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Déportés À Auschwitz. Certains Résis- Tion D’Une Centaine, Sont Traqués Et Tent Avec Des Armes
MORT1943 ET RÉSISTANCE BIEN QU’AYANT rarement connu les noms de leurs victimes juives, les nazis entendaient que ni Zivia Lubetkin, ni Richard Glazar, ni Thomas Blatt ne survivent à la « solution finale ». Ils survécurent cependant et, après la Shoah, chacun écrivit un livre sur la Résistance en 1943. Quelque 400 000 Juifs vivaient dans le ghetto de Varsovie surpeuplé, mais les épi- démies, la famine et les déportations à Treblinka – 300 000 personnes entre juillet et septembre 1942 – réduisirent considérablement ce nombre. Estimant que 40 000 Juifs s’y trouvaient encore (le chiffre réel approchait les 55 000), Heinrich Himmler, le chef des SS, ordonna la déportation de 8 000 autres lors de sa visite du ghetto, le 9 janvier 1943. Cependant, sous la direction de Mordekhaï Anielewicz, âgé de 23 ans, le Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ZOB, Organisation juive de combat) lança une résistance armée lorsque les Allemands exécutèrent l’ordre d’Himmler, le 18 janvier. Bien que plus de 5 000 Juifs aient été déportés le 22 janvier, la Résistance juive – elle impliquait aussi bien la recherche de caches et le refus de s’enregistrer que la lutte violente – empêcha de remplir le quota et conduisit les Allemands à mettre fin à l’Aktion. Le répit, cependant, fut de courte durée. En janvier, Zivia Lubetkin participa à la création de l’Organisation juive de com- bat et au soulèvement du ghetto de Varsovie. « Nous combattions avec des gre- nades, des fusils, des barres de fer et des ampoules remplies d’acide sulfurique », rapporte-t-elle dans son livre Aux jours de la destruction et de la révolte. -
Timeline Rudolf Höss
TIMELINE RUDOLF HÖSS (25 Nov 1900 - 16 Apr 1947) Compiled and edited by Campbell M Gold (2010) --()-- Note: Rudolf Höss must not be confused with Rudolf Hess, Hitler's deputy, and one of the first group of Nuremburg defendants. --()-- 25 Nov 1900 - Rudolf Höss born in Baden-Baden, Germany. When he was six or seven years old, the Höss family moved to Mannheim, where Höss was educated. --()-- 1922 - Höss Joins the Nazi Party. --()-- 1934 - Höss joins the SS. --()-- 01 May 1940 - Höss is the first Commandant of Auschwitz where it is estimated that more than a million people were murdered. Jun 1941 - According to Höss' later trial testimony, he was summoned to Berlin for a meeting with Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler "to receive personal orders." Himmler told Höss that Hitler had given the order for the physical extermination of Europe's Jews. Himmler had selected Auschwitz for this purpose, he said, "on account of its easy access by rail and also because the extensive site offered space for measures ensuring isolation." Himmler told Höss that he would be receiving all operational orders from Adolf Eichmann. Himmler described the project as a "secret Reich matter", meaning that "no one was allowed to speak about these matters with any person and that everyone promised upon his life to keep the utmost secrecy." 1941 - After visiting Treblinka extermination camp to study its methods of human extermination, Höss tested and perfected the techniques of mass killing that made Auschwitz the most efficiently murderous instrument of the Final Solution. Later, Höss explained how 10,000 people were exterminated in one 24-hour period: "Technically [it] wasn't so hard – it would not have been hard to exterminate even greater numbers.. -
Boris Pasternak - Poems
Classic Poetry Series Boris Pasternak - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Boris Pasternak(10 February 1890 - 30 May 1960) Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was a Russian language poet, novelist, and literary translator. In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology My Sister Life, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language. Furthermore, Pasternak's theatrical translations of Goethe, Schiller, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and William Shakespeare remain deeply popular with Russian audiences. Outside Russia, Pasternak is best known for authoring Doctor Zhivago, a novel which spans the last years of Czarist Russia and the earliest days of the Soviet Union. Banned in the USSR, Doctor Zhivago was smuggled to Milan and published in 1957. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature the following year, an event which both humiliated and enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the midst of a massive campaign against him by both the KGB and the Union of Soviet Writers, Pasternak reluctantly agreed to decline the Prize. In his resignation letter to the Nobel Committee, Pasternak stated the reaction of the Soviet State was the only reason for his decision. By the time of his death from lung cancer in 1960, the campaign against Pasternak had severely damaged the international credibility of the U.S.S.R. He remains a major figure in Russian literature to this day. Furthermore, tactics pioneered by Pasternak were later continued, expanded, and refined by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and other Soviet dissidents. <b>Early Life</b> Pasternak was born in Moscow on 10 February, (Gregorian), 1890 (Julian 29 January) into a wealthy Russian Jewish family which had been received into the Russian Orthodox Church. -
Descent V 1999
w< >l F=Fli >w , ^ >< c Q. (5 (/) >< Q Q 3 ifl 1 u -i — — n 3 "0 3 ^ ?r S (11 • ii ir-ji I- ^ .*> a - i J The ajna Offensive is pro 1 ^ I <4 ( present a series of aui interpretations of visual / Recently the realization set in with me about my current surroundings and lack of inspirational environs, and the difference between those and newly rediscovered potentials. the self-limitations one imposes. since leaving europe it has been this way it seems, in general, the fountain of vision/creativity has been tapped a bit by a _ and shallow production outlook... it became clearer recently what was ULTRA fistic and characteristic expression and what wasn't. unfortunately, over the "ABANDONED"/ THIS LACK OF CREATIVE INFLUXLUX HAS SPILLED OVER TO MY WORK WITH THIS MAGAZINE, IT .AND FORGOTTEN' T SEVERAL NOT SO IMPORTANT (UPONON REFLECTION) IDEAS AND ATTITUDESATTITU CLOUDED OVER 7" OF MY WORK HERE, LUCKILY TYLER HAS KEPT•'-'•- THE- '- FIRE BURNING - HEART OF HANK YOU SO VERY MUCH MR. DAVIS. SO, THE DEATH ISSUE DO LLY HAVE IMPRESSIONS FROM HANS BELMER, MUCH TO DO WITH THE MAGAZINE ITSELF BUT IT'S RATHER A DOCUMENT OF PERSONAL LIMITED TO 300 COPIES ISSUES. AS I EMBARK AWAY FROM THE WEST COAST AGAIN FOR AN'T REALLY + 26 LETTERED AND SIGNED EDITIONS ENVISION WHAT IS NEXT FOR THIS PUBLICATION... OR OTHERWISE.... HER THAN ANNOUNCE OR $8 US/$10 OVERSEAS PREDICT THE NEXT MOVE AS WE HAVE IN THE PAST ;W NATURALLY THIS TIME, THE WAY IT SHOULD BE. IT'S ALWAYS A SLOW, PA IEND DESCRIBED IT) BUT MAYBE IT ALWAYS WAS SO BECAUSE VIOUS EXPECTATIONS. -
Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany
Downloaded by [New York University] at 03:18 04 October 2016 Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany This book is about the ethics of nursing and midwifery, and how these were abrogated during the Nazi era. Nurses and midwives actively killed their patients, many of whom were disabled children and infants and patients with mental (and other) illnesses or intellectual disabilities. The book gives the facts as well as theoretical perspectives as a lens through which these crimes can be viewed. It also provides a way to teach this history to nursing and midwifery students, and, for the first time, explains the role of one of the world’s most historically prominent midwifery leaders in the Nazi crimes. Downloaded by [New York University] at 03:18 04 October 2016 Susan Benedict is Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, and Co- Director of the Campus-Wide Ethics Program at the University of Texas Health Science Center School of Nursing in Houston. Linda Shields is Professor of Nursing—Tropical Health at James Cook Uni- versity, Townsville, Queensland, and Honorary Professor, School of Medi- cine, The University of Queensland. Routledge Studies in Modern European History 1 Facing Fascism 9 The Russian Revolution of 1905 The Conservative Party and the Centenary Perspectives European dictators 1935–1940 Edited by Anthony Heywood and Nick Crowson Jonathan D. Smele 2 French Foreign and Defence 10 Weimar Cities Policy, 1918–1940 The Challenge of Urban The Decline and Fall of a Great Modernity in Germany Power John Bingham Edited by Robert Boyce 11 The Nazi Party and the German 3 Britain and the Problem of Foreign Office International Disarmament Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and Arthur 1919–1934 L. -
Germar Rudolf's Bungled
Bungled: “DENYING THE HOLOCAUST” Bungled: “Denying the Holocaust” How Deborah Lipstadt Botched Her Attempt to Demonstrate the Growing Assault on Truth and Memory Germar Rudolf !"# !$ %&' Germar Rudolf : Bungled: “Denying the Holocaust”: How Deborah Lipstadt Botched Her Attempt to Demonstrate the Growing Assault on Truth and Memory Uckfield, East Sussex: CASTLE HILL PUBLISHERS PO Box 243, Uckfield, TN22 9AW, UK 2nd edition, April 2017 ISBN10: 1-59148-177-5 (print edition) ISBN13: 978-1-59148-177-5 (print edition) Published by CASTLE HILL PUBLISHERS Manufactured worldwide © 2017 by Germar Rudolf Set in Garamond GERMAR RUDOLF· BUNGLED: “DENYING THE HOLOCAUST” 5 Table of Contents 1.Introduction ................................................................................... 7 2.Science and Pseudo-Science ...................................................... 15 2.1.What Is Science? ........................................................................... 15 2.2.What Is Pseudo-Science? ............................................................. 26 3.Motivations and ad Hominem Attacks ....................................... 27 3.1.Revisionist Motives According to Lipstadt ............................... 27 3.2.Revisionist Methods According to Lipstadt .............................. 40 3.3.Deborah Lipstadt’s Motives and Agenda .................................. 50 4.Revisionist Personalities ............................................................. 67 4.1.Maurice Bardèche ........................................................................ -
The Treatment of the Disabled at the Eichberg Asylum for the Mentally Ill in Nazi Germany
In Fear of the Frail: The Treatment of the Disabled at the Eichberg Asylum for the Mentally Ill in Nazi Germany Markus Benedi kt Kreitmair B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1995 THESIS SUBMlïTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Faculty of Arts (Department of History) O Markus Benedikt Kreitmair 2000 SIMON FRASER ONIVERSlTY March 2000 Ail rights resewed. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. me Wellingtm OnawaON KlAW O(G8waON K1AON4 Canada canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de rnicrofiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. The National Socialist era was a temfying time for Germany's disabled population. -
Criminals with Doctorates: an SS Officer in the Killing Fields of Russia
1 Criminals with Doctorates An SS Officer in the Killing Fields of Russia, as Told by the Novelist Jonathan Littell Henry A. Lea University of Massachusetts-Amherst Lecture Delivered at the University of Vermont November 18, 2009 This is a report about the Holocaust novel The Kindly Ones which deals with events that were the subject of a war crimes trial in Nuremberg. By coincidence I was one of the courtroom interpreters at that trial; several defendants whose testimony I translated appear as major characters in Mr. Littell's novel. This is as much a personal report as an historical one. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the murders committed by Nazi units in Russia in World War II. These crimes remain largely unknown to the general public. My reasons for combining a discussion of the actual trial with a critique of the novel are twofold: to highlight a work that, as far as I know, is the first extensive literary treatment of these events published in the West and to compare the author's account with what I witnessed at the trial. In the spring of 1947, an article in a Philadelphia newspaper reported that translators were needed at the Nuremberg Trials. I applied successfully and soon found myself in Nuremberg translating documents that were needed for the ongoing cases. After 2 passing a test for courtroom interpreters I was assigned to the so-called Einsatzgruppen Case. Einsatzgruppen is a jargon word denoting special task forces that were sent to Russia to kill Jews, Gypsies, so-called Asiatics, Communist officials and some mental patients. -
Babi Yar - Nazi Massacre
Babi Yar - Nazi Massacre WARNING: SCENES IN THIS CLIP - FROM "WAR AND REMEMBRANCE" - ARE RECREATED EVENTS ABOUT THE BABI YAR MASSACRE IN UKRAINE (AMONG OTHER ATROCITIES). PROCEED WITH EXTREME CAUTION. In September of 1941, thousands of Jewish people were living in (and near) the city of Kiev (in Ukraine). The Nazis made a decision to kill those people during their invasion of the Soviet Union. Historians believe the most-documented of the Ukaine atrocities, committed by the Nazis, happened at a ravine known as Babi Yar in the city of Kiev. Sometime around the 26th of September, 1941, an order was posted in Kiev. Its English translation (containing offensive words) is roughly as follows: Yids [Jews] of the city of Kiev and vicinity! On Monday, September 29, you are to appear by 08:00 a.m. with your possessions, money, documents, valuables, and warm clothing at Dorogozhitskaya Street, next to the Jewish cemetery. Failure to appear is punishable by death. People thought this was a resettlement order, and they obeyed it. Instead, about 33,771 Jewish people lost their lives in a single massacre between September 29-30, 1941. Thousands of other people were also executed at the Babi Yar ravine. A monument, located about one mile from the ravine, commemorates the murders of "over 100,000 citizens of Kiev and prisoners of war." This clip - from "War and Remembrance," a critically acclaimed, award-winning mini-series by Dan Curtis - references/recreates those events. Note that Paul Blobel - a key SS Colonel in this clip who was responsible for the Babi-Yar massacre and later spearheaded efforts to eliminate evidence of Nazi atrocities - was later a defendant in the Nuremberg war- crimes trial. -
Forced Labor in the Labor Camps
Macht Arbeit Frei? German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939–1943 Witold Wojciech Me¸dykowski Boston 2018 Jews of Poland Series Editor ANTONY POLONSKY (Brandeis University) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: the bibliographic record for this title is available from the Library of Congress. © Academic Studies Press, 2018 ISBN 978-1-61811-596-6 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-61811-597-3 (electronic) Book design by Kryon Publishing Services (P) Ltd. www.kryonpublishing.com Academic Studies Press 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA P: (617)782-6290 F: (857)241-3149 [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com This publication is supported by An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN for this book is 978-1-61811-907-0. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. To Luba, with special thanks and gratitude Table of Contents Acknowledgements v Introduction vii Part One Chapter 1: The War against Poland and the Beginning of German Economic Policy in the Ocсupied Territory 1 Chapter 2: Forced Labor from the Period of Military Government until the Beginning of Ghettoization 18 Chapter 3: Forced Labor in the Ghettos and Labor Detachments 74 Chapter 4: Forced Labor in the Labor Camps 134 Part Two Chapter -
Beyond Dichotomies: Representing and Rewriting Prisoner Functionaries in Holocaust Historiography
Beyond Dichotomies: Representing and Rewriting Prisoner Functionaries in Holocaust Historiography Allison Ann Rodriguez A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirem ents for the degree of Master in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Christopher Browning Karen Hagemann Konrad Jarausch Abstract Allison Ann Rodriguez: Beyond Dichot omies: Representing and Rewriting Prisoner Functionaries in Holocaust Historiography (Under the Direction of Christopher Browning) This paper focuses on the representation of prisoner functionaries in the traditional historiography. Starting with Eugen K ogon, it traces the development of the “good political” versus “bad criminal.” Using prisoner and prisoner functionary testimonies, it demonstrates that this current representation is too simplistic and must be re -evaluated. Prisoner functionaries were b oth prisoners and functionaries , and wore a Janus face at all times. This meant they hurt some as they saved others - all within the confines of their limited power. The paper ends with Primo Levi’s The Gray Zone and a call for the understanding to be app lied to future works on prisoner functionaries. II Table of Contents Chapter I. Introduction. 1 II. The Camp Structure. .5 III. Historiography. .7 IV. Kapos . .16 Majdanek. 17 Bergen -Belsen. 25 V. Prisoner Perceptions. .29 VI. Representations of Kapos. 40 Film. 40 Literature. 44 VII. “The Gray Zone”. 47 Bibliography. 51 III Chapter One Introduction Siegfried Halbreich arrived at Sachsenhausen in early October 1939. He was a Polish Jew who had briefly fought in the Polish Army one month prior. Several years and transfers later, Halbreich arriv ed at Auschwitz. -
England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions >> Irving V
[Home ] [ Databases ] [ World Law ] [Multidatabase Search ] [ Help ] [ Feedback ] England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions >> Irving v. Penguin Books Limited, Deborah E. Lipstat [2000] EWHC QB 115 (11th April, 2000) URL: http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2000/115.html Cite as: [2000] EWHC QB 115 [New search ] [ Help ] Irving v. Penguin Books Limited, Deborah E. Lipstat [2000] EWHC QB 115 (11th April, 2000) 1996 -I- 1113 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION Before: The Hon. Mr. Justice Gray B E T W E E N: DAVID JOHN CADWELL IRVING Claimant -and- PENGUIN BOOKS LIMITED 1st Defendant DEBORAH E. LIPSTADT 2nd Defendant MR. DAVID IRVING (appered in person). MR. RICHARD RAMPTON QC (instructed by Messrs Davenport Lyons and Mishcon de Reya) appeared on behalf of the first and second Defendants. MISS HEATHER ROGERS (instructed by Messrs Davenport Lyons) appeared on behalf of the first Defendant, Penguin Books Limited. MR ANTHONY JULIUS (instructed by Messrs Mishcon de Reya) appeared on behalf of the second Defendant, Deborah Lipstadt. I direct pursuant to CPR Part 39 P.D. 6.1. that no official shorthand note shall be taken of this judgment and that copies of this version as handed down may be treated as authentic. Mr. Justice Gray 11 April 2000 Index Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 A summary of the main issues 1.4 The parties II. THE WORDS COMPLAINED OF AND THEIR MEANING 2.1 The passages complained of 2.6 The issue of identification 2.9 The issue of interpretation or meaning III.