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Q SCIENCE (GENERAL) Q Science (General) For applied science and technology, see Class T Periodicals. By language of publication 1.A1 Polyglot 1.A3-Z English 2 French 3 German 4 Other languages (not A-Z) (9) Yearbooks see Q1+ Collected works (nonserial) see Q111+ Societies Including works about societies, serial publications of societies 10 International America 11 United States 21 Canada 22 Latin America 23 Mexico 25 Central America 29 West Indies 33 South America Europe 41 Great Britain 44 Czechoslovakia 44.2 Hungary 44.4 Austria 46 France 49 Germany 52 Greece 54 Italy 55 Vatican City 56 Belgium 56.2 Luxembourg 57 Netherlands 60 Soviet Union 60.18 Ukraine 60.2 Finland 60.4 Poland Baltic States 60.6 Estonia 60.7 Latvia 60.8 Lithuania 61 Scandinavia (General) 62 Denmark. Iceland 63 Norway 64 Sweden 65 Spain. Portugal 67 Switzerland 69 Romania 69.2 Yugoslavia 69.3 Slovenia 69.4 Bulgaria Turkey see Q80.T8 Asia 72 China 72.5 Taiwan 1 Q SCIENCE (GENERAL) Q Societies Asia -- Continued 73 India 74 Indochina 75 Indonesia 76 Philippines 77 Japan 80.A-Z Other regions or countries, A-Z e.g. 80.C4 Ceylon. Sri Lanka 80.I67 Iran 80.I7 Israel 80.J67 Jordan 80.K6 Korea 80.P3 Pakistan 80.Q38 Qatar 80.R8 Russia in Asia. Siberia 80.S2 Saudi Arabia 80.S5 Singapore 80.S64 Southeast Asia Sri Lanka see Q80.C4 80.S9 Syria 80.T5 Thailand 80.T8 Turkey 82 Arab countries 83 Islamic countries Africa 85 South Africa 85.2 Kenya 85.4 Nigeria 85.6 Zimbabwe 85.8 Namibia. South-West Africa 87 Egypt 89 Senegal 89.2 Mauritius 89.5 Sudan 91.A-Z Other regions or countries, A-Z 91.A47 Algeria 91.A5 Angola 91.B45 Benin 91.B85 Burkina Faso 91.B87 Burundi 91.C17 Cameroon 91.C4 Central Africa 91.C48 Chad 91.C6 Congo (Democratic Republic). Zaire 91.E77 Eswatini 91.E84 Ethiopia 91.G5 Ghana 91.M27 Madagascar 91.M3 Malawi 91.M55 Morocco 91.M6 Mozambique (91.N28) Namibia see Q85.8 91.S9 Sub-Saharan Africa 2 Q SCIENCE (GENERAL) Q Societies Africa Other regions or countries, A-Z -- Continued (91.S95) Swaziland see Q91.E77 91.T8 Tunisia 91.Z33 Zambia 93 Australia 94 New Zealand 99 Pacific islands 101 Congresses Museums. Exhibitions Cf. Q182.4 Science fairs 105.A1 General works 105.A2-Z By region or country, A-Z Subarrange each country by Table Q5 Collected works 111 Series of monographs. Serial collections (nonperiodical) For serial publications of universities or other serial publications not issued by societies see Q1+ For serial publications of societies see Q10+ 113 Collected works of individual authors Scientific voyages and expeditions (General) For expeditions of special fields, see the field, e.g. G145+ Geographical exploration; QH11 Naturalists' expeditions; TL799 Flights to special planets; etc. 115 General works 116 Handbooks for scientific expeditions 121 Encyclopedias 123 Dictionaries 124 Translating services. Translating Cf. T11.5 Technical translating History Including science and state 124.6 Periodicals, societies, congresses, serial publications 124.7 Collected works (nonserial) 124.8 Dictionaries and encyclopedias 124.85 Nomenclature, terminology, notation, abbreviations General works see Q125+ 124.95 Ancient 124.97 Medieval Modern 125 General works 125.2 Renaissance through 1700 125.4 Outlines, syllabi 125.6 Pictorial works and atlases 126 Popular works 126.4 Juvenile works 126.8 Addresses, essays, lectures 126.9 Study and teaching. Research 127.A-Z By region or country, A-Z e. g. 127.G4 Great Britain 127.G7 Greece 127.2 Developing countries 128 Contributions to science. By religious or ethnic groups 3 Q SCIENCE (GENERAL) Q 130 Women in science. Women scientists For biography see Q141+ Cf. HQ1397 Women in science and the arts Biography 141 Collective 143.A-Z Individual, A-Z e.g. 143.G4 Galvani, Luigi 143.H5 Helmholtz, Hermann von 143.P2 Pasteur, Louis 143.S8 Swedenborg, Emanuel 145 Directories Science as a profession. Vocational guidance Cf. Q130 Women in science 147 General works 148 Employment surveys, manpower requirements, statistics, etc. 149.A-Z By region or country, A-Z Brain drain 150 General works 150.2.A-Z By region or country, A-Z Early works through 1800 Including textbooks 151 Ancient 153 Medieval 155 1500-1700 157 1701-1800 General works and treatises 158 1801-1969 158.5 1970- Textbooks Advanced 160 1801-1969 160.2 1970- Elementary 161 1801-1969 161.2 1970- 161.7 Pictorial works and atlases Cf. Q222 Scientific illustration 162 Popular works 163 Juvenile works 164 Recreations, home experiments, etc. Including experiments for children Cf. Q182.3 Science projects 167 Anecdotes, facetiae, satire, etc. 171 Addresses, essays, lectures 172 Special aspects of the subject as a whole 172.5.A-Z Special topics, A-Z 172.5.C45 Chaotic behavior in systems Including pattern formation Cf. QC174.17.C45 Quantum theory 172.5.C74 Creative ability in science 172.5.E77 Errors (172.5.F7) Fraud see Q175.37 172.5.H47 Heresy in science 172.5.I5 International cooperation 4 Q SCIENCE (GENERAL) Q Special topics, A-Z -- Continued 172.5.M87 Music Parapsychology and science see BF1045.S33 Pattern formation see Q172.5.C45 172.5.P65 Popular culture 172.5.P77 Pseudoscience 172.5.P82 Public opinion 172.5.S34 Science indicators 172.5.S47 Serendipity in science 172.5.S95 Symmetry 172.5.S96 Synchronization 172.5.V37 Variational principles Cf. QC174.17.V35 Quantum theory 173 Miscellany and curiosa Philosophy. Methodology Cf. B67 Philosophy in relation to science Cf. BF1275.S3 Spiritualism and science Cf. BJ57 Ethics and science Cf. BL239+ Religion and science Cf. BT590.S4 Christ and science 174 Periodicals, societies, congresses, serial publications 174.6 Collected works (nonserial) 174.7 Dictionaries and encyclopedias 174.8 History 175 General works, treatises, and advanced textbooks 175.2 Juvenile works 175.3 Addresses, essays, lectures 175.32.A-Z Special topics, A-Z 175.32.A24 Abduction (Logic) 175.32.A47 Aesthetics 175.32.C38 Causation 175.32.C65 Complexity (Philosophy) Computer models see Q175.32.S5 175.32.C66 Constructive realism 175.32.D52 Dialectical materialism 175.32.D53 Dialogue 175.32.D96 Dynamics 175.32.E44 Emergence (Philosophy) Epistemology, Virtue see Q175.32.V57 175.32.E85 Evolution 175.32.E97 Explanation 175.32.H95 Hylomorphism 175.32.I34 Idéologues (French philosophers) 175.32.I54 Inference 175.32.I58 Intellectual freedom 175.32.K45 Knowledge, Theory of Laws of nature see Q175.32.P39 Logic see Q175.32.R45 175.32.M38 Mathematical models. Mathematics 175.32.M43 Meaning (Philosophy) 175.32.N38 Naturalism 175.32.N68 Nothing (Philosophy) 175.32.O27 Observation 175.32.O58 Ontology Cf. Q387.4 Ontologies in information theory 175.32.P37 Paradox 5 Q SCIENCE (GENERAL) Q Philosophy. Methodology Special topics, A-Z -- Continued 175.32.P39 Physical laws of science. Laws of nature 175.32.R42 Realism 175.32.R45 Reasoning. Logic 175.32.R47 Reductionism 175.32.S5 Simulation. Computer models Class here works on philosophical and methodological aspects of simulation and computer modeling in science For works on the mathematics of computer simulation see QA76.9.C65 175.32.S78 Structuralism 175.32.S83 Subjectivity 175.32.T56 Time 175.32.T78 Truth 175.32.V35 Values 175.32.V57 Virtue epistemology 175.32.V65 Vitalism Scientific ethics Cf. Q180.55.M67 Moral and ethical aspects of research 175.35 General works, treatises, and textbooks 175.37 Fraud Social aspects Class here works that discuss the impact of science on modern society and the sociology of science. For works on the role of science in the history and development of civilization see CB478 175.4 Periodicals, societies, congresses, serial publications 175.46 History 175.5 General works, treatises, and textbooks 175.52.A-Z By region or country, A-Z 175.54 Developing countries 175.55 Addresses, essays, lectures 176 Periodicity. Cycles 177 Classification of the sciences Cf. BD239.2+ Speculative philosophy 179 Nomenclature, terminology, notation, abbreviations Research 179.9 Periodicals, societies, congresses, serial publications 179.92 Collected works (nonserial) Communication of information 179.94 General works 179.96 Information services 179.97 Computer network resources Including the Internet 179.98 Directories 180.A1 General works, treatises, and advanced textbooks History 180.A3 General works 180.A5-Z By region or country, A-Z 180.2 Juvenile works 180.3 Handbooks, tables, formulas, etc. 180.4 Anecdotes, facetiae, satire, etc. 180.5 Addresses, essays, lectures 180.55.A-Z Special topics, A-Z Prefer classification by country 180.55.A83 Audiovisual aids 180.55.C54 Citizen participation 6 Q SCIENCE (GENERAL) Q Research Special topics, A-Z -- Continued 180.55.C55 Classification 180.55.C6 Cost 180.55.D57 Discoveries Econometric models see Q180.55.E25 180.55.E25 Economic aspects Including econometric models For works on the impact of research on the economy see HC79.R4 180.55.E4 Electronic data processing 180.55.E58 Environmental aspects 180.55.E65 Equipment and supplies 180.55.E9 Evaluation 180.55.F5 Finance 180.55.G6 Government support 180.55.G7 Private grants. Foundations. Endowments 180.55.G77 Group work 180.55.I45 Information technology 180.55.I48 Interdisciplinary research International cooperation see Q172.5.I5 180.55.M3 Management 180.55.M38 Mathematical models 180.55.M4 Methodology 180.55.M67 Moral and ethical aspects 180.55.P7 Proposal writing 180.55.P75 Psychological aspects 180.55.Q36 Quantitative research 180.55.R43 Reduced gravity environments 180.55.S62 Social aspects 180.55.S7 Statistical methods 180.55.V6 Vocational guidance Laboratories 180.56 General works 180.57 Management 180.58 Records.
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  • Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera

    Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera

    EN62CH15-Mitter ARI 5 November 2016 12:1 I Review in Advance first posted online V E W E on November 16, 2016. (Changes may R S still occur before final publication online and in print.) I E N C N A D V A Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera Charles Mitter,1,∗ Donald R. Davis,2 and Michael P. Cummings3 1Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; email: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 3Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017. 62:265–83 Keywords Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2017.62. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org The Annual Review of Entomology is online at Hexapoda, insect, systematics, classification, butterfly, moth, molecular ento.annualreviews.org systematics This article’s doi: Access provided by University of Maryland - College Park on 11/20/16. For personal use only. 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035125 Abstract Copyright c 2017 by Annual Reviews. Until recently, deep-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera, the largest single ra- All rights reserved diation of plant-feeding insects, was very poorly understood. Over the past ∗ Corresponding author two decades, building on a preceding era of morphological cladistic stud- ies, molecular data have yielded robust initial estimates of relationships both within and among the ∼43 superfamilies, with unsolved problems now yield- ing to much larger data sets from high-throughput sequencing. Here we summarize progress on lepidopteran phylogeny since 1975, emphasizing the superfamily level, and discuss some resulting advances in our understanding of lepidopteran evolution.