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JAPAN's COLONIAL EDUCATIONAL POLICY in KOREA by Hung Kyu

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Japan's colonial educational policy in Korea, 1905-1930 Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Bang, Hung Kyu, 1929- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 19:48:17 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565261 JAPAN'S COLONIAL EDUCATIONAL POLICY IN KOREA 1905 - 1930 by Hung Kyu Bang A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 2 (c)COPYRIGHTED BY HONG KYU M I G 19?2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by ___________ Hung Kvu Bang____________________________ entitled Japan's Colonial Educational Policy in Korea________ ____________________________________________________1905 - 1930_________________________________________________________________ be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of ______________ Doctor of Philosophy_____________________ 7! • / /. Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* M. a- L L U 2 - iLF- (/) C/_L±P ^ . This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library, Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder» SIGNED* AGKNOWLEDGMINfS The writer wishes t© acknowledge his deep apprecia­ tion for the assistance of many persons and libraries making the writing of this dissertation possible. Primarily the writer is indebted to Dr* Gail 1, Bernstein* at whose suggestion the study was Undertaken $ for her constructive and invaluable criticism in the completion of this dissertation* The writer also wishes to acknowledge Dr, Earl H. Pritchard„ Chairman of Oriental Studiesg Dr, Herman E« Bateman$ Department of History* and Dr# Clifton E# Wilson* Department of Government» under whose guidance graduate study was pursued at The University of Arizona, A special debt is owed to the writer's mother and sister in Seoul* .Koreag for their unfailing.help in purchas­ ing invaluable documents* reports* diaries $ and secondary materials in both the Korean and the Japanese languages» The writer wishes his deepest appreciation to Mrs, George [email protected] who typed the first draft of his disserta­ tion* The writer also wishes to thank Miss Elizabeth Huff and her staff at the East Asiatic Library of the University of California®. Berkeley# for their assistance* iv . V Appre®iatien is likewise extended to John B. Lin and his staff at the Oriental Library of The University of Arizona» and to Mrs® Pritchard and Miss Hoover of the inter- library loans of The University of Arizona and Ball State University respectively® TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES oe696f>e o6 9 6 @Ae*e'&ab0 viii ABST1A0T % s a a a a e a a a b a « a a » a ti a ® a a a ix CHAPTER Io INTRODUCTION#*#$»*#««*-«****#** 1 II a ORIGIN OF JAPAN8S STRUGGLE FOR DOMINATION OF . KOREA (1876“1905) 6 Sin©-Japanese War ©f 1894-1895* » ® « e » » 10 The Rmsso-Japanese War of 1905# •*».»* 15 Ill® 1T0 8S RULEa THE ROAD TOWARD ANNEXATION? (1905^ 1909) eeeeaaaaeeooeSooe 3? It© 9s Reform Polieya The First Period*. « » 4? It©8© Rmlea The See©nd Period* .«• ■*■* » . « 52 IV* THE IDEOLOGY OF COLONIAL EDUCATION® . » •* * * * 61 ' V» THE PRE-COLONIAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN KOREA * . 81 Baekgrotands Early.Korean Edieational . .. Inst Itht ions.s #####&#*##&.##'* 83 Edmeatien In The First Half Of The .Dynastys. Emergen©e Of 0©nfm©ian SohoolSs. * * » » ® Edm©ation In The Latter Period Of The.Yi Dynasty? Emergence Of Shil-hak and .... Oomtfibatiom,Of Missionary Schools. » . * 99 The' Emergen©-® ©f Shil-hak (Practical.. 1 Learning School). 101. Fomndation of Modern Sohoolss Contrihmtiom of Missionary Schools. 111 VI. THE PROTECTORATE EDUCATIONAL.POLICY (1905-1909) 119 VII* THE RISE OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION FOR . ' , . INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT (IfOS-lflO) «».«»»» 13? ri $AB$B OF OOHTBHTS— Oen-binued VIII. fEHAUGHI°S EDUGAflGNAL POHGY AMD THE KOREAH IMDEPEMDEMGE MOVEMENT OF .1919» . , . * 1?% IX. SAITO *S APPEASEMENT POLICY AND THE KWANG-JIL ... STUDENT UPRISING OP I9S9 ( » 193 X. QOIGLUSION «, fl * * , , * , * . * » , . * ♦ . 211 BIBLIOGRAPHY , . * 218 .LISf ©F f&BLES falile Page 1* Cemparatlfe ©f Ke^ean .ajai..Japanese .... .Sek©©ls 0 6 0 0 a 0 o 6 0 6 ###*%#$*# 136 . a # S ta tis tie s ©n Beereasing' EttiiaPer @f...Pniirate, . .. Seheels in Korea (IflQ-lfil)* »*'»**»»» 18? fiii ABSTMGT The principal object @f Japan-© edneatienal policy mder her rule from 1905 t© 1930 in Korea was t© implant and implement the theory behind Japan’s Edict ©n Imperial Education in the 18f@’s0 Through this edict on education* Japan planned t© assimilate and denationalize Korean chil­ dren in order t© make Korean loyal and obedient subjects of the Japanese state» The assimilation policy became the basic underlying policy premise and* therefore * Japan’s rulers lost no time to rationalize the implementation of the Imperial educational system in Korea during Japan’s rule.* The colonial rulers claimed that they came to Korea to civilize and enlighten the Korean educational system* treating the Koreans who needed assistance as less fortu­ nately developed people* Japan’s colonial .government introduced "a modern educational system" in Korea, but it was the establishment of a strong centralized educational system. It not only prescribed and directed all sectors of the educational activities in the Korean society but also extirpated native language, customs, and history by substituting Japanese studies. Through the promulgation of the "Regulation for Private School" ©f 1911 and 1915» the state controlled edyeatienal authority gradually curbed and finally demol­ ished both Western missionary and Korean private-national sohools* In 1911 there were 2j,225 miscellaneous private schools (including both missionary and Korean) in Korea, but in 192© the numbers of private schools were reduced to 686 b Primary emphasis was placed ©n the expansion of elementary education, and little concern was given to higher education in Korea, fhe colonial rulers believed that higher education for the Korean children was a luxury, not a necessity»■ Speeial weight, was. given..te the: intensive instruction in the Japanese language,. .morals (..shushin) .and wpra©ti©alrt teachings .In. the curriculum structure the practical teaching was# above all# an impressive subject that was badly needed and meaningful for the under-developed Korean society# ®hs purpose of ^practical™ teaching# how­ ever # was geared t® a low level knowledge s© as to meet the requirements for their daily life# %n short# Japan9s colonial educational policy was an instrument ®f the state which did not truly intend to elvlllie and educate the Korean subjects but t# make truly obedient subjects to the wishes of the Japanese empires 0mrad#gl@ally# japan8s assimilation policy# which was .designed, for., the japanimtlen of Korean student s.# awakened Korean mati.@mal.. @.enscl@usness and led te the emergence of the Korean students8 national movement# She great majority ®f yemng Kerean students played an important r©le in the March 1st» If199 Independent Movement* The yeung students gathered in Pag©da Park in'Seeml and led the Independent Movement9 shouting- “Tea-Han Tekrip ManseM (May ■ Korea he free for ten themsand years)* The students$ re­ sentment further culminated-.in the anti-Japanese eolonial movement* The K’wang-.j.u. student, uprising ®f vM©.vember 7 9 IfBfg was another mass demonstration shouting Mans© (Long Life for Korea) and scattered leaflets denoueing the inhuman nature of colonial rule* The Hwang-ju student Mans© move­ ment was a nationwide revolt» and it was a spontaneous action on the part of students attempting t© regain Korean sovereignty# Thus the Korean students6 national movements under Japan9s rule stand out in recent history, ©f Korean education* CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Japan's colonial education policy in Korea was an integral part of Japan's colonial policy. It was a tool to strengthen Japan's imperial expansion, and it aimed at making Koreans obedient to the aim of the Japanese state by extirpating the native language» customs„ and history and substituting Japanese studies. Paradoxically, it was precisely this colonial education policy that aroused the Korean nationalistic sentiment and consciousness against Japan's oolonialization of Korea, The colonial educational system" designed
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  • Anglo-Japanese Alliance

    Anglo-Japanese Alliance

    STICERD International Studies discussion paper IS/02/432 ANGLO-JAPANESE ALLIANCE Ian Nish, Emeritus Professor, STICERD, London School of Economics: 'The First Anglo-Japanese Alliance Treaty' David Steeds, formerly University of Wales, Aberystwyth: 'The Second Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Russo- Japanese War' Ayako Hotta-Lister, author of The Japan-British Exhibition 1910 'The Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1911' The Suntory Centre Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines London School of Economics and Political Science Discussion Paper Houghton Street No. IS/02/432 London WC2A 2AE April 2002 Tel.: 020-7955 6698 Preface A symposium was held on 22 February 2002 to commemorate the centenary of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. The symposium was arranged by the Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines in association with the Japan Society, London. The period of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance covered three treaties of alliance. The first treaty was signed on 30 January 1902 and was intended to last for five years. But the Russo-Japanese War intervened; and the second treaty, a radically different treaty, was signed on 12 August 1905, before the treaty of peace between Japan and Russia was concluded. The alliance was revised again in the light of changing world circumstances. The third treaty was signed on 13 July 1911 and lasted until 17 August 1923 when it was formally replaced. It was the intention of the present symposium to reexamine the first decade of the alliance. The allliance which spanned the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War and covered the first quarter of the twentieth century has been in need of reassessment for some time.