DOCSLIB.ORG

Costs and Financial Benefits of Undertaking Green Building Assessments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Costs and Financial Benefits of Undertaking Green Building Assessments Costs and Financial Benefits of Undertaking Green Building Assessments Final Report Contents 0 Research Highlights............................................................................................................ 1 0.1 Cost Premiums for Green Building Assessments in Hong Kong........................................ 1 0.2 Certified Green Buildings .................................................................................................... 2 0.3 Potential Financial Benefits................................................................................................. 2 0.4 Green Building Assessments in Hong Kong....................................................................... 3 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 HK-BEAM............................................................................................................................ 6 1.3 Timeline............................................................................................................................... 6 2 Green Building Assessments.............................................................................................. 7 2.1 Green Building Concepts .................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Certified Green Buildings .................................................................................................. 10 3 Cost and Benefits of Green Buildings............................................................................... 14 3.1 Perceived Cost Premiums for Green Buildings ................................................................ 14 3.2 Perceived Benefits of Certified Green Buildings............................................................... 15 3.3 Relative Costs for Office Buildings.................................................................................... 17 3.4 Relative Cost for Residential Buildings............................................................................. 18 4 Green Building Assessments in Hong Kong..................................................................... 20 4.1 Assessments under HK-BEAM 1/96R (New Offices) ....................................................... 20 4.2 Assessments Under HK-BEAM 3/99 (Residential) ........................................................... 21 4.3 Assessments Under HK-BEAM ‘New Buildings’ 4/04....................................................... 22 5 Energy Use Assessments................................................................................................. 27 5.1 Energy Use in Buildings in Hong Kong............................................................................. 27 5.2 Energy Use Assessments................................................................................................. 28 5.3 HK-BEAM Energy Use Assessments for Office Buildings ................................................ 30 5.4 Energy Use Assessments in Version 1/96R (New Offices) .............................................. 31 5.5 Energy Use Assessments in Version 4/04 for Office Buildings ........................................ 34 5.6 Differences Between Versions 1/96R and 4/04 ................................................................ 37 5.7 Residential Building Energy Assessments in HK-BEAM .................................................. 39 6 Study Methodology ........................................................................................................... 45 6.1 Cost Data .......................................................................................................................... 45 6.2 Cost Premium for Individual Credits ................................................................................. 46 6.3 Baseline Office Building .................................................................................................... 47 6.4 Baseline Residential Building............................................................................................ 48 6.5 Key Assumptions .............................................................................................................. 49 6.6 Premium for a Particular Performance Grade .................................................................. 50 6.7 Estimation of Overall Cost Premiums ............................................................................... 50 7 Cost Premiums for HK-BEAM Assessments .................................................................... 53 7.1 Cost Premiums for Certification to HK-BEAM 1/96R (New Offices) ................................. 53 7.2 Cost Premiums for Certification to HK-BEAM 3/99 (Residential) ..................................... 58 7.3 Cost Premiums for Certification to HK-BEAM 4/04 (New Buildings) ................................ 59 7.4 Cost Premiums for Energy Efficient Designs.................................................................... 61 8 Benefits from Green Building Assessments...................................................................... 64 8.1 Post-occupancy Evaluation of Existing Buildings ............................................................. 64 8.2 Indoor Environmental Quality............................................................................................ 67 8.3 Site Aspects ...................................................................................................................... 77 8.4 Materials Aspects.............................................................................................................. 78 8.5 Energy Use in Office Buildings ......................................................................................... 79 8.6 Energy Use in Residential Buildings ................................................................................. 81 8.7 Water Use ......................................................................................................................... 83 8.8 Production of Buildings ..................................................................................................... 85 8.9 Minimising Costs and Maximising Benefits....................................................................... 93 9 Observations and Recommendations............................................................................... 95 9.1 Increased Value of Green Buildings ................................................................................. 95 9.2 Incentives to Enhance Energy Performance .................................................................... 96 10 Cost Premiums for HK-BEAM 4/04 Credits ...................................................................... 98 ii 0 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS This study has examined the costs and financial benefits of green building assessments for new buildings in Hong Kong. The estimates are based on studies for two building types: a high-rise, air-conditioned office building of ‘generic’ design, and a low-cost (public sector) high-rise residential building. Most often investment decisions for building projects tend to be based on capital cost; consequently, any investment in green attributes for a building is likely to depend on the added cost, i.e. the cost premium over conventional design and construction practice. To understand the cost premiums for so-called green buildings, i.e. buildings assessed and certified under a building environmental assessment method, it is necessary to understand what assessment and certification entails, and what it achieves in terms of enhancements to building qualities and performance. Similarly, the financial benefits of a green building depend on the outcome of the assessment and the persistence over time of the performance enhancements. 0.1 COST PREMIUMS FOR GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENTS IN HONG KONG The study has revealed that the minimum premium on total construction cost for buildings certified as ‘green’ under the Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method (HK-BEAM) is likely to be of the order of 0-4%, depending on the certified performance grade achieved (e.g. HK- BEAM ‘Gold’). Costs for financing, additional design time/fees, and certification fees are excluded. The following table summarises the minimum premiums for the two types of buildings assessed under HK-BEAM versions 1/96R (1999) and 4/04 (2004) for office buildings, and HK-BEAM versions 3/99 (1999) and 4/04 for low-cost, high-rise residential buildings. The percentages for private sector residential buildings would be about half of the values given in the table. The estimates for HK-BEAM versions 1/96R and 3/99 are historical in that both assessment methods have been replaced by version 4/04. Projecting these estimates to particular development would not be appropriate given the variability of site conditions, building scale and design, as well as the correctness of the data used in this study. Rather, the cost premiums should be seen as indicative for the stock of new ‘green’ buildings in Hong Kong. Summary of minimum cost premiums for buildings assessed under HK-BEAM Office Building Certified Grade and required % of available credits HK-BEAM 1/96R - 59 credits* ‘Good’ 55%+ ‘Very Good’ 65%+ ‘Excellent’ 75%+ % Premium@ 0%+ < 1% 1%+ HK-BEAM 4/04 – 112+ credits* ‘Silver’ 55%+ ‘Gold’ 65%+ ‘Platinum’ 75%+ % Premium@ 0.8%+
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Towards Sustainable Use of Building Stock
    OECD/IEA JOINT WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE USE OF BUILDING STOCK TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 9 Objectives.................................................................................................................................................... 9 Summary of discussions............................................................................................................................ 10 Introductory Session.............................................................................................................................. 10 Session 1: Trends and Issues: Where are we going? ............................................................................. 10 Session 2: What is SUBS?..................................................................................................................... 10 Session 3: What should be done to promote SUBS?............................................................................. 11 Session 4: Flexible Use of Building Stock ............................................................................................ 12 Session 5: Vitalization of the Market for Existing Buildings................................................................ 12 Session 6: Upgrading the energy efficiency of existing buildings ........................................................ 13 Session 7: Information tools contributing
    [Show full text]
  • International and National Standards on Dimensional Coordination, Modular Coordination, Tolerances and Joints in Building
    L N S T < fr STAND & tech r.i.c. A111D0 ms rn | mi i i Nii i PUBLICATIONS A111D4 NBSIR 79-1 791 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS ON DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION, MODULAR COORDINATION, TOLERANCES AND JOINTS IN BUILDING August 1979 79-1791 wauitfaaS' Bureau of 'Stsird&rfe DEC 1 2 19 79 rxoi free. -Cc cc. Si (Lx go NBSIR 79-1791 LI j ? I INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS ON DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION, MODULAR COORDINATION, c« TOLERANCES AND JOINTS IN BUILDING Hans J. Milton Building Economics and Regulatory Technology Division Center for Building Technology National Engineering Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Washington, D C. 20234 August 1979 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary Luther H. Hodges, Jr., Under Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler. Director : , ABSTRACT This Interim Report lists international, regional (multi-national), and national standards dealing with the principles and practical application of modular and dimensional coordination in building, including joints and tolerances. The document shows the widespread adoption of the international building module (M) , of 100 mm, as a basis for dimensional standardization in building design, production and construction. The listing comprises a total of 26 international and regional standards (ISO, COPANT, ICAITI) and well over 500 foreign national standards. Where available, brief summaries of contents have been included, as well as titles or subtitles in English. Appendixes are included to illustrate international coopera- tion on the subject, and include a multi-lingual vocabulary for twenty of the key terms used in modular coordination.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Building City Market Briefs Table of Contents
    GREEN BUILDING CITY MARKET BRIEFS TABLE OF CONTENTS NORTH AMERICA Rotterdam Stockholm Austin Venice Boston Warsaw Chicago Houston AFRICA Los Angeles New Orleans Addis Ababa New York City Cape Town Philadelphia Dar es Salaam Portland Jo’Burg San Francisco Lagos Seattle Nairobi Toronto Vancouver SOUTH & WEST ASIA Washington, D.C. Delhi Dhaka North CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA Dhaka South Bogota Karachi Buenos Aires Mumbai Curitiba Lima EAST ASIA Mexico City Beijing Rio de Janeiro Changwon Santiago Hong Kong Sao Paulo Seoul Shanghai EUROPE Shenzhen Amsterdam Tokyo Athens Yokohama Barcelona Basel SOUTHEAST ASIA & OCEANA Berlin Bangkok Copenhagen Hanoi Istanbul Ho Chi Minh City London Jakarta Madrid Melbourne Milan Singapore Moscow Sydney Oslo Paris ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Rome FOREWORD This report addresses a critical issue facing mayors in cities around the world: building energy use is a leading contributor to urban – and global -- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It therefore represents one of the greatest opportunities for cities to tackle climate change locally, and contribute to ambitious national government targets at the Paris COP21 and beyond. Cities are the drivers of development, growth and investment. But rising consumption and production in cities is causing more than 70 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, and cities are vulnerable to climate impacts, such as sea level rise, heat waves and drought. If cities continue to develop according to the prevailing 20th century model, it will not be possible to prevent severe climate change. Fortunately, today, a number of leading mayors are forging a path to low carbon development and are already achieving economic growth by investing in sustainable city climate solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Tall Buildings Market Analysis
    Tall Buildings Market Analysis Prepared on behalf of Reading Borough Council November 2007 Prepared by Knight Frank Research 20 Hanover Square London W1S 1HZ Disclaimer, confidentiality and copyright This report has been produced by Knight Frank LLP Research for Reading Borough Council and no part of the report is to be passed to any third party without the specific written consent of Knight Frank. Although reasonable skill and care has been used in the preparation of this report and in particular the information, analysis, views and projections presented, no legal responsibility can be accepted by Knight Frank for any loss or damage whatsoever and howsoever arising from the contents of the report. Any forecasts or projections of future performance contained in this report are liable to different outcomes or changes caused by circumstances whether of a political, economic, social or property market nature. Neither the whole nor any part of this report nor any reference thereto may be included in any other document circular or statement nor published in any way without the prior written approval of Knight Frank to the form and content within which it appears. Tall Buildings Market Analysis Prepared on behalf of Reading Borough Council y November 2007 Executive Summary The Reading office market is currently experiencing healthy levels of demand from a broad range of occupiers. Letting activity has recovered over that last 18 months, demand for new accommodation is strong and this has helped erode availability levels and encourage rental growth. Although there is limited evidence of take-up of space in tall buildings this has been due to the quality of accommodation available in the existing tall buildings rather than a more profound trend in occupier preference.
    [Show full text]
  • International and National Standards on Dimensional Coordination, Modular Coordination, Tolerances and Joints
    A111D3 7 3 2 M fl breau of Standards Bldg. |AT'L INST E-01 Admin. OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C. CT I 1981 A1 11 03073248 n , rna,lonal and natlona 00™ ?!i?,^U57 N0.5J J? 131092 95, 1980 C.1 NBS-PUB-C 19 NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 595 foo U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards X X INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS ON DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION, MODULAR COORDINATION, TOLERANCES AND JOINTS IN BUILDING NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology. THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides calibration services.
    [Show full text]
  • Ide a Bespoke Service Offering Flexible Opportunities in Vibrant Places to Enable Your Business to Engage, Thrive and Grow
    Union TA E I R L D R E E N - I I M G A Manchester City Centre Hospitality opportunity We’re here to help make your vision a reality - Albert Square Uniom From new concepts to the tried and tested, we provide a bespoke service offering flexible opportunities in vibrant places to enable your business to engage, thrive and grow. Visionary We’re a team of forward-thinking retail and leisure experts with a track record in creating industry firsts. We love the pace and constant change created by our industry, which is why we work with both leading brands and promising TA E I entrepreneurs with fresh ideas. R L D Relationship focussed R E We’ll collaborate with you to find the E N - I perfect fit for your retail or leisure business. I M G We carefully align your brand with the A perfect destination, space and support. Invested in you We know what it takes to create successful retail and leisure brands. All of our spaces and destinations provide ideal conditions Bruntwood Works creates and to launch new concepts. Our products manages some of the most innovative and services scale flexibly as you grow, retail and leisure spaces across meaning you’ll always be in the perfect Manchester, Liverpool, Cheshire, place. Leeds and Birmingham. Our team of specialists work with over 150 operators including independent shops, restaurants, bars, cafes and street food traders as well as national retailers, gyms, and hotels. Bring your Bring life ideas to Planning permission is set to be submitted in August 2021, with Union development works to follow.
    [Show full text]
  • IEC 60917-1 ® Edition 2.0 2019-09
    Nofurtherreproductionordistributionispermitted. Copyrighted materiallicensedtoUniversityofTorontobyClarivateAnalytics(US)LLC,subscriptions.techstreet.com,downloadedon2019-11-2708:51:55+0000User. IEC 60917-1 ® Edition 2.0 2019-09 REDLINE VERSION colour inside Modular order for the development of mechanical structures for electrical and electronic equipment practices – Part 1: Generic standard IEC 60917-1:2019-09 RLV(en) RLV(en) IEC 60917-1:2019-09 Nofurtherreproductionordistributionispermitted. Copyrighted materiallicensedtoUniversityofTorontobyClarivateAnalytics(US)LLC,subscriptions.techstreet.com,downloadedon2019-11-2708:51:55+0000User. THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright © 2019 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 3, rue de Varembé [email protected] CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch Switzerland About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic
    [Show full text]
  • Oxford Road and Piccadilly Site Compounds
    ea246ca1-3ba0-4539-a304-541c6cf9f95b N E W T E B K Y O E B O E R A R ra W N T K 4 T Y ze S nn N e 5 E T T o L 8 8 s E S d O E e A E M E 1 9 6 t 4 S T a t N D 4 U A R k o r 1 e 3 R c R H T c 1 e E 7 Paradise Wharf Statue Y N o 1 t B E r T S o 5 y T L 5 45.1m o L TCBs L E A A A Junction t 7 l t i 0 S nc S 2 T l S H N 1 Grand Hotel o E ln T Multi Car Pk i d C L C T House sop our 1 S 4 d n A Jes t l q D Bridge 37.5m 1 . u 3 R R s m 17 a 1 h lia a r 6 a a t Wil 19 Lincoln's e 1 l N 1 o n E E n t c t House J C a E A E a 1 n 16 C Statue o c r T a 18 FB TCBs 47.9m U 29 T PH i o L T 1 E l 2 n T E 0 33 P P T to 8 37 R L 28 l R T h Q 3 s UE e O S A A EN 5 S P T t P E N TR Albert E EE R 3 o PH R D T 0 E 2 B 5 9 5 O I H 1 0 Navigation 1 o R 3 t a o N LB G 9 t 6 H Memorial 2 3 T AR 4 s S 1 D C 1 MA 1 S A N 0 i T qu 3 S 8 E 7 TR 1 House ed E .
    [Show full text]
  • Cities, Communities and Homes: Is the Urban Future Livable?
    Cities, Communities, Homes Is the Urban Future Livable? AMPS Proceedings Series 10.1 AMPS PROCEEDINGS SERIES 10.1 AMPS, University of Derby 22 – 23 June, 2017 Cities, Communities and Homes: Is the Urban Future Livable? EDITOR: Eleni Tracada SERIES EDITOR: Graham Cairns PRODUCTION EDITOR: Eric An © AMPS AMPS PROCEEDINGS SERIES 10.1. ISSN 2398-9467 INTRODUCTION This publication is the product of the conference Cities, Communities and Homes: Is the Urban Future Livable? held at the University of Derby in 2018. The premise of the conference and this publication is that the forces shaping life in cities are complex. The economies they are based on are multiple. Some are growing exponentially, others are shrinking. Some pride themselves on architectural heritage, others are seeking to build and rebrand. Some are old, some are new. Inevitably their urban fabrics vary. The communities that live in these places reflect these conditions. Some are long-standing, others are new and in-formation. Sometimes they are active, on occasion homogenous. More generally they are diverse. These communities need, and want, a say in their futures. Some are well connected and affluent, others suffer deprivation and social exclusion. A constant in the mist of this complexity is their need to be housed – whether by themselves, the market, or governments. The conference and this subsequent publication seek to explore how the three issues of city development, sense of community and housing need, all combine to make lives in our cities livable – or not. How will our
    [Show full text]
  • Preview - Click Here to Buy the Full Publication
    This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IEC 60917-1 ® Edition 2.0 2019-09 REDLINE VERSION INTERNATIONAL STANDARD colour inside Modular order for the development of mechanical structures for electrical and electronic equipment practices – Part 1: Generic standard INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 31.240 ISBN 978-2-8322-7416-3 Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 2 – IEC 60917-1:2019 RLV © IEC 2019 CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 1 Scope and object ............................................................................................................. 8 2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 8 3 Terms, terminology and definitions ................................................................................ 11 4 Fundamentals and background information .................................................................... 22 4.1 General ................................................................................................................. 22 4.2 Structures of electrical and electronic equipment
    [Show full text]
  • Hilltop View Apartments New Construction Project Avalon Housing, Inc
    Attachment 21: Hilltop View Apartments New Construction Project Avalon Housing, Inc. 7651 Dan Hoey Rd, City of Dexter, Washtenaw County, MI 2019-20 HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME) Funding Energy Consumption/Energy Efficiency Documentation, Energy Consumption/Energy Efficiency Narrative, Avalon Housing Hilltop View Apartments Enterprise Green Communities Commitments, Enterprise Green Communities 2015 Green Criteria, W.A.V.E. Bus System, AAATA Bus System Map, Hilltop View Apartments Site Plan April 2, 2020 1 Hilltop View Apartments Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency Full Narrative: This project includes the use and installation of Energy Star appliances, the HVAC equipment will be sized according to the size of the building, and all LED lighting in the interior of buildings and all LED lighting on the exterior of the buildings. All dwelling units at both sites will be certified through the ENERGY STAR New Homes program. This project will achieve minimum home energy rating system requirements according to the Enterprise Green Communities green criteria for Building Performance Standard for New Construction of low rise multifamily residential development. The project includes the installation of Energy Star rated exterior vent fans for bathroom and kitchen, the installation of roof insulation, wall insulation, caulking and air sealing. See Green Criteria Checklist and 2015 Enterprise Green Communities Criteria. The Hilltop View rental development Project provides homes to 24 households located less than 1 mile from Downtown Dexter which is relatively close in proximity. With its proximity to Downtown Dexter and the Mill Creek Middle School the Hilltop View rental development project provides commutable access to and access to the Western Washtenaw Area Value Express WAVE interurban express route Community Connector which links Chelsea with Dexter and Ann Arbor which also links to other locations in Washtenaw County.
    [Show full text]
  • ADAPTING BUILDINGS and CITIES for CLIMATE CHANGE a 21St Century Survival Guide Second Edition
    ADAPTING BUILDINGS AND CITIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE A 21st Century Survival Guide Second Edition Sue Roaf David Crichton and Fergus Nicol AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Architectural Architectural Press is an imprint of Elsevier Press More free ebooks : http://fast-file.blogspot.com Architectural Press is an imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA First edition 2005 Second edition 2009 Copyright © 2009 Sue Roaf, David Crichton and Fergus Nicol. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. The rights of Sue Roaf, David Crichton and Fergus Nicol to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangement with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
    [Show full text]