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Statement of Mr Sarkout Mahmoud Kurdish Organizations Network Coalition for the International Criminal Court (KONCICC)
Statement of Mr Sarkout Mahmoud Kurdish Organizations Network Coalition for the International Criminal Court (KONCICC) www.koncicc.org 25th Session of the Conference of the States Parties The Hague, The Netherlands Mr. Chairman, Director-General, Representatives of Government, States Parties, NGOs, Distinguished Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a great privilege to contribute to this conference on behalf of Kurdish Organizations Network Coalition for the International Criminal Court. The Anfal genocide was committed during the Al-Anfal campaign led by Ali Hassan al-Majid, on the orders of President Saddam Hussein, against Iraqi Kurdistan in northern Iraq in the final stages of the Iran–Iraq War. The term, “Anfal,” means "the spoils," and was taken from the title of Sura 8 (al-Anfal) in the Qur'an. As a planned process, it was one of the main strategic methods to exterminate Kurds and eliminate the roots of Kurds. It was to destroy and ruin the demographical Kurdistan and Kurdish culture. The campaigns were characterized by mass summary executions and the mass disappearance of many tens of thousands of noncombatants, the vast majority civilians; the widespread use of chemical weapons; the wholesale destruction of some 2,000 villages, including homes, schools, mosques, churches and wells; the arbitrary arrest and jailing in conditions of extreme deprivation of thousands of women, children and elderly people; the forced displacement of hundreds of thousands of villagers; and the destruction of the environment and the rural Kurdish economy and infrastructure. Only 13 victims survived from Anfal, and 9 out of 13 are alive today. Anfal was committed from February 23 to September 6, 1988 in eight stages and damaged more than 31 Assyrian and Christian villages. -
The Revenge of Geography Study Guide, 2013
Scholars Crossing Faculty Publications and Presentations Helms School of Government 12-2013 Robert D. Kaplan: The Revenge of Geography Study Guide, 2013 Steven Alan Samson Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs Part of the Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Samson, Steven Alan, "Robert D. Kaplan: The Revenge of Geography Study Guide, 2013" (2013). Faculty Publications and Presentations. 422. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs/422 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Helms School of Government at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROBERT D. KAPLAN: THE REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE, 2013 Steven Alan Samson PREFACE: FRONTIERS Outline A. OBJECTIVE: TO GROUND-TRUTH THE GLOBE IN THE 21C (xiii-xxii) 1. Northern Iraq a. Arabistan vs. Kurdistan b. Peshmergas [Kurdish fighters: “Those who face death”] c. Al-Anfal Campaign [Saddam Hussein was tried on charges relating to the 1986- 1989 campaign but was executed for the Dujail Massacre in the Shiite South] d. Effective Secession of Kurdistan 2. Romania a. Mountains are a conservative force 1) James C. Scott b. Nicolae Ceauşescu c. Carpathians d. Border 1) Hungarian Puszta: part of the Eurasian steppe 2) Goulash communism 3. Turkmenistan a. Krasnovodsk: beginning of Turkestan b. Kara Kum Desert c. Turkmenistan’s hopelessness 4. Afghanistan/Palestinian Border a. -
Information Note Mm3.7.2
MM3.7.2 INFORMATION NOTE Date: February 25, 2019 Request to Raise the Flag of Kurdistan on the Courtesy Flag Pole at Toronto City Hall Summary of the Request Councillor Jim Karygiannis received a request from Sartip Kakaee, Chairman of Kurdish House Toronto, to raise the Kurdish flag at City Hall to mark the 31st anniversary of the Halabja chemical attack. Councillor Karygiannis sent the request on to the Strategic Protocol and External Relations office for follow up. Response ● The request does not meet the stated City of Toronto criteria for a flag raising on the courtesy flag pole. ● The flag identified is an official symbol of the sub-national Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and is therefore not a flag of a nation recognized by Global Affairs Canada. ● Council may choose to bring awareness to violent world events through a member announcement or a proclamation. ● The City has other programs and services that enable groups to commemorate and raise awareness for events of importance. Global Affairs Canada perspective The Government of Canada is committed to the unity and diversity of the Republic of Iraq and it supports Iraq’s territorial integrity. This position is well known to the Government's Iraqi interlocutors, including in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Canada has a constructive partnership with the federal government of Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional Government. The Government of Canada favours a peaceful dialogue in good faith, so as to resolve their differences through continued negotiations. The Government of Canada respects that the Kurdistan Regional Government already enjoys certain decision making powers for itself within the Iraqi federal system. -
Master's Thesis
Master’s Thesis Political Theory Student ID: S4621212 Master’s Thesis Political Justice on Trial: War Crimes Tribunals in a Post-Saddam Era Giles Longley-Cook S4621212 15/08/2016 1 Master’s Thesis Political Theory Student ID: S4621212 Page Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction to thesis and historical background 3 1.2 Hannah Arendt and the Eichmann Precedent 12 1.3 Shklar and Legalism 18 1.4 Arendt Vs. Shklar. Clarifying Conceptual Arguments 25 Chapter 2 2.1 After Eichmann, Justice in the age of Balance of Power 34 2.2 The Saddam Trial pt 1: Did it secure Justice? 46 The Saddam Trial pt 2: Did/could it legitimize a Sovereign 2.3 52 Iraq? 2.4 The Saddam Trial pt 3: Asserting a Liberal Order 64 The Saddam Trial pt 4: Summary. A Shklarian or Arendtian 2.5 70 Failure? Chapter 3 3.1 After Iraq: The Future of War Crimes Trials in Politics 76 3.2 Overpowering Justice: Legalism in an age of security 82 The Death of Cosmopolitan Law? Preserving accountability Chapter 4 4.1 89 against moral retreat 4.2 Concluding Remarks 94 Bibliography 99 Chapter 1 2 Master’s Thesis Political Theory Student ID: S4621212 Section 1.1: Introduction to the thesis and historical background This thesis takes as its premise the claim that global security and cooperation is impossible without global justice, and that global justice is itself impossible without certain shared moral norms. On an international level, the attitude towards interstate justice, that is the accepted norm of societies in how they should deal with one another, is reflective of the way they perceive their relationship with other societies and the world order in general. -
ECHOES of GENOCIDE FINDING JUSTICE | from ANFAL to ISIS | SURVIVOR STORIES ECHOES of GENOCIDE CONFERENCE on the 30 Th ANNIVERSARY of the HALABJA GENOCIDE
ECHOES OF GENOCIDE FINDING JUSTICE | FROM ANFAL TO ISIS | SURVIVOR STORIES ECHOES OF GENOCIDE CONFERENCE ON THE 30 th ANNIVERSARY OF THE HALABJA GENOCIDE HOSTED BY THE KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATION IN THE UNITED STATES THE NEWSEUM - WASHINGTON, D.C. MARCH 13, 2018 CONTENTS STATEMENTS ON THE ANNIVERSARY OF HALABJA 2 WHAT IS GENOCIDE 16 TEN STAGES OF GENOCIDE 18 BROTHERHOOD OF THE SHAKEN 20 THE POLITICS OF GENOCIDE 22 PESHMERGA UNDER ATTACK 28 THE LAST ‘FIRMAN’ 32 YEZIDI WOMEN’S EXPERIENCES WITH THE PRESS 36 REMNANTS OF IRAQ’S CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY 40 STORIES OF SURVIVAL 46 FOLLOW THE MONEY 54 PURSUING SADDAM’S CHEMICAL FIXER 58 A LEGAL MAZE 61 SPONSORS 64 Cover photograph courtesy of REZA, rezaphoto.org; Illustration (left) by Lukman Ahmad STATEMENTS ON THE 30th ANNIVERSARY OF THE HALABJA GENOCIDE were aimed at eliminating the Kurdish SOMETHING WE CAN national identity. We can never forget NEVER ESCAPE that, for decades, a systematic attempt NECHIRVAN BARZANI was made to eradicate the Kurdish Prime Minister people from the state of Iraq. It is Kurdistan Regional Government something that we can never escape; it lives on in our memories, our literature, our culture, and our politics. It is a part I warmly welcome you all, especially of all that we think and do. Every day in those who have come from far away our region, families sit at dinner with and abroad to participate in this empty seats at the table, once filled by important conference. You are here loved ones who were slaughtered by the for a valuable and noble purpose. -
Timeline: Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament in the Middle East Compiled by Amanda Tapp
Timeline: Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament in the Middle East Compiled by Amanda Tapp 1949: The Israel Defense Forces find 1960s: Steps to establish a nuclear sources of uranium in the Negev desert. weapons-free zone in the Middle East begin. The Committee for the 1950s: Iran’s nuclear program begins Denuclearization of the Middle East (a with U.S. assistance as part of the “Atoms group of Israeli intellectuals) proposes for Peace” program, which began under the idea first in 1962, publicly stating U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s that the development of nuclear weapons administration. This collaboration “constitute[s] a danger to Israel and to would come to a halt with the toppling peace in the Middle East,” urging the of the Shah of Iran in the 1979 Iranian United Nations to intervene “to prevent Revolution. military nuclear production”. 1953: Iran launches a civilian nuclear May 1961: The U.S. Atomic Energy program initiative with the aim of Commission (AEC) sends inspectors reaching nuclear cooperation agreements to Dimona. The results affirm that with other nuclear-capable states. Dimona only had a research reactor and was not capable of producing weapons- 1955: The United States agrees to sell grade plutonium. This is reaffirmed by a Israel a small nuclear research reactor. second inspection in September 1962. 1957: Israel begins work on the Negev 1963: Israel agrees to buy 100 tons of Nuclear Research Facility, a large reactor uranium ore from Argentina in a secret in the desert near Dimona, which would agreement in response to rising tensions become the foundation for Israel’s between the United States and Israel. -
GWT Coalition-High-Command-And
Welcome Letter Dear Delegates, On behalf of the Secretariat and all of NAMUN, I am pleased to welcome you to the 2017 North American Model United Nations Conference and am honoured to serve as your chair for the Coalition High Command and Provisional Authority (Iraq). I’m looking forward to meeting you all in person in February, and am anticipating a fantastic conference. With the recent spate of terrorist attacks across America and Europe, and the battles raging across Syria and Iraq, international terrorism and counterinsurgency remain very important topics, and will probably for the immediate future. As such I’m anticipating some fascinating debate and strategies as you tackle this issue staring in 2003. I hope that our committee will be exciting and a rewarding experience for all of you, and I hope that your enthusiasm and knowledge of international terrorism help make this an excellent Integrated Crisis Simulation. Warmest Regards, Shanzae Khan Table of Contents Introduction – 3 Historical Background – 4 Issues – 11 State of Affairs – 14 Suggested Sources – 15 Bibliography – 15 Introduction After the 1991 Gulf War, the United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 687 commanded that Iraqi synthetic, organic, atomic, and long range rocket projects be stopped and every such weapon destroyed under UN supervision.1 The UN weapons inspectors inside Iraq verified the dismantlement of many Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and materials, but there significant compliance issues remained and the inspectors were unable to check every site and verify that Iraq had destroyed all its WMD materiel by their withdrawal in 1998.2 Iraqi-American relations remained quite hostile throughout this period, with no-fly zones imposed over the Northern and Southern parts of Iraq. -
Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein Was the President of Iraq
Animal Farm Research Chapter.3 By: Zion and Caeleb The world leader we picked was Saddam Hussein, Saddam Hussein was the president of Iraq. He was born on April 28, 1937, in Al-Awja Iraq. Hussein was raised by his mother, her second husband Ibrahim alHassan and her brother Khairallah Talfah.Hussein's first wife, Sajida, was his first cousin, the daughter of his maternal uncle Khairallah Talfah. Many of Hussein's family members were part of his regime. Brotherinlaw Brig. General Adnan Khairallah was Minister of Defense. Sonsinlaw General Hussein Kamel, husband to Raghad Hussein, led Iraq's nuclear, chemical and biological weapons program and his brother, Colonel Saddam Kamel, husband to Rana Hussein, was in charge of the presidential security forces. Eldest son Uday was head of the Iraqi Olympic Committee and younger son Qusay was head of the Internal Security Forces. And halfbrother Busho Ibrahim was the Deputy Minister of Justice. 1956 Takes part in an unsuccessful coup to overthrow King Faisal II and Prime Minister Nuri asSaid.1957 Hussein formally joins the Baath Socialist Party.July 14, 1958 King Faisal is killed in a coup led by Abdul Karim Kassem.October 1959 Hussein and others attack the motorcade of Abdul Karim Kassem. The assassination attempt fails and most of the attackers are killed. Hussein escapes and flees to Syria. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser hears of Hussein's exploits and arranges for him to travel to Cairo.February 8, 1963 Kassem is overthrown and executed, and the Baath Party takes over. -
Free Download
The Gift of Mind A Compendium WILLIAM JOHN COX The Gift of Mind: A Compendium Copyright © 2020 William John Cox All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without permission in writing from William John Cox, who asserts his moral right to be identified as the author of this work. The cover image depicts the geometric progression of the waveform of our universe inversely set upon a logarithmic spiral. Software engineering modeling by Brian Norberto Gonzalez, and cover graphics by Liam Newman. Mindkind Publications Mindkind.info The Gift of Mind: A Compendium A Message of Mind: Hello, We Speak the Truth The Book of Mindkind: A Philosophy for the New Millennium Mind & Its Languages of Reason Mind: Before & After The Way of Righteousness The Choices of Mind: Extinction or Evolution? DEDICATION This a compendium of five little books I have published over the past 42 years, documenting my search for the meaning and method of mind. These writings are a gift from me to you, from my mind to yours, as we each struggle to survive and to understand the purpose of our lives. This is now your book, and you are free to toss it out with the garbage or burn if for fuel. You may, however, encounter images and ideas that resonates with the thoughts flowing through your mind— as we seek, together, to avoid the grave and immediate threats to our existence, with an alternative image of a joyful future for our children, for whom all of this was written, a way to make it happen. -
Saddam Hussein's Use of Nerve Gas on Civilians at Halabja
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2019 A war of frustration: Saddam Hussein’s use of nerve gas on civilians at Halabja (1988) and the American response Christopher Huber Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Huber, Christopher, "A war of frustration: Saddam Hussein’s use of nerve gas on civilians at Halabja (1988) and the American response" (2019). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 683. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/683 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A War of Frustration: Saddam Hussein’s Use of Nerve Gas on Civilians at Halabja (1988) and the American Response _______________________ An Honors College Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Arts and Letters James Madison University _______________________ by Christopher Brian Huber May 2019 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of History, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors College FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS COLLEGE APPROVAL: Project Advisor: Raymond M. Hyser , PhD Bradley R. Newcomer, PhD., Professor, History Dean, Honors College Reader: Philip D. Dillard, PhD Professor, History Reader: John J. Butt, PhD Professor, History PUBLIC PRESENTATION This work is accepted for presentation, in part or in full, at MadRush on March 16, 2019. -
Shiism and Martyrdom: a Study of Istishhadi Phenomenon in Iran During the Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988
SHIISM AND MARTYRDOM: A STUDY OF ISTISHHADI PHENOMENON IN IRAN DURING THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR, 1980-1988 MEHDI SOLTANZADEH DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2013 UNIVERSITI MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: Mehdi Soltanzadeh (I.C/Passport No: R19245432) Registration/Matric No: AHA060041 Name of Degree: Masters in Education Title of Project Paper/ Research Report/ Dissertation/ Thesis ("this Work"): Shiism and Martyrdom: A Study of Istishhadi Phenomenon in Iran During The Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988 I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author/write of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by the way of fair dealing and for permitted purpose and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of this work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work; (5) I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the University of Malaya ("UM"), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by any means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having been first had and obtained; (6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal action or any other action as may be determined by UM. -
Power Vacuums and the Rise of Extremist Groups
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations Sociology & Criminal Justice Summer 2016 United States Interventions: Power Vacuums and the Rise of Extremist Groups Sarah Nicole Pedigo Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/sociology_criminaljustice_etds Part of the Criminology Commons, International Law Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Pedigo, Sarah N.. "United States Interventions: Power Vacuums and the Rise of Extremist Groups" (2016). Master of Arts (MA), Thesis, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/86pc- ex82 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/sociology_criminaljustice_etds/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology & Criminal Justice at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNITED STATES INTERVENTIONS: POWER VACUUMS AND THE RISE OF EXTREMIST GROUPS by Sarah Nicole Pedigo B.S. May 2014, Old Dominion University M.A. August 2016, Old Dominion University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS APPLIED SOCIOLOGY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2016 Approved by: Dawn Rothe (Director) Randy Gainey (Member) Randy Myers (Member) ABSTRACT UNITED STATES INTERVENTIONS: POWER VACUUMS AND THE RISE OF EXTREMIST GROUPS Sarah Nicole Pedigo Old Dominion University, 2016 Director: Dr. Dawn Rothe The purpose of this study is to examine U.S. foreign policy in Iraq and Syria and the rise of violent extremist groups such as ISIS.