Introducción

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Introducción INTRODUCCIÓN RESUMEN En base a lo investigado y aprendido en clase, este documento muestra el diseño y funcionamiento de un Rin de Bicicleta, el cual su diseño depende mucho de su uso continuo y la superficie donde se manipula. El Rin de Bicicleta es una de las partes más importantes de la Bicicleta, o tal vez la más importante, ya que sin ella no existiera el deslizamiento sobre el suelo; por lo tanto, su composición y estructura debe de ser rígida y al mismo tiempo liviana para generar menor resistencia al rodamiento y así poder cumplir el objetivo de deslizamiento sobre el suelo. Su estructura, como se explica más adelante, está hecha de aleaciones las cuales con el tiempo fueron cambiando para una mayor resistencia, al igual que muchos de sus componentes que la envuelven. Para esto también es necesario el diseño de la estructura que dará mayor soporte a la bicicleta, el cual cambia con el propósito de uso, ya que las condiciones a las que se enfrenta una bicicleta de uso simple de traslado y una bicicleta de montaña son distintas; una bicicleta de montaña no es igual a una de pista, y una rodada pequeña no requiere el mismo diseño que una rodada mayor. Con esta investigación se pretende dar mayor entendimiento y conocer el uso y diseño de un Rin de Bicicleta, que hasta hoy en día sigue siendo un medio de transporte acostumbrado en todo el mundo, por su sencillez, valor monetario y baja contaminación. 1 ABSTRACT Based on researched and learnt in class, this document shows the design and function of a Bicycle Rim, which its design depends a lot on its usage and the surface it works. The Bicycle Rim it is one of the most important components of the bicycle, or maybe the most important, because without it, the movement on the surface would not exist; therefore, its composition and structure has to be rigid and at the same time light to generate the least rolling resistance and to be able to accomplish the objective of moving on the surface. Its structure, as explained further in the document, it's made of alloys which have been changing as the time goes by to get a greater resistance.The same happened with lots of its components that wrap it up. For this reason, the design of the structure is necessary to give more support to the bicycle which changes with its purpose of usage, because, the conditions which a simple bicycle faces are not the same as the conditions a mountain bicycle faces; a mountain bicycle is not the same as a professional bicycle, and a small rim size does not require the same design as a bigger rim size. The purpose of this research is to understand better and know the use and design of a Bicycle Rim, that, up to this day has been a mean of transport all around the world, for its simplicity, monetary value and low pollution. 2 Capítulo I: Marco de referencia 1.1 Problema El lograr un modelo basado en las vertientes de la geometría, que posea una simetría traslacional y los recursos que ésta provee y que además de eso permita adaptarse a ciertas condiciones que un usuario requiera, es esencial para que un objeto sea catalogado como buen producto y que por ende pueda ser adquirido con mayor demanda. A partir de lo ya antes mencionado, se elaborará un diseño de un rin de bicicleta que incluya las propiedades ya mencionadas, pero que a su vez, los materiales con el que este sea diseñado amplifiquen las propiedades de este a beneficio de satisfacción del usuario; Sabemos previamente que el uso de este producto es lo que mantiene en estado óptimo, pues es la base de cualquier bicicleta, es donde recae el peso ejercido en la misma y que, por condiciones de la dinámica de Newton es la cual sufre el mayor desgaste debido a las fuerzas de fricción, etcétera, que interaccionan con esta. Es por eso por lo que, aplicando lo aprendido en la clase de “Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales”, buscaremos entre diversos materiales y sus aleaciones, aquellos mejores candidatos que satisfagan lo previamente mencionado, pero con un requisito más y el cual es uno de los que poseen mayor impacto, estamos hablando del precio del producto. Entre el equipo de trabajo, se ha llegado a la conclusión que todo lo propuesto para el desarrollo de este modelo, requiere un análisis en el que se explique a detalle, desde las partes más sencillas de su desarrollo como lo es lo antecedentes de lo que han sido este tipo de modelos, hasta lo más complejo, que converge en el punto en el cual se toman las medidas del producto (radio, diámetro, ángulos de inclinación y de espacio entre cada una de las piezas que lo conforman, etcétera), el tipo de material a usar y su justificación basada a la química del material, entre otros apartados que se irán desarrollando a lo largo de esta documentación como lo puede ser el producto final y sus planos. 3 1.2 Objetivos 1.2.1 General Identificar, clasificar y llevar a cabo un prototipo que nos permita una mejor comprensión del uso y funcionamiento de el rin de una bicicleta y como las aleaciones y tipos de materiales involucrados en su realización influyen en su correcto funcionamiento, que presente características diferentes o mejoradas de productos que se pueden encontrar en el mercado 1.2.2 Específicos · Comprender la composición de un material y su impacto en un producto · Analizar las propiedades del producto y sus cualidades (tamaño, ergonomía, etcétera), así como el precio de este para la toma de decisión en cuanto a la compra de este se refiere. · Realizar un prototipo en AutoCAD que muestre la visualización del producto que se piensa a llevar a cabo. · Juntar el conocimiento adquirido en la clase para darle un impacto tanto culturalmente como en la vida diaria. · Comparar el producto final con el del mercado para así poder establecer las posibles ventajas o desventajas que tiene tanto con competidores directos como los más vendidos. 1.3 Antecedentes La rueda es uno de los inventos más famosos y los más útiles desde su utilización desde la edad de piedra hasta en la actualidad como medio de transporte, herramienta de triturado, prensado, giratorio, entre otros. De acuerdo con la RAE, esta se define como “Conjunto de elementos semejantes entre sí por tener uno o varios caracteres comunes.” La evidencia más antigua de la que se ha encontrado evidencia al momento de hacer esta investigación era la que usaban los ceramistas en la antigua Mesopotamia por los años 3500 a.C. Así que nuestra ubicua rueda es un invento relativamente reciente.Las primeras ruedas se usaron en una actividad que durante miles de años había sido central en la expresión creativa humana: la cerámica. 4 Primero hubo tornos, que se movían con la mano o los pies de los alfareros. Unos siglos más tarde, a mediados del III milenio a.C., con los tornos o ruedas de alfareros se empezó a utilizar el principio del volante de inercia, utilizando la energía acumulada en la masa rotante de la pesada rueda de piedra para acelerar el proceso. La evolución de la rueda pronto evolucionó de acuerdo con cómo el desarrollo intelectual a tal grado de que esta se adaptara a un material que fuese más ligero y que conservara la dureza de esta, de ahí es donde surge la idea del rin. Paradójicamente, el siguiente paso en la evolución de la rueda fue el disc one, asemejándose más a los diseños sólidos iniciales. Al igual que con muchas otras cosas en nuestra historia, el cambio se debió a costos más bajos (las ruedas de disco de acero eran más baratas de hacer). El borde podía sacarse de una tira recta de metal, y el disco en sí podría ser estampado de la chapa a través de algunos procesos fáciles. Los dos componentes se soldaban o remachaban, dando como resultado una rueda ligera, rígida, resistente a los daños, fácil de producir en grandes cantidades, y lo que es más importante, con bajos costos de producción. El rin es una pieza metálica central de la rueda de un vehículo, sobre la que va montado el neumático. ​ 1493. Se cree que Leonardo Da Vinci fue el primero en crear un bosquejo de una bicicleta, él o alguno de sus estudiantes. ​ ​ 1790. El primer arquetipo de bicicleta se le conoce como Celerífero, fue inventada por el francés Sivrac. Este primer modelo poseía la forma de un animal (un caballo, león u otro cuadrúpedo) y estaba elaborado en madera, la manera en que funcionaba este instrumento era por medio del impulso que ejercía el usuario con las piernas y los pies. El Celerífero solo marchaba en línea recta ya que estaba compuesto por dos ruedas lineales es decir una al frente de la otra que se unían a través de una viga. Este tipo de bicicleta no permitía girar manualmente, si no que debía hacerse con la inclinación del cuerpo. 5 1799. Los franceses M. Blanchard y M. Masurier construyeron un vehículo cuya descripción apareció en el Journal de París de 1799 con el nombre de vélocipèdes o pies ligeros. Blanchard y Masurier, mecánico y físico respectivamente, se habían servido de las ideas que un siglo antes tuvo Jacques Ozanam, ilustre matemático a quien su médico recomendó construir lo que se llamó en su tiempo la carroza mecánica, un triciclo cuyas ruedas traseras se accionaba mediante un berbiquí que giraba como un molinillo.
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