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Cotinga 29 New records of from the northern Cordillera Central of in a historical perspective Todd Mark, Louise Augustine, Javier Barrio, Jeremy Flanagan and Willem-Pier Vellinga Received 21 January 2005; final revision accepted 1 March 2007 29 (2008): 108–125

Se presentan los resultados de inventarios de aves realizados cerca a Leimebamba, Dept. Amazonas, en el norte de la Cordillera Central del Perú. El trabajo de campo reveló ampliaciones en los rangos de distribución para varias especies, siendo más importante el hallazgo de una nueva localidad para el Tucancillo Cejiamarillo Aulacorhynchus huallagae. Se presenta también una vocalización no descrita hasta la fecha para el Tororoi Piquipálido carrikeri. Finalmente, se discuten los aparentes vacíos en el conocimiento sobre la distribución de aves dentro de esta región, considerada bien explorada del Perú, en un contexto histórico y se mencionan las posibili- dades para futuras investigaciones.

Despite 150 years of ornithological exploration the of the northern Cordillera Central lies at its northern Cordillera Central of Peru still holds extreme southern end in dpto. Huánuco, the potential for discovery. New trails and roads in once Cordillera Carpish, which juts east pushing the inaccessible terrain provide fresh opportunity to flow of the río Huallaga into a 90º-arc known as the contribute to our knowledge of avian distribution in ‘Huallaga Bend’. Due to the biogeographical this fascinating area. We discuss the results of similarities between the northern Cordillera avian inventories undertaken near Leimebamba, Central, the Cordillera Pishcohuañuna, the dpto. Amazonas, and place these into a historical Cordillera de Colán and the Cordillera Carpish, the perspective. The paper is organised thus: the entire region can be treated as a single entity. biogeography of the northern Cordillera Central is Geographers also recognise a ‘southern’ Cordillera discussed first, then the achievements of earlier Central, which extends from south of the ‘Huallaga explorers of the region. Thereafter, the results of Bend’ through dptos. Pasco and Junin and which is our investigations of the Leimebamba area in 2000, not discussed here. 2002 and 2003 are presented, followed by a discussion and conclusions. Endemism and biogeography The northern Cordillera Central as defined above Geography of the northern Cordillera harbours numerous endemic taxa. Nevertheless, in Central of Peru terms of the Endemic Area (EBA) concept39 it The Cordillera Central of the Peruvian is is a ‘composite’ of several EBAs: EBA044 situated between the drainages of the upper río –Peru East Andes, EBA046 Southern Marañón and the río Huallaga. It extends c.600 km Central Andes, EBA047 Andean ridge-top , from the Nudo de Pasco, dpto. Pasco (10º30’S EBA048 Marañón Valley and EBA049 North-east 76º30’W), a broad north of Lake Junín, to Peruvian cordilleras. the Pongo de Rentema, dpto. Amazonas (05º29’S Salient ecological barriers in the area include 78º31’W). Peaks in the northern Cordillera Central the North Peruvian Low created by the dry upper are comparatively low from a Peruvian perspective Marañón Valley, whose effect on avian distribution (rarely reaching 4,000 m), but the main crest lies has been described earlier17,28. The ‘Huallaga Bend’ continuously above 3,000 m. The northernmost creates similar xeric conditions at the southern end significant pass, Abra Barro Negro (06º44’S of the Cordillera Central. To the east, remnants of 77º54’W), at the divide between the Utcubamba and an ancient grassland ring that once surrounded the Marañón watersheds, reaches 3,675 m, north of cover the lowest elevations of the which only a restricted area of high-elevation Mayo and Huallaga valleys just before their terrain (<550 km2 above 3,000 m) continues. confluence near the Pongo de Aguirre (06º37’S Further north-east, a low divide (<2,200 m) 76º11’W). Finally, to the west the rainshadow of the between the río Sonche (part of the main crest of the cordillera parallels the north- Utcubamba/Marañón drainage) and the río flowing río Marañón and creates xeric conditions at Huambo (part of the Huallabamba/Huallaga all elevations. drainage) isolates the Cordillera Pishcohuañuna to Seven of the ten avifaunal life zones defined for the north-east. Another low divide (<2,200 m) Peru27 occur in the northern Cordillera Central. The between the Utcubamba and Chiriaco watersheds Arid Tropical Zone (400–1,500 m) defines the north- separates the Cordillera de Colán (see Fig. 1). western edge of the cordillera, from the Pongo de Perhaps the ornithologically best-known segment Rentema (c.400 m) to the town of Chagual, dpto. La

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Libertad (07º50’S 77º38’W; 1,200 m), as well as Thick-billed Siskin Carduelis crassirostris, appear lower parts of the Utcubamba Valley upstream to to be absent from the Cordillera Central, Pedro Ruiz, dpto. Amazonas (05º56’S 77º09’W; suggesting that the river and/or perhaps xeric 1,400 m). Birds characteristic of this zone include conditions near its headwaters function(s) as many Tumbesian (often endemic species- isolating factor(s). Nevertheless, many other pairs and/or endemic ) such as Pacific species do reach the right bank, e.g. Rusty-crowned Parrotlet Forpus coelestis, Peruvian Screech Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura pileata, Baron’s Megascops r. roboratus, Scrub Spinetail baroni, Many-striped Caprimulgus anthonyi, Scarlet-backed Canastero Asthenes flammulata, Black-crested Tit- Veniliornis callonotus major, Necklaced Spinetail Tyrant Anairetes nigrocristatus, Yellow-billed Synallaxis stictothorax chinchipensis, Collared Tit-Tyrant A. flavirostris, White-browed Chat- Antshrike Sakesphorus bernardi shumbae, Short- Tyrant Ochthoeca leucophrys, Jelski’s Chat-Tyrant tailed Field Tyrant Muscigralla brevicauda, O. jelskii, Chiguanco Turdus chiguanco, Yellow-tailed Oriole Icterus mesomelas Rusty Diglossa sittoides, Band-tailed taczanowskii and Black-capped Sparrow Arremon Seedeater analis, Plumbeous Sierra abeillei nigriceps. Others are characteristic of Phrygilus unicolor, Ash-breasted Sierra savannas to the east, e.g. Tataupa Finch P. plebejus, Baron’s Rufous-naped Brush Crypturellus tataupa inops, Marañón Spinetail Finch Atlapetes rufinucha baroni and Rufous- Synallaxis maranonica, Rufous-fronted Thornbird backed Inca Finch Incaspiza personata. rufifrons peruvianus, Northern Finally, there is a strong correlation between Slaty Antshrike punctatus Arid Temperate Zone birds associated with leucogaster, Pileated Finch Coryphospingus /Gynoxys woodlands of the Cordillera cucullatus fargoi and Black-faced Blanca and those inhabiting a similar amid Schistochlamys melanopis grisea. A few typically grassland in the Cordillera Central. These include humid-tropical species occur in small numbers, e.g. Green-throated Oreotrochilus stolzmanni, Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis at Rufous-webbed Tyrant Polioxolmis rufipennis, Tit- Chagual, dpto. La Libertad (TM & LA unpubl., like Dacnis Xenodacnis parina, Plain-tailed December 1997). Warbling Finch Poospiza alticola and Rufous-eared Within the Cordillera Central, the Arid Brush Finch Atlapetes rufigenis. Subtropical Zone (1,500–2,500 m) consists of a 2- Due to the wet conditions in the highest parts of km strip that follows the río Marañón from above the Cordillera Central, elfin and jalca,a Balsas (06º50’S 78º01’W) upstream c.300 km to humid grass–shrub association, dominate the Jircan, dpto. Huánuco (09º15’S 76º44’W), as well as Humid Temperate Zone (2,500–4,000 m) above a similar strip in the Utcubamba Valley, from Pedro 3,000 m. These harbour several endemic Ruiz to Leimebamba, dpto. Amazonas (06º41’S and near-endemic species, such as Coppery 77º47’W; 2,200 m). In the upper Huallaga Valley, Metaltail Metallura theresiae, Russet-mantled near Huánuco, dpto. Huánuco (09º55’S 76º14’E; Softtail Thripophaga berlepschi, Neblina 1,900 m), the zone is wider but still transitional in altirostris, Tschudi’s Tapaculo S. character. It differs there in forming a transition acutirostris, Bay-vented Cotinga Ampelion sclateri, from the Humid Tropical Zone. Pardusco Nephelornis oneilli and Golden-backed The highest, southern, parts of the Marañón Mountain Tanager Buthraupis aureodorsalis. and Huallaga valleys, including the hydrographical Below 3,000 m, forest mixed with large patches of divide, are encompassed by the Arid Temperate covers the east-facing slopes. A high level Zone (2,500–4,000 m). This zone effectively marks of endemism is found amongst the forest- and jalca- the termination of the northern extension of the based species of this zone. This life zone occurs the Puna Zone of highland Peru, and the entire entire length of the Cordillera Central. Geositta as well as the majority of species in genera The Humid Subtropical Zone (1,500–2,500 m) such as Nothoprocta, Leptasthenura, Asthenes and extends the length of the east slope of the Anthus which have no presence in the Cordillera Cordillera Central; however, it ‘wraps’ around the Central. Most species are continuously distributed northern end, facilitated by clouds that enter the within this zone; however several of those found on widest part of the Marañón Valley. Typically, the the east slope of the Cordillera Occidental including habitat of this zone is humid-montane forest. the endemic Purple-backed Sunangel Aglaeactis However, near the dry valleys of the Utcubamba aliciae and Unicoloured Tapaculo Scytalopus and Marañón, forest edge and second growth are unicolor, as well as widespread species such as prevalent and harbour an endemic species, Slender-billed Miner Geositta tenuirostris, White- Marvellous Spatuletail Loddigesia mirabilis and, winged Cinclodes Cinclodes atacamensis, Andean similarly in the Huallaga, the endemic Brown- Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura andicola, Bright- flanked Tanager Thlypopsis pectoralis. Within the rumped Yellow Finch Sicalis uropygialis and Marañón Valley, there is a transition to the Arid

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Figure 3. Laguna de los Cóndores from the trail to Quintecocha; the colony of Black-crowned Night Nycticorax nycticorax is located below the cliff visible on the Figure 1. The northern Cordillera Central of Peru. Some right-hand side of the lake (Jeremy Flanagan) locations mentioned in the text are indicated as well as the study sites (white triangles).

Figure 4. The jalca of La Muralla, with Cerro Pagrapagra in the background; a band of (disturbed) elfin forest is visible (Jeremy Flanagan)

Figure 2a. Map of the Cordillera Central indicating post-1900 collecting locations.

Figure 5. Pond amid jalca between Teabem and Pasabreve; habitat of puna (Todd Mark)

Figure 2b. Map of the Cordillera Central indicating pre-1900 collecting locations.

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Figure 6. Left: sonogram of vocalisation of Pale-billed Grallaria carrikeri in response to imitated whistles of Rusty- tinged Antpitta G. przewalskii. Right: sonogram of presumed song of G. carrikeri. During our field work similar songs (sometimes with many more notes following the initial one) were heard daily. Figure 7. Rufous Antpitta Grallaria rufula obscura, mist-netted just above Ullilén (Jeremy Flanagan)

Figure 8. Vocalisations of presumed Tschudi’s Tapaculo Scytalopus acutirostris, recorded in elfin forest just below Cerro Atalaya.

Figure 9. Yellow-browed Toucanet Aulacorhynchus huallagae, Orfedón, on the trail to La Morada, showing characteristic white base to bill, yellow brow and yellow vent; note piece of string used by locals to tie the bird to a door (Todd Mark)

Figure 10. Habitat of Yellow-browed Toucanet Aulacorhynchus huallagae, near Orfedón, Huabayacu drainage (Todd Mark)

Figure 11. Rufous-browed Hemispingus Hemispingus rufosuperciliata mist-netted just above Ullilén (Jeremy Flanagan)

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Tropical Zone around 1,200 m; elsewhere there is a Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus, Olive-crested transition to the Humid Upper Tropical Zone Flycatcher Myiophobus cryptoxanthus, Olive Tufted (900–1,500 m), a more or less continuous belt of Flycatcher Mitrephanes olivaceus and Straw- humid-montane forest, which also extends the backed Tanager Tangara argyrofenges). length of the cordillera. The latter two zones Despite the apparent discreteness of biogeo- continue unbroken from the Cordillera Central graphic and ecological boundaries, other ‘hidden’ through the Pishcohuañuna to lower-lying parts of barriers limiting the southern distribution of many the Cordillera Oriental; northward they resume Andean species and northern distribution of others across the narrow canyon of the río Marañón at the occur within the Cordillera Central. Pongo de Rentema into the Cordillera del Cóndor. To the east, the low valleys of the Mayo and Ornithological exploration Huallaga mark the end of the Humid Tropical Zone The first specimens from the northern Cordillera (>900 m). These two valleys are typical of many Central represented opportunistic collecting with a rainshadow inter-Andean valleys in Peru, with a bias towards and colourful species. relict savanna and desert-scrub habitat. Their more Prior to 1880, when such mood prevailed, several extensive nature, however, has permitted a greater naturalists crossed the Cordillera Pishcohuañuna diversity of species. The Peruvian ranges of several between Rioja and Chachapoyas. In April 1834, the species are (almost) restricted to these valleys, e.g., English horticulturist Andrew Mathews reached Chestnut-throated Spinetail Synallaxis cherriei Chachapoyas via the río Huallaga and an overland (also at hacienda Luisiana, dpto. Ayacucho, and the route that traversed the Cordillera Pishcohuañuna. lower Urubamba, dpto. Cuzco), Rusty-backed He stayed two months, then returned to Antwren Formicivora rufa (also dpto. Cuzco), Ashy- Chachapoyas and Moyobamba in June 1839, where headed Greenlet Hylophilus pectoralis and he collected (mostly ) until his untimely Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana (also death in November 184146. Some of his earlier Pampas del Heath, dpto. Madre de Dios). Several specimens formed part of the ‘Hooker’ Collection endemic subspecies occupy these valleys as well, (Liverpool museum)49 from which William e.g. Thamnophilus Swainson described Fiery-throated Fruiteater punctata huallagae, White-browed Pipreola chlorolepidota, Black-bellied Tanager Myrmoborus leucophrys koenigorum, Paradise Ramphocelus melanogaster and Blue-necked Tanager Tangara chilensis chlorocorys and Black- Tanager Tangara cyanicollis caeruleocephala in bellied Tanager Ramphocelus melanogaster. 183841,49. Marvellous Spatuletail Loddigesia Finally, the Humid Tropical Zone also occupies mirabilis, the first bird species endemic to the a 110-km-stretch of humid terra firme forest from Cordillera Central to be described, was authored by the Pongo de Rentema to Santa María de Nieva, Jules Bourcier in 1847 from Mathews’ specimens dpto. Amazonas (04º50’S 77º30’W), and features a belonging to the ‘Loddiges’ Collection (British typical Amazonian avifauna and Orange-throated Museum)5,48. Other type specimens from the Tanager Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron, a species ‘Loddiges’ Collection include Booted Racket-tail endemic to the valleys isolated by the pongos Ocreatus underwoodii peruanus and Blue-fronted (cataracts) of north-central Peru. Lancebill Doryfera johannae. One, Chestnut- Barriers such as the ‘Huallaga Bend’ have breasted Coronet Boissonneaua matthewsii [sic] limited the distribution of some temperate species bears his name. Joseph Beale Steere37 (1842–1940) (e.g. Golden-backed Mountain Tanager Buthraupis explored Mathews’ route in 1872 and took the first aureodorsalis and Rufous-browed Hemispingus specimen of the northern subspecies of Hemispingus rufosuperciliaris) to the Cordillera Versicoloured Barbet Eubucco versicolor steerii. Central proper, but not others (e.g. Tschudi’s The Polish botanist Józef Ritter von Rawicz Tapaculo Scytalopus acutirostris and Pardusco Warszewicz (1812–66)29 collected the first Purple- Nephelornis oneilli) whose ranges extend farther throated Sunangel Heliangelus viola in south. Chachapoyas and Violet-fronted Brilliant Similar distributional ‘barriers’ affect humid Heliodoxa leadbeateri sagitta on the ‘banks of the subtropical and upper-tropical species. For Marañón’. Nevertheless, Warszewicz’s precise route example, the Pongo de Rentema marks the south- through the region is unknown. ernmost limit of many species (e.g. Spectacled Several ‘enigmatic’ specimens point to other Prickletail Siptornis striaticollis, White-streaked collecting in this region in the first half of the 19th Antvireo Dysithamnus leucostictus) or represents century. The type of Rufous-crested Coquette the ‘turnover’ point for some species-pairs (e.g. Red- Lophornis delattrei, erroneously attributed to headed Barbet Eubucco bourcieri / Versicoloured when described by Lesson, was evidently Barbet E. versicolor). In other cases, it is ineffective collected at Moyobamba and named for its as a barrier (e.g. Brown-billed Scythebill supposed collector Adolphe De Lattre. The type of Campylorhamphus pusillus, White-collared Cyanolyca viridicyana joylaea

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was procured by its describer Bonaparte from O. T. Baron (1847–1926)2,15 travelled from natural history specimen dealers (the Verreaux Cajamarca in June or July 1894 reaching brothers) (TM pers. obs. 2001). Zimmer49 showed Leimebamba by 17 July. He collected at Levanto that this form from ‘Peru’ is endemic to the and Chachapoyas as well as Sztolcman’s sites of Cordillera Central. Philip Lutley Sclater’s Santa Rosa de Huallabamba and Leimebamba, the description of Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira latter he left (for Cajabamba) no earlier than 27 guirina included a specimen from Huánuco (subse- December 1894 (specimen label Muséum National quently assigned to H. g. huambina), indicating d’Histoire Naturelle [MNHN]). His collecting at collecting activity in the area prior to the first San Pedro, near Leimebamba, apparently occurred documented sampling, in 1922, by the Marshall- later in October 1896, following an extensive circuit Field Expedition. of the Cordillera Occidental throughout 1895. Ornithological exploration of the Cordillera Baron’s Spinetail Cranioleuca baroni, Russet- Central intensified in the late 19th century and mantled Softtail Thripophaga berlepschi, a new continued in the early 20th century, spearheaded subspecies of Streaked Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes by collectors such as Jan Sztolcman (1879–81), boissonneautii medianus and a new subspecies of Oskar Theodor Baron (1894–96), Gustave-Adolphe White-sided Flowerpiercer Diglossa albilatera Baër (1900), Wilfred Hudson Osgood and Malcolm affinis were described from his collections. Playfair Anderson (1912), John Todd Zimmer and In May 1900, the French naturalist G. A. Baër Edmund Heller (1922–23), Harry Watkins (1839–1918)15 left Hacienda Tulpo, dpto. Ancash, (1925–26) and Melbourne Armstrong Carriker and crossed the Andes and the Marañón to reach (1930–33), their work producing an additional five the east slope of the Cordillera Central at Hacienda endemic species and 15 endemic subspecies, as Nuevo Loreto, dpto. San Martín (1,200 m), in June. well as many other widespread species new to Following two months of collecting, he returned to science. Huamachuco, dpto. La Libertad, in the Cordillera Jan Sztolcman (1854–1928)42,43 first reached the Occidental, apparently to prepare for a return to low dry slopes of the northern Cordillera Central at collecting on the wet east slope of the Cordillera Huajango (or Hualango)40. He collected several Central. By August of the same year, he had forms new to science, such as Spot-throated collected at Cumpang, Utcubamba and Cueva Seca Leucippus taczanowski, Marañón on the río Mishollo. In September, he descended the Spinetail Synallaxis maranonica and a new race of valley to Piña and Piquitambo, reaching Puerto Northern Slaty Antshrike Thamnophilus punctata Pizana on the Huallaga in October, and then leucogaster. Following an exploratory foray into the Lopuna and Tocache Nuevo in November. December Cordillera Central, leaving Cocochó on the 1900 collecting dates back at Nuevo Loreto and Marañón for Yurimaguas on the Huallaga in January 1901 dates at Huaylillas indicate a return September–November 1879, Sztolcman switched to the Cordillera Occidental (TM pers. obs. based on his operations from Chota and Cutervo, across the MNHN labels). Coppery Metaltail Metallura Marañón, where he had spent the previous 2.5 theresiae was described from one of his specimens years, to the upper río Huallabamba Basin. No taken at Tayabamba. fewer than 15 collecting localities in eight months In January–October 1912, W. H. Osgood (February–September 1880)49 represent the first in (1875–1947)15 and M. P. Anderson (1879–1919)1 earnest effort to explore the Cordillera Central traversed the trail first travelled by Mathews and from an ornithological standpoint. He secured the Steere, beginning at Balsas on the Marañón in May. types for numerous descriptions published by Eventually reaching Yurimaguas in August the himself or Taczanowski (e.g. Violet-headed same year, they visited Leimebamba, Utcubamba, Hummingbird Klais guimeti pallidiventris, Chachapoyas, Molinopampa, Ventilla, Pucatambo, Emerald-bellied Puffleg Eriocnemis alinae Rioja, Cerro Ventana and Moyobamba. Amongst the dybowskii, Greenish Puffleg Haplophaedia aureliae birds described from their specimens were new affinis, Rufous-vented White-tip Urosticte subspecies of White-chinned Thistletail Schizoeaca benjamini intermedia, Strong-billed Woodcreeper fuliginosa peruviana, Pearled Treerunner Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus compressirostris, Margarornis squamigera peruviana, Páramo Pipit Lined Antshrike Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus Anthus bogotensis immaculatus and Black-faced berlepschi, Thamnophilus Tanager Schistochlamys melanopis grisea. caerulescens subandinus, Rusty-tinged Antpitta J. T. Zimmer (1889–1957)20,47,48 and E. Heller Grallaria przewalskii, Bran-coloured Flycatcher (1875–1939), representing the Marshall-Field Myiophobus fasciatus saturatus, Mouse-coloured Peruvian Expedition, explored the upper Huallaga Flycatcher Phaeomyias murina wagae, Inca Valley. Between July 1922 and January 1923, they Flycatcher Leptopogon taczanowskii, Blue-and- collected along the left bank of the Huallaga from black Tanager Tangara vassorii branickii and Guira Tingo María (700 m) to Huánuco Viejo (3,500 m), Tanager Hemithraupis guira huambina. discovering new subspecies such as Spot-winged

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Antbird Schistocichla leucostigma intensa, Rufous- Zimmer), Thamnophilus browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis unicolor caudatus, Tawny Antpitta Grallaria saturatus, Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis quitensis atuensis, Rusty-breasted Antpitta chlorocorys and Blue-grey Tanager Thraupis Grallaricula ferrugineipectus leymebambae, Ochre- episcopus caerulea. breasted Antpitta G. flavirostris similis, Collecting for the American Museum of Natural Chestnut-crowned Conopophaga History (AMNH), Harry Watkins first reached the castaneiceps chapmani, Neblina Tapaculo Cordillera Central at La Lejía in February 1925. He Scytalopus altirostris, Yellow-browed Chat-Tyrant collected at least as far east as the río Seco, west of Ochthoeca pulchella similis, Yellow-whiskered Moyobamba, in July 1925 (along the trail followed Bush Tanager Chlorospingus parvirostris by Mathews, Steere and Osgood & Anderson), from huallagae and Straw-backed Tanager Tangara where he backtracked, collecting at Pósic, the río argyrofenges caeruleigularis. During a subsequent Negro, Uchco and Bagazán. Several new forms journey, Carriker passed through Lluy, dpto. were described from his specimens including Amazonas (September 1933) en route to Synallaxis unirufa ochrogaster, Ruddy Foliage- Pucatambo, Moyobamba, Shapaja and Saposoa (all gleaner Automolus rubiginosus moderatus, dpto. San Martín), in November 1933, discovering a Zimmer’s Antbird Myrmeciza c. castanea, Hairy- new form of Fulvous -Tanager Lanio fulvus crested Antbird Rhegmatorhina melanosticta peruvianus. His ‘new’ form of Chestnut-throated brunneiceps1, Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca Spinetail Synallaxis cherriei saturata was cinnamomeiventris angustifasciata, Yellow- considered a synonym of S. c. napoensis by margined Flycatcher Tolmomyias assimilis clarus, Zimmer49. However, recent specimens from Ecuador White-eyed Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus zosterops suggest that saturata should be maintained for the flaviviridus, White-crowned Pipra pipra Peruvian form32. occulta, Band-tailed Manakin Pipra fasciicauda Late 20th century collecting (mostly by teams saturata, Spectacled Redstart Myioborus from LSUMZ11–13,22–26) has capitalised on new access melanocephalus malaris, Golden-naped Tanager points provided by highways and colonisation, and Tangara ruficervix amabilis and Superciliaried has produced a remarkable six additional endemic Hemispingus Hemispingus superciliaris insignis. species and six endemic subspecies: Long- By April of the same year he was on the west slope whiskered Owlet Xenoglaux loweryi, Coppery of the western Andes at Chugur. In Metaltail Metallura theresiae parkeri, White- January–February 1926, he had returned to San chinned Thistletail Schizoeaca fuliginosa plengei, Pedro, near Leimebamba, where he collected Ochre-fronted Antpitta Grallaricula ochraceifrons, Rufous-crowned Antpitta Grallaria ruficapilla Pale-billed Antpitta Grallaria carrikeri, two new interior, Blackish Tapaculo Scytalopus latrans forms of Unstreaked Tit-Tyrant Anairetes agraphia intermedius, Sierran Elaenia Elaenia pallatangae plengei and A. a. squamigera, Plain-tailed intensa and Russet-crowned Warbler Basileuterus Thryothorus euophrys schulenbergi and Common coronatus inaequalis. Bush Tanager Chlorospingus ophthalmicus M. A. Carriker (1879–1965) first visited the hiaticolus. Three additional forms were described Cordillera Central in April 1932, at Cumpang and from specimens first collected in the Cordillera Utcubamba, following Baër’s route after crossing Central: Green-and-black Fruiteater Pipreola the Marañón from the Cordillera Blanca at riefferii tallmanorum, Chestnut Antpitta Grallaria Quiches, dpto. Ancash. Yellow-browed Toucanet blakei and Pardusco Nephelornis oneilli.Yet Aulacorhynchus huallagae was known solely from another two forms endemic to the upper río the single specimen he collected there until 45 Huallaga were recently described (White-browed years later, when a Louisiana State University Antbird Myrmoborus leucophrys koenigorum and Museum of Zoology (LSUMZ) team procured Band-tailed Sierra Finch Phrygilus alaudinus several specimens35. Thereafter, Carriker made his bracki). Finally, several recently described species way to Huamachuco across the Marañón and then with extremely limited ranges have subsequently returned to the Cordillera Central at Chagual in been found in the Cordillera Central, namely Royal June 1932, proceeding along the right bank of the Sunangel Heliangelus regalis, Cinnamon-breasted Marañón at high elevation from Pataz through Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus and Callangate, Cajamarquilla (dpto. La Libertad) and Bar-winged Wood Wren Henicorhina leucoptera. Atuén, finally reaching Leimebamba (dpto. Bosque Unchog, Zapatagocha, Huayllaspampa and Amazons), in July. Other collecting localities from Paty Tea Plantation in the Cordillera Carpish, dpto. Carriker’s itinerary include Levanto, Bagazán and Huanuco; La Peca Nueva and the río Chido in the the río Jelache. Many new forms were described Cordillera de Colán, dpto. Amazonas; and Abra from this collection48,49: Tawny-bellied Hermit Patricia and García in the Cordillera Phaethornis syrmatophorus huallagae (now placed Pishcohuañuna, dpto. San Martin, represent some in synonymy with P. s. columbianus following of the collecting sites. P. Hocking and M. Villar also

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collected throughout the 1970s in the immediate Study sites vicinity of Acomayo, dpto. Huánuco, as well as in In June 2000, TM spent seven days between the Utcubamba basin, dpto. Amazonas, producing Leimebamba and Orfedón (on the east-slope trail to Rufous-browed Hemispingus Hemispingus rufosu- La Morada). Records included sight records, a perciliaris and Golden-backed Mountain Tanager specimen obtained from local hunters and sound- Buthraupis aureodorsalis. J. Dorst collected briefly recordings (48 minutes). In July 2002, W-PV, JF, LA in the lower Utcubamba basin in 1955 (his and TM spent a total 38 man-days between specimens are held at MNHN). Collecting by N. Leimebamba and Laguna de los Cóndores. Records Johnson et al. produced the first Johnson’s Tody- included sightings, mist-net captures (45 Tyrant Poecilotriccus luluae at Corosha, dpto. individuals of 24 species) and sound-recordings Amazonas in 1970, in the Cordillera (210 minutes). Recordings were made using Pishcohuañuna. Sennheiser ME-6 microphones with Sony TCM-5 Fig. 1 reveals that, despite all of this activity, tape recorders or Sony MZ-series mini-disc until quite recently the east slope of the ‘main’ recorders. Some sound-recordings discussed here Cordillera Central has been accessed mainly in two (xc#) are available online at www.xeno-canto.org. In places: the trail between Tayabamba (08º17’S November 2003 JB visited the area as part of a 77º18’W) and Ongón, dpto. La Libertad (08º16’S multidisciplinary team, of which three people were 76º58’W), and the trail between Pataz, dpto. La mainly working with birds. They spent 36 man- Libertad (07º44’S 77º37’W) and Gran Pajatén, dpto. days at Quintecocha and two man-days at a nearby San Martín (07º38’S 77º25’W). One species, lake, El Plomo. Furthermore, the team shifted Aulacorhynchus huallagae, was known solely from camps to the valley of the río Chilchos where it these two trails, in upper montane forest spent 21 man-days at two locations, albeit biased (2,100–2,600 m). The trail between Tayabamba and toward mammal research, and the bird list for Ongón was traversed most frequently: by Baër these areas is incomplete. Records include sight (1900, specimens American Museum of Natural records, mist-net captures and sound-recordings History [AMNH], MNHN), Carriker (1932, made with a Sennheiser ME-66 microphone on a specimens Academy of Natural Sciences Sony MZ-series mini-disc recorder. On this Philadelphia [ANSP]), and a LSUMZ team (1979, expedition some birds were collected and deposited specimens LSUMZ). It was investigated by two of in MHNJP. us (TM & LA) in November–December 1997 for eight days. Exploration of the trail between Pataz Laguna de los Cóndores (06º50’S 77º42’W; and Gran Pajatén has a relatively brief history, 2,800 m) being visited by J. Ortiz de la Puente in 19897 The Laguna de los Cóndores (Fig. 3) came to inter- (specimens Museo de Historia Natural Javier national attention in 1997, when mummies were Prado, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos discovered in recently looted tombs in the limestone [MHNJP]). Another trail, from Pataz to the LSU cliffs abutting the lake. A well-publicised18,45 rescue field site, Puerto del Monte, dpto. San Martín of the remaining tomb contents followed and a (07º32’S 77º29’W; 3,250 m) was traversed in 1981 museum was established in Leimebamba in 2000 to (specimens LSUMZ). The trail provides access to house the finds. This led to tourist interest and to the ‘high’ Cordillera Central, but apparently does improvement of the cattle trail to the remote lake not reach lower altitudes on the east slope. During (8–10 hours on foot). On 13 July–19 July 2002, JF the late 1990s, colonos, many escaping the ecologi- and W-PV, and on 14 July–18 July 2002, TM and LA cally impoverished areas around Cajamarca and camped at a site near the lake called Ullilén. Celendín, dpto. Cajamarca, pioneered several The trail to the lake leaves the Inca road additional trails to the east slope of the Cordillera connecting Leimebamba to Atuén where it first Central, near the town of Leimebamba, dpto. crosses the río Atuén just south of the museum. It Amazonas (06º41’S 77º47’W). Until now only one climbs steeply through disturbed wet montane report on the birds found beside these trails has forest to 2,800 m, descends to cross quebrada appeared in the literature9. Toronjil, then ascends to 3,000 m where a gradual On separate expeditions in 2000, 2002 and 2003 transition to jalca (wet upper-montane grassland) we accessed three of these trails to undertake brief and pasture occurs at the base of Cerro Pagrapagra inventories of the avifauna of the northernmost (4,100 m). From a pass known as La Muralla, the part of the high Cordillera Central and its eastern trail continues across a gently sloping area of jalca- slope. Here, we report on the results of these covered hills interrupted by small sinks and inventories. Most of our effort was concentrated at parallel rows of eroded rock, to the base of a study sites on the east slope of the northernmost 3,500 m-ridge, known locally as Cerro Atalaya. In a ‘main’ Cordillera Central above 2,600 m (see Figs. series of switchbacks, it traverses this ridge 1–2). (roughly perpendicular to Cerro Pagrapagra) through an alternating landscape of jalca and elfin

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forest. As the trail enters the glacially carved valley were made during the two hours spent transiting of the río Lajasbamba (or río Siogue), it exposes in this area on 14 and 18 July 2002. The elfin forest places a salmon-coloured bedrock for several km patches in this relatively flat area are apparently until reaching the river. For the next 3 km the trail subject to frequent burning and grazing by cattle, continues on the valley floor between steep cloud- and may have been subject to similar conditions in forested slopes overlooked by towering limestone pre-Colombian times. cliffs. At Ullilén (06º50’S 77º42’W; 2,800 m), a large Llushpe, Quebrada Aguablanca, río Atuén pasture along a lateral moraine separating the lake (06º42’S 77º49’W–06º55’S 77º43’W; 2,700 m) and river, the trail ends at a small ranch. A path The ancient Inca road that follows the course of the continuing to the confluence of the river and the río Atuén, from Leimebamba to its source at outlet stream from the lake passes the foundations Laguna Sierpe (or Atuén), has been traversed by of over 130 circular structures of the Chachapoyan many collectors (e.g. Baron and Carriker). The trail site of Llaqtacocha45 and ends after 2 km, at 2,600 serves several communities inaccessible by m. Our attempt to reach lower elevations was motorised vehicles (e.g. Atuén and Chuquibamba). eventually thwarted by difficult terrain. It begins above Leimebamba and crosses several Presumably, the inhabitants of Llaqtacocha km of farmland, then traverses the canyon of the maintain a trail to the area of Los Chilchos, but we río Atuén which is still cloaked in wet montane were unable to find it. At the edges of the pasture forest. On 22–25 July, JF and W-PV ascended the the forest is mostly pristine, though in one area trail to investigate part of this forest known locally recent burning was evident. Where the cloud forest as Llushpe. They established camp at Puromacho canopy is less dense, Chusquea dominates (2,700 m), a meadowland recently created by defor- the understorey.A second path leads down the steep estation. Puromacho is one of the few places where slope of the moraine to the lake, which at 2,650 m at least some canopy trees remain near the river extends roughly east to west c.2.5 km and is c.500 m and provide a corridor between the steep sides of wide. Cliffs enclose its southern and western edges. the valley where less-disturbed forest remains. The forest at the west end of the lake is the most Further, at 3,000 m, the trail continues through a accessible. A well-maintained path connecting wide valley dominated by pastures against steep Ullilén to a much smaller lake, Quintecocha, cliffs. As the trail enters another narrow canyon, it transects essentially pristine cloud forest. Mist- passes through terrain covered with heavily grazed netting efforts concentrated on this area. low shrubs. Patches of Chusquea sp. and low trees persist near the river’s course. Quintecocha (06º51’S 77º42’W; 3,130 m) On 4 June 2000, TM followed the trail c.18 km Two brief visits to Quintecocha by JF,W-PV and TM to Teabem (or Teaven; 3,400 m). Above Teabem, in 2002 revealed a reed-lined lake containing substantial tracts of Chusquea sp. blanket the water-lilies near its shallow outlet. At 3,130 m, it is hillsides. From Teabem, an eastward trail follows located in a transition towards jalca (probably of the wide, flat, rush-choked quebrada Aguablanca anthropic origin) and elfin forest, which dominate (where grazing has not appreciably altered the the flatter terrain nearest the lakeshore. In 2003 habitat) and provides a short-cut to La Morada, an Quintecocha was the centre of activities and obser- isolated community on the east slope established by vations were made to 3,250 m. a quixotic local, Benigno Añazco, in the 1980s9,21.On 5 June 2000 TM started on this trail. Jalca and Laguna El Plomo (06º51’S 77º43’W; 3,320 m) pasture, typical of high elevations in this region, Observations were made at 3,100–3,370 m. The cover the hillsides. However, the last stretch of the lake is surrounded by jalca, with a transition to trail, beyond a boulder-strewn valley, accesses relict elfin forest that covers the flanks of the mountains Gynoxys ‘forest’ and small ponds in the valley floor surrounding the lake. Higher up, jalca, probably of fed by a stream, which the trail crosses twice (Fig. anthropic origin, reappears. 5). It eventually reaches a pass at 3,700 m and connects with the Atuén–La Morada trail just La Muralla (06º48’S 77º45’W; 3,200 m) below the high pass of Pasabreve. TM covered the About halfway along the route between length of the trail again on 9 June 2000 on his Leimebamba and the Laguna de los Cóndores the return to Leimebamba. trail reaches the pass of La Muralla, at 3,200 m. Located at the threshold of a large (c.5 km2) area of Río Huabayacu, El Jardín, Orfedón (06º56’S jalca/pasture, it derives its name from the imposing 77º41’W–06º58’S 77º38’W) ‘wall’ (muralla) formed by the Cerro Pagrapagra Beyond the junction, the trail enters the easterly- (Fig. 4). On 19 July–21 July 2002, JF and W-PV flowing drainage of the río Huabayacu, eventually investigated the sizeable relict forests at the base of reaching La Morada at 2,200 m. It traverses the Cerro Pagrapagra. Observations by TM and LA floor of an impressive steep-walled valley, which

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alternates between swampy flat areas and forest- Results covered terminal moraines in a series of ‘steps’. TM Approximately 250 species were recorded established camp on 5–8 June 2000 at 3,000 m, at a (Appendix 1). Two species are listed as Endangered tambo (Inca shelter) called El Jardín, near a deep, (EN, Loddigesia mirabilis and Aulacorhynchus glacially carved lake (Laguna Baya), c.500 m long huallagae), four as Vulnerable (VU, Leptosittaca and 350 m wide. From El Jardín, the trail descends branickii, Thripophaga berlepschi, Picumnus stein- sharply following the río Huabayacu, which period- dachneri, Hemispingus rufosuperciliaris), and three ically disappears into porous ground, to its as Near Threatened (NT, Vultur gryphus, Andigena confluence with the Huayabamba (at 2,600 m). hypoglauca, Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus)3. Thereafter, the trail follows the left bank of the Several records represent significant range larger river to another tambo called Orfedón (at extensions. 2,400 m). The steep forested slopes below cliff-faces have limited clearings for cultivation. TM reached Noteworthy records Orfedón on two days (6–7 June 2000) but did not descend beyond there. On 8 June 2000, he relocated Silvery Podiceps occipitalis juninensis his camp towards the pass, to a small meadow at A small number (10+) was present on Quintecocha 3,400 m. in 2002. In 2003 a few were continuously present at Quintecocha and Laguna El Plomo. Although Environs of Leimebamba somewhat isolated records, they correspond with A burgeoning population of colonos is altering the the species’ patchy distribution north of its main immediate surroundings of Leimebamba rapidly. distribution centres, notably Lake Junín. Agricultural fields now cover most areas visible from the town. Rough terracing in many places Black-crowned Night Nycticorax nycticorax suggests that in Chachapoyan times the view may hoactli have been somewhat similar. Small, wet, disturbed No definite breeding records in the temperate zone forest patches remain in places, usually on ridges of Ecuador exist and the highland distribution north with Chachapoyan archaeological sites. Some of of the altiplano in dpto. Junín (Peru) is restricted to these were visited by JF and W-PV on 21 July 2002. the western cordillera north to northern Ancash32. The cliffs along the río Atuén immediately above Black-crowned Night Herons from the altiplano may Leimebamba have a different vegetative stray to humid slopes (mainly small ponds in the composition, being generally dry and dominated by treeline zone). Colonies away from the altiplano shrubs and terrestrial bromeliads in the steepest have only been found at three sites: the Andamarca places. JF and W-PV investigated these micro- Valley (a warm valley in southern Ayacucho), the communities as well as roadside gardens, on 11 and Cochabamba Basin (at 2,500 m in ) and along 21 July. JB spent time around Leimebamba, mostly the adjacent Tunari range (also Bolivia), which in the fields and forest remnants to the south, on forms the transition to the Yungas (J. Fjeldså in litt. 17–18 November, 29 November and 8 December 2005). The existence of a small colony (10–15 pairs) 2003. at Laguna de los Cóndores is therefore notable. A single bird roosting in a tree at Puromacho was Los Chilchos (06º43’S 77º35’W; 1,690 m) possibly from the same colony. The village lies in an open area of c.6 km by 700 m on the east slope just north of Leimebamba. Vultur gryphus NT Observations at Los Chilchos include the forest to A pair present above Puromacho on two different the north of the village. Field work centred on a hut dates. The male twice rested on cliffs above the at the extreme east of the village, at 1,690 m, and forest. Presence of a nest seemed unlikely and could observations were made at 1,650–1,850 m. The not be confirmed. More recently, on 23 November habitat is humid subtropical forest with some 2004, three were observed investigating a cliff a few second growth. km south of this location (R. Dover pers. comm.).

Río Blanco (06º46’S 77º33’W; 1,620 m) Speckled Teal Anas flavirostris Some 7 km south-east of the village of Los Chilchos, Several were recorded at ponds with Puna Teal A. camp was established at a hut in a small deforested puna, at 3,700 m in quebrada Aguablanca, and area at 1,620 m. The area comprises humid others were seen on nearly every pond in the río subtropical forest, of which some is secondary, Huabayacu, including the large Laguna Baya. interrupted by small agricultural fields. Moreover, Furthermore, the species was present in large several rock faces are present, rising abruptly from numbers (1,000+) at Laguna de los Cóndores and the level of the river to forested slopes at 1,900 m. Quintecocha (100+). The species has been under- All observations were made at 1,550–1,800 m. reported in the Cordillera Central but is common in appropriate habitat there.

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Puna Teal Anas puna Barred Parakeet Bolborhynchus lineola Several at ponds covered with duckweed near the A flock of Bolborhynchus was sound-recorded as it pass on the trail to La Morada, at 3,700 m, in the flew towards the forest above Ullilén on 15 July uppermost basin of quebrada Aguablanca in 2000. 2002. The calls (xc146) match recordings of Barred This record extends the species’ range 150 km Parakeet from elsewhere in its range. There are north and is the first for the Cordillera Central10.In relatively few localities known for this species in 2003, A. puna was also observed at Laguna El Peru10. Plomo, at 3,320 m, c.7 km further north. Oreotrochilus estella stolzmanni Andean Oxyura ferruginea At 3,525 m (06º54’S 77º43’W), in quebrada A small number (<5) was present at Quintecocha in Aguablanca a female was flushed from below an 2002. In 2003 a similar number was also present at embankment at a point where the trail crosses the Laguna El Plomo. Being a high-altitude species, stream. The bird flew to several perches nervously there are very few records from the Andes around flicking the tail, before eventually disappearing, the North-Peruvian low. The species has been possibly to a nest (not located). Field marks recorded by TM (unpubl.) in the Cordillera included a greyish throat with rows of steely green Pishcohuañuna, c.95 km north of this site. discs, steely green back, decurved blackish bill and tail with a whitish terminal band and a basal white Plumbeous sanguinolentus patch when spread. Several females were recorded The subspecies P. s. tschudii is common in the in the extreme south of the Cordillera Central, at altiplanos of Junín and Cuzco; however, in dpto. Tantamayo, dpto. Huánuco, in 1997 (W-PV Cajamarca it apparently occurs at lower elevations unpubl.). A male collected at quebrada La Caldera, along the upper río Marañón10. TM discovered two dpto. La Libertad, in 1979 (LSUMZ 91485) in marshland in quebrada Aguablanca at 3,500 m, represents the closest locality (c.150 km away), but suggesting the presence of a population in the has been overlooked in at least some literature10,31. highlands of the Cordillera Central, in dptos. Andean Hillstar was previously known from the Amazonas and San Martín. TM (unpubl.) had Cordillera Huayhuash and Lake Junín north to recorded the species previously along the río southernmost Ecuador only along the main Andes. Utcubamba, at 1,800 m near Tingo, dpto. Amazonas Its occurrence in the Cordillera Central, extending (06º23’S 77º55’W), on 7 September 1993. its distribution some 400 km along the east bank of Populations in rice fields in the upper río Marañón the upper río Marañón, nearly doubles its range. probably represent recent dispersal, perhaps from highlands where this rail’s habitat is more Purple-backed Thornbill Ramphomicron extensive. microrhynchum A female was mist-netted at Quintecocha on 20 Golden-plumed Parakeet Leptosittaca branickii VU November 2003. The closest record is from the west Flocks were observed at three localities. One of c.20 bank of the río Marañón, albeit perhaps only 30 km individuals was present near the east end of away. Ours is apparently the most northerly from Laguna de los Cóndores in 2002, with a similar- the Cordillera Central, indicating that the species sized flock present in November 2003. A smaller possibly occurs throughout its length. flock was heard at Quintecocha in 2002. Around Laguna El Plomo on 23–24 November 2003, at least Marvellous Spatuletail Loddigesia mirabilis EN four different small groups were present, totalling Among our most notable observations are those of c.12, at 3,320–3,400 m moving between the tree L. mirabilis in the environs of Leimebamba. The crowns. A flock of five was seen on 5 June 2000, at species was observed twice: once c.1 km south of the 3,500 m, over elfin forest in the upper Huabayacu museum on 29 November 2003, when a male was Valley. The well-preserved habitat in the general briefly observed in flight showing a very long area may be important for this conservation- unfeathered part to the tail that ended in huge dependent species. spatules. Two days were spent in the same general area, on 17 November and 8 December 2003, Mountain Parakeet Bolborhynchus aurifrons without encountering the species again. This is a A group of 27 Bolborhynchus was present, on 27 relatively well-visited spot, and apparently the November 2003, on the moraine separating Laguna species is only rarely (or seasonally?) present there. de los Cóndores from the río Lajasbamba. The birds The second sighting was made on the east bank of were intense lemon-green with yellow chins, and the río Utcubamba at c.2,700 m on 1 December were apparently B. aurifrons. This seems to be the 2003, whilst ascending the trail to Los Chilchos. A first record for the Cordillera Central10. male made a semicircular flight around the observers, permitting clear views of the tail, especially the spatules at its tip. Habitat in the

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area was a mosaic of cleared and degraded amongst the branches, c.5–6 m above ground. The shrubland or pastureland, with small, seemingly species has also been recorded at La Morada9. impenetrable, relict forests of gnarled and dwarf trees. Russet-mantled Softtail Thripophaga berlepschi VU Three were observed in a mixed-species flock near Yellow-browed Toucanet Aulacorhynchus huallagae Teabem, at 3,200 m, in a patch of tall riparian EN brush dominated by Chusquea sp. They ascended This species’ croaking calls were recorded near the the stalks, periodically flying to the mid–lower confluence of the ríos Huabayacu and Huayabamba levels of adjacent stalks. The site lies between two on 7 June 2000. One obtained (using slingshot?) by collecting localities, Leimebamba (the type locality) local hunters was found at the tambo at Orfedón on and Atuén, and there are still large tracts of 8 June 2000. Apparently, the bird was intended as a suitable habitat above the trail. Another was seen ‘gift’ as TM had queried some locals he met on the in elfin forest at 3,500 m along the río Huabayacu, trail earlier about the species. They had described it establishing a new upper-elevation limit for the convincingly, from the narrow elevation band in species (from 3,350 m)10. A single was caught in which it occurs to its physical characteristics: mist-nets at Quintecocha on 28 November 2003, yellow vent, red rump, bluish bill, greenish overall where the species was also observed in a mixed- coloration and small size (relative to Ramphastos). species flock. Finally, it was observed at mid height The bird was photographed while still alive (Fig. 9). in shrubby forest at the base of Laguna de Los Endemic to the northern Cordillera Central, Cóndores at 2,700 m. Yellow-browed Toucanet forms a superspecies with Crimson-rumped Toucanet A. haematopygus and Pale-billed Antpitta Grallaria carrikeri Blue-banded Toucanet A. coeruleicinctis, which On 16 July 2002 TM observed this species in cloud range north and south respectively38. Throughout forest understorey below the outlet of the Laguna its range, the species is restricted to a narrow de los Cóndores, at 2,600 m. The bird hopped onto a elevation band between the higher-elevation Grey- horizontal limb c.1 m above ground and, in breasted Mountain Andigena hypoglauca apparent response to a vocalising Rusty-tinged and lower-elevation Emerald Toucanet Antpitta G. przewalskii, produced a previously Aulacorhynchus prasinus. It is represented in undescribed voice similar to an alternate voice museums by six specimens from three different (response to playback) of its presumed northern localities within 90 km of each other6,35. Although congener, Chestnut-naped Antpitta G. nuchalis28 our record extends the known range c.70 km north (xc10924). The vocalisation (xc734) comprises 4–13 from río ‘El Susto’, dpto. San Martín (nearly high (5 kHz) tséep notes delivered at c.1 per second doubling its documented range), it merely confirms and with intervals of 6–9 seconds. A sonogram the probable distribution. Nevertheless, this appears as Fig. 6. The bird called for c.5 minutes. toucanet has not been recorded at two well- Similar calls were identified on a sound-recording, surveyed, seemingly suitable areas north and south obtained after playback of the song of G. carrikeri, of its known range, Abra Patricia, dpto. San Martín, on the trail from Ullilén to Quintecocha (xc749). On and ‘Paty Tea Plantation’, dpto. Huánuco, respec- several occasions a second call that we attribute to tively. Delimiting the range of this Endangered this species was heard, typically in Chusquea species requires further transects of remote parts of stands. The call is delivered in a cadence the Cordillera Central, especially between reminiscent of the better-known six-note ‘staccato’ Tayabamba and the Cordillera Carpish. As it is call of the species14,36 and differs mainly in having hunted, local people should be familiar with the more notes, at least as many as nine. A sonogram of bird and could provide information as to its this call as recorded here (xc151) also forms part of abundance and distribution. Near Orfedón (Fig. 10) Fig. 6. A. huallagae was apparently locally common. Rufous Antpitta Grallaria rufula obscura Grey-breasted Mountain Toucan Andigena From the literature10 it is unclear which subspecies hypoglauca NT occurs in the region. The single mist-net capture in Very common around Puromacho, with as many as 2002 (Fig. 7) was very pale and matches descrip- ten encountered within c.1 km of the camp on 24 tions of C. r. obscura. A similar bird was collected July 2002. It was also noted at the río Huabayacu from a Tomahawk rat trap in 2003 at Quintecocha, on 7 June 2000 (TM). where birds were seen daily. Calls attributed to this species (xc150) are quite similar to those of C. r. Speckle-chested Piculet Picumnus steindachneri VU obscura in Huánuco14. Other calling birds were A pair was observed near the village of Los noted in remnant forests near Leimebamba on 29 Chilchos on 7 December 2003, moving quickly November 2003.

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Tawny Antpitta Grallaria quitensis atuensis Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant Agriornis montana This subspecies has warm buff to pale orange On 5 June 2000, two were seen in open pasture at cheeks, throat and upper breast, which abruptly 3,500 m in quebrada Aguablanca. The species has became muted on the whitish-mottled breast and been overlooked in the Cordillera Central10,31 and belly. Its vocalisations differ from those of the we are unaware of any specimens from the area. nominate (xc162, xc166). We found this taxon common in appropriate habitat, where it was easily Taczanowski’s Ground Tyrant Muscisaxicola griseus observed on rock outcrops in jalca. Two M. griseus were observed at 3,500 m on 5 and 9 June 2000. Muscisaxicola griseus is known from the Tschudi’s Tapaculo Scytalopus acutirostris main Andes, from dpto. Cajamarca south to Bolivia A kee-k-rrrrrrr song very similar to that character- including near the headwaters of the río Marañón istic of this form was recorded on Cerro Atalaya and where the Cordillera Central branches east; at La Muralla in July 2002 (xc144, xc145; Fig. 8). however, specimens from quebrada La Caldera, The species appears common in pristine as well as dpto. La Libertad (LSUMZ 92650–51), indicate that disturbed elfin forest. The closest documented its presence in the Cordillera Central has been records are from Bosque Unchog, dpto. Huánuco. previously overlooked10. Our sighting extends its Records from the study area indicate that the range 150 km north in the Cordillera Central. species occurs along the entire Cordillera Central from Huánuco north. The occurrence of this taxon Jet Manakin Chloropipo unicolor was a surprise, especially as S. latrans intermedius A male joined a mixed-species flock at 2,400 m near was not encountered. Numerous specimens of the Orfedón. It exposed the white underwing-coverts as latter are known from the general area10, it jumped from a perch to feed at a clump of uniden- suggesting that it should be rather common. tified white berries in the understorey within 1 m of However, the song of S.1. intermedius is unknown the forest floor. Jet Manakin was known to 1,900 m and it is possible that calls we attributed to Large- in Peru34 though a specimen from Cumbre de Ollón, footed Tapaculo S. macropus (which we also dpto. Pasco (LSUMZ 106157), was taken at 2,500 m. trapped, in November 2003 near Quintecocha) refer Our sighting provides further evidence of a broader to S. l. intermedius. elevational range, at least in the south of its distribution. Neblina Tapaculo Scytalopus altirostris Seen by TM near Pasabreve (3,700 m) in tussocks Tit-like Dacnis Xenodacnis parina bella along creek banks and shrubbery on steep slopes, in TM found the species common along quebrada July 2000. It was also sound-recorded and observed Aguablanca in Gynoxys at 3,500 m. This subspecies at Cerro Atalaya and La Muralla in July 2002 (type specimen from Atuén) had not been recorded (xc147). recently (since 1979 at Mashua; LSUMZ 91573, 93495–93507, 94162), largely due to lack of habitat Cinnamon-breasted Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus near main roads. The form is endemic to the cinnamomeipectus NT Cordillera Central and recent authorities suggest One was observed by JB along a trail in the Río that its taxonomic status demands review32. Blanco area (c.1,600 m), on 4 December 2003. The species is known from only a handful of scattered Rufous-browed Hemispingus Hemispingus localities, ranging from the Cordillera del Cóndor rufosuperciliaris VU south to Abra Patricia, where it prefers poor-soil One was trapped (Fig. 11) and two observed ridgetop elfin forests3. Bar-winged Wood Wren together in Chusquea near Ullilén in July 2002. On Henicorhina leucopterus occurs syntopically with 18 November 2003 one was trapped at H. cinnamomeipectus at the same localities, but is Quintecocha. These are new locations, but merely also known from one locality in the Cordillera confirm the species’ assumed presence between the Central, below Cumpang on the trail to Cordillera de Colán and río Abiseo. Utcubamba. The lower altitudes of the east side of the Cordillera Central are especially poorly known, Pardusco Nephelornis oneilli raising the possibility that H. cinnamomeipectus Several observed in mixed-species flocks, at 3,500 may be more widespread than assumed. As the m, in elfin forest/scrub on the wet upper slopes significance of the sighting was under-appreciated above El Jardín, by TM, on 5, 8 and 9 June 2000. at the time, very few details were noted, and future Small groups were also observed just below Cerro expeditions should aim to clarify the status and Atalaya beside Laguna de los Cóndores by W-PV. ecology of the species in the area. TM saw one in a mixed-species flock in elfin forest at Quintecocha on 17 July 2002, whilst another was mist-netted there on 20 November 2003 and one seen on 22 November 2003. Our records extend its

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range c.75 km north from Puerto del Monte, dpto. An important (but unexplored) southern range San Martín (c.07º32’S 77º29’W). Its occurrence terminus and/or species changeover occurs further raises the possibility that Bay-vented Cotinga south, somewhere between Tayabamba and Bosque Ampelion sclateri, Buthraupis aureodorsalis and Unchog, and affects Yellow-browed Toucanet Golden-collared Tanager jelskii may Aulacorhynchus huallagae, Mountain Avocetbill eventually be found in the general area, as all have Opisthoprora euryptera, White-faced Nunbird otherwise similar ranges in the Cordillera Central. Hapaloptila castanea, Russet-mantled Softtail Thripophaga berlepschi, White-browed Thistletail Discussion Schizoeaca fuliginosa peruviana/plengei, Pale-billed Our observations mostly corroborate assumed Antpitta Grallaria carrikeri, Rusty-tinged/Bay avian distributions within this region of Peru, but Antpitta G. przewalskii/capitalis, Tawny Antpitta G. nonetheless play the useful role of confirming quitensis atuensis, Crowned Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca continuity within each species’ range. In the case of frontalis frontalis/spodionota, Plain-tailed Wren threatened species such as Aulacorhynchus Thryothorus euophrys schulenbergi, Northern huallagae, Loddigesia mirabilis, Hemitriccus Rufous-naped/ Tricoloured Brush Finch Atlapetes cinnamomeipectus and Hemispingus rufosupercil- rufinucha latinuchus/tricolor tricolor and Stripe- iaris, this is especially important as it will assist headed Brush Finch Buarremon torquatus future conservation initiatives. Our data also reveal assimilis/t. poliophrys. White-browed Conebill that waterbirds have been particularly neglected in Conirostrum ferrugineiventre, Three-striped the Cordillera Central, possibly due to the Hemispingus Hemispingus trifasciatus and Slaty reluctance of earlier collectors to skin larger birds, Brush Finch Atlapetes schistaceus taczanowskii particularly if they are common elsewhere. reach their northern limit in the same general area. Important modern collecting sites such as Bosque We suggest that ‘filling-in-the-blanks’ Unchog, Mashua and La Peca have been away from inventories such as that described here are still areas with lakes. required, particularly in the mid Huallaga and Our sites represent the known northern uppermost Marañón valleys, as well as in the terminus of the ranges of at least two species, highlands between the Cordillera Carpish and Tschudi’s Tapaculo Scytalopus acutirostris and general area of Tayabamba. Careful mapping of Pardusco Nephelornis oneilli. Possibly this is also bird distributions will help determine points of true of Ampelion sclateri, Buthraupis aureodorsalis habitat changeover and permit better understand- and Iridosornis jelskii. All of these species require ing of species limits and speciation. exceptionally wet conditions and high altitude, and Finally, there is the conservation imperative. have not been detected in the cordilleras The area between the study sites and the Parque Pishcohuañuna or Colán despite extensive collecting Nacional Río Abiseo covers c.500,000 ha of upper activity. Targeted efforts in the páramo/elfin forest montane habitat, a region of considerable ecotone in the region should be initiated. biological, ecological and archaeological interest. Several other species, especially Stripe-headed Demographic pressures are increasing rapidly on Antpitta Grallaria andicola, G. ruficapilla and this relatively sparsely populated area. Apart from Xenodacnis parina, probably reach their northern- measures to reduce the ecological impact of those most limit in the Cordillera Central near our sites. agricultural practices already introduced, an indis- All other species found at our study sites also occur pensable part of the conservation measures needed in the cordilleras Colán and Pishcohuañuna with appears to be the formation of new protected areas. the probable exception of Aulacorhynchus Few areas in the world provide a more appropriate huallagae whose tiny elevational range is almost place to study biogeography. This alone should certainly fragmented further north due to inspire us to preserve the extraordinary diversity of geological conditions. For instance, near Abra the Cordillera Central. Patricia, a zone of stunted forest on poor soils is present at the appropriate elevation, whilst near Acknowledgements Chachapoyas, where the species’ range could spill TM thanks John P. O’Neill for direction and encourage- ment throughout his explorations in Peru and for into the Utcubamba Valley, conditions are probably assistance during visits to LSUMZ, Baton Rouge, too dry. At best it may occur to the north in small where Van Remsen and Steve Cardiff provided access relict populations. Our study sites represent the to specimens. Michel Trenet and Eric Pasquet provided southern terminus only for species of open habitats access and assistance at the MNHN, Paris. Dan Lane, created by the rainshadow of the upper Marañón Thomas Valqui and Sjoerd Mayer identified vocalisa- and Utcubamba valleys, e.g. Thamnophilus tions unrecognised by the authors. Tom Schulenberg ruficapillus jaczewskii, Heliangelus viola, shared his knowledge of Peruvian birds and Manuel iris and Loddigesia mirabilis. Wet-forest Plenge his understanding of the history of ornithology species mostly occur the entire length of the in Peru. Special thanks to Dan Brooks for crucial input Cordillera Central. at all stages of this paper. José Campos de la Cruz

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provided logistics in Peru. Oliverio Díaz Idrogo and 13. Graves, G. R., O’Neill, J. P. & Parker, T. A. (1983) Daniel Aguilar guided expertly during the 2000 Grallaricula ochraceifrons, a new species of expedition. Field work in 2002 was commissioned by antpitta from northern Peru. Wilson Bull. 95: ProAves Perú from the centro Mallqui (who also 1–6. supported the 2003 expedition) and the museum in 14. Isler, P. R. & Whitney, B. (2002) Songs of the Leimebamba. The 2002 team thank Adriana von . 3 CDs. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab. of Hagen and Rob Dover for fantastic logistics, and their Ornithology. field assistants Sinecio Gorro Gutiérrez, Nixon Aguilar 15. Jobling, J. A. (1991) A dictionary of scientific bird Silva and Noelith Castro Bazan. The 2003 expedition names. Oxford: Oxford University Press. was financed and coordinated by Ron Wagter and 16. Johnson, N. K. & Jones, R. E. (2001) A new species Environmental Fund Peru/Stichting Duurzaam of tody-tyrant (Tyrannidae: Poecilotriccus) from Natuurbehoud Peru, Holland, and was supported by northern Peru. Auk 118: 334–341. the Instituto de Investigación Biológica de las 17. Johnson, N. K. (2002) Leapfrogging revisited in Cordilleras Orientales (INIBICO) in Tarapoto, as well Andean birds: geographical variation in the tody- as by field workers from the Departamento de tyrant superspecies Poecilotriccus ruficeps and P. Ornitología del Museo de Historia Natural de la luluae. 144: 69–84. UNMSM. JB thanks his field assistants for a profes- 18. Lerche, P. (2000) Lost tombs of Peru. Natl. sional job, especially Henk Hoogenboom and Carlos Geographic 198: 64–81. Mendoza. The Instituto Nacional de Recursos 19. Lowery, G. H. & Tallman, D. A. (1976) A new genus Naturales, INRENA, authorised the 2003 investiga- and species of nine-primaried oscine of uncertain tion, autorización 084–2003-INRENA-IFFS-DCB. affinities from Peru. Auk 93: 415–428. 20. Murphy, R. C. & Amadon, D. (1957) In memoriam: References John Todd Zimmer. Auk 76: 418. 1. Anderson, M. B. (1919) Malcolm Playfair 21. Muscutt, K. (1998) Warriors of the clouds. Anderson. Condor 21: 115–119. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 2. Baron, O. T. (1897) Notes on the collecting 22. O’Neill, J. P. & Graves, G. (1977) A new genus and localities visited by OT Baron in northern Peru species of owl (Aves, Strigidae) from Peru. Auk and the Trochilidae found there. Novit. Zool.4: 94: 409–416. 1–10. 23. O’Neill, J. P. & Parker, T. A. (1997) New subspecies 3. BirdLife International (2004) Threatened birds of of Myrmoborus leucophrys () and the world 2004. CD-ROM. Cambridge, UK: Phrygilus alaudinus (Emberizidae) from the BirdLife International. upper Huallaga Valley, Peru. In: Remsen, J. V. 4. Blake, E. R. & Hocking, P. (1974) Two new species (ed.) Studies in Neotropical ornithology honoring of tanager from Peru. Wilson Bull. 86: 321–324. Ted Parker. Orn. Monogr. 48. Washington DC: 5. Bourcier, J. (1847) Description de quinze espèces American Ornithologists’ Union. de Trochilidae du cabinet de M. Loddiges. Proc. 24. O’Neill, J. P. & Parker, T. A. (1976) New subspecies Zool. Soc. Lond. 1847: 42–48. of Schizoeaca fuliginosa and Uromyias agraphia 6. Carriker, M. A. (1933) Descriptions of new birds from Peru. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 96: 136–141. from Peru, with notes on other little-known 25. O’Neill, J. P. & Parker, T. A. (1981) New subspecies species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 85: 1–38. of Pipreola riefferii and Chlorospingus 7. Chapman, F. M. (1926) Descriptions of new birds ophthalmicus from central Peru. Bull. Brit. Orn. from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and . Amer. Club 101: 294–299. Mus. Novit. 231 (see: www.digitallibrary. 26. Parker, T. A. & O’Neill, J. P. (1985) A new species amnh.org/dspace/). and a new subspecies of Thryothorus wren from 8. Collar, N. J., Gonzaga, L. P., Krabbe, N., Madroño Peru. In: Buckley, P. A., Foster, M. S., Morton, E. Nieto, A., Naranjo, L. G., Parker, T. A. & Wege, D. S., Ridgely, R. S. & Buckley, F. G. (eds.) C. (1992) Threatened birds of the Americas: the Neotropical ornithology. Orn. Monogr. 36. ICBP/IUCN Red Data book. Cambridge, UK: Washington DC: American Ornithologists' International Council for Bird Preservation. Union. 9. del Carmen, M. & Fjeldså, J. (2000) Aves del area 27. Parker, T. A., Parker, S. A. & Plenge, M. A. (1982) de la Morada. In: Schjellerup, I. (ed.) La Morada. An annotated checklist of Peruvian birds. A case study on the impact of human pressure on Vermillion, SD: Buteo Books. the environment in the Ceja de Selva, northeast- 28. Parker, T. A., Schulenberg, T. S., Graves, G. R. & ern Peru. Ambio 29: 451–454. Braun, M. J. (1985) The avifauna of the 10. Fjeldså, J. & Krabbe, N. (1990) Birds of the high Huancabamba region, northern Peru. In: Andes. Copenhagen: Zool. Mus., Univ. of Buckley, P. A., Foster, M. S., Morton, E. S., Copenhagen & Svendborg: Apollo Books. Ridgely, R. S. & Buckley, F. G. (eds.) Neotropical 11. Graves, G. R. (1981) A new subspecies of Coppery ornithology. Orn. Monogr. 36. Washington DC: Metaltail (Metallura theresiae) from northern American Ornithologists’ Union. Peru. Auk 98: 382. 29. Reichenbach, H. (1854) [Heliodoxa leadbeateri 12. Graves, G. R. (1987) A cryptic new species of sagitta]. Aufz. der Colibris 8. antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the 30. Remsen, J. V., Cadena, C. D., Jaramillo, A., Nores, Peruvian Andes. Wilson Bull. 99: 312–321. M., Pacheco, J. F., Robbins, M. B., Schulenberg, T.

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S., Stiles, F. G., Stotz, D. F. & Zimmer, K. J. (2006) 785, 819, 860–62, 889, 893–94, 917, 930, 962–63, A classification of the bird species of South 994, 1042–45, 1066, 1095, 1108–09, 1126–27, America. www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/ 1159–60, 1168, 1193, 1203, 1225, 1245–46, SACCBaseline.html (accessed January 2006). 1262–63, 1304, 1345, 1367, 1380, 1428, 1449–50, 31. Ridgely, R. S., Allnutt, T. F., Brooks, T., McNicol, D. 1463, 1474–75, 1513, 1540, 1595, 1604, 1609, K., Mehlman, D. W., Young, B. E. & Zook, J. R. 1649, 1723 (see: www.digitallibrary.amnh.org/ (2003) Digital distribution maps of the birds of dspace/). the Western Hemisphere, version 1.0. CD. Arlington, VA: NatureServe (also: Todd Mark www.natureserve.org/infonatura). 1880 White Oak Drive, Houston, TX 77009, USA. E- 32. Ridgely, R. S. & Greenfield, P. J. (2001) The birds of mail: [email protected]. Ecuador, 1. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 33. Ridgely, R. S. & Greenfield, P. J. (2001) The birds of Louise Augustine† Ecuador, 2. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 34. Ridgely, R. S. & Tudor, G. (1994) The birds of South Javier Barrio America,2. Austin: University of Texas Press. Luis Garcia Rojas 175, Urb. Humboldt, Miraflores- 35. Schulenberg, T. S. & Parker, T. A. (1997) Notes on Lima 18, Peru. E-mail: [email protected]. the Yellow-browed Toucanet Aulacorhynchus huallagae. In: Remsen, J. V. (ed.) Studies in Jeremy Flanagan Neotropical ornithology honoring Ted Parker. Carrside Farm, Appleby, Lincolnshire DN15 OBZ, UK. Orn. Monogr. 48. Washington DC: American E-mail: [email protected]. Ornithologists’ Union. 36. Schulenberg, T. S. & Williams, M. D. (1982) A new Willem-Pier Vellinga species of antpitta (Grallaria) from northern Groenesteinlaan 12, 9722 BX, Groningen, The Peru. Wilson Bull. 94: 105–113. Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]. 37. Sclater, P. L. & Salvin, O. (1878) On the collection of birds made by Prof. Steere in . † Louise Augustine died on 29 January 2007 following a Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1878: 135–142. long struggle against cancer, a battle that she fought with 38. Short, L. L. & Horne, J. F. M. (2001) , dignity, steadfast determination and the complete lack of barbets and honeyguides. Oxford: Oxford self-pity that characterised her spirit. Typically, she made University Press. much more of any birding trips she could make during 39. Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. & remissions, than all the suffering she bore. I first met Wege, D. C. (1998) Endemic Bird Areas of the Louise in 1997 during a month-long trip to Colombia. One world: priorities for biodiversity conservation. bird that eluded us, Cundinamarca Antpitta Grallaria Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International kaestneri, had, within a few months, lured her and three (Conservation Series 9). fellows back to the country in an ill-fated trip during which they were made captive by the FARC. On release, 40. Stephens, L. & Traylor, M. A. (1983) Ornithological Louise bemoaned the fact that her new binoculars were gazetteer of Peru. Cambridge, MA: Mus. Comp. not as good as the ones she’d had before, more than their Zool., Harvard Univ. Press. ordeal as captives. I made many other trips with Louise, to 41. Swainson, W. (1838) [Pipreola chlorolepidota, places as far afield as Brazil, Cuba, Turkey and Vietnam, Ramphocelus melanogaster, Tangara cyanicollis but she really did get as much pleasure from watching the caeruleocephala]. Anim. in Menag.: 356, 357, 359. birds in her yard. She will be missed in the wild places on 42. Taczanowski, L. (1879) Liste des oiseaux recueillis Earth where there are still birds aplenty.—Guy M. au nord du Pérou par M. M. Stolzmann et Jelski Kirwan. en 1878. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1879: 220–245. 43. Taczanowski, L. (1882) Liste des oiseaux recueillis Appendix 1. observed. Nomenclature 30 par M. Stolzmann au Pérou nord-oriental. Proc. follows Remsen et al. . Zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 2–49. 44. Valqui, T. (2004) Where to watch birds in Peru. Scientific name Lima: Gráfica Nuñes. 45. von Hagen, A. (2002) Los Chachapoya y la Laguna de los Cóndores. Lima: Ed. Biblos. 46. Weberbauer, A. (1945) El mundo vegetal de los EBA, threat Leimebamba Rio Atuén 2.1a Muralla 1. Cóndores, 1. Quintecocha, 2. El Plomo Quebrada Huabayacu 1. Chilchos, 2. Blanco Andes peruanos: estudio fitogeográfico. Lima: Ministerio de Agricultura. Nothoprocta curvirostris Curve-billed Tinamou x 47. Zimmer, J. T. (1924) Two new birds from Peru. Podiceps occipitalis Silvery Grebe 1 1,2 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 12: 101–109. Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron x 1 48. Zimmer, J. T. (1927) A new race of Myrmeciza Merganetta armata x schistacea from central Peru. Proc. Biol. Soc. Anas flavirostris Speckled Teal x 1 1,2 x Wash. 40: 208. Anas puna Puna Teal x 2 49. Zimmer, J. T. (1931–55) Studies of Peruvian birds, Oxyura (jamaicensis) ferruginea Andean Duck x 1 1,2 1–66. Amer. Mus. Novit. 500, 509, 523, 525, 538, Coragyps atratus x x 545, 558, 584, 646–47, 668, 703, 728, 753, 756–57, Cathartes aura x x 1

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Cotinga 29 New records of birds from the northern Cordillera Central of Peru

Vultur gryphus Andean Condor NT x Aglaiocercus kingi Long-tailed Sylph x Elanoides forficatus -tailed 1 1 Loddigesia mirabilis Marvellous Spatuletail EN, 049 x Ictinia plumbea Plumbeous Kite 1 Myrtis fanny Purple-collared Woodstar x Leucopternis albicollis White 1 Acestrura mulsant White-bellied Woodstar x x Accipiter (striatus) erythronemius Sharp-shinned Hawk 1,2 Pharomachrus auriceps Golden-headed Quetzal x x Falco sparverius x x 1 personatus 1 1 x Falco femoralis x Eubucco versicolor Versicoloured Barbet 1,2 Falco rufigularis Falcon 2 Picumnus steindachneri Speckle-chested Piculet VU, 044 2 Buteo magnirostris 1,2 Aulacorhynchus huallagae Yellow-browed Toucanet EN, 049 x Buteo polyosoma Red-backed Hawk 1,2 Andigena hypoglauca Spizaetus tyrannus Black Hawk- 2 Grey-breasted Mountain Toucan NT x x x Phalcoboenus megalopterus x x 1,2 Veniliornis fumigatus Smoky-brown Woodpecker x x Penelope montagnii Andean Guan x 1 2 x Veniliornis nigriceps Bar-bellied Woodpecker x 1 x Pardirallus sanguinolentus Plumbeous Rail x Piculus rivolii Crimson-mantled Woodpecker x x 1 1 Vanellus resplendens Andean x 2 x Piculus rubiginosus Golden-olive Woodpecker 1 Gallinago andina Colaptes rupicola Andean Flicker x 2 x Gallinago stricklandii Cordilleran Snipe 2r Dryocopus lineatus Lineated Woodpecker 1,2 Actitis macularius Spotted 1 Campephilus pollens Powerful Woodpecker x,r 1 Larus serranus Andean x 1,2 Sittasomus griseicapillus Olivaceous Woodcreeper 2 Patagioenas fasciata Band-tailed Pigeon x 1,2 Xiphorhynchus ocellatus Ocellated Woodcreeper 2c Patagioenas subvinacea Ruddy Pigeon 1 Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus Leptotila verreauxi White-tipped Dove x x 1 Strong-billed Woodcreeper x,r Geotrygon frenata White-throated Quail-Dove 2c Lepidocolaptes affinis Montane Woodcreeper x x 1 Aratinga leucophthalmus White-eyed Parakeet 2 Cinclodes fuscus Bar-winged Cinclodes x 2 Aratinga wagleri Scarlet-fronted Parakeet x Schizoeaca fuliginosa peruviana Peruvian Thistletail x 1,2 2 x Leptosittaca branickii Golden-plumed Parakeet VU 1 2 x Synallaxis azarae fruticicola Azara’s Spinetail 1 x x Bolborhynchus lineola Barred Parakeet 1 r Synallaxis unirufa Rufous Spinetail 1,2 2 x Bolborhynchus aurifrons Mountain Parakeet 1 Cranioleuca baroni Baron’s Spinetail ? x Amazona mercenaria Scaly-naped 2 Asthenes flammulata Many-striped Canastero x 2 Pionus seniloides White-capped Parrot xr Thripophaga berlepschi Russet-mantled Softtail VU, 049 x 1c x Piaya cayana Squirrel 1,2 Margarornis squamiger Pearled Treerunner x x 1 1c,2 x Crotophaga sulcirostris Groove-billed x Premnornis guttuligera Rusty-winged Barbtail x Bubo virginianus x Premnoplex brunnescens Spotted Barbtail x 2c Glaucidium jardinii Andean Pygmy Owl 1r 1r Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii Streaked Tuftedcheek x x 1.2 x Megascops albogularis White-throated Screech Owl 2 Philydor rufus Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner x,r 2 Ciccaba albitarsis Rufous-banded Owl x 1 1 Thripadectes scrutator Rufous-backed Treehunter x,c 1 1 Pulsatrix melanota Band-bellied Owl 2r Xenops rutilans Streaked Xenops 2 Uropsalis segmentata Swallow-tailed Nightjar ? 1rc x Cercomacra nigrescens Blackish Antbird 2r Streptoprocne zonaris White-collared 1,2 1 Thamnophilus ruficapilla Rufous-capped Antshrike x x Aeronautes montivagus White-tipped Swift x Formicarius rufipectus Rufous-breasted Antthrush 2 Phaetornis guy Green Hermit 2c Grallaria ruficapilla Chestnut-crowned Antpitta x x 1,2 1 Colibri thalassinus Green Violetear x x ? x Grallaria andicola Stripe-headed Antpitta 2 r Thalurania furcata Fork-tailed Woodnymph 2c Grallaria carrikeri Pale-billed Antpitta 049 1 r x Amazilia chionogaster White-bellied Hummingbird x Grallaria przewalskii Rusty-tinged Antpitta 049 1 x Adelomyia melanogenys Speckled Hummingbird x 2c Grallaria quitensis atuensis Tawny Antpitta 1,2 Heliodoxa leadbeateri Violet-fronted Brilliant 2c Grallaria rufula obscura Rufous Antpitta 1c,2 1c,2 Lafresnaya lafresnayi Mountain Velvetbreast x x 1c Grallaria squamigera Undulated Antpitta 1,2 Pterophanes cyanopterus Great Sapphirewing 2 Conopophaga castaneiceps Coeligena coeligena x 2c Chestnut-crowned Gnateater 2c Coeligena iris 046 x Scytalopus macropus Large-footed Tapaculo 049 1c Coeligena torquata 1 1 x Scytalopus altirostris Neblina Tapaculo 1r x Coeligena violifer Violet-throated Starfrontlet 1 1c Scytalopus acutirostris Tschudi’s Tapaculo 1r Ensifera ensifera Sword-billed Hummingbird x 1 Scytalopus atratus Northern White-crowned Tapaculo 2c Boissonneaua matthewsii Chestnut-breasted Coronet x Elaenia flavogaster Yellow-bellied Elaenia 1? Heliangelus amethysticollis Amethyst-throated Sunangel 1 1c x Elaenia obscura Highland Elaenia x Heliangelus viola Purple-throated Sunangel 046 x Mecocerculus leucophrys White-throated Tyrannulet x 2 x Eriocnemis luciani Sapphire-vented Puffleg 1c Mecocerculus poecilocercus White-tailed Tyrannulet x x x Lesbia nuna Green-tailed Trainbearer x Mecocerculus stictopterus White-banded Tyrannulet x x 1,2 1,2 x Ocreatus underwoodii Booted Racket-tail 1c Serpophaga cinerea Torrent Tyrannulet 1 Ramphomicron microrhynchum Purple-backed Thornbill 1c Anairetes parulus Tufted Tit-Tyrant x 2 Metallura theresiae Coppery Metaltail 048 2 1c x Anairetes flavirostris Yellow-billed Tit-Tyrant 2 Metallura tyrianthina Tyrian Metaltail x 1 1c,2 Mionectes striaticollis Streak-necked Flycatcher x 2c Chalcostigma ruficeps Rufous-capped Thornbill x 1c x Phylloscartes poecilotis Variegated Bristle Tyrant 1,2

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Cotinga 29 New records of birds from the northern Cordillera Central of Peru

Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus Cnemoscopus rubrirostris Grey-hooded Bush Tanager x 1,2 Cinnamon-breasted Tody-Tyrant NT 2 Hemispingus atropileus Black-capped Hemispingus x 1 1,2 x Pseudotriccus ruficeps Rufous-headed Pygmy Tyrant Hemispingus frontalis Oleaginous Hemispingus x Todirostrum cinereum Common Tody-Flycatcher 1 Hemispingus rufosuperciliaris Tolmomyias sulphurescens Yellow-olive Flatbill 2 Rufous-browed Hemispingus 049 VU 1c 1c Myiobius villosus Tawny-breasted Flycatcher 2c Hemispingus superciliaris Superciliaried Hemispingus x x 1,2 1c,2 x Myiophobus ochraceiventris Hemispingus xanthophthalmus Drab Hemispingus x x 1,2 1c x Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher x 1 1c Thlypopsis ornata Rufous-chested Tanager x x 1 1 Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea Cinnamon Flycatcher x x 1,2 1c x Lanio fulvus Fulvous Shrike-Tanager 2 Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher 2 Creurgops verticalis Rufous-crested Tanager x 2 Contopus fumigatus Smoke-coloured Pewee x 1 x 1 Trichothraupis melanops Black-goggled Tanager 2c Contopus sordidulus/virens Piranga rubriceps Red-hooded Tanager x Western/ 1,2 Piranga flava 1,2 Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris thoracica Calochaetes coccineus Vermilion Tanager 1 Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant x 1 x Thraupis cyanocephala Blue-capped Tanager 1 Ochthoeca fumicolor Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant x 1,2 x Thraupis episcopus Blue-grey Tanager x 1 Ochthoeca pulchella Golden-browed Chat-Tyrant x 1 Buthraupis montana Hooded Mountain Tanager 1 1 x Ochthoeca rufipectoralis Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant x 1,2 1c,2 x Anisognathus igniventris Colonia colonus Long-tailed Tyrant 1 Scarlet-breasted Mountain Tanager x 1 1,2 x Agriornis montana Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant x Anisognathus lacrymosus Lacrimose Mountain Tanager 1 x Muscisaxicola griseus Taczanowski’s Ground Tyrant x Iridosornis reinhardti Yellow-scarfed Tanager 049 1 1c x Myiarchus tuberculifer Dusky-capped Flycatcher x Euphonia xanthogaster Orange-bellied Euphonia 2 Myiarchus cephalotes Pale-edged Flycatcher x Chlorochrysa calliparaea Orange-eared Tanager 2c Hirundinea ferruginea Cliff Flycatcher 2 Dubusia taeniata Buff-breasted Mountain Tanager 1 x Conopias cinchoneti Lemon-browed Flycatcher 1,2 Tangara arthus Golden Tanager 2 Tyrannus melancholicus x 1,2 Tangara chilensis Paradise Tanager 2 Pachyramphus versicolor 1 Tangara cyanicollis Blue-necked Tanager 2 Ampelion rubrocristatus Red-crested Cotinga x 1,2 Tangara gyrola Bay-headed Tanager 2 Pipreola arcuata 1 x Tangara punctata Spotted Tanager 2 Pipreola riefferii Green-and-black Fruiteater 1 x Tangara nigroviridis Beryl-spangled Tanager x x Rupicola peruviana Andean Cock-of-the-Rock 2 Tangara vassorii Blue-and-black Tanager x 1 x Notiochelidon cyanoleuca Blue-and-white Swallow x x 1 2 1 Tangara viridicollis Silver-backed Tanager x x Notiochelidon murina Brown-bellied Swallow x 1 x Tangara xanthocephala Saffron-crowned Tanager 2 Anthus bogotensis Páramo Pipit x 2 x Cyanerpes caeruleus Purple Honeycreeper 2 Cinclus leucocephalus White-capped Dipper x Nephelornis oneilli Pardusco 049 1 1c x Cinnycerthia peruana 1,2 1c x Xenodacnis parina Tit-like Dacnis x Cistothorus platensis Grass Wren x 1 1 Diglossa albilatera White-sided Flowerpiercer x 1c,2 Thryothorus euophrys schulenbergi Plain-tailed Wren 1 1,2 1,2 Diglossa brunneiventris Black-throated Flowerpiercer 1c aedon 1c 1 Diglossa cyanea x x 1,2 1,2 x Troglodytes solstitialis Mountain Wren x x 1 1c,2 x Diglossa mystacalis x 1,2 1c,2 Henicorhina leucophrys Grey-breasted Wood Wren x? x 2 Parula pitiayumi Tropical Parula 1 ralloides Andean x Dendroica fusca 1 Catharus fuscater Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush x Setophaga ruticilla 2 Catharus ustulatus Swainson’s Thrush 2c Wilsonia canadensis Canada Warbler 2 Turdus fuscater Great Thrush x x 1,2 1,2 x Myioborus melanocephalus Spectacled Whitestart x x 1,2 1,2 x 1,2 Turdus nigriceps Slaty Thrush x Myioborus miniatus Slate-throated Whitestart x Zonotrichia capensis Rufous-collared Sparrow x x 1,2 x Basileuterus coronatus Russet-crowned Warbler x x Phrygilus plebejus Ash-breasted Sierra Finch x Basileuterus luteoviridis Citrine Warbler x x 1,2 1c x Phrygilus unicolor Plumbeous Sierra Finch x x Basileuterus nigrocristatus Black-crested Warbler x rustica 1c Basileuterus tristriatus Three-striped Warbler x Sporophila luctuosa Black-and-white Seedeater x Conirostrum albifrons Capped Conebill x 1,2 1 x Atlapetes latinuchus latinuchus Conirostrum sitticolor Blue-backed Conebill x 1,2 1c,2 x Yellow-breasted Brush Finch x x 1c,2 1,2 x Psarocolius angustifrons Russet-backed Oropendola 1,2 Atlapetes torquatus Stripe-headed Brush Finch 1 1,2 x leucophrys Brown-capped Vireo x Cissopis leveriana Tanager 2 Hylophilus olivaceus Olivaceous Greenlet 2 Catamblyrhynchus diadema Plushcap 1 x Cyclarhis gujanensis Rufous-browed Peppershrike x x 1 Pheucticus chrysogaster Yellow Grosbeak x Cacicus holosericeus Yellow-billed Cacique 1 1c,2 2 Chlorornis riefferii Grass-green Tanager x 1 x Cacicus (leucoramphus) chrysonotus Mountain Cacique x x 1 1 x Sericossypha albocristata White-capped Tanager x x Carduelis magellanica Hooded Siskin x Chlorospingus ophthalmicus Common Bush Tanager x Cyanolyca (viridicyana) viridicyana Collared Jay x x 1 x Chlorospingus parvirostris Cyanocorax yncas x 1,2 Yellow-whiskered Bush Tanager x Chlorospingus flavigularis Yellow-throated Bush Tanager 2

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