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To everything there is a season. Plants thrive in fall’s ideal growing conditions. Gentle rains and cooler soil temperatures rejuvenate summer-stressed plants, preparing them for the winter ahead. You can help, too, by making Osmocote® Smart-Release® Plant Food a regular part of your fall gardening routine. Osmocote adjusts to changing soil temperatures, so your plants always get just the right amount of nutrition. Maybe that’s why passionate gardeners have trusted Osmocote for 40 years – no matter what the season. © 2006, Scotts-Sierra Horticulture Products Company. World rights reserved. www.osmocote.com contents Volume 85, Number 6 . N ovem ber / Decem ber 2006 F EATURES DEPARTMEN T S 5 ON THE ROAD WITH AHS 6 NEWS FROM AHS 2006 AHS Gala, changes to AHS Board of Directors, Children’s Garden makeover, newest AHS Corporate Partner, APGA conference coming to Washington, D.C., new well for River Farm. 12 AHS NEWS SPECIAL: FASHION IN BLOOM Highlights from this year’s plant displays at River Farm. 15 AHS NEWS SPECIAL: AMERICA IN BLOOM Community beautification was celebrated pagepap gege 1616 at this year’s AIB awards banquet. 42 ONE ON ONE WITH… 16 FROM BACKYARD TO BIG TIME BY DOREEN G. HOWARD Rosalind Creasy, edible You don’t have to be a plant breeder to find and introduce a best- landscaping trailblazer. selling garden plant. Here are some tips for recognizing, protect- ing, and profiting from a new variety. 44 HABITAT GARDENING The southwestern deserts. 22 ROCKY MOUNTAIN HAIKU BY TOM JENKINS 46 GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK A Denver bonsai garden pays homage to nature, culture, and Innovative holiday tree family. recycling in San Francisco, catmint is named 2007 Perennial Plant of the Year, BETSY STRAUCH ; pagepapagege 4444 26 ANGEL’S TRUMPETS & THORNAPPLES BY RAND B. LEE Australian “fossil” tree now Divinely scented and beautiful in flower, plants in the genera available, booze stunts bulb Brugmansia and Datura are also steeped in legend and lore. growth, aspen die-off puzzles researchers, SUSAN A. ROTH ; awards for Anna Ball, David Lemon, and the Chicago Botanic Garden. 32 GROWING FOR SHOW BY RAY ROGERS 50 GREEN GARAGE® The winner of hundreds of flower Managing your load with wheelbarrows and show ribbons offers a personal garden carts. account of his experiences preparing plants for entry. 52 GIFTS FOR THE GARDENER 54 BOOK REVIEWS 36 DANGEROUSLY PRETTY The Welcoming Garden: Designing Your Own BY KRIS WETHERBEE Front Garden; Teaming With Microbes: A Warnings about plant toxicity are Gardener’s Guide to the Soil Food Web; and Gardening with Heirloom Seeds. sometimes overstated, but there are a few truly poisonous plants you Special focus: Books on public gardens. should know about, especially if pageppaaggee 3636 57 REGIONAL HAPPENINGS you have children or pets. 60 2006 MAGAZINE INDEX ON THE COVER: The bright yellow flowers of the ‘Charles Grimaldi’ cultivar of angel’s trumpet HARDINESS AND HEAT ZONES LOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: COURTESY OF TOM RANNEY / NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY 62 C turn orange as they mature. Photograph by David Cavagnaro AND PRONUNCIATIONS November / December 2006 3 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 7931 East Boulevard Drive Alexandria, VA 22308-1300 (800) 777-7931 fax (703) 768-8700 www.ahs.org Making America a Nation of Gardeners, a Land of Gardens American Horticultural Society President’s Council INTERIM PRESIDENT Tom Underwood CHAIRMAN'S CIRCLE Mr. and Mrs. John H. Ariail, Jr. ■ Mr. Bill Barry ■ Mr. Board of Directors and Mrs. Kurt Bluemel ■ Mr. and Mrs. Edward N. Dane ■ Mrs. Judy Daniel ■ Mrs. Dawn Ford ■ Mr. Gerald T. Halpin ■ Mrs. Minako Henderson ■ Mr. CHAIRMAN Susie Usrey Dayton, Oregon and Mrs. James S. Hutchinson ■ Mr. Robert E. Malesardi ■ Mitchell Petersen FIRST VICE CHAIRMAN Don E. Riddle, Jr. Davidsonville, Maryland Family Foundation, Inc. ■ Ms. Barbara Robinson ■ Mrs. Deen Day Sanders SECOND VICE CHAIRMAN Leslie Ariail Alexandria, Virginia ■ Mr. Phil Snyder ■ Mr. Arnold Steiner ■ Mr. Robert Stohler ■ Mr. and Mrs. SECRETARY Albin MacDonough Plant Baltimore, Maryland W. Bruce Usrey ■ Mrs. Pauline Vollmer ■ Ms. Claire Watson TREASURER Arnold Steiner Birmingham, Alabama IMMEDIATE PAST CHAIR Arabella S. Dane Center Harbor, New Hampshire LIBERTY HYDE BAILEY ASSOCIATES Ms. Sue Dick ■ Mrs. Elisabeth C. Dudley ■ Mr. A. Michael Gellman ■ Mr. and Mrs. Mickey Lynch ■ Mr. and Mrs. Ken Mountcastle ■ Mr. and Mrs. J. Landon Reeve IV ■ Mr. and Mrs. Don E. Allan M. Armitage Athens, Georgia ■ Suzanne Bales Oyster Bay, New York ■ William E. Barrick, Ph.D. Riddle, Jr. ■ Mr. Timothée Sallin ■ Ms. Katy Moss Warner ■ Ms. Harriet Theodore, Alabama ■ Katherine Belk Charlotte, North Carolina ■ Katherine Stark Bull Washington, D.C. Zbikowski ■ John Alex Floyd, Jr. Trussville, Alabama ■ Beverly Hanselman Nashville, Tennessee ■ Carole Hofley Wilson, HAUPT ASSOCIATES Dr. and Mrs. William E. Barrick ■ Mr. and Mrs. C. Wyoming ■ Margaret Kulp Louisville, Kentucky ■ Melissa R. Marshall Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania William Black ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Bogle ■ Mr. Richard C. and Mrs. ■ Carol C. Morrison Palatine, Illinois ■ J. Landon Reeve IV Woodbine, Maryland ■ Harry A. Rissetto, Esq. Katherine Stark Bull ■ Dr. and Mrs. H. Marc Cathey ■ Mrs. Robert Duemling Falls Church, Virginia ■ Michel Sallin Groveland, Florida ■ Jeanne Shields Greenville, Delaware ■ Steven Still ■ Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Hanselman ■ Mrs. Carole S. Hofley ■ Mr. and Hilliard, Ohio ■ Howard McK. Tucker Alexandria, Virginia ■ Robert D. Volk San Marino, California Mrs. Robert E. Kulp, Jr. ■ Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Matheson, Jr. ■ Mr. and ■ Daryl Williams Lake Buena Vista, Florida Mrs. Harold McClendon, Jr. ■ Ms. Christine Perdue ■ Mr. Paul H. Pusey ■ Ms. Michele Richardson ■ Harry A. Rissetto, Esq. ■ Dr. and Mrs. George E. PRESIDENT EMERITUS Katy Moss Warner Staehle ■ Mr. John Wm. Thomas and Mrs. Valerie Thomas ■ Mr. Howard McK. Tucker and Ms. Megan Evans ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Volk 2006 Advisory Council Beverly Hanselman, Nashville, Tennessee – Chair COUNCIL MEMBER’S CIRCLE Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Angino ■ Mr. and Mrs. Carter Bales ■ Nancy J. Becker, M.D. ■ Mrs. Katherine Belk ■ Dr. and Mrs. Clarissa Bonde, Washington D.C. Robert and Joanna Martin, Menlo Park, Colorado Joseph Benedict ■ Mr. Phillip Bermingham ■ Dr. Joel Birnbaum ■ Mrs. Anne Boucher, Silver Spring, Maryland Mrs. Malcolm Matheson, Mt. Vernon, Virginia George P. Bissell, Jr. ■ Dr. Sherran Blair ■ Count and Countess Peder Bonde Walter Bull, Columbia, South Carolina Egon Molbak, Bellevue, Washington ■ Mr. and Mrs. Michael T. Bradshaw ■ Mrs. Anne Bucher ■ Mr. and Mrs. Elaine Burden, Middleburg, Virginia Dean Norton, Mt. Vernon, Virginia Cason Callaway, Jr. ■ Mrs. Susan M. Cargill ■ Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Carr Patty Bush, St. Louis, Missouri Nancy Keen Palmer, Nashville, Tennessee ■ Mr. and Mrs. James L. Corfield ■ Mr. and Mrs. Edward Daisey ■ Mr. and Dr. H. Marc Cathey, Davidson, North Carolina Bob Patterson, Washington D.C. Mrs. James F. Delano ■ Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas Demisay ■ Ms. Doris Diman Fred Clapp, Alexandria, Virginia Dr. Julia W. Rappaport, Santa Ana, California ■ William P. G. Dodson, D.D.S. ■ Mrs. Beverley W. Dunn ■ Dr. and Mrs. Russell Clark, Boston, Massachusetts Deen Day Sanders, Norcross, Georgia John A. Floyd, Jr. ■ Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Garcia ■ Prudence Gilmore ■ Mr. Bartie Cole, Owings Mills, Maryland David Shultz, St. Cloud, Florida John Sward Gleiber ■ Mr. and Mrs. Joel Goldsmith ■ Mr. and Mrs. John H. Jim Corfield, Geneva, Illinois Josephine Shanks, Houston, Texas Guy, IV ■ Mrs. Richard W. Hamming ■ Dr. and Mrs. William O. Hargrove Virginia Hill Daisey, Dedham, Massachusetts Barbara Shea, Baltimore, Maryland ■ Mr. and Mrs. Max Hartl ■ Mr. and Mrs. Brent Heath ■ Mr. and Mrs. Edward N. Dane, Center Harbor, New Hampshire Holly Shimizu, Glen Echo, Maryland Richard F. Hohlt ■ Mr. and Mrs. Brian E. Holley ■ Mr. and Mrs. Allan L. David and Kitty Ferguson, Westwood, Massachusetts Charles Henry Smith, Jr., Middleburg, Virginia Holmstrom ■ Mrs. Elizabeth Hooff ■ Mr. and Mrs. Peter Hopkinson ■ Mr. Ben Griswold, Glyndon, Maryland Regina Smith, Middleburg, Virginia and Mrs. Albert Huddleston ■ Mr. Philip Huey ■ Mr. Henry Jameson ■ Mr. Henry Jameson, East Sound, Washington Nancy Thomas, Houston, Texas and Mrs. Robert B. Lindsay ■ Ms. Joann Luecke ■ Mr. and Mrs. Randolph Dr. Richard W. Lighty, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Bryan Thomlison, Haddonfield, New Jersey Marshall ■ Mrs. Dorothy Marston ■ Mr. George Cole S. McCray ■ Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay, Ponte Vedra, Florida Pauline Vollmer, Baltimore, Maryland Rachel L. Mellon ■ Mrs. Rosalyn Milbrandt ■ Mr. and Mrs. Egon Molbak ■ Mickey Lynch, Dunmore, Pennsylvania Joyce and Harvey White, Nashville, Tennessee Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Moore ■ Dr. and Mrs. David E. Morrison ■ Mr. and Robert E. Malesardi, Easton, Maryland Joannah Williams, Sebring, Florida Mrs. William J. Moss ■ Mrs. Shirley Ann Nicolai ■ Ms. Cristin M. O’Hara ■ Barbara McClendon, Alexandria, Virginia Sheryl Wood, Middleburg, Virginia Mr. and Mrs. William G. Pannill ■ Mr. and Mrs. Albin MacDonough Plant ■ Stu McMichael and Lucinda Crabtree, Mrs. Charles Price ■ Mr. and Mrs. William A. Pusey ■ Mr. and Mrs. William Falls Church, Virginia Seale, Jr. ■ Mrs. Josephine M. Shanks ■ Jeanne Shields ■ Mr. and Mrs. Charles Corporate Partners Henry Smith, Jr. ■ Mr. and Mrs. William M. Spencer ■ Mrs. Juliet Sproul ■ Mr. Harold Stahly ■ Ms. Lida M. Stifel ■ Dr. and Mrs. Steven Still ■ Mr. and The Care of Trees ■ Chapel Valley Landscape Company ■ Cherry Lake Tree Farm Mrs. John B. Strasenburgh ■■Mr. and
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  • Chemical Composition of the Seeds of Datura Innoxia

    Chemical Composition of the Seeds of Datura Innoxia

    IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 3 Issue 2, February 2016. www.ijiset.com ISSN 2348 – 7968 Chemical composition of the seeds of Datura innoxia 1 2 1 2 Kendeson Anawuese ChristianaP ,P Iloka Gabriel SundayP ,P Bulama Joshua SamailaP P andP P Dashak Albert DayilP .P 1 2 P DepartmentP of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Kashere, P.M.B 0182, Gombe, Nigeria. P DepartmentP of Chemistry, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084, Jos, Nigeria. Correspondence Author: [email protected] Abstract The elemental analysis carried out on the seeds of the plant Datura innoxia showed the presence of phosphorus, nitrogen and chlorine. The moisture content was determined and found to be 6.61% ± 0.16. The ash content was 3.08% ± 0.13. The total carbohydrate and reducing sugar contents were determined and found to be 25.07% ± 0.88 and 21.69% ± 1.11 respectively. The lignin content was found to be 5.58% ± 0.16 while the crude fibre content was determined to be 42.42% ± 0.02. The percentage crude protein was found to be 8.64% ± 0.05, and the nitrogen content was determined to be 1.52% ±0.01. The non-polar and polar fat contents were found to be 18.24% ± 0.33 and 23.51% ± 0.25 respectively. The mineral composition of the Datura innoxia was determined and found to contain Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb. The K, Mg and Ca contents were found to be 3450, 2500, and 2000 mg/100g respectively.