Geographical-Political Aspects of the Transborder Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage
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UNIVERSITY OF ŁÓDŹ Department of Political Geography and Regional Studies GOVERNMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Silesian Institute in Opole SILESIAN INSTITUTE SOCIETY GEOGRAPHICAL-POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSBORDER CONSERVATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE Practice in the field of the transborder heritage conservation REGION AND REGIONALISM No. 12 vol. 2 edited by Krystian Heffner Łódź–Opole 2015 REVIEWER prof. dr hab. Stanisław Koziarski prof. dr hab. Tadeusz Marszał MANAGING EDITOR Anna Araszkiewicz COVER Marek Jastrzębski MAPS AND FIGURES Anna Wosiak ENGLISH VERIFICATION BY Jarosław Sawiuk The publication co-financed from founds of the Faculty of Geographical Sciences of Łódź University ISBN 978-83-7126-312-5 PAŃSTWOWY INSTYTUT NAUKOWY – INSTYTUT ŚLĄSKI W OPOLU In memory of prof. Mariusz Kulesza, Head of the Department of Political Geography and Regional Studies, University of Lodz, who died prematurely on August 6, 2014 – a wonderful, unforgettable colleague and author of numerous articles published in various volumes of Region and Regionalism CONTENTS Foreword (Krystian Heffner) .................................................................................... 5 Section I TRANSBORDER CONSERVATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN EUROPEAN UNION 9 Krystian HEFFNER and Brygida SOLGA The identification of transborder potentials to social and economic development on the Polish-Czech borderland ............................................................................... 11 Katarzyna LEŚNIEWSKA and Marek SOBCZYŃSKI Geographical and political aspects of the Czech-Polish transborder conservation of natural and cultural heritage of the Karkonosze Mountains ................................ 25 Magdalena JABŁOŃSKA and Anna KLIMEK Geographical and political aspects of the transborder conservation of natural and cultural heritage in historical transborder regions of Spiš and Orava in Poland and Slovakia .................................................................................................................... 43 Magdalena DEPTUŁA Carpathian Roma – cultural identity at risk .............................................................. 67 Ewa DAWIDEJT-DROBEK and Wiesław DROBEK Protection of the transborder heritage in Euroregion Praded ................................... 79 Section II CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE IN THE FIELD OF THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ALL OVER THE WORLD 99 Antonio VIOLANTE The conservation of a pluricultural heritage in Banja Luka ..................................... 101 Mirosława CZERNY and Andrzej CZERNY Borders or flow corridors? South American dilemmas with the protection of cultural heritage .................................................................................................... 117 Marta CHMIELEWSKA Conservation of post-industrial cultural heritage in Europe in local and global context ...................................................................................................................... 133 No. 12 FOREWORD The border areas in many European Union countries are the zones where both, areas of significant natural value and areas important due to the heritage and cultural values associated with functioning of traditional local communities and ethnic and minorities groups, are preserved. In condition of further opening of European Union countries and growing economic cooperation, the new ways to use the potential of cross-border areas also emerged, intensifying existing forms of cooperation. In the second part of volume 12 of the series Region and Regionalism – Practice in the field of the transborder heritage conservation, a total number of 8 articles were selected into two thematic groups. The first group, entitled Trans- border conservation of natural and cultural heritage in the European Union, consists of the article written by Krystian Heffner and Brygida Solga (University of Economics in Katowice, PIN – Silesian Institute in Opole) entitled The iden- tification of transborder potentials to social and economic development on the Polish-Czech borderland, in which Polish and Czech achievements in the field of cross-border conservation of cultural heritage before Poland and the Czech Republic entered the EU were analyzed. The achievements proved to be a good basis to initiate actions in order to intensify the use of local assets for the purposes of social, economic and tourist character. In another study entitled Geographical and political aspects of the Czech-Polish transborder conserva- tion of natural and cultural heritage of the Karkonosze Mountains by Katarzyna Leśniewska and Marek Sobczyński (University of Łódź) the attention was drawn into the problems of cross-border environmental protection (national parks, reservations, natural monuments), and the dominance of these issues over other forms of cross-border cooperation. They are still in the initial phase and are carried out almost completely separately by the two neighbouring countries, especially when it comes to the guidelines for the conservation of cultural 6 Foreword heritage. A similar topic is debated in the article of Magdalena Jabłońska and Anna Klimek (University of Łódź) entitled Geographical and political aspects of the transborder conservation of natural and cultural heritage in historical transborder regions of Spiš and Orava in Poland and Slovakia. The analysis of completed projects and undertaken activities indicates that cooperation between both countries in the field of cultural heritage protection is more enhanced, which derives from the uniformity of the cultural zone of Polish-Slovak border area. The same borderline area (Polish-Slovak) is discussed by Magdalena Deptuła (University of Łódź), who in article Carpathian Roma – cultural iden- tity at risk, is analyzing, as a case study, the Roma minority group from tribe Bergitka Roma, strongly affected by social stigma and living in the southern Poland. The last article in this part – Protection of the transborder heritage in the Euroregion Praděd was written by Ewa Dawidejt-Drobek and Wiesław Drobek (PIN – Silesian Institute in Opole, Opole University of Technology). The article, almost entirely, deals with the problems of protection of cultural heritage in the area of Czech-Polish border in the Opolskie Voivodeship and Olomoucký kraj (Olomouc Region), where many of local administrative units are belonging to the Euroregion Praděd. The cases both from the cities and the rural areas are analyzed. In the second group of articles, covering Contemporary practice in the field of the conservation of natural and cultural heritage all over the world, the elaboration of Antonio Violante (University of Milan) was included, a specialist in the field of socio-cultural and spatial problems of countries of the former Yugoslavia (The conservation of a pluricultural heritage in Banja Luka). This article is dedicated to the serious problem of protecting the multicultural heritage in Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The author focused on multicultural city that after the establishment of Bosnia and Herzegovina gained the status of the capital of the Serbian Republic. The text is illustrated with many photo- graphs, maps and diagrams that allow one to better understand the foundation of policies pursued by the state in the relation to the protection of cultural heritage in the city that has become the mono ethnical area after many wars of the 1990s. The second text, written by Mirosława and Andrzej Czerny (University of Warsaw and University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin) concerns the South America: Borders or flows corridors? South American dilemmas with the pro- tection of cultural heritage, where on the example of Peru, the authors indicated the functions and peculiarities of the Andean border zone. In the next article, Marta Chmielewska (University of Silesia) – Conservation of post-industrial cultural heritage in Europe in local and global context, discusses the problems Foreword 7 of conservation of cultural heritage and material heritage of the early capitalism, in the sphere of the early industrial production and mining, mainly on the ex- ample of the Upper Silesia, while taking into account cross-border issues. The authors of the Volume show that the effects of cooperation between EU countries in the border areas – however valuable and meaningful for improving environmental conditions and for preservation and comprehensive use of cultural heritage values – are not sufficient. European funds and the procedures enable to select the most important projects and may lead to a better, sustainable resource management of border areas that so far have been characterized by a distant, unfavourable location and poor development. Krystian Heffner Silesian Institute in Opole University of Economics in Katowice 8 Foreword Section I TRANSBORDER CONSERVATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN EUROPEAN UNION Krystian HEFFNER University of Economics in Katowice, POLAND Brygida SOLGA Governmental Research Institute, Silesian Institute in Opole, POLAND No. 12 THE IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSBORDER POTENTIALS TO SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON THE POLISH-CZECH BORDERLAND 1. INTRODUCTION The breakthrough of the 1980s and 1990s has brought new possibilities of collaboration in the Polish-Czech borderland area. As an outcome, the contacts' revival concerning education, culture, sport, natural environment, and infra- structure has taken place. Together with becoming members of the EU by Poland and Czech Republic and founding some facilities in