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Individual V. State: Practice on Complaints with the United Nations Treaty Bodies with Regards to the Republic of Belarus
Individual v. State: Practice on complaints with the United Nations treaty bodies with regards to the Republic of Belarus Volume I Collection of articles and documents The present collection of articles and documents is published within the framework of “International Law in Advocacy” program by Human Rights House Network with support from the Human Rights House in Vilnius and Civil Rights Defenders (Sweden) 2012 UDC 341.231.14 +342.7 (476) BBK 67.412.1 +67.400.7 (4Bel) I60 Edited by Sergei Golubok Candidate of Law, Attorney of the St. Petersburg Bar Association, member of the editorial board of the scientific journal “International justice” I60 “Individual v. State: Practice on complaints with the United Nations treaty bodies with regards to the Republic of Belarus”. – Vilnius, 2012. – 206 pages. ISBN 978-609-95300-1-7. The present collection of articles “Individual v. State: Practice on complaints with the United Nations treaty bodies with regards to the Republic of Belarus” is the first part of the two-volume book, that is the fourth publication in the series about international law and national legal system of the republic of Belarus, implemented by experts and alumni of the Human Rights Houses Network‘s program “International Law in Advocacy” since 2007. The first volume of this publication contains original writings about the contents and practical aspects of international human rights law concepts directly related to the Institute of individual communications, and about the role of an individual in the imple- mentation of international legal obligations of the state. The second volume, expected to be published in 2013, will include original analyti- cal works on the admissibility of individual considerations and the Republic of Belarus’ compliance with the decisions (views) by treaty bodies. -
Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 27, folder “State Visits - Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Ron Nessen donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 27 of The Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN ~ . .,1. THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN A Profile On the Occasion of The Visit by The Emperor and Empress to the United States September 30th to October 13th, 1975 by Edwin 0. Reischauer The Emperor and Empress of japan on a quiet stroll in the gardens of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Few events in the long history of international relations carry the significance of the first visit to the United States of the Em peror and Empress of Japan. Only once before has the reigning Emperor of Japan ventured forth from his beautiful island realm to travel abroad. On that occasion, his visit to a number of Euro pean countries resulted in an immediate strengthening of the bonds linking Japan and Europe. -
Evolution of Belarusian-Polish Relations at the Present Stage: Balance of Interests
Журнал Белорусского государственного университета. Международные отношения Journal of the Belarusian State University. International Relations UDC 327(476:438) EVOLUTION OF BELARUSIAN-POLISH RELATIONS AT THE PRESENT STAGE: BALANCE OF INTERESTS V. G. SHADURSKI а aBelarusian State University, Nezavisimosti avenue, 4, Minsk, 220030, Republic of Belarus The present article is dedicated to the analysis of the Belarusian-Polish relations’ development during the post-USSR period. The conclusion is made that despite the geographical neighborhood of both countries, their cultural and historical proximity, cooperation between Minsk and Warsaw didn’t comply with the existing capacity. Political contradictions became the reason for that, which resulted in fluctuations in bilateral cooperation, local conflicts on the inter-state level. The author makes an attempt to identify the main reasons for a low level of efficiency in bilateral relations and to give an assessment of foreign factors impact on Minsk and Warsaw policies. Key words: Belarusian-Polish relations; Belarusian foreign policy; Belarusian and Polish diplomacy; historical policy. ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ БЕЛОРУССКО-ПОЛЬСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ: ПОИСК БАЛАНСА ИНТЕРЕСОВ В. Г. ШАДУРСКИЙ 1) 1)Белорусский государственный университет, пр. Независимости, 4, 220030, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь В представленной публикации анализируется развитие белорусско-польских отношений на протяжении периода после распада СССР. Делается вывод о том, что, несмотря на географическое соседство двух стран, их культурную и историческую близость, сотрудничество Минска и Варшавы не соответствовало имеющемуся потенциалу. При- чиной тому являлись политические разногласия, следствием которых стали перепады в двухстороннем взаимодей- ствии, частые конфликты на межгосударственном уровне. Автор пытается выяснить основные причины невысокой эффективности двусторонних связей, дать оценку влияния внешних факторов на политику Минска и Варшавы. -
Rule of Law Guide for Politicians
Rule of Law A guide for politicians 2 Copyright © The Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law and the Hague Institute for the Internationalisation of Law 2012 ISBN: 91-86910-99-X This publication is circulated subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise be lent, sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publishers’ prior consent in any form of binding, or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition, including this condition being imposed on the subsequent publisher. The Guide may be translated into other languages subject to the approval of the publishers and provided that the Foreword is included and that the translation is a true representation of the text. Translators at the national level are encouraged to perform this work pro bono. The publishers would be grateful for a copy of translations made so that they can be posted on their websites. Published by The Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Stora Gråbrödersgatan 17 B P.O. Box 1155 SE-221 05 Lund Sweden Phone: +46 46 222 12 00 Fax: +46 46 222 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] www.rwi.lu.se The Hague Institute for the Internationalisation of Law (HiiL) Anna van Saksenlaan 51 P.O. Box 93033 2509 AA The Hague The Netherlands Phone: +31 70 349 4405 Fax: +31 70 349 4400 E-mail: [email protected] www.hiil.org Cover: Publimarket B.V., The Netherlands 3 Rule of Law A Guide for Politicians TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ...................................................................................... -
Belarus Epr Atlas Belarus 110
epr atlas 109 Belarus epr atlas belarus 110 Ethnicity in Belarus Power relations The demographic majority in Belarus are the Byelorussians, they operate as senior partners next to the largest minority, the Russians. The Russians are junior partners. Russians of Belarus represent an advantaged minority. The current regime of Alexander Lukashenka is decidedly pro-Russian in economic, political and cultural terms. The Russian and Belarusian languages are very similar. And most Belarusians hold a clear affinity to and identification for Russia and the Soviet Union in general. Many of the former differences between the Belarusian and Russian culture and languages were diminished during Soviet rule. A large part of the Belarusian population identi- fies with Russia (161). The Russian and Byelorussian languages have 161 [Eke Kuzio, 2000] equal legal status, but, in practice, Russian is the primary language used by the government (162). Russians have also a special status in 162 [U.S. State Department, 2005 - 2009] Belarus, because the country is dependent on Russia (trade, energy) (163). Therefore the Belarusian government adopted inclusive poli- 163 [Hancock, 2006] cies towards the Russian minority. The ruling party for example, is ethnically mixed and extremely pro-Russian (164). 164 [Eke Kuzio, 2000] The Polish minority was powerless until 2004, then they be- came discriminated. Starting in May 2005, there was increased governmental and societal discrimination against the ethnic Pol- ish population (165). The government interfered in the internal af- 165 [U.S. State Department, 2005 - 2009] fairs of the most important Polish NGO: The Union of Belarusian Poles held a congress to elect new leaders. -
Regime and Churches: What Is Therebetween? Religion In
Issue 8 (38), 2013 RELIGION IN BELARUS: LIMITED INDEPENDENCE Since the concept of secular state has become a issue of “The Bell” is dedicated to answer these standard in a Western world long time ago, the questions. position of the Church is not very much discussed while speaking about the political issues. How- In the first article Anton Radniankou analyses the ever, there are tendencies of the rising interest of three biggest confessions in Belarus and reveals the Putin’s regime on involving Russian Orthodox their connection with the regime. He states, that Church to strengthening its power. while the Orthodox Church is the most familiar Anton Radniankou is a project to the government, Protestants are the least loyal manager of the Local Foundation And we might find similar approach of the Belar- to A.Lukashenka. “Interakcia”. He also edits intellec- usian regime. A.Lukashenka calls the Orthodox tual online magazine IdeaBY. Church as the main ideologist of the statehood, In the second article Natallia Vasilevich takes while remaining a non-believer – some kind of a deeper look into relations between Orthodox Natallia Vasilevich is a politi- strange “Orthodox atheist” composition. More- Church and the regime. She finds out that there cal scientist, lawyer and theolo- over, the Russian Orthodox Church authorities are different groups among the Church branches, gian. She is director of Centre have a direct influence on the Belarusian Church, which position ranges from pro-Russian to pro- “Ecumena” and editor of website forming its shape and ideology. It is clear that Nationalist wings. All in all, it is mostly influ- “Carkwa”. -
Nineteen Eighty-Four
MGiordano Lingua Inglese II Nineteen Eighty-Four Adapted from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four Nineteen Eighty-Four, sometimes published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by George Orwell published in 1949. The novel is set in Airstrip One (formerly known as Great Britain), a province of the superstate Oceania in a world of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance, and public manipulation, dictated by a political system euphemistically named English Socialism (or Ingsoc in the government's invented language, Newspeak) under the control of a privileged Inner Party elite that persecutes all individualism and independent thinking as "thoughtcrimes". The tyranny is epitomised by Big Brother, the quasi-divine Party leader who enjoys an intense cult of personality, but who may not even exist. The Party "seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power." The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party who works for the Ministry of Truth (or Minitrue), which is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism. His job is to rewrite past newspaper articles so that the historical record always supports the current party line. Smith is a diligent and skillful worker, but he secretly hates the Party and dreams of rebellion against Big Brother. As literary political fiction and dystopian science-fiction, Nineteen Eighty-Four is a classic novel in content, plot, and style. Many of its terms and concepts, such as Big Brother, doublethink, thoughtcrime, Newspeak, Room 101, Telescreen, 2 + 2 = 5, and memory hole, have entered everyday use since its publication in 1949. -
The Future of the European Union
A HYBRID REGIME: THE FUTURE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Mallory McMahon Thesis Advisor: Dr. Bartlomiej Kaminski Government and Politics Honors Program Undergraduate Thesis December 6, 2013 1 Abstract The key question discussed in this dissertation concerns the future path that the European Union could take. Conceptual framework developed to answer this question derives from theories and concepts explaining the rise and decline of empires and the emergence and survival of regimes understood along the lines of hegemonic stability theory. This project involves a review of empire and regime formation theory as possible ways of examining the evolutionary path of the European Union. The European Union is compared to the Holy Roman Empire to analyze its similarities to an empire. Among others, this involves a review of European enlargement and the region’s political institution building as a characteristic of empires. By analyzing major forces driving the European integration in terms of both concepts, it is argued that the European Union is a hybrid regime with characteristics of an empire. I conclude that its survival depends on it retaining the characteristics of a regime rather than an empire. Committee Members Dr. Bartlomiej Kaminski Dr. Piotr Swistak Dr. Vladimir Tismaneanu 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. -
Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western Or the Latin Civilization? Piotra Murzionak
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 78 | Number 78 Article 5 4-2018 Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western or the Latin Civilization? Piotra Murzionak Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Murzionak, Piotra (2018) "Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western or the Latin Civilization?," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 78 : No. 78 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol78/iss78/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the All Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Murzionak: Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western or t Comparative Civilizations Review 41 Does Belarusian-Ukrainian Civilization Belong to the Western or the Latin Civilization? Piotra Murzionak Abstract The aim of this article is to further develop the idea of the existence of a distinct Belarusian-Ukrainian/Western-Ruthenian civilization, to define its place among Western sub-civilizations, as well as to argue against the designation of Belarus and Ukraine as belonging to the Eurasian civilization. Most of the provided evidence will be related to Belarus; however, it also applies to Ukraine, the country that has had much in common with Belarus in its historical and cultural inheritance since the 9th and 10th centuries. Key words: designation, Belarus, Europe, civilization Introduction The designation of a modern country or group of countries to one or another civilization bears two aspects. -
Open NEM Thesis Final.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Political Science THE INTERACTION OF FRAMES, CULTURE AND RESOURCES IN THE UKRAINIAN WOMEN’S MOVEMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF KYIV, KHARKIV AND L’VIV A Thesis in Political Science by Nicole Edgar Morford 2007 Nicole Edgar Morford Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2007 ii The thesis of Nicole Edgar Morford was reviewed and approved* by the following: Lee Ann Banaszak Associate Professor of Political Science and Women’s Studies Thesis Advisor Chair of Committee Michael Bernhard Associate Professor of Political Science Gretchen Casper Associate Professor of Political Science Catherine Wanner Associate Professor of History and Religious Studies Donna Bahry Professor of Political Science Head of the Department of Political Science *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the emerging Ukrainian women’s movement in 2002 and 2003 in three regionally distinct Ukrainian cities; Kyiv, Kharkiv, and L’viv. Using social movement theory this study focuses on the dominant frames being used by Ukrainian women activists as they voice their concerns and solutions to local Ukrainian women, foreign donors and the broader public while seeking to acquire material resources from foreign and domestic sources. This research helps to answer the following questions. To what extent is the success of women’s groups and groups generally constrained by culture? Can groups that represent women outside -
IMAGES, CONCEPTS and HISTORY of a BORDERLAND This Book
INTRODUCTION IMAGES, CONCEPTS AND HISTORY OF A BORDERLAND Th is book focuses on one peculiar aspect of post-Soviet Belarusian soci- ety: its stubborn adherence to the patterns and institutions that hearken back to the Soviet era. Th is phenomenon transcends political structures and encompasses economic system as well as broad patterns of social interaction. It cannot be dismissed as merely a temporary glitch on the road to democracy or explained solely by the effi cient ruthlessness of the current political regime. In this book I try to explain the current peculiarities of Belarus’s social and political landscape by investigating the country’s long history as a borderland between Russia and Poland. Specifi c attention is paid to the impact of the borderland position on Belarus’s development toward modernity. While Europe might think of itself largely in post-modern and post-national terms, for Belarus modernity and nationality still provide the main frame of reference. Th e book is about the Belarusian national idea that found its realization in modern national institutions only from 1920s onwards, as a part of the Soviet project. When the latter unraveled in 1991, Belarus retained the only type of nationhood it was familiar with: a set of national institutions inherited from the Soviet era that could only survive in a symbiosis with Russia. In Belarus, borderland is not an abstract category. At a roadside mar- ketplace, an old peasant selling apples would tell you that his orchard was planted “in Polish times” and lament, albeit not too vociferously, the dispossession of his family “when the Soviets came”. -
Municipal Profile 2018 Prishtinë/Priština Region
MUNICIPAL PROFILE 2018 PRISHTINË/PRIŠTINA REGION PRISHTINË/PRIŠTINA The OSCE regional centre Prishtinë/Priština covers six (6) PRISHTINË/PRIŠTINA municipalities, including Prishtinë/Priština where the centre is located, and has teams working in all of them. 2018 AREA AND POPULATION AL PROFILE 572 km²area The municipality of Prishtinë/Priština is located in central Kosovo. It covers an area of approximately 572 km² and includes villages Prishtinë/Priština city and 48 villages. It is the administrative, 48 political, economic and cultural centre of Kosovo and the most densely populated municipality. According to the 2011 Kosovo 198,897population Population and Housing Census, the total population is 198,897. MUNICIP Ethnic composition According to the census conducted in 1981, there were 140,043 Kosovo Albanians, 43,875 Kosovo Serbs and 6,394 Kosovo 1.Kosovo Albanians 194,452 Montenegrins in the municipality; according to the census 2.Kosovo Turks 2,156 conducted in 1991*, there were 154,990 Kosovo Albanians, 3.Kosovo Ashkali 557 26,893 Kosovo Serbs and 3,912 Kosovo Montenegrins in the 4.Kosovo Serbs 430 municipality. 5.Kosovo Bosniaks 400 6.Kosovo Gorani 205 According to the UNHCR statistics, 1,753 displaced persons 7.Kosovo Roma 56 have returned to the municipality since 1999, of them 1,145 8.Kosovo Egyptians 8 Kosovo Serbs, 246 Kosovo Roma and 362 Kosovo Ashkali and 9.Other 334 Kosovo Egyptians. 10.Not specified 299 (source: Kosovo Agency of Statistics) *The 1991 census is not accepted by Kosovo Albanians as legitimate. GOVERNING STRUCTURES AND POLITICAL OVERVIEW The total number of voters in Prishtinë/Priština municipality registered for the municipal elections held in 2017 (1st round in October and 2nd round in November) was 188,3411, including out-of-Kosovo voters.