DOCSLIB.ORG

Nitrate, Nutrient Content and Growth Parameters of Komatsuna (Brassica Rapa L.) in Response to Manure Application Depending on EMN (Estimated Mineralizable Nitrogen)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nitrate, Nutrient Content and Growth Parameters of Komatsuna (Brassica Rapa L.) in Response to Manure Application Depending on EMN (Estimated Mineralizable Nitrogen) Journal of Plant Nutrition ISSN: 0190-4167 (Print) 1532-4087 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/lpla20 Nitrate, nutrient content and growth parameters of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L.) in response to manure application depending on EMN (estimated mineralizable nitrogen) Kyi Moe, Seinn Moh Moh, Aung Zaw Htwe & Takeo Yamakawa To cite this article: Kyi Moe, Seinn Moh Moh, Aung Zaw Htwe & Takeo Yamakawa (2019) Nitrate, nutrient content and growth parameters of komatsuna (Brassicarapa L.) in response to manure application depending on EMN (estimated mineralizable nitrogen), Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42:15, 1726-1739, DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2019.1643366 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.1643366 Published online: 23 Jul 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 27 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=lpla20 JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 2019, VOL. 42, NO. 15, 1726–1739 https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.1643366 Nitrate, nutrient content and growth parameters of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L.) in response to manure application depending on EMN (estimated mineralizable nitrogen) Kyi Moea,b, Seinn Moh Moha, Aung Zaw Htwea,b, and Takeo Yamakawac aPlant Nutrition Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; bDepartment of Agronomy, Yezin Agricultural University, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar; cPlant Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY We investigated the effects of poultry manures (PM) and cow manures Received 22 August 2018 (CM) using estimated mineralizable nitrogen (EMN) method on nitrate, Accepted 25 October 2018 nutrient content and growth parameters of komatsuna and compared with KEYWORDS chemical fertilizer (CF) in an abandoned soil. We applied manures as EMN Estimated-mineralizable-N based on their total N content. The 100% of EMN by PM or CM enhanced (EMN); growth-parameters; dry matter (DM) but depressed nitrate content. The PM-Keifun (PMK) with komatsuna; manures; total N (4.87%) produced greater growth parameters, DM, nutrient content nitrates; nutrient-content and lower nitrate content but manures with total N (<2%) could not. The solo CF150 did not promote leaf number but increased nitrate and Na content. In conclusion, a higher total N (>4%) concentration of manure led to increase availability and nutrient contents, DM, and depressed nitrate content of komatsuna, comparable with solo CF in an abandoned soil. 1. Introduction In modern vegetable production, inorganic fertilizer is exclusively used to maximize the produc- tion of foliage. The application of an excessive amount of chemical fertilizer (CF) decreases the performance of plants because of soil acidification, reduction of soil biological activity, decreased soil physical properties, and lack of micronutrients in fertilizer (Ededirant et al. 2004). In most of cases, CF application causes environmental pollution and ecological problems, which increased production costs (Barth, De Tullio, and Conklin 1998). The source of nutrients and rate of fertilizer used can affect nutrient composition and quality of crops, especially leafy vegetables (Riahi et al. 2009). In green vegetables, fertilizer application not only influences the vegetative growth of the crop but also changes quality aspects such as nitrates, vitamin and antioxidant activities (Seung and Adel 2000). Nitrogen in plant cells can be in the form of nitrate or ammonium. Using CF, nitrate could be postulated to produce detrimental effect to human health (Winchester, Huskins, and Ying 2009). However, without CF, it is not possible to fulfill consumer demand for increased growth or yield of vegetables. Wise use of CF is necessary, especially for vegetable production with minimal negative effects. Organic manures are alternative sources for chemical fertilizer substitution. Organic manures contain higher nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and trace element contents. In addition, crops grown with organic manures resulted in a higher total CONTACT Kyi Moe [email protected] Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. ß 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION 1727 Table 1. Mineralization efficiency of manures. Mineralization (%) of nutrients from applied manures Total N content (DW) NP2O5 K2O <2% 20 100 65 2–4 % 30 100 65 4% 50 100 65 Data source: Nishio (2007); DW ¼ Dry Weight basis. antioxidant capacity in cabbage (Bimova and Pokluda 2009) and vegetables (Ramesh, Shivana, Santa, and Ram 2011); more vitamin C, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus in fruits, vegetables, and grains; and a significantly lower nitrate content than crops grown with CF (Worthington 2001). On the other hand, an excessive amount of organic manure should not be applied to crops (Liang et al. 2003) because it risks the toxic effects of reduced metabolic intermediates. Miah (1994) reported that only using organic sources could not provide the nutritional requirements of crops due to the slow release of plant nutrients from organic matter. When used appropriately, manure has nutritive and economic values (Khaliq, Abbasi, and Hussain 2006). Manures contain a large amount of nitrogenous compounds, which are easily mineralized to ammonia or nitrate (Jose and Michael 2012). Then, applications of manures stimulate macro- and micro-nutrient uptake, such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu in crops (Adesemoye, Torbert, and Kloepper 2010). Thus, one potential way to decrease the negative environmental impacts and nutrient losses resulting from extreme use of CF is application of manures and a supplemental CF, to enhance macro-and micro-nutrient contents and the productivity of komatsuna. Commonly, many researchers apply manures on a weight basis and never consider the total nutri- ent (NPK) content or the mineralizable nutrients in them. Consequently, the nutrient demand of crops is not fully met by the applied manures. Because the manure has to undergo mineralization – process following utilized by the plant. A plant can get only mineralizable N (i.e., NH4 Nand – NO3 N converted from organic N by different soil microbes). Nutrient mineralization from applied manure depends on soil temperature, soil moisture, soil properties, manure characteristics, and micro- bial activity (Eghball et al. 2002). Since these environmental factors are difficult to predict for crop cultivation, an estimate of the rate of mineralization is useful for crop cultivation (Pettygrove, Heinrich, and Crohn 2009). Nishio (2007) reported that the amount of mineralizable nutrients in manure depends on its total N content (Table 1). In this experiment, we calculated the amount of three poultry manures (PM) and three cow manures (CM) (Table 2) based on the estimated minera- lizable N (EMN) dependent on their total N according to Nishio (2007). Importantly, few researchers have considered the application of manures by EMN method with a supplemental CF. Thus, we hypothesized that the EMN from manures could supply enough N to komatsuna without adverse effects. Application of PM or CM in different quantities by EMN and two levels of the supplemental CF was intended to provide a greater advantage than that of CF alone in terms of growth parameters and DM of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. wakana komatsuna) in an abandoned soil. This study also aims to evaluate the contents of nitrates, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na in komatsuna for the safety of consumer in response to different PM or CM application by EMN and compare with solo CF. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Experimental site A pot experiment was conducted in a glasshouse at Kyushu University, Japan (33370N, 130250E, 3 m above the sea level) from April to May (spring season) in 2017 (day length 13:28–14:10 h; temperature range 15–20 C min, 22–35 C max). 1728 K. MOE ET AL. Table 2. Weight of manure, total NPK and EMN applied from manures and a supplemental chemical fertilizer. Total NPK applied from manure and CF (g pot–1) Mineralizable N (g pot–1) Manure applied –1 No. Treatments (g pot )DW NP2O5 K2O Manures (EMN) CF 1 NPK0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.00 2CF50 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.0 0.25 3CF100 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.0 0.50 4CF150 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.0 0.75 5CF100PMH50 22.28 1.33 0.99 0.87 0.25 0.50 6CF100PMK50 10.27 1.00 0.73 0.61 0.25 0.50 7CF100PME50 38.58 1.33 2.39 1.28 0.25 0.50 8CF100CMG50 34.87 1.33 0.83 0.76 0.25 0.50 9CF100CMN50 40.65 1.33 0.85 0.80 0.25 0.50 10 CF100CMH50 39.87 1.33 0.91 0.76 0.25 0.50 11 CF50 PMH100 44.56 1.92 1.22 0.99 0.50 0.25 12 CF50 PMK100 20.53 1.25 0.72 0.47 0.50 0.25 13 CF50 PME100 77.16 1.92 4.04 1.82 0.50 0.25 14 CF50 CMG100 69.74 1.92 0.92 0.78 0.50 0.25 15 CF50 CMN100 81.30 1.92 0.96 0.86 0.50 0.25 16 CF50 CMH100 79.74 1.92 1.07 0.76 0.50 0.25 Subscript numbers of treatments show the amount of N or EMN applied as a percentage based on 0.5 g N potÀ1.DW¼ Dry weight basis, CF ¼ Chemical fertilizer, EMN ¼ Estimated mineralizable N. 2.2. Experimental design and treatments In a randomized complete block design (RCB) with three replications, three types of PM; Hakkou keifun (PMH), Keifun (PMK), and Ekono hakkou keifun (PME) and three types of CM; Gyufun (CMG), Neobi-ru (CMN), and Hakkou gyufun taihi (CMH) were integrated with either 100% or 50% CF.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nutritional Guidance in Sakado Folate Project
    Chapter 4 Nutritional Guidance in Sakado Folate Project Notification of thethe C677T GenotypeGenotype of of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase IncreasedIncreased both both Serum Serum Folate Folate and and the the Intake Intake of ofGreen Green Veg‐ etablesVegetables MayumiMayumi Yurimoto, Yurimoto, Mami Hiraoka,Mami Hiraoka, MitsuyoMitsuyo Kageyama, Kageyama, Yoshiko Kontai,Yoshiko Kontai, ChiharuChiharu Nishijima, Nishijima, KaoriKaori Sakamoto Sakamoto and YasuoYasuo Kagawa Kagawa Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74396 Abstract Background: Serum folate levels are lower in TT homozygotes of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs1801133) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) than in CC homozygotes and CT heterozygotes. Objective: To improve folate status, the genotype was notified to each subject to motivate them to eat more green-yellow vegetables. Design: Genotype, dietary folate intake, and blood biochemistry were determined and statistically analyzed for 404 subjects (109 males, mean 58.9 years; 295 females, mean 61.8 years). Their serum folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations were mea- sured before and after receiving nutritional guidance and genotype notification. Results: The frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT MTHFR genotypes were 35.4, 49.7, and 14.8%, respectively. TT homozygote participants significantly increased their intake of green-yellow vegetables (p < 0.01) and of food-derived folate (p < 0.05) following nutritional guidance. The increase in serum folate (p < 0.001) and the decrease in tHcy (p < 0.001) in TT homozygotes following nutritional guidance were more than twice that of the CC homozygote and CT heterozygote participants. An increase in broccoli, spinach and Komatsuna intake was observed following nutritional guidance, irrespective of the season.
    [Show full text]
  • Materials for Beating Flea Beetles in Brassicas
    Materials for Beating Flea Beetles in Brassicas Ruth Hazzard, Extension Vegetable Program, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Science, Agricultural Engineering Building, Amherst MA 01003-9295, 413-545-3696 [email protected] Early spring plantings of Brassica crops are often hit hard by flea beetles. Crucifer and striped flea beetles feed on Brassica crops as well as weeds that are in the same family, such as yellow rocket or wild mustard. The crucifer flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae) is uniformly black and shiny, about 2 mm in length, while the striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata) has two yellow stripes on its back. Other species of flea beetles attack other crop families: solanaceous crops such as eggplant, potato, and tomato, or sweet corn. These beetles may look very similar to those found on Brassicas, but if they are feeding on a different crop group, they are almost certainly a different species of flea beetle. While this article will discuss biorational insecticides that will suppress flea beetle, it is important for growers to be familiar with the life cycle of flea beetles and to combine insecticides with many cultural practices to reduce damage and keep populations from building up to unmanageable levels. Feeding damage and crop preference. Flea beetle adults feed on leaves and stems, resulting in numerous ‘shot-holes’. Heavy feeding can kill plants, especially seedlings, and moderate damage can reduce plant size, delay maturity, reduce yield, or render crops unmarketable. Flea beetle larvae feed on roots. The impact of their feeding damage on crop yield is not well understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Genetic Variation in Essential Mineral Nutrients and Nutritional Value Among Brassica Vegetables
    Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 10, No. 7; 2018 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Environmental and Genetic Variation in Essential Mineral Nutrients and Nutritional Value Among Brassica Vegetables Moo Jung Kim1, Tyler J. Simpson1, Yu-Chun Chiu1, Talon M. Becker2, John A. Juvik3 & Kang-Mo Ku1 1 Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA 2 Extension-Commercial Agriculture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Benton, IL, USA 3 Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA Correspondence: Kang-Mo Ku, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Tel: 1-304-293-2549. E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 20, 2018 Accepted: April 28, 2018 Online Published: June 15, 2018 doi:10.5539/jas.v10n7p1 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n7p1 Abstract Dietary minerals play an important role in human nutrition and proper metabolism. We grew various Brassica crops under field conditions in 2012 and 2013 and analyzed 8 essential minerals from edible tissues of those crops. Among the investigated crops, pak choi (Brassica rapa), mustard greens (B. juncea; B. nigra), and komatsuna (B. rapa) were generally high in most minerals, according to dry weight-based concentrations. The percentage recommended daily intake (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) values, calculated using fresh weight-based concentrations, suggest that Brassica vegetables are a good source of iron, calcium, and manganese, providing > 20% of %RDA/AI depending on crop. Kale (B. oleracea; B. napus) was generally higher in %RDA/AI, in particular for calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn).
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Minerals in Young and Mature Leaves of Different Leaf Vegetable Crops Cultivated in a Field
    Open Journal of Plant Science Toshihiro Watanabe1*, Eriko Maejima1, Research Article Masaru Urayama1, Masako Owadano1, Aiko Yamauchi1, Ryosuke Okada1, Takuro Shinano2 and Mitsuru Osaki1 Distribution of Minerals in Young 1Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kitaku, Sapporo, and Mature Leaves of Different Leaf 0608589, Japan 2Agricultural Radiation Research Center, NARO Vegetable Crops Cultivated in a Field Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, 50 Aza Harajyukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, 9602156, Japan Abstract Dates: Received: 02 May, 2016; Accepted: 17 May, At least 17 elements are known to be essential for plants; however, plants also absorb and 2016;Published: 18 May, 2016 accumulate various nonessential elements. Plants re-translocate different elements, including essential and nonessential elements, with differing efficiencies from mature to young developing organs via *Corresponding author: Dr. Toshihiro the phloem transport, resulting in different distributions of minerals in these organs. Therefore, in this Watanabe, Research Faculty of Agriculture, study, we analyzed the concentrations of 23 elements in young and mature leaves of different leaf Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kitaku, vegetable crops to comprehensively understand the mineral dynamics in plants. The allocation profiles Sapporo, 0608589, Japan, Tel: +81-11- of minerals in leaves of varying ages differed among species. For example, a higher molybdenum 706-2498; Fax: +81-11-706-2498; E-mail: allocation profile was observed in young crown daisy Glebionis( coronaria) leaves, which might be related to the efficient nitrate assimilation in young leaves of this species. Thus, this study provides a www.peertechz.com new insight into the mineral uptake and transport mechanisms in plants.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Grow Salad Greens in Wisconsin
    How to grow salad greens in Wisconsin by Robin Mittenthal, January 2010 Important notes about this guide and about greens: 1) This guide is a small section of a book-length manual for beginning gardeners called From the Ground Up . The manual includes more information about how to grow the crops discussed here, as well as general explanations of fertilizer, compost, weed management, and other related topics. It is available for free online at the following ad- dress: http://www.eagleheightsgardens.org/tips/garden_manual_v_1.1.pdf 2) Most greens (especially lettuce, endive, radicchio, and spinach) do not do well in the hot, dry weather we tend to have in Wisconsin in July and August. You may choose not to grow greens at this time, or you can try covering your greens with material known as “floating row cover” (available at most local garden stores), which can help your greens stay moist and may improve your success growing greens during hot weather. However, be prepared for your greens to “bolt” (get tall, get bitter, and go to seed) quickly when temperatures rise. 3) Many greens (especially spinach, tat soi, arugula, and bok choi) do well even in very cold weather. These greens can be planted in Wisconsin as early as late March. You can also plant them in late August or early September and they will grow and be edible through at least the first light frosts of the year. Floating row cover (mentioned above) is also helpful at these times because it holds in heat and helps the greens grow faster.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Vegetables & Herbs Easy to Grow in Southern California
    Florence Nishida lagreengrounds.org March 2020 Asian Vegetables & Herbs Easy to Grow in Southern California Name Planting Need Pot Comments time support ok Legumes Snow Peas (Pisum sativum, var. macrocarpon Cool y/n y Bush and pole varieties ​ ​ ​ Spr/Fall Pea shoots – various Spr/Fall y y Pick young, not tendrils Soya Bean (Glycine max) Spr n n Pull up plant for dried ​ ​ Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. Sesquipedalis) Warm y y Long harvest, keep picked ​ ​ ​ ​ spr Lab Lab Beans (Lab Lab purpureus, Dolichos lab lab), Warm y/n n Can be a perennial if no ​ ​ Hyacinth Bean spr, frost. Contains cyanogenic summer glycosides, eat young or boil mature beans. Winged Bean/Pea (Tetragonolobus purpureus) Cool n y Fast maturing, pretty ​ ​ Brassicas, Headed Chinese cabbage, Napa cabbage (Brassica rapa var. Late n n Fresh – mild sweet flavor, ​ ​ pekinensis) summer, sev. cultivars ​ fall Pak choi/ Bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis), Spring n y Fast-grower, good for ​ ​ ​ ​ celery cabbage inter-cropping, harvest whole or lvs Rosette pak choi (Brassica chinensis var. narinosa), Mid n y Neat, compact, harvest ​ ​ ​ ​ ‘Tatsoi’, ‘Taisai’ summer, leaves or whole fall Flowering Stalk Brassicas Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) Late spr- n n Young flowering stems and ​ ​ ​ ​ ‘Gai lan’ fall buds Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. komatsuna) Mustard Late n n Flavor bet. cabbage and ​ ​ ​ ​ spinach spr-fall mustard; eat whole or leaves Mustard Greens Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. japonica), green, red Fall- n y Mild flavored, pretty, pick ​ ​ ​ ​ varieties spring leaves Japanese Giant Red Mustard (Brassica juncea), Osaka Fall-Sprin n y/n Gorgeous, very spicy-hot ​ ​ Purple Mustard (B.
    [Show full text]
  • Komatsuna (Brassica Campestris) and Radish (Raphanus Sativus)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Phyton, Annales Rei Botanicae, Horn Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 45_4 Autor(en)/Author(s): Yonekura T., Shimada T., Miwa M., Aruzate A., Ogawa K., Kihira A., Izuta T. Artikel/Article: Impacts of O3 and CO2 Enrichment on Growth of Komatsuna (Brassica campestris) and Radish (Raphanus sativus). 229-235 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Phyton (Austria) Special issue: Vol. 45 Fasc. 4 (229)-(235) 1.10.2005 "APGC 2004" Impacts of O3 and CO2 Enrichment on Growth of Komatsuna {Brassica campestris) and Radish (Raphanm sativus) By T. YONEKURA1>2), A. KIHIRA2), T. SHIMADA0, M. MIWA0, A. ARUZATE1} T. IZUTA2) & K. OGAWA0 Key words: O3, CO2, komatsuna, radish, growth, prediction map. Summary YONEKURA T., KlHIRA A., SHIMADA S., MlWA M., ARUZATE A., IZUTA T. & OGAWA K. 2005. Impacts of O3 and CO2 enrichment on growth of komatsuna {Brassica campestris) and radish {Raphanm sativus). - Phyton (Horn, Austria) 45 (4): (229)-(235). In the present study, we investigated the effects of O3 and CO2 on the growth of crop plants komatsuna (Brassica campestris. cv. Rakuten) and radish (Raphamis sativus. cv. Akamaru), and to suggest prediction maps of growth-loss affected by O3 under CO2 enrichment in the Kanto district of Japan. Komatsuna and radish plants in controlled climate chambers were exposed to O3 and CO2 from two days after emergence for 30 days. The following reciprocal combinations were 1 tested: four levels of O3 concentrations at <5, 60, 90 or 120 nl I" , and two levels of CO2 concentra- tions at 380 or 760 (il I"1.
    [Show full text]
  • Brassica Rapa Cultivar Rcbr Showing Growth Stages at Various Times from Seeding Until 28 Days
    Chapter 1 Rapid-Cycling Brassicas (RCB's) in Hands-on Teaching of Plant Biology Paul H. Williams Department of Plant Pathology Russell Laboratories University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706 Paul H. Williams received his B.S.A. degree in Plant Science from the University of British Columbia in 1959, and his Ph.D. in Plant Pathology/Botany from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1962. He is currently Professor of Plant Pathology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Williams is the Principal Investigator of the NSF funded Wisconsin Fast Plants Instructional materials Development Program. His research interests include the development of multiple resistance (MDR) screening technology, genetics of and breeding for MDR in Brassica and Raphanus, and the development and distribution of rapid-cycling stocks of crucifers, including Brassica, Raphanus, and Arabidopsis through the Crucifer Genetics Cooperative. 1 Educational Uses of the Rapid-cycling Brassicas INTRODUCTION The development of rapid-cycling brassicas (RCB's) as model organisms for research and education is profoundly influencing the quality of science education at all levels by bringing dynamic living materials into the classroom. Most biology courses lack convenient living materials; many use animals predominantly. General and advanced courses in biology, botany, science education and applied plant sciences usually lack suitable living plant material that would permit students to explore plant growth and development, physiology, reproduction, genetics, evolution and ecology. These speedy relatives of mustard are particularly amenable to classroom settings because they show remarkably rapid development (Figure 1), they flower in 13 to 18 days, they are small, and they can reproduce at high densities (up to 2500 plants per square meter) under fluorescent lighting in a classroom.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of 21 Brassica Microgreens Growth and Nutritional Profile Grown Under Diffrenet
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/705806; this version posted July 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Evaluation of 21 Brassica microgreens growth and nutritional profile grown under diffrenet 2 red, blue and green LEDs combination 3 Khaled Y. Kamal1,2*, Ahmed A. El-Tantawy3, Diaa Abdel Moneim4, Asmaa Abdel Salam1, Naglaa 4 Qabil1, Salwa, M. A. I. Ash-shormillesy1, Ahmed Attia1, Mohamed A. S. Ali5, Raúl Herranz6, 5 Mohamed A. El-Esawi7,8, Amr A. Nassrallah9 6 7 1Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharqia, 44511, 8 Egypt 9 2Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and 10 Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. 11 3Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, 12 Egypt 13 4Department of Plant production (Genetic branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural 14 Sciences, Arish University, Egypt 15 5Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Sharqia, 44511, Egypt 16 6Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain 17 7Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt 18 8Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 19 9Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 20 21 *Corresponding author: 22 23 Dr. Khaled Youssef Kamal 24 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6909-8056 25 Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University 26 Al Wehda Al Zraaia St, AZ Zagazig, 44519, Egypt 27 Tel: +20 55 2245274 Fax: +20 55 2221688 28 Email: [email protected] 29 30 31 32 33 34 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/705806; this version posted July 17, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • AEGRO Brassica Case Study
    AARHUS UNIVERSITY The AEGRO Brassica case study at the EU level Kell Kristiansen and Gitte K. Bjørn, Department of Horticulture, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK 5792 Aarslev, Denmark [email protected] pRÆSENTATION AARHUS UNIVERSITY Content Crop Brassica s The Brassica gene pool Wide hybridization Brassiceae phylogeny Target species Genetic reserves AARHUS UNIVERSITY Basic literature for the case study FitzJohn et al. 2007. Hybridisation within Brassica and allied genera: evaluation of potential for transgene escape. Euphytica 158: 209-230. Snogerup et al. 1990. Brassica sect. Brassica (Brassicaceae). I. Taxonomy and variation. Willdenowia 19: 271-365. Warwick & Sauder. 2005. Phylogeny of tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae) based on chloroplast restriction site polymorphisms and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trn L intron sequences. Can. J. Bot. 83: 467-483. Warwick et al. 2009. Guide to Wild Germplasm. Brassica and allied crops (tribe Brassiceae, Brassicaceae) 3rd Ed. http://www.brassica.info/info/publications/guide-wild-germplasm.php AARHUS UNIVERSITY Crop Brassicas B. juncea Indian Mustard, Brown and leaf mustards, Sarepta Mustard B. napus Rapeseed, Canola, Rutabaga, Swede Turnip, Nabicol B. oleracea Kale, Cabbage, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Kai-lan, Brussels sprouts B. rapa Chinese cabbage, Turnip, Rapini, Komatsuna B. nigra Black Mustard B. carinata Abyssinian Mustard or Abyssinian Cabbage CWRIS: Euro+Med 14 Brassicas cultivated or wild collected ( cretica, hilarionis, incana, insularis, macrocarpa, montana, rupestris, tournefortii, villosa ) In E Asia Brassica s widely used as vegetables The triangle of U AARHUS UNIVERSITY Brassica rapa/campestris From www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu AARHUS UNIVERSITY Worldwide production of Cabbage and other Brassica 70 × 10 6 Mt Cauliflower and Broccoli 18 × 10 6 Mt Mustard seeds 0.5 × 10 6 Mt Rape seed 58 × 10 6 Mt FAO 2008 AARHUSInterspecific hybrids Intergeneric hybrids UNIVERSITY B.
    [Show full text]
  • Phyllotreta Cruciferae Striped Flea Beetle
    Flea Beetle Management in Brassica Greens Ruth Hazzard, Caryn Andersen, Roy Van Driesche, Francis Mangan University of Massachusetts Crucifer Flea Beetle • Predominant flea beetle species in this area • Solid black in color, with metallic sheen • Feeds only on brassicas • Introduced to America in the 1900’s • Scientific name: Phyllotreta cruciferae Striped Flea Beetle • Much less numerous in New England • Black with one yellow stripe down each wing cover • Emerges slightly earlier • Feeds only on brassicas • Scientific name: Photo courtesy of Manitoba Agriculture and Food Phyllotreta striolata Host Crops for Crucifer and Striped Flea Beetle Brassica oleracea Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Kale, Collards, White- flowering Chinese Broccoli, Gai Lan Brassica rapa Chinese cabbage, Turnip, Hon Tsai Tai, Yellow-flowering Chinese Broccoli, Broccoli Raab, Komatsuna, Pac Choi, Tat Soi Brassica juncea Mustard Greens, Bok Choy Brassica nigra Black Mustard Brassica napus Red Russian Kale, Rutabaga, Oilseed rape, Canola Brassica campestris Canola, Turnip Raphanus sativus Radish, Daikon Eruca vesicaria Arugula Host Crops for Crucifer and Striped Flea Beetle Brassica oleracea Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Kale, Collards, White-flowering Chinese Broccoli, Gai Lan Brassica rapa Chinese cabbage, Turnip, Hon Tsai Tai, Yellow-flowering Chinese Broccoli, Broccoli Raab, Komatsuna, Pac Choi, Tat Soi Brassica juncea Mustard Greens, Bok Choy Brassica nigra Black Mustard Brassica napus Red Russian Kale, Rutabaga, Oilseed rape,
    [Show full text]
  • World Vegetable 2015 Final Report
    Project Title: Identification of Crops and Cultivars of World Vegetables Project Number: FI 2013-0017 Final Report Applicant: Horticulture Nova Scotia, Blair House, Kentville Agricultural Center, Kentville, B4N 1J5 Project Leader: Kim Best, Prospect Agri-Services Project Cooperator: Dr. Raj Lada, Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture Date of Submission: March 1, 2016 Identification of Crops and Cultivars of World Vegetables FI 2013-0017 Kim Best, Project Leader ABSTRACT A number of non-traditional crops were evaluated in successive plantings in 2 locations in NS, on mineral and peat based soils. Most notable after two seasons were ‘Black Magic’, ‘Red Russian’ and ‘Premier’ kale, ‘Hakurei’ and ‘Scarlet Queen’ turnip, watermelon radish, ‘Chioggia’, ‘Touchstone Gold’ and ‘Tanus’ beet, ‘Punto’ dandelion and ‘Summerfest’ komatsuna mustard green. Production was slightly earlier and yield higher in 2014 in general on peat based soil, due to higher soil moisture and temperature. In 2015 the mineral based soil crops were more comparable in yield. The availability of irrigation was likely a factor. Project Objective: To evaluate crop cultivars of vegetables considered world vegetables (not traditionally grown in Canada) on peat based and mineral soil. Materials and methods: Crops within this trial were established in 5 successive plantings in each of two locations on peat and mineral soil. Crops included curly and black kale, specialty salad turnips, colored beets, a selection of specialty brassicas including rapini, broccolini and sprouting broccoli and several others such as watermelon radish, fresh soy bean and scorzonera. Data collected included yield and quality parameters as per Canada grade standards (where available), farmer and researcher expertise and market requirements.
    [Show full text]