the Apollo ship program, which included the acquisition of three ships (from existing T-2 tanker hulls) and the modification of two existing Victory-class instrumentation ships. This would bring the total instrumentation fleet for use by NASA and the DOD to 12 ships. Congress readily approved the spending because time was critical in order to place Americans on the moon before the end of the decade. NASA historian Robert Launius noted that “the expenses were all about the Cold War, there’s no other way to explain it otherwise ... Nothing else n Mission San Fernando in dry dock at Quincy . Her bow section was could open up the treasury for that kind of expenditure [for the separated for construction of a new mid-section . – U .S . Air Force photo from Apollo program].”1 Patrick AFB archives .

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 39 computers compensated for the ships’ motions by providing pointing and aiming data for the radar antennas. The navigation system could track stars by day or night and could read maps of the ocean floor. Each of the 19-class ships carried a crew of “17 officers, 71 crew members, and 122 technical personnel including the NASA Flight Controllers.”3 The vessels were all sister ships built by Marine Ship Corporation in Sausalito, California, and were of the Mission Buenaventura class of fleet oilers (Type T2-SE-A2) built for the Navy during World War II. All three ships (SS Mission San Fernando, SS Mission De Pala and SS Mission San Juan) were named after Spanish missions along California’s El Camino Real. n USNS Redstone (T-AGM-20) under way at Pearl Harbor, circa 1966- The SS Mission San Fernando was launched on November 68 . – U .S . Navy photo . 25, 1943. She delivered fuel in the Pacific, for which she was awarded the Battle Efficiency Award twice and the National The SS Mission De Pala was launched on February 28, 1944, Defense Service Medal. She was chartered by Union Oil and also delivered fuel in the Pacific during World War II. She after the war and transferred to the MSTS as the USNS was laid up in the Mobile, Alabama, reserve fleet after the war Mission San Fernando until 1955, when she was laid up in in and briefly activated by the Navy as the USNS Mission De Pala the Olympia, Washington, reserve fleet. Her conversion as an (TAO114), after which she was placed in the Orange, Texas, reserve instrumentation tracking ship began on September 28, 1964, fleet. She was reinstated with the MSTS, carrying fuel during the at the General Dynamics Shipbuilding Division in Quincy, Korean War, and laid up in the James River, Virginia, reserve fleet Massachusetts, and she was completed as the USNS Muscle in 1955. She was activated by the Navy for charter with Marine Shoals until she was renamed in February 1966 as the USNS Transport Lines until 1958, when she was situated again in the Vanguard (T-AGM-19). The “T-AGM” acronym stood for Orange, Texas, reserve fleet. She was reacquired by the Navy missile range instrumentation ships that tracked rockets beyond on September 19, 1964, for modification by General Dynamics the range of shore-based tracking facilities. and named the Johnstown until she was renamed Redstone after her

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n T-AGM-19 Class Hull Modification . – From NASA Handbook for Apollo Instrumentation Ships manual .

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40 • Summer 2020 PowerShips transformation was complete on September 1, 1965. for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Line beginning in 1944, The SS Mission San Juan was launched on October 14, 1943, supplying cargo in the Pacific. From November 1946 until 1948, and supplied fuel overseas while under charter to the Deconhill the Waterman Steamship Company operated the ship under the Shipping Company. She was laid up in the Mobile, Alabama, Marshall Plan, after which she was laid up in the Wilmington, reserve fleet after the war and acquired by the Navy in 1947. North Carolina, reserve fleet. She was chartered in 1950 by the She was transferred to the MSTS as the USNS Mission San Juan Union Sulphur and Oil Company to supply cargo during the (T-AO-126) during the Korean War, after which she was laid up Korean War. The Pope and Talbot Steamship Company controlled in the Beaumont, Texas, reserve fleet. On October 28, 1964, she the ship from 1955 until the Isbrandtsen Company took her over was transferred to General Dynamics for instrumentation ship in 1956. In 1958 she was laid up in the Suisun Bay, Benecia, conversion and named the USNS Flagstaff. She was renamed the California, reserve fleet. In August 1960 she was converted to an USNS Mercury (T-AGM-21) after her transformation on September instrumentation ship by the Navy and renamed USNS Watertown 16, 1965, and began transferring communications between Gemini (T-AGM-6). She served NASA and the Air Force as a mobile astronauts and Cape Kennedy. She returned to Quincy in 1967 to communications platform in the Pacific, recording data from have upgraded satellite terminals installed for the Apollo program. missiles, satellites and manned spacecraft. The Huntsville was built by Oregon Shipbuilding The 6-Class Ships Corporation and launched on April 13, 1945, as the SS Knox The two 6-class ships were the USNS Watertown Victory and chartered by the Olympic Steamship Company. In (T-AGM-6) and the USNS Huntsville (T-AGM-7). These were 1958, she was laid up at the Olympia, Washington, reserve fleet modified World War II Victory ships that supported the Apollo until 1960, when she was renamed USNS Huntsville (T-AGM-7) flights on reentry. Each of the ships during an Apollo mission after being converted to an instrumentation ship. She had “14 officers, 56 crewmen, and 72 technical personnel supported special projects in the Pacific until 1965, when she including the NASA Flight Controllers.”4 The 6-class ships had additional modifications made at the Avondale Shipyards were outfitted for $20 million apiece. in Westwego, Louisiana, which were completed in October The Watertown was originally the Victory ship SS Niantic 1966. The Huntsville and Watertown were both originally used to Victory, built by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in support the Mercury space program in 1962 and modified later Portland, Oregon, and launched on April 25, 1944. She sailed to support the Apollo program.

n USNS Watertown (T-AGM-6) at sea, March 27, 1962 . – U .S . Naval History and Heritage Command photo .

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 41 Readiness Force was created to insure that the Moonships were Supporting the Apollo always ready to support the mission. Each ship had an ASORF Space Missions project officer onboard who took corrective action for any Home ports for the Moonships were Port Canaveral, problems and was on call 24/7 once the mission began. Florida, and Port Hueneme, California. The food aboard was The 19-class and 6-class ships all had Operations Control considered very good, and the ships visited exotic ports of call, Centers that coordinated the onboard instrumentation systems, such as Honolulu, Bermuda, Pago-Pago and Naha, Japan. The providing single-point control reporting with the National marine crews were MSTS personnel, while the technical crews Range Network. This included trajectory data displayed on were DOD contractors. International Telephone and Telegraph plotting boards and height recorders displaying a target’s Corporation’s service associate, Federal Electric Corporation, position in Cartesian coordinates, which were determined by a was awarded a $2 million contract to provide technical computer from radar data or orbital parameters. contractor personnel who maintained the electronic equipment In addition to the OCCs, the 19-class ships had Mission aboard the Moonships. The flight controllers were all NASA Control Centers, which monitored shipboard instrumentation personnel, and their specific missions determined the lengths status, spacecraft data and any communication between the of their assignments, usually five weeks. Separate quarters were NASA Network and the spacecraft. Flight controllers manned provided for the officers and crew, technical personnel and flight consoles in the MCC for Command Communications, Vehicle controllers. The personnel onboard became like family despite Monitoring, Maintenance and Operations, Aeromedical their diverse work backgrounds. Three brothers on the Vanguard Monitoring, and Flight Dynamics. The flight controller (Nicolas, Leonard and Vince Arends) were Navy veterans in charge of Command Communications (also known as and employed by the Bendix Corporation to serve together to the command communicator) determined the status of the monitor the ship’s navigation and communications system. spacecraft and astronauts and forwarded all flight data to the All of the ships were air conditioned in the manned and network. The command communicator received instructions instrumented spaces, and equipped with fresh water-distilling from the network and, in the event of a communication links equipment, stabilization systems to decrease rolling, emergency failure, was responsible “for choosing and initiating the generators, internal communication systems, and cooling spacecraft commands necessary for the success of the mission systems for electronic equipment. An Apollo Ships Operational and the well-being of the astronauts.”5

n 19-Class Operations Control Center . – From NASA Handbook for Apollo Instrumentation Ships manual .

42 • Summer 2020 PowerShips n 6-Class Operations Control Center . – From NASA Handbook for Apollo n 19-Class Mission Control Center . – From NASA Handbook for Apollo Instrumentation Ships manual . Instrumentation Ships manual .

The early unmanned Apollo missions, which started in 1961, were designed to test the capabilities of the Saturn rocket boosters, the spacecraft and the communications network. There were several communication ships that supported these early flights, such as the USNS Rose Knot, USNS Coastal Sentry and USNS Wheeling, before the upgraded Moonships became available. The Rose Knot and Coastal Sentry were built as C1-M- AV1-class cargo ships and the Wheeling as a VC2-S-AP3-class (Victory) cargo ship. Their participation in NASA’s race to the moon ended before the Apollo 6 unmanned mission. The Apollo 4 spacecraft was launched on November 9, 1967, and was supported by the Vanguard as a tracking and communication platform in the mid-Atlantic. The Redstone and Watertown made their initial appearances in January 1968 supporting the Apollo 5 mission, with the Redstone stationed in the Atlantic and the Watertown in the Pacific. They duplicated their roles during Apollo 6, which was launched in April 1968. The 19-class ships played a significant role in tracking the Apollo 7 mission, which was the first flight to carry a crew into space after the 1967 Apollo 1 fire that killed three astronauts. The Vanguard was stationed near the Bahamas, about 1,000 miles from Cape Kennedy, to assist the spacecraft’s orbital insertion, while the Redstone was positioned in the Pacific, about 3,000 miles south of Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The Mercury was situated 180 miles east of Formosa in the Pacific. All of the ships were in voice communication with the astronauts and controlled data to and from the spacecraft whenever its path was in range. The data included pressure and temperature readings inside the capsule, its position in space and the astronauts’ respiration, heart beats and temperature. This information was received and sent with the assistance of satellite communication systems that included the Moonships’

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 43 30-ft dish antennas that communicated with the NASA network. The 6-class Huntsville was stationed approximately 1,200 miles west of Los Angeles and was used to cover the “de-orbit burn phase of re- entry” as well as “unified S-band telemetry receive and record and astronaut-ground voice remoting.”6 The Apollo 8 mission, launched on December 21, 1968, was the first mission to take astronauts in an orbital mission around the moon and the first to use the three- stage Saturn V rocket. The Christmas Eve flight around the moon established the critical role that the Moonships played in tracking the spacecraft up to 11,000 miles away from Earth, filling in the monitoring blanks before one of the three powerful n Apollo Tracking Ship USNS Vanguard (T-AGM-19.) – U .S . Navy photo . land stations took over to follow the flight to the moon and back. These land stations for in about 6 minutes. Flight director has east. The next listening point will be the (located in Barstow, California; Madrid, just advised we should stand by to receive ship Huntsville, tracking the ship 172 west, 12 Spain; and Canberra, Australia) were Mercury data and that’s precisely what we degrees north, and the landing point just a part of the Deep Space Network, which are doing.”7 Several minutes later, Apollo few hundred miles southeast of there at 165 could communicate with the spacecraft. Control confirmed that data received west, approximately 8 north.”8 The Vanguard confirmed that Apollo 8 had from the Mercury looked good to send the Mission control reported a short reached the correct velocity and elevation spacecraft to the moon. time later, “Now one of the range ships into an earth orbit. The Mercury, stationed The Redstone and Huntsville provided is reporting a radar contact. The first in the Pacific, provided information on the reentry support when Apollo 8 returned communication was extremely broken up, spacecraft’s translunar injection burn that from orbiting the moon. NASA’s mission but the two words that did come through sent the astronauts to the moon. NASA’s control stated: were ‘looking good.’ Another one of the public affairs officer in Houston stated, “Recovery is advising the flight director flight controllers here in the control center “This is Apollo Control, 2 hours and 42 of their good status and has good weather heard the crew mention, something like minutes into the flight ... We are now out there. They [Moonships] are on station. ‘a real fire ball.’ We estimate here we are waiting, which we should have in about 2 The route of flight, in case you are not about one minute to drogue deploy.”9 minutes, [for communications] through the looking at a map, will be over northeast Apollo 9 was another step forward good ship Mercury. It is entirely appropriate China, Peking, and over Tokyo, then we to qualify the lunar module for lunar that the ship Mercury should be the relay start a southeasterly slant. The ship Redstone orbital operations. NASA’s tracking ships point for this historic burn, which is planned is parked at 24 degrees north, 169 degrees “collected five tons of data during the ten-day mission, which is equivalent to the data collected from approximately 100 ballistic launches supported by the Air Force Western Test Range.”10 The spacecraft was launched on March 13, 1969, and utilized the Redstone, Huntsville and Mercury in the Pacific, while the Vanguard was stationed in the Atlantic to serve primarily as a tracking ship before being moved to serve as a backup recovery ship. The primary objectives of the mission were to demonstrate the rendezvous and docking procedures and simulate the events for a lunar landing

44 • Summer 2020 PowerShips mission. The spacecraft was launched II navigation subsystem before being and Missile Test Center until being on May 26, 1969, with the Redstone, placed in the James River reserve fleet deactivated in 1973. The reasons given Huntsville, and Mercury still positioned in 1999.”13 She was scrapped in 2013 by for her deactivation were the $1 million in the Pacific and the Vanguard in the Marine Metal Ltd in Brownsville, Texas. savings per year and the lack of current Atlantic in her dual role of tracking and The Redstone returned to the ship support requirements. She was recovery ship. Eastern Test Range to participate in struck from the Navy register and sold for The Vanguard played a vital role in various missile projects. In April 1983, scrape on July 17, 1975, to the National the historic Apollo 11 moon landing by she supported NASA’s Space Shuttle Metal and Steel Corporation. “guiding the insertion of the spacecraft program by tracking the two solid fuel NASA’s Moonships played an integral into its parking orbit 100 miles above the rocket boosters, released during the part in the manned space flight tracking Atlantic. Had the mission been aborted maiden flight of the Challenger orbiter network. Both classes of ships made the during the insertion phase, the Vanguard in mission STS-6, two minutes after Apollo spacecrafts’ undertaking possible, would have issued the abort command being launched at Cape Kennedy. She from launch to recovery, with their to the astronauts and monitored the was stricken from the Navy register on unique seaborne tracking and monitoring 11 spacecraft’s descent trajectory.” The December 7, 1993, and sold for scrap on capability.  Moonships were needed since the January 30, 1995. insertion phase could have taken place The Mercury was sold on June anywhere over the Atlantic, Indian 23, 1970, to the Matson Navigation or Pacific Oceans. TheMercury was Company and converted as a bulk About the Author positioned between the Australian carrier renamed the SS Kopaa. She was SSHSA and Hawaiian land stations, while the sold again in 1981 to the California and member Eric Redstone was stationed in the Pacific near Hawaii Sugar Company, after which Pearson is a the equator. All three ships relayed a she was scrapped in Taiwan in October retired computer constant flow of data to Houston Mission 1984. programmer with Control while Apollo 11 was in earth The Watertown was released by over 35 years’ orbit. NASA used this information to NASA in the fall of 1968, after which she experience working fire the Saturn 4B rocket that would was modified as a Western Test Range as a contractor put the spacecraft into a translunar tracking ship supporting rocket launches at the Johnson trajectory. Data on the spacecraft from in the Pacific. She was struck from the Spacecraft Center supporting NASA’s financial the ships “was relayed to Houston over Navy register on February 16, 1972, and and aircraft division operations . In addition to several communications systems that placed in the Suisun Bay, California, three bachelor degrees, Mr . Pearson received a included code and high-speed computer reserve fleet. On May 23, 1974, she was master’s degree in history from the University data transmissions that decoded and sold to the Dongkuk Steel Mill Company of Houston/Clear Lake in 2014 . Mr . analyzed pulsed telemetry signals.”12 and scrapped in Pusan, South Korea. Pearson’s interest in steamships comes from his NASA released the Redstone, Mercury and The Huntsville supported Apollo father, who sailed as captain with American Huntsville after the Apollo 11 mission, missions from 1968 to 1969 and later Export Lines and Lykes Brothers before keeping the Vanguard on station in the supported the Western Test Range becoming a Houston Ship Channel Pilot . Atlantic for the remaining Apollo flights under the control of the Air Force Space as a secondary tracking station. The space agency declared that the success in the previous flights made it possible to reduce the number of tracking areas. End of an Era The Vanguard continued to support NASA with the Skylab program and the Apollo-Soyuz Test project, after which she became involved in testing equipment on Navy submarines. She “steamed over 250,000 miles in support of POSEIDON and TRIDENT I navigation subsystems and in development of the TRIDENT

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 45 Grand Celebration by Robert Engler • photos by the author

n September 13, many articles in Steamboat Bill and 2018, a natural PowerShips by SSHSA members about Life Onboard gas pipeline in their experiences on different voyages, The ship was docked in a commercial the Andover/ but never one about staying on a static part of Boston. The parking area for Lawrence area accommodation ship, so I decided to us was a blustery quarter-mile walk or of Massachusetts share my experience with you. shuttle ride. No cozy, covered gangway was over- welcomed us aboard, only a steep, pressurized, resulting in damage to over Ship History aluminum access platform. We entered 10,000O homes and businesses. Local Built in Malmo, Sweden, as on deck five and were issued photo IDs and national gas utilities were called Celebration for Carnival Cruises, the and a cabin. Mine was E-197 on deck on to help. My company, PSE&G of ship entered service in 1987. Powered seven. New Jersey, was one of them, and I by twin diesel engines, the 47,262-ton, The cabin was clean and adequately volunteered to help for three weeks. 733-ft Celebration is capable of 21.7 knots furnished, but it was inside and felt a bit Rumors began circulating, as they and carries a crew of 670, with room confining. As I walked about the ship, I always do, that we would be staying in for 1,496 passengers. In 2008, the ship was amazed at how well-maintained and fleabag hotels, an old hospital ship or was transferred to Carnival subsidiary clean she was for a 32-year-old vessel. maybe even an old cruise ship. Sure, Iberocruceros Cruises and renamed Grand Chances to see an early-1980s-style I thought, I’ll believe it when I see it. Celebration. Costa Cruises was supposed to cruise ship in such good condition will Well, I saw it, and it was the Grand purchase her in 2014, but the deal wasn’t soon be history. Celebration of Bahama Paradise Cruise completed and she was acquired by her Our day started at 5 a.m. with a Line. A dream come true! I’ve read current owner at that time. buffet-style breakfast in the Ocean View

46 • Summer 2020 PowerShips n (Left top, middle, and bottom) Grand Celebration docked in Boston as seen on our arrival day . (Above) Our cabin, E-197, was an inside cabin on deck seven .

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 47 n (Clockwise from above .) Author at the helm . All passageways and the entrance area were covered with plastic sheeting . Liner paintings surround the upper walls of the Grand Celebration’s Helm Lounge . A model of the ocean liner SS Bremen, launched in 1929, in Grand Celebration’s Helm Lounge .

48 • Summer 2020 PowerShips captain, as a precaution, kept the main eat and sleep. It was as if the ship was engines idling for two days, giving us a on life support, with plastic covering cozy vibrating mattress to sleep on. The the carpets and large furniture; she was downside of the storm was the exit in the waiting to come alive. morning from a toastyPower warm Ships ship to a Seeing the ship this way won’t deter 30-mph sleety, rainy(2.25 and x icy 4.75 gangway. inches) 1/6me page from taking a cruise on her. The crew Was this how it was for those having to strived to make it a happy ship, even exit the Dorchester or Wilhelm Gustloff when though she wasn’t cruising. This was a they were torpedoed? once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for me We could leave the ship to visit that money couldn’t buy.  Boston any time after work, but I chose not to. I would roam about the ship and admire the woodwork and craftsmanship THE GLENCANNON from a different time. Of special interest to me was the Helm Lounge, which had PRESS 20 to 30 paintings of ocean liners. Along MaritimeG Books one side were models of the Normandie, P Bremen, Olympic and Mauretania, as well as ocean liner collectibles under glass. n Coming back to the Grand Celebration in It was strange to see everyone dressed NEW! the evening . in blue work clothes and boots instead of The Ferryboat Berkeley shorts, bathing suits and sandals. There by Buffet on deck 10. Before leaving the were no happy couples strolling the Patricia Shannon Anderson ship, we could pick up a hot lunch bag decks, only lonely workers trying to find to take to our work location. We would good cell phone reception to talk to their arrive back at the ship between 6 and 7 families. Even on a crowded ship, it can The complete history of this p.m., change into clean clothes and head get lonely. historic craft now located at up to the Stellar Prime Restaurant on I was usually in my cabin by 9 p.m. the Maritime Museum of San deck eight. Again, it was buffet style, with and in bed by 9:30, a far cry from Diego. More than 200 pages, uniformed waiters cleaning up after us staying up late on a real cruise. The 29 in full color. and serving soft drinks and coffee. novelty wore off after four or five days Available May 1, 2020. After dinner we were free to do what and the ship was just a place to shower, we pleased. There was pool, darts and air FREE Catalog 1-510-455-9027 hockey in the Crows Nest Sports bar, and About the Author Online at there always seemed to be a poker game An SSHSA www.glencannon.com or chess game going in the Helm Lounge. member A live band played in the Encore Lounge since 1972, on the weekends, and the spa was open to Bob Engler us (for a fee), along with the ship’s store. has had a Staff Captain Maribel Kurdy explained lifelong interest to me that the ship sailed without in passenger passengers from Florida, taking three ships . For the days to reach Boston. The dancers for past 32 years, the show were left behind. The decision he has worked for Public Service Electric not to get a liquor license resulted in the and Gas (PSEG) of New Jersey in the gas bar staff being flown home. Sitting in the service department . He is also a member lounge one night listening to the band of the Loyalty Masonic Lodge and the lament about not having any alcohol Kenilworth Historical Society . Bob and his reminded me of what it might have been wife Susan reside in Kenilworth, NJ with like on the Leviathan during Prohibition. their dog Gracie . Bob can be reached via While I was aboard ship, the East email at cptbob58@gmail com. Coast was hit with a Nor’easter. The

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 49 Ship Yeof athe r 2019

A Story n QE2 Queen Elizabeth 2 at Ocean by Rob Lightbody Terminal in New York in 1981 . – SSHSA Archives, Braun Bros . Collection Collection .

y QE2 story starts with my father moderation team to David, who worked for the famous John which the forum owes Brown Engineering, the Scottish marine much of its success engineering and shipbuilding company over the years. located in Clydebank. He was a steam In late 2009, and gas turbine engineer, specializing in our efforts to theM revolutionary Pametrada design that the QE2 used. correct fake news JBE had the shipbuilding contract to support her turbines, and about what was my father was responsible for the work until the turbines were happening with QE2 removed in 1986. This work took him all over the world, and in in Dubai hadn’t 1987 he was able to take his family with him on the post-rebuild gone unnoticed. I n (Above) The author aboard QE2 in the North trials. It was his last trip and my first. My time on board QE2 as was given all-areas Sea on the “shakedown cruise” in April 1987 . a 14-year-old stays with me to this day. access for three full (Below) Rob aboard QE2 in 2008 . I followed QE2 closely for the next two decades, although days by the ship’s I didn’t travel on her again until 2007 and 2008, just before her team in Dubai, retirement. It was at this point that I was told to “get over her and I was the only and move on” by a member of a popular cruise website, which “passenger” on irritated me no end. This wasn’t just any old ship retiring, this board. This led was the world-famous QE2, and I wasn’t about to stop caring to news coverage, about her now! including BBC I started an online moderated discussion forum, The QE2 TV and radio, and Story, that same day, laying out the main sections that are national newspapers. still there today – one for each decade of service, one for her I was persuaded to construction, one for her design and so on. I invited some online create a DVD from QE2 friends to join me in the empty forum; they not only came, my footage, and our group found itself on the contact lists for they told their friends and the forum took off quickly. These news organizations for future QE2 stories. friends, and some new friends, make up the international volunteer But the forum wasn’t about the ship’s retirement – it was

50 • Summer 2020 PowerShips n The Queen’s Grill onboard the QE2 in April 2018 . – Oskar Liam Fjellstedt photo

about creating a friendly place for anyone interested in QE2 to record their memories or ask questions about her. Word of mouth brought new members, including authors, officers, crew, passengers and even a captain or two. The quality of the contributions and content posted on the forum was far higher than anticipated, and we became a reference resource, the go- to place for people researching QE2. The QE2 Story This high-quality content, along with our clarity and light moderation, differentiate our forum from the myriad QE2- and Website related Facebook groups that have been created since our The place to be for all things QE2 forum started. We’re indexed by search engines, and many QE2-related searches land straight at our door. The QE2 Story, launched in January 2009, has accumulated extensive primary QE2 had always brought people together, and now the sources and the recollections of many forum took on this role. We organized weekends on the paddle with connections to QE2. steamer Waverley so that friendships made on the forum became real and lasting. In the following years, we had gatherings Members of the Forum include those on other ships, in Liverpool’s Cunard building, and in who built her, captains, engineers, and Southampton. We also organized a sold-out 50th anniversary othes who worked aboard; those who conference in Clydebank, with an international audience of travelled on her; and those who viewed well over 200 in attendance. her from afar. Other spin-offs from the forum include our monthly newsletter and photo competitions, annual calendar and QE2 jigsaws that we share with each other – just like people did on Membership in The Forum is free. board QE2. Please join us. The QE2 Story is run entirely by volunteers using donations www.theqe2story.com from the members. Membership is free, and once you log in there’s no advertising. See for yourself at www.theqe2story.com.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 51 Thanks to All Who Continue to Support SSHSA June 18, 2020 Fleet Admiral ($250,000+) Admiral ($25,000+) The Posner Foundation of The Dibner Charitable Trust of Massachusetts Pittsburgh Mr. Don Leavitt Benefactor ($5,000+) Anonymous Mr. & Mrs. James W. Shuttleworth Mr. Patrick Dacey Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Smith n Portrait of an officer aboard a Fall River Line vessel. – Ms. Kathy Farnsworth & Mr. John Teichmoeller Mr. Douglas A. Tilden & Ms. Teresa Keller William Warren Collection, SSHSA Archives . Mr. Thomas C. Ragan

Mr. William W. Donnell CAPT & Mrs. Roland R. Parent CAPT Eric Takakjian Leader ($1,000+) Mr. Barry W. Eager CAPT Dave Pickering Mr. Craig Thompson Mr. Charles T. Andrews Mr. & Mrs. Arthur J. Ferguson Mr. Richard Rabbett CAPT & Mrs. Terry Tilton, USN (Ret.) Anonymous Mr. Nicholas Langhart Mr. Stephen S. Roberts Mr. Joseph B. White Mr. James Berwind Mr. Keith A. Lewis Dr. Victor H. Rubino Mr. Peregrine White Mr. Douglas E. Bryan CAPT & Mrs. James J. McNamara Mr. John S.W. Spofford World Ship Society - CDR Andrew O. Coggins, Jr., USN (Ret.) Dr. Laurence and Carole Miller Mr. Clinton Strong Port of New York Branch

Mr. Alan J. Flood Mr. Daniel L. McCoy Dr. Timothy J. Runyan Sponsor ($250+) Mr. Henry H. Fuller Jr. Mr. Alexander Melchert Mr. Richard Scarano Ms. Susan L. Gibbs Mr. William H. Miller Jr. Schneider Electric North Mr. Lawrence N. Adams Mr. Walter Giger, Jr. Mr. W. John Miottel American Foundation Mr. Jason Arabian Mr. Doug Hart Mr. John A. Morgan Mr. David Schulz Mr. David C. Bailey, Jr. Mr. Edward B. Hawley Rev. Bart R. Muller Mr. Theodore W. Scull Mr. John D. Barnard Mr. & Mrs. Glenn P. Hayes Mr. William G. Muller Mr. Daniel J. Sentilles Mr. & Mrs. Steve Beringhause Mr. Albert R. Hinckley, Jr. Mr. Mark J. Nemergut Mr. Tom Sepe & Ms. Deb Aiken Mr. Peter Cawthorn Mr. Tom Jordens Mr. Robert Newell Mr. Howard Smart Mr. William F. Cosgrove CAPT Philip C. Kantz Mr. Carl R. Nold CAPT Cesare Sorio CAPT John M. Cox Mr. Murray Kilgour Mr. Brian L. Norden Mr. Edward Spinney Mr. Alexander D. Crary Mr. Michael Kmetz II Mr. Harry Olsen Mr. Alan Stover Mr. Mark Devine CAPT George W. Koch CAPT Dick Palmer Mr. Kent Strobel Mr. Thomas Diedrich Mr. Stephen Lash Ms. Mary L. Payne Mr. Michael Tattoli Ms. Lori DiPersio Mr. Thomas Lavin Mr. Art Peabody Mr. & Mrs. Thomas K. Troy Mr. Steve Donohue Dr. Peter J. Leahy Mr. Richard G. Pelley CAPT R.L. Van Nice, Jr. USNR (Ret.) Mr. & Mrs. Steven Draper Mr. Clayton E. Leroue Ms. Kathy Pollard Mr. Eric Wiberg Mr. & Mrs. Donald W. Eberle Mr. Jeff Macklin Mr. Donald Pomplun Mr. James Zatwarnicki Jr. Mr. & Mrs. William Edwards Mr. Gary Maehl Mr. David L. Powers, Jr. & Mr. Michael Richmond Mr. John David Ferguson Rev. Armand Mantia Mr. Dwight D. Quella Mr. Michael Fisher Mr. Stephen McClellan Mr. Robert Rubino

Mr. Steve Cohen Mr. John Goschke Mr. David L. McColloch Mr. George R. Schneider, Jr. Contributor ($100+) Dr. Leon F. Cohn, M.D. Mr. James Graf CAPT Warren McDonald, USCGR (Ret.) Dr. and Mrs. Arthur Schoenwald Mr. William D. Comings, Jr. Mr. Alan Graves Mr. Alan McKie Mr. and Mrs. Matthew S. Schulte Mr. Alan Abramson Ms. Carol Cooper Mr. Stephen Gregory CAPT Ronald J. Meiczinger Mr. Howard Schutter Mr. George W. Adams Mr. William Cooper Mr. Robert M. Haines Mr. Marvin R. Merritt Mr. Peter Digby Scott Mr. James Alexandre Mr. Alan Cullen CAPT Kenneth Halsall Mr. Charles A. Miller, III Mr. Bruce C. Seibel Mr. Russ Allen Mr. Douglas L. Davis Mr. Richard Hansen Mr. Wayne C. Miller Mr. James L. Shaw Mr. Robert K. Alspach Mr. Antone DeGerlia Ms. Patricia Hartle Ms. Diana Moraco Mr. George Shuster Anonymous Mr. Richard Del Valle Mr. William J. Herron Jr. Mrs. Harry Morgan Ms. Darshell Silva Mr. Jim Antonisse Mr. Michael DePinto Mr. Jay Higgins Mr. W. Andrew Morrison Mr. Joel A. Slagg Dr. John B. Arnold CAPT Robertson Dinsmore Mr. John D. Holdstein Mr. Chris Mosley Mr. Louis Slyker Mr. Joe Attura Mr. Thomas Donoghue Mr. Buell Hollister Mr. Gregory Murphy Mr. Jerry Smith LCDR. Peter E. Baci, USNR (Ret) Ms. Marjorie Dovman Richard A. Horvitz Capt. Andrew B. Murray Mr. Thomas E. Smith Mr. Laurence V. Baldwin Mr. Joseph Dowling Jr. Mr. David G. Hume Ms. Nori Muster Mr. John O. Snyder Mr. Henry H. Baxter Mr. Francis J. Duffy Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Ilacqua Mr. Richard C. Nutting Mr. Allen Soares Mr. Bob Beggio Mr. Michael Dugan Mr. George Ilse Mr. Terry O'Connor Mr. Mark G. Southern Mr. and Mrs. Vincent Bellafiore Mr. Alan Dutton Mr. Erik Johnson CW4 (Ret.) Samuel R. Ohmacht Mr. Donn R. Spear Ms. Michele R. Berard Mr. Mike Eagan Mr. and Mrs. Michael W. Joy Mr. Ronald L. Oswald Mr. Jerry Stewart Mr. D. Jordan Berson Mr. Arnold Eaves Mr. Leonard Kaisalahti Mr. Hollis S. Paige Mr. Gregory Straub Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Bieser Mr. George Economou Mr. Timothy J. Kelly Mr. Paul Paisley Mr. Mark A. Thomas Mr. Daniel Blanchard Dr. Robert Eden Mr. Derek Kendall Mr. Peter Pare Mr. Willie Tinnemeyer Mr. Douglas Blount CAPT J.A. Ellis Mr. Robert Kessler Mr. John Paul Mr. Steven Tise Ms. Amy Blume Mr. Henry P. Erwin, Jr. Mr. Robert J. Kimtis Mr. Andrew Peach Mr. Andrew Turnbull Mr. Charles H. Bogart Dr. Jerry Fingerut Mr. Paul Klee Mr. Miles N. Peterle Mr. Thomas Varney Mr. William Bolin Mr. Donald Finkle Mr. Richard F. Kless Mr. Frederic N. Phinney Mr. Ted Vernon Mr. A. Pierce Bounds CAPT George H. Fisher Mr. Earl Krantz Mr. Henry Posner III and Ms. Anne Molloy Mr. Philip Vollrath Mr. Jerry Boyd Mr. Thomas P. Fowler Ms. Lisa Kressbach Mr. George Prince Dr. Charles U. Walker Mr. John D. Brandner, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William A. Fox Mr. Gunstein Langset Providence Steamboat Company CAPT Robert F. Wasson, Jr. Mr. Keith Brittin Mr. Glenn L. Frizzell Mr. David Larsen Mr. Arnold Rathmann Dr. Michael T. Watkins Mr. Christopher Bujara Mr. Richard Funke Mr. Michael Lawson Mr. William J. Raver Mr. Stephen Weaver Mr. Andrew J. Burger Mr. Mark Gathings CAPT David Leech Mr. Charles A. Robertson Mr. Hubert Wicki Mr. Pete Burns Mr. Tom Gemmell Ms. Susan E. Linda Mr. James Royle Mr. Parker Williamson Mr. Kevin W. Busath Mr. Gregory C. Gettle Mr. Bruce Lockhart Mr. Nathaniel Ruda Ms. Margaret Jean Wort Mr. J. O. Busto Mr. James Giammatteo Mr. Holger Lukas Mr. Brent Runyon Mr. Donald Yokum Mr. Gabriel Caprio Mr. Paul Glynn Mr. Hugh C. MacKay Mr. Edward J. Ryan Mr. Alan Yorker Mr. Thomas C. Chadwick Mr. Robert J. Golden Mr. Steven Mason Mr. Robert H. Savarese Mr. James J. Zabel Charter Oak Credit Union Mr. Jeffrey B. Goldstein Mr. Donald McCarthy Mr. Todd J. F. Schaumloffel Mr. Erwin Zimmermann

LCDR Paul E. Cornelius Mr. Jacob Harlow Mr. Michael Mulligan Mr. Donald B. Wallace Friend (Up to $100) Mr. and Mrs. Louis J. Costanza Mr. Elmer Hill Mr. Richard M. Mushet Mr. Dan Walters Mr. Carl Curtis Mr. Don Holmgren Rhon Nelson Mr. Merritt Webb Mr. John H. Ackert Mr. John De Broske Mr. Peter Horne Mr. Raisuke Numata Mr. Robert Wellbrock Mr. Thomas Aidala Mr. John J. Delach Mr. Bob Horton Ms. Catherine Covell Orloff Mr. Chase Welles Mr. Ernest Arroyo Mr. Donald DeLuca Mr. Jon Howard Mr. David Partikian Mr. Robert Whitfield Mr. Richard Austin Mr. Anthony DiMattia Mr. James Huntington Mr. Arthur Peterson Mr. John Wing Mr. Scott Avedisian Mr. Tom Dunlop Ms. June Sherry Ingram Rev. Donald E. Potter Mr. John F. Witkowski Mr. John F. Baesch Mr. Andrew Edmonds Mr. and Mrs. Les Isaacowitz Mr. Gary C. Raffaele Mr. William Wooding Mr. Harold Baker Mr. Arild Johan Ellingsen Mr. Kevin C. Johns Mr. Brian Rea Mr. Paul Yurko Mr. Preston B. Baker Mr. Barry Farman Ms. Kyle Ingrid Johnson Mr. Colin R. Revill Dr. Mark Benbow Ms. Lauri Fine Mr. Dennis G. Kelley Mr. Bruce L. Richards Mr. Francis Birchard Mr. Joseph P. Foley Mr. Erhard W. Koehler Ms. Mary Rohrer Dr. Kip Bodi Mr. Carl H. Fowler Mr. Richard Krug Mr. Patrick K. Ryan Mr. Matthew Bonvento Mrs. Claire Gadbois Mr. Albert Lasker Mr. Van Santvoord Mr. George L. Bradley Mr. Edward Galston Mr. Steven Laubmeier Mr. Charles Severn Shores Mr. Rick Brown Mr. Gary Garren Mr. Loring M. Lawrence Mr. Richard G. Small Mr. Ken Brownlee Ms. Lulu Gmoser Mr. Michael and Ms. Marty Lennon Mr. Donald H. Smith Mr. Vincent J. Budesa Mr. Hugh Goldie, Sr. Mr. Frank Lorah Mr. Douglas R. Smith Mr. Ronald R. Burke Mr. Bernard M. Grandjany Mr. Bryan Lucier Mr. Timothy D. Smith CAPT Stephen Busch Mr. Norman Grant Ms. Cathy MacPherson Mr. Joseph P. Spang, III Ms. Vivian Butler and Ms. Janet Butler Mr. Larry Gregory Mr. Dick Magee Mr. John Stroia Mr. and Mrs. James P. Cafferky, Jr. Mr. Peter Griggs Mr. Donald Martin CAPT Thomas F. Taylor Mr. Edwin C. Carlson Mr. Gary Gudes Mr. A. Michael Marzolla Mr. David Thomas Mr. Richard Carriere Mr. Charles A. Haas III Mr. Walter Lynn McLaughlin Mr. Frank A. Trumbour Ms. Amie Carter Mr. Henry Hale Mr. John C. Mehrling Mr. Norbert Ulbrich Mr. George A. Cassidy Mr. Gary Halvorsen Mr. Jeffrey A. Miller Ms. Mary Valzonis Mr. Patrick Conroy Mr. Fred Hamilton Mr. R. William Movius Ms. Sandra Venitelli

52 • Summer 2020 PowerShips he FellowShip League consists of SSHSA The benefactors and members FellowShip who elect to remember our organizationT in their final estate plans. This enables us to perpetuate their legacy League of giving and support and potentially provide significant tax benefits for one’s estate. There are many ways in which to plan and leave a legacy gift that meets the People Making a Difference needs of both you and your family:

• Appreciated securities/property • Assignment of IRA benefits from age 70 ½ mandatory withdrawals • Charitable lead trusts • Charitable remainder trusts • Contribution of one’s residence while retaining the right of use as long as the donor shall live • Life insurance policies or retirement accounts that name the Society as the beneficiary • Real or personal property • Stocks and other securities • A collection of art or ephemera offered to and accepted by the SSHSA Collections Committee, along with funding to perpetuate its care n Passengers enjoy the sea breezes upon comfortable steamer lounge chairs on perhaps the promenade deck of an unidentified liner. C 1915 From a hand-colored magic lantern glass slide, SSHSA Archives . To discuss planning your gift contact Matthew Schulte at [email protected] or (401)463-3570.

If the SSHSA is already part of your estate plans, thank you! Please let us know so we can add your name to The FellowShip League.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 53 Regionals Shipping News from Points Around the Compass

Royal Caribbean canceled all cruises scheduled to operate from Singapore on Orders for New the Quantum of the Seas during the first Ships Keep Coming two weeks of February. The company’s SC Cruises has placed an China-based Spectrum of the Seas has Morder with France’s Chantiers de been repositioned to Australia. Celebrity l’Atlantique for two additional 205,000-grt Cruises has also canceled Celebrity World-class ships. The 5,264-passenger Millennium a) Millennium’s Asian cruises. It ships will be delivered in 2025 and 2027. has been repositioned to Los Angeles for They also have announced plans for the COVID-19 Impacts a series of cruises from there that were development of two additional ship classes, Cruise Industry scheduled to begin March 20. one that will consist of at least four ships and he spread of the coronavirus NCL’s Norwegian Jade, on a roundtrip another that will be wind-assisted. The ship Tthat causes COVID-19 beyond cruise from Thailand to Vietnam, was orders and memorandum of understanding China had a negative impact on the cruise denied entry into Vietnamese ports despite have a total value of $7 billion. industry. The bad publicity began when not having called recently at China, Hong Ponant, the new parent company 3,711 passengers and crew aboard the Kong or Macau, nor carrying any passengers of Paul Gauguin Cruises, has signed a Diamond Princess were quarantined following or crew from those places. Norwegian Jade contract with Norwegian shipyard Vard to its arrival at Yokohama, Japan, on February passengers got to enjoy five consecutive days build two new eco-friendly, hybrid-electric 4. Passengers were required to remain in at sea before their ship finished its cruise. ships for the South Pacific-based brand, their cabins, where they were served meals Two CMV vessels, Columbus a) Fairmajesty slated for delivery in 2022. by the crew in what turned out to be a b) Star Princess c) Arcadia d) Ocean Village e) The vessels will each accommodate futile attempt to contain the virus. During Pacific Pearl and Astor a) Astor (ii) b) Fedor 230 passengers and measure about 11,000 the 14-day ordeal, over 621 individuals Dostoevskiy, were turned away from Tonga gross tons. They’ll sail in the South Pacific. contracted the disease, which resulted in the because the island had closed its ports to Each ship will have enough battery deaths of at least six. Passengers were finally cruise ships. The ships diverted to Fiji instead. capacity for smokeless operation in ports evacuated from the ship on February 19. By the time you read the next issue of and in environmentally sensitive areas. They The 1,455 passengers and 802 crew on Powerships, there will probably be even will also be designed to optimize energy the February 1 voyage of Westerdam found more fallout from this disease. consumption, reduce underwater noise and themselves stranded at sea after regional officials in Thailand, Bangkok, Japan, the Philippines and Guam refused the ship permission to dock. The ship was finally allowed to disembark its passengers in the Cambodian port of Sihanoukville on February 13. There reportedly were no suspected cases of the virus on board. All Westerdam cruises were canceled through March 14. World Dream was released from quarantine on February 5. Hong Kong health authorities were able to quickly test the 3,600 persons on board. Three passengers on the ship’s January 19–24 cruise had been found to have the virus, resulting in the brief quarantine. World n World Dream . (See “COVID-19 Impacts Cruise Industry”) – Arno Redenius photo Dream has since been laid up.

54 • Summer 2020 PowerShips improve waste management. According to Vard, a division of Fincantieri, the ships will qualify for the Cleanship Super label, as assigned by Bureau Veritas, an independent certification body. Havila Voyages Orders Four orway’s Havila Voyages has Ntransferred its order for all four vessels to Turkish shipbuilder Tergar after Spain’s Barreras encountered financial n Astoria departing Tallinn in 2016 . (See “Retirement Announced”) – Pjotr Mahhonin photo . problems. The four ships will be named Havila Capella, Havila Castor, Havila Polaris complimentary shore excursion in its fares. cruise program from 2021, although there and Havila Pollux. They will measure The 9,300-grt World Navigator’s inaugural had been talk of them getting their own 402 ft by 72 ft and be able to carry 640 cruise was scheduled to depart on July ship for a full season. passengers. The quartette will be powered 17, 2021, from Valletta, Malta, to Athens The French press is reporting that by a hybrid LNG and battery system. (Piraeus), Greece, with ports of call Rivages du Monte will use World Explorer including Zakynthos, Katakolon, Elafonisos, of nicko cruises. This makes roughly the New Cruise Line Chania, Sitia, Rhodes and Mykonos, third company operating this ship within Announces Inaugural Greece, along with Noto (Syracuse), Italy, approximately two years of delivery – ruise newcomer Atlas Ocean and Ephesus (Kusadasi), Turkey. Nicko, Quark and Rivages, with sister CVoyages has released itineraries for Other itineraries will include seven- vessels operating for Atlas Ocean. its first ship, World Navigator, which makes night Mediterranean voyages sailing its debut July 17, 2021, in Europe. during September 2021 and a 17-night Funchal for Sale The World Navigator is currently under transatlantic crossing departing Lisbon, emember the plan for Funchal to construction at WestSEA shipyard at Viana Portugal, on October 4, 2021, and Rbecome a beach party boat? Well do Castelo, Portugal. The $80-million ship concluding in Rio de Janeiro. it’s dead and the people who bought her is part of a six-ship fleet planned by Mystic at auction are now planning to sell her. Cruises and will be operated under terms Emerald Moves One must assume that the breakers will of a charter by Atlas. The ship will be to the Oceans be her final destination in view of her age flagged in Portugal. merald Waterways will add ocean and small size. World Navigator is the third vessel in Ecruises to its portfolio when it accepts the planned fleet of Mystic Cruises that delivery of the 100-passenger Emerald Delayed Deliveries will include the sister ships World Explorer Azzurra in July 2021. The 309-ft vessel is indstar Cruises has canceled (2019), World Voyager (2020), World Traveller currently under construction at Halong W20 sailings on Star Breeze a) Seabourn (2022), World Adventurer (2023) and World Shipbuilding in Ha Long City, Vietnam. Spirit, Star Pride a) Seabourn Pride, and Star Seeker (2024). The first two ships have Itineraries will feature Mediterranean, Legend a) Royal Viking Queen b) Queen Odyssey already been jointly chartered by Nicko Adriatic Coast and Red Sea ports. c) Seabourn Legend because of construction Cruises/Quark Expeditions. delays that followed the discovery of The line, which brands itself as an Retirement Announced asbestos during the ships’ renovation. all-inclusive “luxe adventure” experience, MV announced that 2020 will Windstar stated that the asbestos was detailed an inaugural season of 10 Csee the end of the charter of Astoria a) found in the engine room and mechanical different itineraries ranging in length from Stockholm b) Volkerfreundschaft c) Fridjof Nansen spaces on the ships, which are being seven to 15 days and visiting a total of 66 d) Surriento e) Italia f) Italia Prima g) Valtur renovated at Fincantieri’s Palermo, unique ports of call throughout the Holy Prima h) Carib i) Athena j) Azzores . With two Italy, shipyard. The material was found Land, Mediterranean and Black Sea. newer, larger vessels joining the fleet next primarily in gaskets used in a limited The 413-ft World Navigator will year, they’ll have no further use for the number of valves and pumps and related accommodate 198 passengers in 98 all- chartered Astoria beyond this season. The insulation. The cruise line says it took air oceanview staterooms and suites, most ship will also sail a short season of cruises samples aboard the ships and found no of which will have a private veranda. for Rivages du Monte during the summer. traces of the substance elsewhere. Atlas Ocean Voyages plans to include It’s not yet known, as far as I can see, which Removal of the material will delay Star all gratuities, beverages and at least one vessel Rivages du Monte will use for its own Breeze’s completion from February 14 to

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 55 Carnival has deployed to the West Coast in 20 years and is the third and last Vista-class ship. In a ceremony that highlighted female empowerment onboard Regent Seven Seas’ newest vessel, model and entrepreneur Christie Brinkley christened Seven Seas Splendor. The ceremony took place at Miami on February 21. Oscar-winning actress Penelope Cruz served as godmother for Costa Smeralda at Triesta on February 21. The 5,224-passenger vessel entered service in December and is among the first major n Star Breeze in Lisbon . (See “Delayed Deliveries,” page 55) – Windstar Cruises photo . cruise ships to be powered by liquefied natural gas. May 4, 2020, when it will begin sailing the tanks must be surrounded by void Silversea Cruises has named in Latin America and the West Coast. space, requiring twice as much room renowned Italian wine producer Gaia It will also affect the schedules for Star inside the ship as tanks for diesel fuel. Gaja as godmother to Silver Moon, which Legend and Star Pride, which will now The Mardi Gras is being fitted with three launches in August. Gaja will officially complete their renovations on August 30 steel LNG tanks and four Caterpillar name the ship at a ceremony in Trieste and November 29, 2020, respectively. engines. Updating the tanks, piping on August 5, 2020. The $250-million renovations will and bunkering is the greatest challenge add 50 suites, two new restaurants, a in designing LNG ships. The shipyard Contract Canceled new pool with an expanded, enhanced blames the delay on design complexity, eaDream Yacht Club has dropped deck area, a spa and fitness center, and trouble with coordinating subcontractors Sits plans for a new luxury expedition new bathrooms in all suites. Windstar and the size of the ship. ship. The Sea Dream Innovation, which is also replacing engines to increase fuel When it debuts, the 5,200-passenger would have been the line’s first new efficiency, which led to the discovery of ship will be the largest vessel in the build, had been scheduled for delivery in the asbestos. Carnival Cruise Line fleet. It will boast September 2021. SeaDream is pursuing the first roller coaster and first Emeril other new-build opportunities. Top of Form Lagasse restaurant at sea, and feature Bottom of Form six themed zones, including the French Ocean Victory to arnival has cancelled the first Quarter, Summer Landing, Grand Cruise to Alaska Ceight sailings of its new ship Mardi Central and the Ultimate Playground. ictory Cruise Lines’ new Ocean Gras because of shipyard delays. The line VVictory will offer a series of 12- and is now scheduled to take delivery in late Name Announced 13-day cruises between Vancouver and October, with its first sailing leaving Port irgin Voyages will name its Sitka, Alaska, when the ship debuts Canaveral on November 14. Vsecond ship Valiant Lady. The in 2021. The 200-passenger vessel is The inaugural sailings, which were 2,770-passenger ship will debut at currently under construction. scheduled to start August 31, included Barcelona in May 2021. The vessel will Itineraries will include Misty Fjords European, transatlantic and New York- offer three- and seven-day itineraries National Monument, Stikine River based itineraries and four Port Canaveral with an overnight in Ibiza followed by Wilderness, the Waterfall Coast and itineraries. calls at Spanish, French and Italian ports Frederick Sound. The cruise line said delays were plus Monaco. announced by the Meyer Turku shipyard Casualties in Finland, where the 180,000-gt ship Christenings wo Carnival ships were involved is under construction. Using LNG for ame show host Vanna White Tin a collision December 20 while in power instead of diesel requires special Gchristened Carnival Panorama at Cozumel, Mexico. The stern of Carnival pressurized steel tanks to keep the gas Long Beach, California, on December Glory struck the bow of moored Carnival in its liquid state. For safety reasons, 10. The Panorama is the first vessel Legend while maneuvering into the pier

56 • Summer 2020 PowerShips ahead of the docked ship. Six people on Carnival Glory were hospitalized with STEAM-POWERED STERNWHEELER minor injuries from the incident; all were treated and released. No one on Carnival Legend was injured. Both ships were able to continue their cruises and sailed for their respective homeports of New Orleans and Tampa on December 22. The damage appeared to have primarily happened at the stern of the Glory, where MARAD Marine the Platinum Restaurant, the vessel’s Highways Grants main dining venue, is located. The ship ollowing the commencement of left Cozumel after a delay while a canvas Fthe new year, the U.S. Department With Chief’s retirement, well- patch was fitted over the damage. of Transportation’s Maritime loved steamboat is looking for The career of Orient Explorer a) PCE- Administration announced the recipients a new home! 833 b) HMS Kilham BEC-7 c) Sognefjord d) of over $7.5 million in grants for nine Lambertville NJ Orion e) Orion II has come to an end after Marine Highway projects, three of which Current COI; 40 pass incl crew 76 years of service. Built by Pullman will be in South Carolina and Virginia. 1970, rebuilt 2004 Standard Car Company of Chicago, The first project of note involves Scotch Mar. Boiler re-tubed ‘17 Illinois, in 1943 as a patrol craft escort, both Florida and South Carolina and Twin 4HP Steam Engines she was converted into a Norwegian will support the improvement of the $65,000 negotiable coastal passenger ship, serving in that Fernandina Express container barge Contact: capacity until sold to Finnish owners in service, which operates between the [email protected] 1987. By 1996, the 185-ft ship had been Port of Fernandina (located on Florida’s c (609) 414-3676 repositioned to Langkawai for use as a northeast coast, not far from the dive charter cruise ship named Orient Georgia-Florida state line) and the Port In Virginia, the James River Expansion Explorer. Although she may never have of Charleston, South Carolina. The Project was awarded $189,840. This actually sailed in this role, she remained grant is being sponsored by the Ocean project, backed by the Port of Virginia, is at anchor off Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, Highway and Port Authority of Nassau intended for the “purchase of equipment with a full crew. Recently advertised by County (Florida) and will be used to in support of the existing James River Sensi Backpackers Hostel as a floating assist in the procurement of handling Expansion Project on M-64.” The accommodation ship for backpackers, she equipment essential for loading and equipment is intended to assist in the ran aground against sharp rocks off Kota unloading. The amount awarded for this efficiency of the Richmond Marine Kinabalu during a storm in September project is $1,291,800. Terminal’s barge service. 2019. Resting with a list to starboard, this veteran’s career is over and she is now at the mercy of pounding seas. Holland America’s Nieuw Amsterdam was forced to cancel its February 1 seven-day cruise to permit replacement of one of the ship’s two propulsion pods. The work was completed at Grand Bahama Shipyard in time to permit the February 8 cruise to sail as scheduled. The pod problem actually began in December and forced the cancellation of another cruise. 

n Write Peter T. Eisele at n A crane for the Port of Virginia loads up containers for the marine highway barge service . (See 74 Chatham Street, Chatham, NJ 07928 “MARAD Marine Highways Grants”) – Port of Virginia photo . or highseased@aol com.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 57 Lastly, the Wallops Island M-95 Intermodal Barge Service, also in Virginia, was granted $96,425. This grant is to be used for improvements including “a new trestle and combination dock/ramp to support the loading and unloading of barges and research vessels at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport.” Other grants were awarded to ongoing projects in Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Oregon, Texas and Washington State. These improvement projects as a whole are important in the continuing endeavor to “relieve landside congestion.” For specifics about each project, n Enchantment of the Seas will return to Baltimore in 2021 . (See “Port of Baltimore a complete list can be found on News”) – Royal Caribbean International photo . MarineLink.com. intermodal double-stack trains. Once auto auctions around the United States. Port of Baltimore News the project is completed, in three to The two companies anticipate shipping he Port of Baltimore recently four years, 100,000 more containers thousands of containers through the Tannounced that Royal Caribbean’s will be carried annually. Plans are first year of operation and ramping up Enchantment of the Seas will return to also underway to renovate an unused significantly over time. the city in April 2021. It will be a fruit pier for suitable storage space for replacement for the current Baltimore- the continually increasing number of Port Newark News based Grandeur of the Seas. The Enchantment automobiles and other cargo arriving at ecently, the Port of New York of the Seas will offer year-round cruises the port. Rand New Jersey Authority to the Bahamas, Bermuda and the announced that its seven-year expansion Caribbean. There will be fall voyages Port of Philadelphia News plan at the Port Newark container to Canada and New England. In 2019, new, state-of-the-art facility terminal is almost done. It will enhance 218,849 passengers sailed on 94 cruises A for containerized auto shipping the terminal’s capacity by 80 percent to aboard the Carnival Pride and Grandeur of opened on December 6, 2019, near 2.15 million TEUs. the Seas. Philadelphia’s Packer Avenue Marine Another initiative aims to expand Terminal. Freight forwarder CFR American Cruise Lines News the Howard Street Rail Tunnel. That and logistics provider GWSI created n February 26, American Cruise project is expected to boost the Port the center to serve high-volume OLines announced that it will launch of Baltimore’s capability to handle exporters buying vehicles in bulk at two additional modern riverboats for the 2021 season. Construction is already underway at Chesapeake Shipbuilding in Salisbury, Maryland. The American Jazz is set to join the new class of riverboats later in 2020. The additional two vessels, as yet unnamed, will be of similar design. The flagship of the ACL modern riverboat class, American Song, debuted in 2018, and the American Harmony debuted in 2019. 

n Write John Fostik (PA, NJ, DE, MD) at jafostik@verizon net. n American Jazz immediately after its launch by Chesapeake Shipbuilding into Maryland’s or Julia Winters (DC, VA, NC, SC) Wicomico River . (See “American Cruise Lines News”) – American Cruise Lines photo . at jwinters889@gmail com.

58 • Summer 2020 PowerShips New York Harbor News arm temperatures during the Wwinter months dominated the talk of the harbor during January and February. A tragic accident that involved Sandy Hook Pilot Dennis Sherwood occurred while he was trying to board Maersk Kensington in December at 4:30 a.m. Trying to climb a ship’s boarding n NY Waterway’s Betsy Ross. (See “New York Harbor News”) – G . Justin Zizes, Jr ,. photo . ladder from the pilot boat, Captain Sherwood, a 35-year veteran with SHP, South Street Seaport Museum’s York State/Hudson River Park, recently fell backward onto the pilot boat. USCG 1885 Sloop Pioneer had engine difficulties has been operated by New York City as a and FDNY Marine and NYPD Marine toward the end of last season and car impound lot. The city has been given departments responded. It was a big loss couldn’t operate. In mid-December, she notice to find another place for its cars or for our New York maritime community was towed up the Hudson to Scarano be charged $3 million a year for rent. and our condolences go out to his family Boatbuilders in Albany to get a new The City of Bayonne, New Jersey, and SHP colleagues. engine. The tug Frances towed the Pioneer will be getting a new ferry service this Sandy Hook Pilot’s newest vessel alongside some empty trap rock barges. September operated by Seastreak. acquisition, Maine Responder, will be Pier 40, once the home of The Holland Bayonne’s city council adopted a 10- renamed New York . The vessel has been America Line, and Pier 97, once home year, $2.6-million lease with the Port in Caddell Dry Dock in Staten Island for of the Cunard Line, both on the Hudson Authority of New York and New Jersey at the last several months with retrofits and River, are having piling work done. the Military Ocean Terminal for 65,000 upgrades, including the traditional black- Pier 76, the old home of the United square feet of land. A new $1.6-million painted hull. States Lines and now owned by New ferry terminal will be constructed on the south side of the Military Ocean Terminal. South Amboy has indicated that there will be additional service from there as well. The New York City Economic Development Corporation has chosen a fast-ferry terminal site for the new NYC Ferry service that will run from Staten Island to Battery Park City and on to Pier 79 at West 39th Street on the Hudson River. The new terminal will be erected Just to the west of the Staten Island Ferry Terminal on the Kill Van Kull. It was determined that both the existing Staten Island Ferry Terminal and the new fast-ferry operation cannot n Statue Cruises’ Miss Liberty, in service since 1966 . (See “New York Harbor News”) – G . coexist because of harbor safety issues. Justin Zizes, Jr ,. photo . The fare for the new service will be $2.75 per ride.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 59 The new Coney Island NYC Ferry service is exploring a possible landing site on the Coney Island Creek at Bayview Avenue and West 33rd St. Dredging will have to be done in order to get ferry service into the proposed landing in 2021. The Portal North Bridge on the Hackensack River, which Amtrak trains have crossed for service into Penn Station for the last 109 years, has been approved for replacement by the Federal Transit Administration. NY Waterways’ Betsy Ross had an engine room fire on January 30 and turned into the Navy Pier on Staten Island as a safe place to land. NYFD n Pioneer at South Street Seaport, Pier 16 . (See “New York Harbor News,” page 59) – G . responded along with the U.S. Coast Justin Zizes photo . Guard. No passengers were aboard at the time. The Propeller Club of New York and Congressman Lester Wolff. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New Jersey hosted, with the American Tiana Life Saving Station in has suspended a key study on storm P&I Club, USCG Sector Captain Jason East Quogue, built in 1912, is being protection for the City of New York. Tama in early January for a presentation renovated by the town of Southampton The former Lightship Barnegat, which on New York Harbor today. at a cost of $3.2 million. Tiana was run was built in 1904 at Camden’s New York by an all African-American crew from shipyard and served until 1967, is lying Long Island News 1942 to 1947. idle and in disrepair at the Pyne Poynt he Great Lakes dredge Illinois A Sag Harbor-to-Greenport water Marina in Camden, New Jersey, on the Tand its support vessels are pumping taxi/ferry service was in discussion but Delaware River. sand on West Hampton Bay Beach has been put on hold until 2021. Sag The Gravesend Marina in Brooklyn is where the washover across Dune Road Harbor is fixing its town dock and, closing at the beginning of April, and 50 occurred. This is a $10.7-million project. during the construction, a piece of rail boats will have to relocate. The last part of dredging Fire Island was found by the construction crew Statue Cruises’ Miss Liberty was from Seaview to the East has been put on that traces back to 1908, when railcars spotted going up to Feeney’s Shipyard hold because of a project on Mar-a-Lago brought coal and water to the steamships in Kingston, New York, for dry docking. in Florida. that left from Sag Harbor. Miss Liberty has been in continuous service The Long Island Oyster Bay National at the Statue of Liberty for 66 years. Wildlife Refuge has been renamed after Upstate News here are five lighthouses in Tupstate New York that are bed and breakfasts: Braddock Point Lighthouse, Saugerties Lighthouse, Tibbetts Point Lighthouse, Selkirk Lighthouse and Thirty Mile Point Lighthouse. Peekskill, New York, has received a state grant of $2 million to reconstruct the Fleishmann Pier. The town hopes to attract tour boats to the 487-ft pier. 

n Write G. Justin Zizes, Jr. at 147 East 37th Street, New York, New York n NYC Ferry’s Ocean Queen Rocketstar . – G . Justin Zizes photo . 10016 or justinzizes@gmail .com

60 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Wide Impacts from Coronavirus s the coronavirus pandemic swept AEurope, its ferry operators were not immune to severe disruptions. Many passenger services quickly switched to freight-only mode, while others were temporarily suspended or had their frequency drastically reduced. n Ferry MS Stena Saga in Frederikshavn in 2019 . (See “Wide Impacts from Coronavirus”) Stena Line also permanently closed – Bahnfrend photo . its passenger-heavy route between Oslo, Norway, and Frederikshavn, operations. More details on this will be will be seen in areas such as sales and Denmark, which had been operated by covered in future Overseas Columns. marketing and procurement. The overall the 1981-built Stena Saga a) Silvia Regina b) route structure is unlikely to change. Stena Britannica. In Italy, the Grandi Navi Brittany Ferries Purchases Veloci ferry Splendid was chartered by the Condor Ferries Construction government to serve as a floating hospital rench operator Brittany Ferries, Begins on MySTAR in Genoa. Other temporarily redundant Ftogether with an investment group, virtual steel cutting ceremony vessels have either been laid up or sent to purchased the Channel Islands operator A for the new Tallink ferry MySTAR the shipyard for maintenance work. Condor Ferries in March 2020. Condor took place on April 6 at the Rauma Ferries operates conventional, high- Yard in Finland. The latest cruise ferry Moby & Tirrenia Bankrupt speed and freight-only ferries connecting for the very busy Helsinki-to-Tallinn t press time, and in the midst of the United Kingdom and France with route, MySTAR is scheduled to enter Athe coronavirus outbreak in Italy, Guernsey and Jersey in the Channel service in January 2022. She’ll carry up Italian regulators seized the assets of the Islands. The companies share port to 2,800 passengers at speeds of up to 27 Onoranto family-owned Moby Lines and facilities in Portsmouth and St. Malo, knots, and will have a dual LNG/diesel Tirrenia, quickly shutting down both and it’s likely that closer cooperation fuel system.

n Illustration of Tallink Shuttle MySTAR . (See “Construction Begins on MySTAR”) – Tallink Grupp photo .

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 61 New Power for Old Ferry s change is inevitable, and as Athe impact of the global heating crisis deepens, it’s not surprising that most industries worldwide are beginning to change and move with the times, including shipping. What may be surprising is that change is now coming to historic vessels. It was announced in January that n Condor Ferries’ Condor Express catamaran car ferry passes through Poole Harbor . The the 1908-built Sabino a) Tourist ferry, ship carries 750 passengers and 180 cars and operates between the English South Coast, France America’s oldest regularly operating and the Channel Islands . (See “Brittany Ferrries Purchases Condor Ferrries,” page 61) – Adrian coal-fired steamboat, will soon undergo Pingstone photo . a conversion to electric propulsion. Using batteries, the new electrical power plant 1976-built Vitsentzos Kornaros a) Viking will be fitted over the driveshaft, while Japanese Ferry for Stena Viscount b) Pride of Winchester, was sold the vessel’s current steam engine will tena Line affiliate Stena RoRo for scrapping in February. Owned by remain for occasional use. Stook delivery in March of the ANEK Lines affiliate LANE Lines, she The wooden-hulled ferry’s sea- 2003-built Japanese ferry Yamato from last operated in 2017 on the company’s keeping qualities will be unaffected, owners Hankyu Ferry. Renamed lifeline service connecting Crete with the since battery weight will substitute for Stena Nova, she’ll be sent to Europe for Peloponnesian peninsula. She suffered coal, says her owner, the Mystic Seaport reconstruction into a passenger ferry, serious engine damage in June 2017 and Museum of Mystic, Connecticut. available for charter or deployment has been laid up since.  Chris Gasiorek, the museum’s within the Stena network in late 2020. watercraft preservation and programs vice president, said the new arrangement n Write Ted Blank at 1576 Grotto End of the Line was the result of the increasing difficulty Street North, St Paul, MN 55117 ne of the last classic ferries of securing licensed steam engineers or tedblank@hotmail com. Oremaining in Greece, the who meet Coast Guard requirements. Increasing concern from local residents regarding smoke and soot from the Sabino added fuel to the fire, prompting the propulsion change. Using a ton of coal per day, while operating three to four days a week, the 74-passenger Sabino makes three trips daily during warm weather months, cruising the Mystic River. Converting the Sabino to electric power would allow her to operate seven days a week without requiring a licensed engineer, thus allowing more people to enjoy riding a historic steamboat. n Hankyu Ferry’s Yamato . (See “Japanese Ferry for Stena”) – Hashi photo . Currently, Sabino carries approximately 33,000 passengers annually.

62 • Summer 2020 PowerShips for a minuscule 30 MW of generation Ship (five 6-MW turbines off Block Island, of the Rhode Island). Ye a r This growth will result in both new 2008 ship construction and conversion of existing vessels into offshore service vessels to service these turbines. The OSVs will include cable-laying and other sub-sea servicing ships, as well as a new category of guard or watch vessels to oversee security as the electrical grid becomes increasingly dependent on offshore wind. As part of this trend, Blount Boats of Warren, Rhode Island, will be delivering n Postcard showing the Sabino on the Mystic River, Connecticut . (See “New Power for Old two crew transfer vessels later this year for Ferry,” page 62) – Author’s collection . East Coast wind projects. The two multi- million-dollar, state-of-the-art Chartwell There’s no cost estimate or date The new power plant for the ship, 24 CTVs were ordered by America’s only yet for the conversion of the 57-ft craft, which is based in Burlington, Vermont’s offshore wind farm support company, which attained National Historic largest city, will eliminate an estimated Atlantic Wind Transfers. Landmark status in 1992. 457 tons of diesel emissions, including These U.S.-flagged, Jones Act- In 2017, the Sabino finished a two- 437 tons of carbon dioxide, 17 tons of compliant vessels will be modified from and-a-half year, $1 million restoration, nitrogen oxide and other greenhouse their original British design to conform which included a new boiler for her gases. The new engines, whose with U.S. environmental regulations original Paine compound two-cylinder specifications weren’t yet available, were and operational conditions. This steam engine. scheduled to be in place by May 1. includes complying with legislation Built by the W. Irving Adams to protect the migratory route of the shipyard in East Boothbay, Maine, Windmills Help endangered right whale off the north- Sabino spent most of her career ferrying Ship Industry eastern seaboard, with a specially passengers and cargo between Maine n a similar environmental vein, adapted 65-ft hull. towns and islands before joining the Ioffshore wind generation (windmills) In 2016, Blount Boats built the museum in 1974. is expected to increase considerably in first U.S.-flagged, offshore-wind CTV, the years to come, even though current Atlantic Pioneer, for Atlantic Wind Ship to Lose Diesel Engines U.S. offshore wind power accounts Transfers to service Block Island. nother vessel undergoing a Agreen overhaul is Vermont’s largest cruise ship, the 140-ft Spirit of Ethan Allen III. In time for the 2020 cruising season, the popular Lake Champlain ship will undergo an engine transplant to reduce its environmental impact. The Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation Diesel Emissions Reduction program announced in January that it had awarded $268,073 to ship owner Mesa Leasing Ltd. to replace the vessel’s four heavily polluting, unregulated diesel engines. Funded by the Environmental n The new state-of-the-art USCGC Richard Snyder . (See “New Patrol Boats for Boston,” Protection Agency, it’s the program’s page 64) – Roddy Sergiades photo . largest grant to date.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 63 ALASKA Loss of Scandies Rose he dangers of crab fishing Toff the Alaskan coast have been well documented by the reality television series “Deadliest Catch” for many years. This past winter, the reality was brought home by the loss of the crab fishing vessel Scandies n Soon to be replaced, Maine Maritime Academy’s aging TS State of Maine training ship at port Rose, along with five of its crew, off in Castine, Maine . (See “New Training Ship for MMA”) – Bruce C . Cooper photo . the Alaska Peninsula. The 1978-built vessel sank quickly on New Year’s Eve to secure $300 million to build a new night after taking on a severe list that New Patrol Boats for Boston training ship to replace its aging Castine, allowed only two crewmembers, Dean tate-of-the-art shipping is also Maine-based TS State of Maine. Authored Gribble and John Lawler, to escape. Scoming to Boston. In late February, by Republican senator Susan Collins of The ship’s captain, Gary Cobban Jr., the U.S. Coast Guard sent its latest fast- Maine last December, a transportation, was able to get off a mayday signal, response cutter patrol boat, USCGC housing and urban development bill that which was picked up by USCG Air Richard Snyder, from North Carolina to includes funding for the new vessel was Station Kodiak, but he and four others temporarily assist the Massachusetts port passed by the U.S. Senate. perished in the incident. for three weeks. Senator Collins said the new ship will Gribble and Lawler managed to The new vessels, which can reach 28 be a critical asset for the MMA. “This put on their survival suits and were knots, withstand eight-foot waves and training ship is absolutely essential to picked up later that night by a Coast remain up to five days at sea, are part of many of the graduates of MMA because Guard helicopter after its crew noticed an approximately $1.23-billion program they need a certain number of days at a blinking light on one of two life rafts to supply 58 cutters nationwide. sea to prepare them for going into the that popped to the surface after the In 2022, Boston will permanently Coast Guard, the Merchant Marine, or vessel went down. A Coast Guard rescue receive six of these 154-ft patrol boats the Navy. Those are three major areas swimmer who was lowered to get both to replace its aging 1980s fleet. They’ll that employ the graduates of MMA. The men into lifting harnesses said they were enforce fishing regulations and carry out current training vessel is really showing its severely hypothermic and could barely search and rescue, among other duties. age and it’s shortly going to reach the end move in the -4 degrees brought about by All vessels of the new fleet will be of its useful life, and that’s why it was so wind gusts of up to 57 mph. named after heroic vets. The first two important to be able to secure this funding.” A Marine Board of Investigation has Boston cutters will be named after 9/11 She added that the ship’s design has been launched to determine the cause first responders Vincent Danz (NYPD) been established, but has no completion of the loss, but it’s known that Scandies and Jeffrey Palazzo (NYFD), who died date has been set. Rose was carrying a large number of at Ground Zero. Both were Coast Guard crab pots on deck and that the icing reserve petty officers. Special thanks to Edward Ryan for helping of these pots can rapidly lead to a loss The Coast Guard currently operates with this column .  of vessel stability. Such icing has been 36 fast-response cutters nationwide. cited as a factor in several previous crab boat disappearances, including n Write Roddy Sergiades at New Training Ship for MMA the 110-foot Destination, which went 15 Brown St ,. Port Hope, Ontario, L1A 3C8 he Maine Maritime Academy now down off Alaska with her entire crew Canada, or aquitania@eagle ca. Tonly needs the president’s signature in 2017. 64 • Summer 2020 PowerShips expected to be wound up. A spokesperson Alaska Tankers said that financial prospects were New Fishery Change Owners unsatisfactory to sustain the business Research Vessels ubsidiaries of Tampa, Florida- and that continued operation “was not he Government of Canada has Sbased Overseas Shipholding Group economically viable.” Tcontracted British Columbia’s have entered into agreements with BP Owned by the Riverside Marine Group Robert Allan Ltd to design a new version Oil Shipping Company USA and BP of Australia, the upscale V2V Empress of the Near Shore Fishery Research AMI Leasing to purchase the U.S.- offered a 3.5-hour trip between the two Vessel to be used for fishery research by flagged crude carriers Alaskan Frontier, British Columbia cities daily between Fisheries & Oceans Canada. Currently Alaskan Explorer, Alaskan Navigator and March and October. The expensive there are four NSFRVs in service, three Alaskan Legend, currently being operated one-way fares targeted tourists, but were of which were designed by Robert by the Alaska Tanker Company. The reduced last year for B.C. residents. Allan and commissioned as CCGS 193,050-dwt ships will be bareboat Vladykov, CCGS Leim and CCGS M . chartered back to the Alaska Tanker BC Ferries Orders Another Perley in 2012. The new design will be a Company, which, in turn, will enter into Salish-Class Vessel direct development of these vessels with back-to-back time charters for each of fter receiving its first two upgrades to be based on user input and the vessels with BP Exploration (Alaska) AIsland-class hybrid-electric ferries, new regulatory requirements. Inc. At the same time, the Overseas Island Discovery and Island Aurora, in Shipholding Group will acquire all January (see PowerShips No. 313), BC New Boat for Pacific Pilotage shares of the Alaska Tanker Company Ferries expects to receive its fourth Salish- cean Pacific Marine on British to give it 100-percent ownership of the class LNG-fueled ferry from Poland’s OColumbia’s Vancouver Island has company. Remontowa yard in 2022. The mid-size been contracted to build a 19.9-meter vessel, which will be able to carry at least pilot boat for the Pacific Pilotage BRITISH COLUMBIA 138 vehicles and up to 600 passengers and Authority based in Vancouver. Designed V2V Vacations Shuts Down crew, will replace the 1965-built Mayne by Scotland’s Camarc, the all-aluminum 2V Vacations, the Australian- Queen, which is limited to 58 vehicles and craft will be powered by Tier III MAN Vowned firm that started a high- 400 passengers and crew. BC Ferries diesels driving Hamilton waterjets to give speed passenger ferry service between already has three Salish-class vessels in a cruising speed of better than 25 knots. downtown Vancouver and downtown operation and has a further four Island- Victoria in 2017 using a 1995-built class hybrid-electric ferries on order from Keel Laid for Joint catamaran, won’t operate this year and is Holland’s Damen Group. Support Ship easpan Shipyards has laid the keel Sfor the first Joint Support Ship that it will build for the Royal Canadian Navy, although construction of blocks for the vessel got underway in mid-2018. The future HMCS Protecteur (AOR 509), due to be delivered in 2023, will be capable of carrying up to 10,000 tonnes of ship fuel, 1,300 tonnes of aviation fuel and 1,100 tonnes of ammunition. It will also have between 1,000 and 1,500 lane- meters of deck space for vehicles and containerized cargo. Accommodation will be arranged for 239 to include ship’s crew, an air detachment and mission support personnel. A 20,000-tonne- displacement sister ship, HMCS n Crab pots stacked on deck can become quickly iced in winter conditions, and this may have caused Preserver, is due to be completed in the Alaska fishing vessel Scandies Rose to go down with five of her crew this past winter off 2025. Both 20-knot-plus vessels will Sutwik Island . (See “Loss of Scandies Rose,” page 64) – D . Cobban photo . have an operational range of 10,800 nautical miles.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 65 WASHINGTON

n Construction of the experimental hydrogen fuel cell-powered ferry Water-Go-Round (see PowerShips No . 313) has been moved from the Bay Ship & Yacht yard at Alameda, Califor- nia, to the All American Marine (AAM) yard n Clipper Navigation’s original high-speed ferry on the Seattle-Victoria run, the Victoria Clipper, at Bellingham, Washington, following a num- has been sold to new owners in Gabon, West Africa . (See “Clipper Navigation Sells First Clipper”) ber of construction delays with a final comple- – Robert Etchell photo . tion date still to be announced . – AAM photo . than 8 million passengers. designed battery propulsion system to Clipper Navigation Sells give a cruising speed of 18 knots and an First Clipper Glosten in Electric operating range on battery propulsion eattle-based Clipper Navigation Pilot Boat Team alone of 24 nautical miles. A diesel engine Shas sold its original high-speed ferry, eattle-based Glosten has teamed will be installed for safe return to port in Victoria Clipper, to new owners in Gabon, Swith hull designer Ray Hunt and case of emergency. Currently, there are West Africa. The 431-grt vessel, which Florida’s Canaveral Pilots Association to no pilot boats operating domestically with entered service in 1986, sailed on its develop an electric pilot boat to support hybrid or fully-electric propulsion systems. final run between Seattle and Victoria in pilotage operations at Port Canaveral, mid-February. Over its 34-year career, Florida. The vessel will feature a Ray Modutech to the 29-knot catamaran transported more Hunt hull form incorporating a Glosten- Build Navy Tugs acoma-based Modutech Marine Thas contracted British Columbia’s Robert Allan Ltd to furnish a modified design of its RAscal 1800-Z tug for the U.S. Navy that will incorporate EPA Tier 4 engines as well as extensive fendering above and below the waterline for submarine handling. Modutech has been contracted by the Navy to build one tug, with an option for one more. The tugs will measure 63 feet by 31 feet and employ twin 1,300-hp diesels to give a minimum bollard pull of 30 tonnes. Harley Marine Now Centerline Logistics eattle-headquartered Harley SMarine Services, a 33-year-old tug n Four spinning rotors mounted on the Marshall Islands-registered bulk carrier Afros, which and barge company that has expanded to navigated the Columbia River in January, make use of the Magnus Effect to aid in propulsion . (See all three coast lines over the past decade, "Flettner Rotor Ship Calls," p . 67) – BPS photo . has changed its name to Centerline Logistics Corporation. The move, which

66 • Summer 2020 PowerShips incorporates the adoption of a new lion’s River in January. An estimated 8,500 head logo for all its regional operations, OREGON gallons of diesel fuel and 100 gallons of follows an equity ownership change in Portland Handling lube oil were removed from the former July of last year. Boxes Again 1942-built Navy tug Sakarissa (YTM-269) eekly container service and the former 1927-built Coast Guard Olympia Handles Cows Wreturned to the Port of Portland cutter Alert (WMEC-127), both privately he Port of Olympia returned to in January with an inaugural call of owned but left unattended after their Tthe animal export business in January the 4,360-TEU container ship Qingdao, owner passed away. The tugboat had when the 10,421-grt livestock carrier operated by South Korea’s SM Line. The been retired from active service in 1974 Girolando Express arrived to load 1,650 dairy 52,326-dwt vessel discharged nearly 200 and the Coast Guard cutter in 1969. cows bound for Vietnam. The Washington loaded containers, along with 330 empty port handled its first shipment of dairy boxes for regional shippers, and loaded Fishing Vessel Sinks cattle in 2015 and followed with further more than 70 export containers, most he Coast Guard rescued four shipments in 2017 and 2018. bound for South Korea. Tpeople from the 40-foot Darean Rose after the fishing vessel hit a sandbank and Flettner Rotor Ship Calls Gunderson Marine Now capsize shortly after leaving the pier at Coos he 63,223-dwt Afros, an Greenbrier Marine Bay, Oregon, in late December. A 29-ft TUltramax-size bulk carrier, sailed ortland-based Gunderson lifeboat was dispatched from the Coast up the Columbia River this past winter PMarine, which is currently building a Guard Station at Coos Bay to transfer the with four rotating cylinders highly visible 204,000-barrel-capacity ATB tank barge survivors back to shore, while Coast Guard on deck. These proved to be Flettner for New York’s Overseas Shipholding personnel deployed a boom and absorbent Rotors, developed by Great Britain’s Group, and a smaller, 55,000-barrel- pads around the vessel to prevent pollution. Anemoi Marine Technologies, and the capacity ATB barge for Crowley Maritime, 2018-built ship, which is managed by has changed its name to Greenbrier Marine CALIFORNIA Piraeus-based Blue Planet Shipping, to reflect the name of its parent company. WETA Orders Another Ferry is the first geared dry bulk carrier in he San Francisco Bay area the world to be fitted with the devices. Pollution Prevention TWater Emergency Transportation They aid propulsion by utilizing the on Columbia Authority has exercised a $14.8-million aerodynamic phenomenon known as the he Coast Guard and two Oregon option for a second 300-passenger, high- Magnus Effect. When the ship is in port, Tstate agencies were called in to speed, catamaran ferry from La Conner, they can be moved longitudinally to clear remove several thousand gallons of diesel Washington-based Mavrik Marine. To the deck for cargo handling and prevent fuel and other potential contaminants be delivered next year, the vessel will impact damage. from two aging vessels on the Columbia be a sister to Dorado, currently under construction by Mavrik and due to be delivered later this year. New Tug for Hueneme ongview, Washington-based LBrusco Tug & Barge has positioned its 4,750-hp tug Teresa Brusco to California’s Port of Hueneme, where it has replaced the 2005-built tug Lulapin and joined the company’s 2013-built ASD tug Simone Brusco. The 3,700-hp Lulapin has been returned to the Columbia River. Discovery Princess for West Coast n The 1927-built former Coast Guard cutter Alert (WMEC-127), now privately owned, is anta Clarita, California- one of two vessels that have required pollution prevention measures on the Columbia River . (See Sheadquartered Princess Cruises has “Pollution Prevention on Columbia”) – J . Shaw photo . announced that its 3,660-passenger Discovery Princess, currently under

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 67 construction in Italy and due for completion in November 2021, will make its West Coast debut at Los Angeles in March 2022, following a 50-day positioning voyage from Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, around the tip of South America. The Royal-class ship will then operate a regular series of five-day and seven-day cruises from Los Angeles to the Mexican Riviera and along the California coastline to San Francisco and San Diego. New Boats for LA Pilots he Port of Los Angeles has Tcontracted Vigor Industrial of Portland, Oregon, to build two 55.2-ft by 16.5-ft pilot boats for use by the Los Angeles Pilot Service. Designed by the United Kingdom’s Camarc, the all- n Matson’s 2004-built Olomana is taking part in a new South Pacific rotation in aluminum vessels will be powered by twin partnership with China Navigation’s Swire Shipping . (See “Matson Teams with Swire”) – Caterpillar C18 diesels rated at 800 hp Susan Yamamoto photo . each to give a service speed of 27 knots. Matson will deploy its container ships Imua ARM Reformer (POLA 101), completed HAWAII II and Olomana on the route while Swire to a Damen design at the Mexican Matson Teams With Swire will charter in a vessel of approximately the Naval Shipyard in Salina Cruz, onolulu-based Matson and China same size for the service. Oaxaca (see Pacific Maritime Magazine, HNavigation’s Swire Shipping have December 2018), has successfully entered into a vessel-sharing partnership to MEXICO completed its sea acceptance trials and operate a service between Auckland, New Mexico’s New Frigate is expected to be commissioned later Zealand, and the Tonga, Samoa, Cook he Mexican Navy’s new Dutch- this year. Two of the ship’s six modules, and Fiji island groups in the South Pacific. Tdesigned, multi-purpose frigate the bridge and propulsion sections, were built in the Netherlands and moved to the Pacific coast of Mexico by heavylift ship, while the remaining four modules were fabricated in Mexico. Finished to a standard displacement of 2,575 tons, the 107.14-meter by 14.08-meter ship is powered by a two-shaft diesel-electric power plant (CODOE) that includes two 9,240- kW diesel engines, six 735-kW diesel generators and two electric motors to give a maximum speed of 28 knots and an economic cruising speed of 18 knots. A further seven of the frigates are to be built in Mexico through the remainder of this decade. 

n The Mexican Navy has taken delivery of the Dutch-designed multi-purpose frigate ARM n Write James L. Shaw at Reformer (POLA 101) following completion of sea trials off Mexico’s Pacific coast. (See Shaw11055@comcast net. or 11466 SE “Mexico’s New Frigate”) – Marine Ministry of Mexico photo . Hidalgo Ct ,. Clackamas, OR 97105

68 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Canada’s seaway-sized self-unloader a) Leon Fraser, which completed its 77th G3 Marquis a) CWB Marquis transited season on January 16. The vessel, the the canal downbound on a voyage to oldest commercial vessel operating on Hamilton, Ontario. The prior day, the Great Lakes, delivered 64 cement Canada Steamship Line’s CSL Tadoussac cargoes from its namesake port to various a) Tadoussac was the last vessel to transit silos throughout the Great Lakes. the canal upbound while on a voyage to Port Colborne and winter layup. Winter Sailing Lakes & Seaway The St. Lawrence Seaway’s 61st ollowing recent trends, several of Season Comes to a Close season ended December 31, 2019, FAlgoma Central’s units operated well e are glad to report that the with CSL’s Spruceglen a) Selkirk Settler into the winter. The Algoma Conveyor and WGreat Lakes/St. Lawrence b) Federal St . Louis c) Federal Fraser d) Algoma Innovator continued carrying salt Seaway’s 2019 season closed under Fraser passing upbound on its way to cargoes well into March, while several of relatively mild conditions, with vessels Cote Ste-Catherine for layup. The the company’s tankers, including Algosea encountering moderate resistance from 2001-built Fearless a) Bright Laker was a) Aggersborg and Algocanada, operated ice. The Soo locks closed on January the last saltwater visitor to leave the throughout the winter. In addition, 15 with American Steamship’s 1,000- Lakes when it cleared the St. Lawrence the 2012-built asphalt/bitumen tanker ft Burns Harbor representing the last Seaway locks on December 30. The St. Iver Bright is spending its second winter passage. The big self-unloader transited Lawrence Seaway reported 38.3 million carrying liquid asphalt from Sarnia, upbound in ballast for layup at Superior, tons of cargo carried via 4,136 transits Ontario, to Detroit River and Lake Erie Wisconsin. The final vessel to clear the in 2019. Both numbers represent an ports. locks downbound was McKeil Marine’s approximately 6-percent decrease from barge Niagara Spirit a) Alaska Trader b) the previous year. A significant portion American Steamship Timberjack pushed by the tug Leonard M a) of the Seaway’s decrease was in grain Company Sold Point Halifax, which transited downbound cargoes, which was blamed on overseas merican Steamship Company, on a trip to Detroit the day before. The trade tensions, high water levels and AAmerica’s largest Great Lakes fleet, Soo locks were scheduled to reopen on or weather conditions affecting the grain was sold to Rand Logistics Inc. during around March 25. harvest. the second week of January. Through The Welland Canal’s commercial We would be remiss if we didn’t salute this acquisition, Rand Logistics and season closed on January 7 when G3 Inland Lakes’ venerable steamer Alpena its subsidiaries, the Canadian-based

n The distinctive American Steamship Company stack, worn by American Century on the St . Clair River in 2018, might change after the company was acquired by Rand Logistics in early 2020 . (See “American Steamship Company Sold”) – Mark Shumaker photo .

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 69 Lower Lakes Towing and the American- Shipping Corporation before being sold Litrico experienced a serious engine room based Grand River Navigation fleets, together to McKeil. McKeil announced fire. Heavy smoke was seen pouring from will become the largest vessel owner on that Adfines Star was renamed Atlantic Spirit the vessel and it quickly anchored in the the Great Lakes when the purchase is while Adfines Sea was renamed Northern river after losing power. McKeil Marine’s complete. Few details were released at the Spirit. The vessels are expected to trade tug Stormont rushed to the scene along time of the announcement, so time will between Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River with Coast Guard assets, including the tell how the American Steamship vessels ports and Europe. These two tankers will tug Bristol Bay (WTGB-102). Thankfully, will be incorporated into the Rand join McKeil’s recently acquired tankers the ship was evacuated without any organization. Hinch Spirit a) Topaz I b) Topaz T c) MT reported injuries to the 16 crew members. American Steamship Company, owned Topaz-T d) Topaz-T e) Topaz I XO f) Topaz The fire was extinguished using its by GATX Corporation since 1973, was T, and Wicky Spirit a) Turquoise I b) Turquoise onboard carbon dioxide system along created in 1907, and its vessels are known T c) Turquoise-T . with a contracted firefighting team. After for their distinctive black stacks with red being secured at Windsor, the vessel and silver bands. The company moves Tug Cheyenne Sold was surveyed and then laid up for the over 27 million tons of bulk commodities he tug Cheyenne, brought to the winter. The Transportation Safety Board throughout the Great Lakes annually in TGreat Lakes in 2017 and operated reported “extensive damage,” but there its 11 self-unloaders ranging from 635 around the Detroit area, was sold during were no injuries or pollution reported feet to 1,000 feet. this news cycle. The 1965-built canal tug from the fire. departed Detroit on January 3 and was The bulker joined the Canadian bulk McKeil Marine relocated to Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. fleet at the beginning of the 2012 season. Acquires Two Tankers No name change has been announced, We hope the 1971-built vessel is repaired cKeil Marine doubled its but we continue to wish this venerable and has many more years of service left Mtanker fleet by adding the medium- tug success. in it. sized oil/chemical tankers Adfines Star Purvis Marine’s 1962-built barge a) Zhezhoudonghaian13 b) Osttank Sweden Casualties PML Ironmaster a) G T. . Steelmaster b) Cered and Adfines Sea a) Osttank Norway during hile downbound on the Detroit c) American Gulf VII d) Seaspan 241 e) this news cycle. The sisters share much WRiver on December 15, 2019, and G T. . Ironmaster and its tug Anglian Lady of the same history, with both built at within sight of its destination at Windsor, a) Hamtun b) Nathalie Letzer grounded Zhoushan, China, in 2011 and both Ontario, Lower Lakes Towing’s bulker near Light X32 in Lake St. Clair on being owned by Icetank Twenty-Two Tecumseh a) Sugar Islander b) Islander c) Judy December 9, 2019. The tugs Pride and

n AdfinesS tar was acquired by McKeil Marine and renamed Atlantic Spirit during this news cycle . (See “McKeil Marine Acquires Two Tankers”) – Jeff Cameron photo .

70 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Vigilant 1 a) HMCS Glenlivet b) Glenlivet II c) Canadian Franko d) Glenlivet II joined with a small barge to offload steel coils before the PML Ironmaster and Anglian Lady were released on December 22, 2019. Later, the pair set off for Detroit with the Pride assisting. There were no reports of injuries, damage or pollution as a result of the grounding. We are saddened to report two separate accidents involving crew members during this news cycle. While joining Central Marine Logistics’ self-unloader Wilfred Sykes at Burns Harbor, Indiana, a female deckhand fell off a dock and slipped below the surface on December 9, 2019. A witness entered n Lucien-L was sold to International Marine Salvage Corporation for scrap last fall . The vessel is the water, but was unable to rescue shown operating on the St . Lawrence River . (See “St Lawrence River Ferry Sold for Scrap”) – Roger her. The victim’s body was recovered LeLievre photo . approximately 45 minutes later by divers. On February 25, a crewmember of immediate plans for the vessel, but they Societe des Traversiers du Quebec in Algoma Central’s Algoma Conveyor was also said they have little hope for a good 1967 and connected Sorel/Tracy and injured when he slid down a wet metal long-term solution. The vessel departed St-Ignace-de-Loyola, Quebec, across grate in the vessel’s cargo hold while the the Great Lakes during the last week of the St. Lawrence River. McKeil Marine vessel was unloading salt in the Calumet March 2019. tug Molly M 1 a) Foundation Vigour b) Point River. Police, firefighters and paramedics Vigour towed the vessel to Port Colborne from Chicago were called to the scene Ethan Sails for with Jarrett M a) Atomic assisting on the when the man complained of leg and the Caribbean stern. The tow arrived at International ankle pain. The man was extracted by he four-year saga of the small Marine’s scrap dock on December 13, use of a stokes basket and taken to a Tcrane-equipped bulker Ethan came 2019, carrying the name Cien-L. local hospital, where he was treated for a to an end during this news cycle. The fractured leg. vessel last operated as Melissa Desgagnes Ferry Rescues Girl from a) Ontadoc, was retired at Quebec City St. Marys River Bramble Sold Again during 2015, and subsequently sold scary situation unfolded on the fter reporting in the Summer off-lakes. Unfortunately, legal problems AS t. Marys River when, on January A2019 news column that the retired began mounting, and the vessel was 21, a teenage girl fell through the ice Coast Guard buoy tender Bramble a) arrested in early 2017. In May 2019, near Sugar Island. Quick work and USCGC Bramble (WLB-392) was sold the vessel was sold at the order of the thorough training by the crew of the to a corporate executive in Roanoke, court, and the sale to a Tanzanian ferry Sugar Islander II allowed the ferry Virginia, it was safe to assume that company closed on June 28, 2019. The to be maneuvered close to the girl and its future was reasonably bright. vessel departed Quebec City under its the deckhand and passengers pulled her Unfortunately, within a few short months own power on December 21, 2019, for from the frigid water. The ferry returned of the vessel being relocated to Mobile, Mexico. to the Michigan mainland, where an Alabama, the new owner ran into ambulance was waiting to transport her financial trouble and the vessel was sold St. Lawrence River to the hospital. Thankfully, the girl’s at a court-ordered auction on December Ferry Sold for Scrap mother later said she suffered only cuts 4, 2019, to pay creditors. Sadly, the vessel he small ferry Lucien-L was sold and bruises and was sore.  was purchased by Mobile-based Modern Tto International Marine Salvage American Recycling Services, one of Corporation last fall and was towed n Write Mark Shumaker at America’s largest vessel and offshore to Port Colborne in early December 2767 Lymington Road, Columbus, OH platform recyclers. Modern American for dismantling. The ferry was built at 43220 or e-mail markshumaker@sbcglobal net. Recycling Services said it had no Marine Industries in Sorel, Quebec, for

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 71 that the cruise would be canceled. is moving forward with a $29.1-million Holland America stated that while upgrade that’s part of a series of projects the ship could safely sail with only one that will adapt the port to the world’s Azipod, to do so would require approval largest cargo ships, which have been from several regulatory authorities. This able to transit the Panama Canal since process would take several days, and so, its expansion. Many of those ships have while some passengers could be switched bypassed the Fort Lauderdale port to fleetmates Koningsdam and Nieuw because of size restrictions. Statendam, the majority of people were The project will expand parts of the Port Everglades Welcomes left without a cruise. They were fully Intracoastal Waterway, which will be New Sky Princess refunded their cruise fares, reimbursed widened by 250 feet and deepened from rincess Cruises’ newest ship, Sky for any air change fees, and received 42 feet to 48 feet. This will allow cargo PPrincess, was welcomed to Port 100-percent future cruise credits. Much ships to transit to and from the southern Everglades on December 4, 2019, with of the fresh fruit and produce from the section of the port, with more clearance a plaque and key ceremony held on canceled cruise was donated to the as they travel alongside the berthed board. This was in advance of the official Feeding South Florida food bank. cruise ships. The entrance channel to the naming ceremony on December 7. Nieuw Amsterdam resumed her weekly port, as well as the main turning basin, The 145,000-ton ship was scheduled sailings after temporary repairs were will also be deepened to 48 feet. to offer seven-night Caribbean cruises made and authorizations were given to Another part of the project is the from Port Everglades throughout the continue operations. But her February 1 relocation of the present U.S. Coast winter season before heading to Europe cruise was then canceled so that the faulty Guard Station Fort Lauderdale to a new for the summer. Azipod could be completely replaced at facility located just to the east, closer to the nearby Grand Bahama Shipyard. the ocean, near the port entrance. Costa Luminosa Welcomed This replacement, while rare, follows to Port Everglades other high-profile pod failures, including Bahamas Paradise ort Everglades welcomed Costa Oasis of the Seas and Carnival Vista in 2019. Cuts Sailings PCruises’ 93,000-ton Costa Luminosa on ahamas Paradise Cruise Line December 12, 2019, with a plaque and Major Reconstruction Bplaced its Grand Classica a) Costa key exchange ceremony on board. This at Port Everglades Classica into long-term wet dock during was Luminosa’s first season homeporting ort Everglades, the 12th-leading the months of March, April and May at the South Florida port, although the Pcontainer port in the United States, of 2020. This effectively cut the line’s ship first entered service in 2009. Costa Luminosa replaced her sister ship Costa Deliziosa, which had sailed seasonally from Port Everglades since 2015. Costa ships have been sailing from the port since the early 1960s. Luminosa was scheduled to operate eight- and 11-night cruises to the Eastern and Western Caribbean throughout the winter season. Nieuw Amsterdam Propulsion Issues olland America Line’s Nieuw HAmsterdam developed problems with one of its two Azipod propulsion units, and the ship was unable to sail from Port Everglades on its scheduled December 14, 2019, cruise. The ship was kept in n The new Sky Princess, seen at Costa Maya, Mexico, during her maiden voyage from Port Everglades, port, with all passengers on board, until December 2019 . (See “Port Everglades Welcomes New Sky Princess”) – Rich Turnwald photo . the following day, when it was announced

72 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Maritime Program have discovered a shipwreck some 35 miles off the coast of St. Augustine, Florida; this is believed to be the remains of the SS Cotopaxi, thought to have disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle 95 years ago. SS Cotopaxi was an Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1060 bulk carrier, built for the U.S. Shipping Board during World War I. She was one of 17 vessels built at Ecorse, Michigan, by Great Lakes Engineering Works, and her design had a typical Great Lakes appearance: deckhouse and engines aft, with four cargo hatches and two masts forward. Cotopaxi entered service in December of 1918. The 254-ft ship was placed in n Costa Luminosa replaced sister ship Costa Deliziosa at Port Everglades for the winter . (See service carrying coal from U.S. ports “Costa Luminosa Welcomed to Port Everglades,” page 62) – Rich Turnwald photo . to South America for the Clinchfield Navigation Company. In December 1925, capacity in half, since it’s a two-ship Space Coast are proficient and capable of while on a voyage from Charleston, South operation from the Port of Palm Beach. handling any emergencies. Carolina, to Havana, Cuba, the ship In late 2019, Bahamas Paradise moved Mardi Gras will be refueled by the radioed a distress call that she was listing the Grand Classica’s port-of-call from Q-LNG 4000, a cutting-edge articulated and taking on water during a tropical Freeport to Nassau, while retaining its tug and barge vessel, using a waterside storm. Nothing more was ever heard or Grand Celebration a) Celebration on the bunkering process regulated by the U.S. seen of the ship and her crew of 32 men. Freeport run. But with travelers more Coast Guard. The 324-ft Q-LNG 4000 Using measurements taken from fearful of leaving the United States will transport LNG from a facility on Elba construction plans, the Cotopaxi has because of the coronavirus, bookings had Island, Georgia, then return to Georgia been positively identified, bringing some fallen off, and the line decided that this after each bunkering operation to refuel. closure to another mystery of the sea. was an opportune time to do some long- The Canaveral Port Authority is planned revitalization projects. acquiring a specialized fireboat to Jacksonville May Get The wet dock took place in Freeport, provide marine firefighting and rescue Navy Museum Ship and the Grand Classica was expected to be capabilities. This purpose-built vessel will owntown Jacksonville may back in service to Nassau in June, in time be maintained in a ready state and will Dfinally receive a naval vessel as to take advantage of the busy summer be operated by Canaveral Fire Rescue. an attraction after several years of season. disappointments. Some years ago, the Long-Lost Ship Found city was all set to receive the USS Charles Port Canaveral Prepares Off St. Augustine Adams, a retired destroyer located in for LNG Ships Philadelphia, but at the last minute the hen Carnival’s new Mardi U.S. Navy canceled the deal. Apparently, WGras arrives at Port Canaveral they had made similar agreements in mid-November, she’ll be the first with other cities for ships in the past, LNG-powered cruise ship to be based which then fell into financial troubles, in North America. Firefighters have leaving the Navy to foot the bill for many been training at the Port Canaveral associated costs. Maritime Firefighting Academy, learning But now the destroyer USS Orleck techniques and procedures in dealing n Covedale, sister ship to the long-lost (DD 886), which has been a museum ship with possible LNG fires, to prepare for Cotopaxi, which was recently found off St . at Lake Charles, Louisiana, has become the next generation of cruise ships. The Augustine . – Rich Turnwald collection . available. New development at the ship’s port wants to be sure that first responders rchaeologists with the St. present site is displacing the vessel, from various departments along the AAugustine Lighthouse Archaeological leaving her without a berth. Jacksonville PowerShips Summer 2020 • 73 has an available berth without a ship, so it seems like a perfect arrangement. The Orleck was originally commissioned in 1945 and decommissioned in 1982. Since the ship has already been serving as a tourist attraction, very little work needs to be done on board to prepare her for the same role in Florida. The vessel has been deemed seaworthy to make the tow to Jacksonville, all pending approval by the Jacksonville City Council. Purchase and operating funds are already in place. Hopefully, this project will come to fruition and the USS Orleck will have a new home. Carnival Fascination to Mobile in 2022 n USS Orleck may become a museum ship at Jacksonville . (See “Jacksonville May Get Navy arnival Cruise Line announced Museum Ship,” page 73) – Jacksonville Historical Naval Ship Association photo . Cthat the 70,000-ton Carnival Fascination will move from its current homeport of San These included a series of demonstrations will return to New Orleans for the 2021 Juan, Puerto Rico, and be based in Mobile, to evaluate that all on-board systems winter season as well. Alabama, effective January 16, 2022. were functioning properly. Among the Carnival Fantasy will continue its systems tested were navigation, damage Galveston & Royal current four- and five-night cruise control, mechanical and electrical, Caribbean to Build schedule from Mobile until January combat, communications and propulsion. New Ter minal 2022, at which time Carnival Fascination On Fitzgerald’s return to the shipyard he Port of Galveston has signed will pick up the itineraries. from sea trials, crew training and Ta long-term contract with Royal While Fascination is of the same class certification commenced as final work Caribbean Cruises for a new $100-million as Fantasy, it’s four years newer and will items were completed. It was expected cruise terminal. The two-story terminal will offer some new features to the Mobile that the ship would return to the fleet, be located on 10 acres in the eastern section market, such as a greater number of mission-ready, by early summer of 2020. of the port known as Pier 10. balcony accommodations. New and Improvements to the pier bulkhead and unique dining and entertainment venues Disney Wonder Inaugurates apron will be made to safely accommodate will also be offered. Sailings from New Orleans the cruise line’s largest vessels. In addition, At press time, no plans had yet isney Cruise Line embarked on a staging and loading area, bus and taxi been announced on Carnival Fantasy’s Dan inaugural season sailing from New staging areas, and substantial parking deployment after she leaves Mobile. Orleans when Disney Wonder departed from areas will be constructed. the Crescent City on February 7. It was the The new terminal is expected to open USS Fitzgerald first time that Disney had homeported a in November 2021. It will welcome Allure Returns to Sea ship in New Orleans. of the Seas, which is one of the largest ships fter nearly two years of repairs Disney Wonder had received an on-board in the world, following her $165-million Aand modernization, the guided makeover to offer a New Orleans dining “amplification.”Allure will sail seven-night missile destroyer USS Fitzgerald (DDG and entertainment experience. Tiana’s Caribbean itineraries from Galveston. 62) is back at sea. The ship had received Place Restaurant has menus that draw A special thank you to Frank Manwell extensive damage in a June 17, 2017, inspiration from the flavors and ingredients for his contributions and assistance with collision with the containership ACX of Louisiana, and the brand-new French this column!  Crystal; seven Navy sailors lost their lives. Quarter Lounge serves up New Orleans- The repaired Fitzgerald departed themed specialty drinks and live jazz. n Write Rich Turnwald at Huntington-Ingalls Shipbuilding’s The Wonder sails seasonally to the 7635 SW 99th Court, Miami, FL 33173 or Pascagoula, Mississippi, shipyard on Bahamas, the Caribbean and Disney’s linerrich@att net. February 3, 2020, to conduct sea trials. private island, Castaway Cay. The ship

74 • Summer 2020 PowerShips concern is the threat of disease in places Some passenger ships that operated out with limited medical resources. of Hong Kong have moved elsewhere or were laid up due to the Hong Kong protests. Passenger Ship News Because of suspected coronavirus wo older P&O Australia cruise infections, Westerdam had been refused Tliners will leave the fleet in the first entry to Thailand and other ports. After quarter of 2021. Pacific Aria and Pacific floating about off Thailand for a week, Dawn will be retired and possibly sold Cambodia agreed February 13 to permit to other operators. The two ships were the ship to dock. Passenger Ship Calls & ideal for most ports and able to transfer Two hundred-plus Australian Cruises from Australasia passengers by tender to and from shore. passengers became infected with the lbatros, Arcadia, Astor, Azamara In order to enable visitors to visit virus onboard Diamond Princess while it AJourney, Carnival Legend, Carnival remote Norfolk Island, the Australian was off the Japanese Port of Yokohama Splendor, Celebrity Solstice, Columbus, Coral government has had to construct two in early February. The ship, at the time Discovery, Europa, Explorer Dream, Maasdam, tenders to transport cruise passengers of this report, was still quarantined, with Majestic Princess, Norwegian Jewell, Noordam, onto the island. Norfolk Island started over 3,000 passengers and crew. Ovation of the Seas, Queen Elizabeth, Pacific life as a penal settlement and abounds in Norwegian Jewell called at Sydney Aria, Pacific Dawn, Radiance of the Seas, history related to early Australia. February 14 with one ill passenger who Regatta, Ruby Princess, Seabourn Encore, Seven When the Ruby Princess arrived in tested negative for the virus. Another Seas Mariner, Seven Seas Navigator, Silver Muse, Australian waters in November 2019, she cruise ship, World Dream, was also The World, True North, Vasco Da Gama, Viking became the 22nd Princess cruise ship to quarantined at Hong Kong. Imagine if Orion, Viking Sun and Voyager of the Seas . be based in Antipodean waters. The first this catastrophe took place off a small was the small passenger ship Italia, which South Pacific Island nation. Australian Cruise Market arrived in Sydney November 18, 1969. wenty-three new deep-sea cruise Dream Cruises commenced cruising New Zealand News Tships visited Australasian locations. out of eastern Australian waters with number of passengers from the Small ships have been introduced to Explorer Dream . The ship was better known A cruise ship Ovation of the Seas lost their smaller New Zealand ports, areas as Superstar Virgo under Star Cruises. Both lives when they visited an island off the of Tasmania, Queensland, Western cruise lines are part of Genting. The ship Port of Tauranga, in New Zealand’s North Australia, Northern Territory and Papua operated for a time out of Australia during Islands on December 9, 2019. The island’s New Guinea. Small Pacific island nations the SARS epidemic some years ago, but volcano erupted and killed several people struggle to provide services when 4,000 mainly cruised out of Singapore, Malaysia on the ground. The people who were passengers invade for the day. Another and Hong Kong. leaving the island by boat weren’t injured. The bodies were located by New Zealand personnel on December 13 amid fears of a further eruption. Two bodies weren’t found and searches continued on land. The New Zealand Navy scoured surrounding waters and found one of the two missing persons. The other one was later found ashore. South West Pacific Island Nations ustralia is cooperating with the Agovernment of Honiara in building a Naval base in the South West Pacific. The United States will work closely with Australia in the construction and commissioning of the new base. n Pacific Aria will be leaving P&O Australia in early 2021 . (See “Passenger Ship News”) – Australia has been building some 30 Bill Barber photo . naval patrol and police patrol vessels to give to island nations.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 75 Port News ajor dredging contracts have Mbeen announced so that large container ships will have access to Australian ports. Larger tankers are now visiting Australia from the Gulf region and Singapore, discharging crude oil into storage facilities on both sides of Australia’s coast. Australia and New Zealand rely on deliveries of crude fuels from the Gulf and Asian regions. With larger ships entering the Europe/ Asian service, displaced ships are being used to replace smaller tonnage on the Asia/Australia and New Zealand services. n Geelong Flyer is one of the ferries in the new passenger service between Melbourne and Geelong . Ferries (See “Ferries”) – Bill Barber photo . fast ferry service was introduced A last December between the provincial Coast Guard’s Polar Star made a call at helicopter or by sea, the Royal Australian city of Geelong and Melbourne. Two years Hobart, Tasmania, on her way to the U.S. Naval Troopship HMAS Choules a) HMS ago, a similar service was incorporated base at McMurdo on the frozen shelf. Largs Bay was loaded with provisions and between Port Arlington on the Bellarine survival supplies and sailed to offshore Peninsula and Melbourne. That success Royal Australian Navy Mallacoota. Equipment was helicoptered precipitated the new service and a second wo new naval tankers are being ashore and people were evacuated to purpose-built catamaran ferry. Tfitted out in Spain to replace old Royal the ship. Cruising Naval style was better In Sydney, the decision to give the First Australian Navy tonnage. (On a personal than staying ashore until roads were re- Fleet ferries a million-dollar overhaul, note, one of the commanders is a member opened some days later. The Choules and including new engines, was a better of the family.) One of the older oilers has a smaller naval vessel, believed to be a alternative than having new ferries been decommissioned and broken up at U.S.-flagged tug, sailed on an overnight constructed. This would provide another the Whyalla Shipyard in South Australia. voyage to the Port of Hastings on decade of service by the older ferries. The last of the FFG warships built in the Western Port Bay. The troopship lifted New ferries on the Brisbane River are United States was retired in 2019 and over 1,000 civilians and their pets out of under construction, with the first of the broken up at the Henderson Yards near harm’s way. series built with an extra passenger deck. Fremantle, Western Australia. The last The first, Yoogera, is already in service. two remaining FFG warships in the fleet Fires were constructed in Australia and are fast he cruise ship Vasco Da Gama Tug Talk reaching retirement age. Twas to call at Kangaroo Island ith a second license award for south of Adelaide, South Australia, at Wtowage for the port of Port Australia’s Noah’s Ark the height of the bush fires, as part of an Hedland, Western Australia, a further ollowing a number of serious bush evacuation plan. The ship stood at a safe nine new and near-new tugs commenced Ffires to the northeast of Melbourne, distance in case it might be needed to operations in that iron ore port. Other Victoria, and south of Sydney, New undertake a Dunkirk-style evacuation, ports in Australia have upgraded their South Wales, huge tracts of land and but this didn’t take place. Some ports of tugs as new entries, such as Engage townships were partially or completely call were changed for logistical and safety Marine, provide newer and larger tugs. destroyed. The 4,000 residents and requirements.  tourists in Mallacoota were forced to Antarctic Icebreaker stand on the beach while the township n Write William G.T. Barber n addition to visits to Australian was virtually destroyed. With the ocean Unit 5 – 62 Kedelstein Road, Herne Hill bases on the frozen mainland of behind and fire equipment in front, the I Geelong Victoria 3218 Australia Antarctica and other southern islands, people, mercifully, were saved. Email – billba3@bigpond com. including Macquarie Island, the U.S. With evacuation available only by

76 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Dredges Busy on the Waterways he year 2019 was not kind to Tthose using the Western Rivers for commercial purposes. Jennifer Carpenter, CEO and president of the American Waterways Operators, said, “2019 was a n The towboat Covington, owned by C&B Marine, is seen here tied up to its drydock at Ludlow, very difficult year for towboat operators Kentucky . – Charles H . Bogart photo . on the inland river system, and especially in the inland dry cargo sector, in part due MKARNS was closed for 57 days due to to sustained high-water conditions and high water last year. Head of navigation on Poor Season Leads to dredging challenges.” the MKARNS is Tulsa, Oklahoma. Restructurings High water throughout most of the n December 2019, Mark Knoy, year restricted use of the Illinois River, High Water Slows Work ICEO and president of American Upper Mississippi River, Tennessee- he Missouri River continues to Commercial Barge Line, stated, “While Tombigbee Waterway and Arkansas Tsee a higher-than-average release we are hauling hundreds of barge River because these waters closed locks of water from upstream reservoirs. For loads of wind towers and blades, it’s for various periods of time or had silted- the 2019 calendar year, total Missouri nowhere near enough to offset the loss up channels, reducing the load-carrying River runoff was 60.9 million acre- of domestic and export steam coal barge ability of barges. During 2019, the Corps’ feet, the second highest runoff in 121 traffic. Regional barge operators that dustpan dredge Hurley dredged more years of record keeping. This runoff has have been tied exclusively to the coal than 12.5 million cubic yards of sediment prolonged the river’s navigation season. power generation industry, over the from the Lower Mississippi River and its Year-long higher-than-normal water last 50 years, are in for a rough road tributaries; a normal yearly average is 7 to levels on the Tennessee River have slowed in attempting to redeploy their assets 9 million cubic yards. Hurley, built in 1993 progress on completing the Kentucky to other businesses. Many of these coal and rebuilt in 2010, can dredge to a depth Lock Addition Project. When completed, assets do not convert economically to of 75 feet. During a 24-hour period she can this project will increase the length of the other commodities.” remove 100,000 cubic yards of silt from a Kentucky Lock from 600 to 1,200 feet. In February 2020, because of a poor 15-ft face while advancing 324 linear feet. High water on the Ohio River has 2019 navigational season, American Also working on the LMR and its delayed removal of old Locks and Dams Commercial Lines of Jeffersonville, tributaries during 2019 was the 24-inch 52 and 53. These two locks and dams were Indiana, parent company to ACBL, cutterhead dredge Integrity, owned by rendered redundant after the opening of entered into a Restructuring Support Inland Dredging Company. During Olmsted Locks and Dam in August 2018. Agreement with a majority of its long-term 2019, she dredged eight harbors: It’s hoped that the remains of both locks loan holders. This agreement will allow Hickman, Kentucky; Osceola, Arkansas; and dams will be removed by 2022. recapitalization of ACL and also reduce Wolf River, Tennessee; New Madrid, After being closed off and on during the company’s debt. As part of the deal, Missouri; Helena, Arkansas; Memphis, the last half of 2019 for repairs to its lock lenders will exchange much of their debt Tennessee; Caruthersville, Missouri; and chamber, work that was slowed by high for equity in ACL and become ACL’s major Tiptonville, Tennessee. water, Allegheny River Lock No. 2 has stockholders. As part of this process, ACL During 2020, the Corps will dredge been returned to full service. will reorganize itself under the provisions of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River On the Cumberland River, Old Chapter 11 U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Navigation System to help restore its Hickory Lock was closed on February ACL stated in a press release nine-ft navigation channel, which was 14, 2020, and was scheduled to return to concerning the restructuring that “Over compromised during 2019 by flooding. The service on April 10, 2020. the past four years, ACBL has been

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 77 affected by challenging market conditions, the weather and the closure of key areas of the Western River System for extended periods of time. We have responded to these challenges by reducing costs and maintaining a high degree of financial discipline. The actions we are taking today will significantly reduce our debt and debt service costs. This will allow us to free up resources to respond to the changing market.” ACBL owns or operates under lease over 180 towboats and 3,500 barges. In January 2020, Harley Marine Service underwent restructuring and is n From left to right are C&B Marine’s Cincinnati area harbor boats, Anna C and James H . – now operating as Centerline Logistics Charles H . Bogart photo . Corporation. The restructured company plans to continue transporting and Rouge, Louisiana. At present, containers director of the Howard Steamboat storing petroleum products. move by barge between the Port of New Museum because of health reasons. Orleans and Baton Rouge. During 2019, He plans to continue to be an active Shipping is Down PONO set a new record on handling volunteer at the museum. verall, the 2019 Western River containers, with some 648,535 TEU Waterway Journal reported that 35 Onavigation season was a disaster for passing through the port. towboats were removed from the register commercial barge operators. Not only of boats working on the Western Rivers did coal almost disappear from barge Season Ends during 2019. Six were sold for operations traffic, but the movement of grain by barge he 2019 UMR season ended on elsewhere, one was converted to a collapsed. During 2019, some 29,247,000 TNovember 28 when the 6,000-hp pleasure boat, four were lost to sinking, tons of grain were shipped by barge, Kelly Rae Erickson, owned by ACBL, seven were scrapped and the remainder compared to 2018, which saw the transport departed St. Paul, Minnesota, pushing were placed out of service – towboats by barge of 37,975,000 tons. While wheat four barges for St. Louis, Missouri. The that, for one reason or another, still exist tonnage remained steady at 1,631,000 tons season had opened on April 24 with the but are no longer on the Coast Guard and soybeans increased from 12,819,000 arrival of the 6,120-hp Aaron F . Barret, Register of active boats. In addition, tons in 2018 to 14,683,000 tons in 2019, owned by Ingram Barge. Because of high 96 towboats were renamed and 30 new corn fell from 23,349,000 tons in 2018 to water during most of the season, which towboats entered service in 2019. 12,780,000 tons in 2019. closed the river to barge traffic, tonnage In January 2020, Kirby Corporation In a press release, the Red River Valley in and out of the Twin Cities for 2019 was announced that it was purchasing Savage Association stated that the Red River has down 30 percent from 2018. Inland Marine’s fleet of 96 inland tank a nine-foot navigation channel from the barges and 46 towboats for $278 million. LMR to Shreveport, Louisiana, and the Milestones Savage Inland Marine will continue to river annually sees over 4 million tons of he Coosa-Alabama River provide offshore service to the petroleum goods move by barge over its waters. These TImprovement Association is industry. cargos include sand, gravel, petroleum 130 years old in 2020. The nonprofit products, coal, limestone, fertilizer, steel, association is the voice for those Casualties grains and timber. moving goods by river between Mobile, n February 2, 2020, the towboat Alabama, and Montgomery, Alabama. OMiss Odessa, pushing six hoppers Paducah Gets Grant On January 21, 2020, Mrs. Mary loaded with rock, ran aground upon he Maritime Administration has Ackerman Otte died at the age of 106 in exiting the Atchafalaya River into the Tgiven a grant of $480,000 to the Quincy, Illinois. She is thought to have Gulf Intercoastal Waterway. After pulling Port of Paducah, Kentucky, located at the been the last officer to work on board the free from the bank, the lead barge split junction of the Tennessee River with the Streckfus’ steamers Capitol and J .S . Deluxe . in half and sank. The waterway didn’t Ohio River, to move forward on putting At almost the same time, Keith reopen until February 9, at which time 12 in place a container-on-barge service Norrington announced that he was southbound tows, six westbound tows, 28 between it and the LMR Port of Baton stepping down from his position as eastbound tows and four northbound tows

78 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Historic Tender Needs Help 1939 Corps boat tender, the A 250-hp Joseph Throckmorton, survives today as the restored towboat Elizabeth Lee. Rescued in 2004 by Aaron Richardson from a riverbank in Louisiana, she was taken to Aurora, Indiana, and restored. Since 2014, Elizabeth Lee has traveled to various Ohio River cities to participate in local festivals. In 2019, she visited towns on the Kentucky River. Today, she’s in need of new engines. To n Heading up the Ohio River at Constance, Kentucky, with six barges of sand and three empty help fund this project you can make a open hoppers, is Hoosier State, owned by AEP River Transportation . – Charles H . Bogart photo . donation at her website, https://www. towboatelizabethleapreservationsociety.org/ were waiting to pass through the area. the National Transportation Safety On January 26, at Mile 123 LMR, the Board. NTSB is an independent Changes 10,500-hp Cooperative Spirit, owned by federal agency charged by Congress issouri Dry Dock and Repair ARTCO, collided with the 1,700-hp R . with “investigating every civil aviation Mhas sold its 330-hp towboat Bill C . Creppel, owned by Elite Towing. At the accident in the United States and Wyndham to McNational Inc. time of the collision, Cooperative Spirit was significant accidents in other modes The 3,000-hp Pierre Billot, built by Steiner headed up river, hugging the east bank of transportation: railroad, highway, Construction, has been added to the fleet of and pushing a tow of barges, while R . C . marine and pipeline.” Enterprise Marine of Houma, Louisiana. Creppel was headed downstream pushing NTSB has a five-member board Parker Towing has renamed two two barges loaded with sulfuric acid. appointed by the president. Among the of the five boats it bought from Henry It’s unknown at the time of this writing departments within NTSB is a Marine Marine Service in 2018. The 1,368-hp why they collided. However, the collision Department staffed by professional Natalie H. is now Hamp Uzzelle and the punctured one of the sulfuric acid barges, mariners. Staff members include 1,368-hp Beverly H. is now the Norman resulting in a release of sulfuric acid licensed masters, chief engineers, naval McAllister . vapor into the air. R . C . Creppel, following architects and experts in various other Ergon Marine & Industrial Supply the collision, rolled over and sank. Only marine-related fields. Inc. has taken delivery of two towboats, one of her four crew members was safely Once its investigation of an incident the 2,000-hp Florence Davis, built by pulled from the river. is completed, NTSB will issue a Steiner Construction, and the 1,368-hp On February 10, a skiff carrying preliminary report of its findings. This Patsy J., built by Nichols Boat Company. four crew members from the 2,800-hp preliminary report may be commented CGB Enterprise has named its two Melvin L. King, owned by Yazoo River upon by interested parties. Then, after new 1,600-hp towboats Tom Torretti and Towing, sank after colliding with a tow reviewing all comments concerning its Rick Pemberton . bound upriver. The skiff with the crew preliminary report, NTSB issues a final Osage Marine has received the 803-hp members was returning to the Melvin report. This final report is published Charles T from Master Marine’s Bayou La L. King from an evening ashore. Two on the NTSB website. Interestingly, Batre, Alabama, shipyard . of the men on the skiff were lost. The the final report will not specifically John Bludworth Shipyard has unnamed towboat, unaware that it had attribute fault to any individual or delivered the 2,600-hp Raymond Butler to struck the skiff, continued upriver. The entity; it will only provide a factual Maritime Partners. incident only became known when the background concerning the incident Maritime Partners has christened its two survivors reached shore and placed a and state what NTSB thinks was the new 2,000-hp towboat, built by Intracoastal call for help. probable cause of the incident. The Iron Works, as Miss Sally Dane.  NTSB report, which is not admissible How NTSB Works in U.S. court proceedings, contains no n Write Charles H. Bogart at estern waterway collisions and recommendation of penalty, punishment 201 Pin Oak Pl ,. Frankfort, KY 40601 or allisions that result in the death or sanction against individuals or W Cbogart75@gmail com. of a crew member are investigated by organizations.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 79 Tugboats by David M . Boone

New Tugboat News eabulk Towing has contracted Swith Master Boat Builders Inc. for the construction of four harbor tugs, with delivery expected in the second half of 2021 through early 2022. Two of the newbuilds will augment the company’s existing RotorTug fleet and feature updates to the advanced RotorTug design. The other two azimuth stern drive newbuilds will be equipped with diesel mechanical and electric motor propulsion systems. These vessels represent Seabulk’s initial investment in hybrid power and will n The new Eileen McAllister underway during shipyard trials . (See “New Tugboat News”) – operate alongside the company’s harbor Photo courtesy of McAllister Towing & Transportation Company . fleets in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and East Coast ports. The design includes This award builds on the success of Navy surface ships, submarines and arrangements that will allow for the Robert Allan’s Z-Tech 4500 design barges. Construction of the first tug is future installation of batteries for for the U.S. Navy, and has another to commence in 2020. The tugs will be greener operation. six tugs identified as the YT-808 class 63 feet long and have a beam of 31 feet, Robert Allan Ltd. has been awarded currently under construction. The with a molded depth of 11.6 feet. Bollard a contract by Modutech Marine Inc. of design will include updates to suit new pull will be 30 metric tons minimum. Tacoma, Washington, to design a new EPA Tier 4 engines and associated The St. Lawrence Seaway version of the commercially successful systems, and extensive fendering above Development Corp. has awarded a Rascal 1800 Z-Tugs for the U.S. Navy. and below the waterline for handling contract for the construction of a new Z-drive tractor tug to Washburn & Doughty Associates in East Boothbay, Maine. The HT-60, the smallest in the harbor series developed by Seattle-based naval architecture firm Glosten, is slated for delivery in 2021. The new vessel will be used to carry out a variety of construction and maintenance duties for the U.S. portion of the Seaway. Eastern Shipbuilding Group Inc. delivered the first of two 5,100-hp, Z-drive tugs to E.N. Bisso & Sons Inc. for ship-docking services on the Mississippi River. Designed by Robert Allan Ltd., the C .D . White was turned over to Bisso on January 8. The second tug, to be n The new Barbara Jean Mullholland alongside the company pier in Seattle, Washington .(See named A . Thomas Higgins, was launched “Other Tugboat News,” page 81) – Photo courtesy of Kyle Stubbs . January 31 at Eastern’s Allanton, Florida shipyard.

80 • Summer 2020 PowerShips n (Above) The new E .N . Bisso tug C.D. White arriving on the Mississippi River .– Photo courtesy of E .N . Bisso & Son . (Below) The E .N . Bisso & Son tug A. Thomas Higgins about to hit the water for the first time . – Photo courtesy of Eastern Shipbuilding Group . (See “New Tugboat News,” page 80 ). n The Nancy M. in Island Tug & Barge colors in Seattle, Washington .(See “Other Tugboat News”) – Photo courtesy of Kyle Stubbs .

tug, the Barbara Jean Mulholland, into McAllister Towing sold its tug Megan its Los Angeles/Long Beach fleet on McAllister to Stasinos Marine Company, February 20. Boston. The tug was renamed Charles Marcon International brokered James and is now working on Long Island the sale of the twin-screw tug Nancy M . Sound. from Manson Construction Company Apex Oil bought Kirby’s Arabian Sea Washburn & Doughty launched the of Seattle to an undisclosed U.S. buyer. to replace its tug Brooklyn, which was new Z-drive tractor tug Eileen McAllister Built in 1970 as the Shelley Foss, the tug bumped down to a smaller barge. The in January for McAllister Towing & underwent a major rebuild in 1993 with a tug was renamed Saint Emilion . Transportation Company, New York. new deckhouse and stern, and continued Norfolk Tug’s Taft Beach transferred to The former Eileen McAllister, built in 1977, working for Foss Maritime until the sale Buchanan Marine Ltd. and was renamed is laid up in Norfolk, awaiting disposal. to Manson in 2009. The new owner Buchanan 5 . Foss Maritime Company’s newest modified the tug with tall push knees to As was stated in the last column, tug, Jamie Ann, is nearing completion support its fleet of derrick barges. Kort Crowley Maritime sold its tug Sea at Nichols Brothers Boatbuilders in nozzles were installed in 2018. Voyager to new owners in France. The Freeland, Washington. Designed by Jensen Maritime Consultants in Seattle, the tug is the first of four that will be added to the Foss fleet. Other Tugboat News n January 23, Harley Marine OServices became Centerline Logistics Corporation, better to reflect the growing trend of combining vessel operations and logistic support. The change came after Harley Franco, who founded the company in 1987, was ousted as owner and CEO. The Seattle- based operation also has fleets in Dutch Harbor, Alaska, Portland, Oregon, San Francisco, Los Angeles/Long Beach, n The Megan McAllister underway before her sale to Stasinos Marine . (See “Other Tugboat Houston, New Orleans and New York. News”) – Photo courtesy of Birk Thomas . The company also welcomed its newest

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 81 Coming SOON in PowerShips Greek Conversions: Sisters Daphne and Danae In Lives of the Liners, William Miller offers an enlightening history about the sisters Daphne and Danae . Originally freighters built in Britain in 1954-55, they were bought in 1972 by the Greek shipping tycoon John G . Carras and thoroughly rebuilt as 400-passenger luxury cruise ships and later sold to Italy’s Costa Cruises .

Ingalls Shipbuilding: n The Connecticut in Tucker Roy Towing colors . (See “Other Tugboat News,” page 81) – 1946–1961 Photo courtesy of Nate Lopez . In a follow-up to his Fall 2015 article, Terry Tilton offers an engaging story of the post- tug departed Seattle on January 8 for Bouchard tugs and barges in the Port World War II years of Ingalls and the ships the long delivery trip to Europe. Also, of New York came to a halt after the that continued to make the company a huge Crowley sold its tugs Attentive and Alert to USCG captain of the port issued an success, including building passenger and cargo Signet Marine; the tugs were towed from order related to unsafe operational liners for companies such as Delta, Moore- Seattle to Brownsville, Texas. conditions. Marine inspectors boarded McCormack, Lykes and Farrell, icebreakers, The chartered Suderman & Young all vessels on January 29 and found tugs oil tankers, merchant ships, Navy destroyers, tug Ted was renamed Lir and painted in with low fuel and lube oil levels, stability and nuclear submarines . the chartering company’s colors. concerns and crews not being paid. The The McAllister-owned Gateway company was given a 24-hour notice The Cunard Story Exhibit Towing Company tug Connecticut was to come up with a plan for storage at a Aboard the Queen Mary sold to Tucker Roy Towing in Fall River, safe berth or to restore vessels to a safe Kevin M . Anthoney provides a detailed account Massachusetts. operational status within the port. On of the exhibit, which showcases Cunard’s The tug Coastal 303 was refurbished February 13, the USCG ordered three remarkable 179-year history, its relationship at Bolinger Shipyard in New Orleans and of the tugs and barges out of anchorages with the Queen Mary, its founder’s vision, the sailed to the Great Lakes as the renamed to layberths because of unsafe fuel levels ships it inspired and continues to bring forward, Caroline McKee for Port City Marine. She and manning concerns. Bouchard did and their influence on immigration, global will push the cement barge Commander not have adequate contingencies in maritime policies and technological innovation . between various Great Lakes ports. place for emergency weather or other Express Marine Inc. in Camden, New conditions requiring movement in the A Visit to Luxury Liner Row Jersey, sold its tug Duty to new owners port. The tugs Danielle M . Bouchard and in the Nineteen Fifties in Puerto Rico, where she was renamed Kim M . Bouchard are in the same situation, Larry Miller recounts ship experiences, Nydia P . anchored since November 26, 2019, off that you can explore in detail at the digital The former nuclear-powered passenger Sabine Pass, Texas. Wolfsonian Museum . You’ll enjoy a walk on freighter Savannah returned to her berth Paul Sause, last of the Sause brothers ships such as Arosa Sky, Mauretania, in Baltimore after a drydocking period in who founded their towing company on Britannic, Nieuw Amsterdam, Philadelphia. The February 13 tow was the West Coast, passed away on January Homeric, Asama Maru, Rex, accomplished by the Marjorie B . McAllister 16 at 97 years old.  Normandie, Aquitania and many others . with the assistance of the Philadelphia … and More! fleet tugs Reid McAllister and Robert E . n Write David M. Boone at McAllister . 36 Kendall Blvd ,. Oaklyn, NJ 08107 or  The saga of Bouchard Transportation tugboatpainter@comcast net. Don’t Miss them! Company problems continues. Twelve

82 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Reviews Edited by William A . Fox n SSHSA assumes no responsibility for opinions expressed by reviewers, nor are reviews official statements of the Society itself. informative reading. For example, the a long struggle, he wrote to the prime BENEATH THE RESTLESS daily rum ration was given to anyone minister, two MPs and HRH Prince WAVE: Memoirs of a Cold over 20. It was served from a large, Phillip, pleading his case. Happily, War Submariner square and decrepit, barnacle-encrusted Phillip sent his request to the admiral of Tony Beasley and Edward Couzens-Lake . bucket called the “Rum Fanny.” On the fleet, who helped him receive an 80 Casemate Publishers (casematepublishers com). . a sailor’s 20th birthday he was given percent pension. 2020 . 192 pp ,. illustrated . $34 95. . Hardcover . his first “tot” and a sip from everyone This book is the true story of Cold War his is the biography of a Royal else’s, rendering him useless for the rest sailor who had a long career in surface TNavy sailor, now in his 80s, who of the day. ships and an important covert mission on served ashore and Beasley’s second ship was the a submarine. Since I was unfamiliar with aboard surface ships frigate HMS Magpie, commanded by Royal Navy lore, especially terminology and a submarine HRH Prince Phillip. On the Magpie, and slang, it was an enjoyable and during the Cold War. he became very proficient at “reading informative read for me. William A . Fox Enlisting while still Morse code with a typewriter.” a boy, he trained Afterward he served aboard the BLACK MAN ON THE in telegraphy and minesweeper HMS Fierce, then at an TITANIC: The Story of then electronic onshore facility named HMS Mercury. Joseph Laroche intelligence. He had Never wanting to serve on submarines, Serge Bile . Mango Publishing (mango bz). . 2019 . vowed never to serve on a submarine and Tony wanted to go to Radio Warfare, but 257 pp ,. illustrated . $16 95. . Paperback . was not trained to do so, but did just that was “volunteered” for a secret mission hat possibly could be written on a secret mission to spy on the Soviet on one, HMS Dolphin. He was trained Wtoday about the sinking of the Fleet in the Barents Sea. This was a for submarine duty and learned Russian Titanic that has not mission that officially “never happened.” methods and codes, and their radar and been recorded in Tony Beasley grew up in a West Sussex tracking systems. He was posted to HMS countless other books. village about 40 miles south of London. Turpin in 1955. Turpin’s mission was Top What about the fact He had seen the fires and heard of the Secret, that of surveillance of Russian that there was a loss of life and property in London during naval training areas in the distant “Black Man” on the the war; and he saw the “invasion” of Barents Sea. During this mission he was Titanic’s passenger Canadian troops into England in 1943. injured during a crash dive to avoid an list? A man who with His father had worked as a welder on the oncoming Russian vessel. his French wife and PLUTO pipeline that transported fuel In 1966 his next post was to the their two daughters, Juliette, Simone, across the Channel to France. guided missile destroyer HMS Devonshire and Louise), were not traveling in Third Beasley joined the Navy as a teenager as master-at-arms, the senior member Class but in Second Class. The man in 1946. His mother was opposed, and of the lower deck. He had been “thrown was Joseph Philippe Laroche, a native he literally ran away from home to out of the branch I loved so much and of Haiti. Born in Haiti in 1886, Joseph go to sea. At age 13 he joined the TS shoved into one that I hated.” His career spent his childhood in the city of Le Arethusa, a 4-masted barque, with 238 in electronic warfare was over. Devonshire Cap. In 1901, sponsored by the Catholic other boys. In 1949 he enlisted in the was not a happy ship. He sailed on Church, he traveled to France where he RN and became a Boy Seaman. He and left the RN on a pension in 1973 studied at the Institution du Saint-Esprit wanted to become a telegraphist and at age 40, having served for 24 years. to become an engineer. was finally selected for HMS Ganges and In retirement he suffered from pain in Within the story of Joseph Laroche’s communications training, becoming a his shoulders, neck and back from his time at the Institution du Saint-Esprit Signal Boy, second class. His first post accident on Turpin. He applied for a and other French schools is the tale was to HMS Loch Lomond, an ASW disability pension but was turned down of France at war with itself as various frigate based at Malta. His stories because his submarine service, which was groups battled for control of the country’s of life aboard make interesting and covert, didn’t show on his record. After educational system. In 1906, Joseph met

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 83 17-year old Juliette Lafargue, daughter of history and social history. As a side note, and her World War II service, and the a French wine merchant. This meeting this edition is a translation, as the book inquiry into her loss. The heart and soul would lead to the two of them marrying was originally written in French. Charles of the book is a critical examination in 1908. At this time, Joseph was H . Bogart of the various decisions made during employed by Les Enterprise Nord-Sur, the life of Thetis that impacted her which was engaged in building what is THETIS DOWN: The Slow sinking and salvage. Included within today part of the Paris subway system. Death of a Submarine this examination is a penetrating However, this job soon ended, and Joseph Tony Booth . Pen & Sword Books Ltd (pen-and- look at the official investigation of found himself caught in a cycle of part- sword co. uk). . 2008 . 220 pp ,. illustrated . $19 67. . the sinking of Thetis in regard to its time employment. Hardcover . fairness and completeness and what In 1909, Joseph and Juliette welcomed MS Thetis was a Royal Navy changes the sinking brought about the birth of the first of three children, HT Class submarine that was in Royal Navy submarine design, daughter Simonne; followed in 1910 by launched on June 29, construction and training. At times, another daughter, Louise; and in 1912, a 1938, by Cammell the author’s investigation into the loss son Joseph. The year 1912 would also see Laird at Birkenhead, of Thetis reads like a witch hunt, but it Joseph Senior decide to return to Haiti England. Due to does touch upon every topic that those where he was promised employment design flaws and poor seeking to understand the sinking and because of his engineering skills. Due quality control while response effort would want information to the age of the newborn son, Joseph conducting builders’ on. Overall, the book highlights how Junior, it was decided to leave him for trials, she sank on June political and organizational institutions the time being with Juliette’s parents. 1, 1939. She had on board at this time often refuse to publicly acknowledge On April 10, 1912, Joseph Laroche, with 103 men, of whom 59 were crew and mistakes and provide full comfort to the his wife and two daughters, boarded the rest technical representatives from families of those who have lost a loved Titanic at Cherbourg for New York. Laird and the Royal Navy. During the one in an accident. Upon arrival in New York, Joseph and underway trial, a check of Thetis’ torpedo Those interested in Royal Navy his family planned to transfer to another tubes was undertaken. The internal submarine design and development, ship for the final leg of their journey indicators showed a tube dry, but it was the world of salvage operations, or to Cap Haitien, Haiti. While Juliette, full of water and the bow door was open. the workings of organizations during Simonne, and Louise would reach New Upon opening the inner door, there was a crisis will find much of interest in York on board Carpathia, Joseph would be a rush of water into the submarine that this book. I will leave it to the reader numbered among those who died when could not be controlled. Thetis thereupon to decide who and what organizations Titanic sank. sank, bow first, into shallow water with were culpable in contributing to the While this book is sold as a her stern protruding above sea level. It sinking of Thetis and the “failed” biographical account of the life of took time for a rescue operation to be salvage attempt. The story is supported Joseph Laroche, a more accurate organized to save the surviving crew by a selection of excellent photos and description would be that it is an members, but because of a number of diagrams of Thetis and her internal historical survey of Haiti and France technical issues and human errors, the layout. Unfortunately, there is no map between 1880 and 1920, an historical rescue effort failed. Thetis did have an so one can put the various elements of survey in which Joseph and his family internal escape hatch, but again due the story in their geographical location. make cameo appearances. It should also to technical issues and human foibles, Overall, this is a very interesting read. be noted that much of what is recorded only four men successfully exited the It’s the first book I’ve read using Kindle in the book about Joseph Laroche is submarine via the hatch. The other – I read it on my personal computer’s based on speculation or extrapolation. men within the submarine slowly died 30-inch screen. Once I blew the text Despite the forgoing reservations about of carbon dioxide poisoning. Among up to 140 percent I was able to put the book, I found it to be an interesting those lost onboard Thetis were the down my glasses and just read the look into an aspect of the Titanic disaster principal members of the Cammell Laird story without constantly adjusting my that I had not investigated. The book submarine design team. bifocals to the text. Charles H . Bogart  can be read both as a look at the sinking The author tells an interesting story or as a comment on racial and religious of the design and building of Thetis, her n Write William A. Fox at bigotry at the start of the 20th century. failed workup, the convoluted salvage 112 Colonel’s Way, Williamsburg, VA 23185 The author has written a very readable operation during which a diver was or wafox8@msn com. book whose subject is both maritime lost, her rebuilding as HMS Thunderbolt

84 • Summer 2020 PowerShips by Barry Eager Heard on the Fantail n President Taylor at Dutch Harbor on a rare blue day . Tug Sea Hawk is at the right . – An Aleutian Island Port Call Author’s photo, July 16, 1984 .

Among the passengers was Alex Haley, the noted author. He served the Coast Guard in his youth, starting as a cook, retiring as a chief journalist. He continued to enjoy writing aboard ship, preferring the quiet life on a freighter. Two friends from his youth joined him as he was writing about their childhood home of Henning, Tennessee. While in port he was interviewed by two teenage reporters from the local paper. He gave them a press kit with plenty of information. The difference in their interviewing skills resulted in his ontinued from PS313. Sighting Across the harbor was the village learning more about them and their life on the Aleutian Islands on our 1984 of Unalaska, the residential area for the island than they extracted from him. Cwestbound freighter trip, I was many native people of Aleut ancestry. Another notable passenger was Mary immediately impressed by the isolation The Russian Orthodox Church and the LeBlanc, author of Mary’s Freighter Travel from modern urban society. Approaching nearby Bishop’s House were remnants Guide . A California travel agent, I believe Dutch Harbor, we passed rugged, sparsely of Russian colonization. The largest she traveled as a guest of APL. inhabited islands with soaring, jagged building was the K-12 local school. The dock was less than half the length mountains rising abruptly from the sea, The stunning landscape was most of the ship and had a single container the peaks often obscured by thick clouds. impressive. Rugged mountains could be crane. The ship had to be shifted fore President Taylor a) Korean Mail ap- seen in all directions. Closest was Mount and aft for the crane to reach all the proached the port to be met by the small Ballyhoo, named in connection with the holds. We watched as the containers tug Padilla, which also served as pilot boat. period of writer Jack London’s residence were loaded in four levels of the hull, plus With mountains on both sides, this is an locally. stacked three-high on deck. impressive harbor approach. A second tug, Passengers were free to go ashore, but The departure from Dutch Harbor Sea Hawk, assisted us to the American Presi- this was no tourist port. One group hired came in the early evening. It was a light dent Lines container dock, helping with the a local taxi, a large SUV, for a tour. Our show from beginning to end as we left 180 degree turn to our berth. Containers of driver and guide took us to spots such as the the dock headed east from the Bay, then frozen fish awaited on the adjacent lot. site of the long-gone general’s hilltop house around Mount Ballyhoo to head northwest Dutch Harbor and Unalaska Island and the dilapidated former officers’ club on the great circle route to Japan. Sun, then had a population of 1,800. It was 500 with its terrazzo dance floor. At our request, mountains, sea and birds all combined miles to a larger town! The crab-fishing he took us to view from a distance the wreck for a most delightful experience until we boom was past its peak, though there was of SS Northwestern, damaged in wartime air were swallowed up by the dark clouds and still a substantial fishery. There were stacks raids and later scuttled out of town. I also stormy countenance of the Bering Sea. of unused crab traps around the town. enjoyed walks ashore on a sunny summer More to follow.  Dutch had also been a military base during day. This was unusually nice weather for World War II. Many wooden buildings re- the area. I recall some local men walking n Write Barry Eager at mained from that time; some were literally shirtless, with well-weathered faces and Box 87, Berlin, MA 01503 falling down. Among the cannery plants hands contrasting with very pale bodies. or fantail@sshsa .org was a converted Liberty Ship. Direct sun was rare most of the year.

PowerShips Summer 2020 • 85 From the Collection by Don Leavitt Brighter Days Ahead

ords I never thought I’d write. maiden voyages in 1914, W I can’t get to SSHSA just months before the start headquarters. Rhode Island state troopers of the World War I. Rosy will turn me back at the border unless skies, passengers and crew on I quarantine for two weeks. I like the deck and the captain visible Warwick Radisson, but not that much. on the bridge – all the key The Ship History Center may as well be characteristics are present. in a foreign country. The ships sailed for only a Here’s what I am missing – a collection few months before conversion of ship prints and books from the estate into armed merchant cruisers. of William Francis Spragg. I’ve seen Calgarian never returned – she photos of three of the prints. What was sunk in 1918. Alsatian beauties! Crisp, unfaded colors; no came back but as the Empress browning of the paper; only a few, faint of France. Canadian Pacific water stains; and original frames looking purchased Allan Line in 1917 as nice as the day they were hung in and the name disappeared booking offices more than a century and from the seas. a quarter ago. I have viewed many ship According to his daughter, portraits from this era and none were as Mr. Spragg was a lifelong nice as these. enthusiast of steam power My favorite shows Savannah Line’s who sought out steamboats Kansas City of 1889 departing the on their last voyages, company’s New York pier. Passengers visited steam plants before line the rails, sailors are stashing gear on they closed, and haunted the bow, and the captain is standing tall secondhand bookstores on the bridge. Clouds are clearing as the searching for books on steam. ship steams off under blue skies. This He served in the navy as a bright, optimistic scene was a favorite of Seabee in World War II. maritime artists and used frequently, even As a civilian, he worked to this day. his way up to becoming a Print two is a large etching of the Lahn. First Class Stationary Power She took her maiden voyage in 1888 and Plant Engineer, first at Spot was the queen of North German Lloyd’s Pond Pumping Station in transatlantic fleet at the time the etching Stoneham, Massachusetts, was printed. The details are exquisite then at Pondville Hospital in – men in bowler hats lining the rails, Norfolk, Massachusetts, and lastly as Chief scenes from a bygone era are just officers clustered in the open wheelhouse, Engineer at Lemuel Shattuck Hospital in what we need to remind ourselves that all manner of rigging including pulleys Boston. brighter days lie ahead.  and furled sails, perfectly shaded funnel For now, the prints are as off-limits openings, and even steam pouring forth as the Ship History Center. But when n Write Don Leavitt at Nautiques, from the whistle high on the aft funnel. Covid-19 restrictions lift, I hope you 828 Park Ave ,. Baltimore, MD 21201 or The third shows Allan Line’s new will join me in visiting headquarters to dml@nautiques net. Alsatian. She and sister Calgarian took their view the new additions. These optimistic

86 • Summer 2020 PowerShips Captains’ Circle Members as of June 19, 2020

Engineer($1,000) Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Smith Mr. Charles T. Andrews Mr. Douglas A. Tilden & Ms. Teresa Keller Mr. Michael Fisher CAPT and Mrs. Terry Tilton, USN (Ret.) CAPT & Mrs. Roland R. Parent

Commodore ($500) Mr. Daniel L. McCoy Mr. Joseph Bains Mr. William M. McLin & Mr. Samuel J. McKeon Mr. Odd A. Brevik CAPT & Mrs. James J. McNamara Mr. Douglas E. Bryan Dr. Laurence & Carole Miller CDR Andrew O. Coggins Jr., USN (Ret.) CAPT Dick Palmer Mr. Alexander D. Crary Ms. Mary L. Payne Mr. & Mrs. Patrick Dacey CAPT Dave Pickering Mr. Donald Deckebach Mr. Richard Rabbett Mr. William W. Donnell Mr. Thomas C. Ragan Mr. & Mrs. Steven Draper Mr. Thomas Reed Mr. Barry W. Eager Mr. William M. Rosen Mr. & Mrs. Donald W. Eberle Mr. David Schulz Mr. & Mrs. William Edwards Mr. & Mrs. James W. Shuttleworth Mr. Brian J. Fournier CAPT Cesare Sorio Mr. Robert J. Golden Mr. John S.W. Spofford Mr. John B. Henry Mr. Kent Strobel Mr. Robert E. Hughes CAPT Eric Takakjian Mr. Scott G. Huston Mr. Terence Turner Mr. Neil E. Jones CAPT Robert F. Wasson Jr. CAPT Philip C. Kantz Mr. Peregrine White Mr. Nicholas Langhart Mr. Eric Wiberg Mr. Don Leavitt An Exclusive Member Mr. Otto Marx Commander ($300) Mr. & Mrs. Ross Langill Mr. Preston B. Baker CAPT Leif Lindstrom Category from SSHSA Rev. James Brandmueller Dr. Mark P. Macina Mr. Gabriel Caprio Mr. Jeff Macklin s a Captains’ Circle member Mr. William D. Comings Jr. Mr. John Mahoney CAPT John M. Cox CAPT Warren McDonald, USCGR, (Ret.) you’ll join with peers who Mr. John J. Crowley Jr. Mr. W. John Miottel share your interest in the Mr. Robert Ian Danic Mr. Carl R. Nold CAPT Robertson Dinsmore Mr. Patrick D. Ortego history and culture of fine Mr. Andrew Edmonds Mr. William S. Reid Mr. Joseph J. Farcus Mr. Roy C. Rose vessels, enjoy significant benefits and Mr. Mark Gathings Mr. Richard Scarano recognition, and be part of our impor- CDR Michael Greene, USN (Ret.) Mr. and Mrs. Howard Smart Mr. & Mrs. Glenn P. Hayes Mr. Mark Snider tant mission: recording, preserving and Mr. & Mrs. Nathan and Helen Hazen Mr. Donn R. Spear sharing maritime heritage. Mr. Han Helders Mr. Alexander Swavy Ms. June Sherry Ingram

Mariner ($200) Mr. Tom Jordens Mr. Richard G. Pelley Among the Many Benefits... Mr. Jim Antonisse Mr. Timothy J. Kelly Mr. James C. Pendleton Mr. & Mrs. Vincent Bellafiore Mr. Murray Kilgour Ms. Lisa Plotnick • Council of American Maritime Museums Mr. & Mrs. Charles D. Bieser Mr. Stephen Lash Mr. David L. Powers Jr. Mr. Ted Blank Mr. Thomas Lavin Mr. Richard A. Proeschel Cards for complimentary admission to 80 Mr. A. Pierce Bounds CAPT David Leech Mr. Douglas H. Ramsay Mr. Terry Bryll Mr. Reginald Lewington Mr. Tim Rooney maritime museums Mr. J.O. Busto Ms. Susan Linda Mr. Bruce Rowe Mr. David B. Butler CAPT Adrian Loughborough Dr. Victor H. Rubino Mr. John Cameron Jr. Mr. Laurence P. MacDonald Mr. Robert H. Savarese • Recognition as a member of Captains’ Circle CAPT Gerard P. Carroll Mr. Gary Maehl Mr. John L. Schiavone in SSHSA’s e-newsletter, The Telegraph, Mr. Charles W. Clarke Rev. Armand Mantia Mr. & Mrs. Matthew S. Schulte Mr. Steve Cohen Mr. James P. Martin Mr. John W. Schumann and in PowerShips magazine Mr. Jim Coonrod Mr. A. Michael Marzolla Mr. Howard Schutter CAPT David Cox CAPT Brian McAllister Mr. Daniel J. Sentilles CAPT Roger Crossland Mr. David L. McColloch Dr. Robert A. Shea • Invitations to Captains’ Circle events Mr. Michael Dugan Mr. Walter Lynn McLaughlin CAPT Ron Skaggs Mr. Andrew W. Edmonds CAPT Ronald J. Meiczinger Mr. John Sleeter Mr. Jonathan Ely Mr. Charles A. Miller III Mr. Britton C. Smith • Specially selected archival quality maritime Mr. Bruce Estell Mr. Charles W. Moorman Mr. Shapleigh Smith prints from SSHSA’s Image Porthole Mr. & Mrs. Arthur J. Ferguson Mrs. Harry Morgan (Joanie) Mr. Roy L. Spring Mr. Roger Gill Mr. William G. Muller Mr. Alan Stover Mr. Gary Gmoser CAPT Alfred Murray Mr. Sandy Thomson Mr. Paul S. Gravenhorst Mr. Brian L. Norden Mr. Richard Vanaria Mr. W. Scott Hale Jr. Mr. Michael J. O'Callaghan Mr. Stephen Weaver Mr. Robert A. Haslun Mr. Ronald Oswald Mr. Chase Welles Mr. Albert R. Hinckley Jr. Mr. Hollis S. Paige Mr. Kirk Youngman Mr. Buell Hollister Mr. Art Peabody Call SSHSA for more information at (401) 463-3570 or visit www.sshsa.org Don Leavitt’s Nautiques.net

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