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Top-Up Experience at SPEAR3 Contents • SPEAR 3 and the injector • Top-up requirements • Hardware systems and modifications • Safety systems & injected beam tracking • Interlocks & Diagnostics SPEAR3 Accelerator Complex NEXAFS XAFS PX PX PX PD/XAS SAXS/PX XAS/TXM 3GeV 10nm-rad 500 mA BTS ARPES 5W, 1.6nA 10Hz Single bunch/pulse Coherent Environment XAS Booster LINAC/RF Gun 3GeV Injector E (White Circuit) N S W Top ‘off’ at SPEAR3 o Rebuild SPEAR into SPEAR3 (1999-2003) o Operated at 100mA for ~6 years (beam line optics) o Recently increased to 200mA o Chamber components get hot at 500ma (450kW SR, impedance) o 500mA program suspended because of power load transient on beam line optics o Instead worked to top-off mode (beam decay mode, fill-on-fill) RF system and vacuum chamber rated for 500ma Present Status o 13 exit ports taking SR (9 Insertion Device, 4 Dipole) o 7 ID ports presently in „fill-on-fill‟ open shutter mode o 4 dipole beam lines open shutter injection by end of October 2009 o Last two ID shutters fill-on-fill by June 2010 o Trickle charge 2011 100mA and 500mA Operation SPEAR 3 100 vs. 500 mA Fill Scenarios lifetime = 14 h @ 500 mA ~6.5 Amp-hr = 60 h @ 100 mA 500 450 500ma 400 =180ma 350 300 250 200 current (mA) current 150 100ma 100 50 =12ma 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 time (hrs) 500mA Injection Scenarios delivery time = 8 hr delivery time = 2 hr tfill = ~6-7 min tfill = ~1.5-2 min SPEAR 3 500 mA Fill Scenario SPEAR 3 500 mA Fill Scenario lifetime = 14 h @ 500 mA lifetime = 14 h @ 500 mA 500 500 450 450 400 400 350 350 300 300 delivery time = 1 min 250 delivery time = 0.5 hr 250 200 current (mA) current 200 t = ~0.5 sec current (mA) current fill tfill = ~17 sec 150 150 (or 10ms single shot) 100 100 50 50 0 0 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 time (hrs) time (hrs) • Gun Hardware Upgrades o higher current o stablize emission rate o “laser-assisted” emission • Linac o restore 2nd klystron B120 B116- 101 (higher energy, feedback) B117 RF control HVP o phase-lock linac and booster rf room S B131 B118 • Booster power SLM supplies B132-101 room o improve capture with modified lattice B132-102 RF o improve orbit and tune monitors o develop fast turn-on mode BTS • BTS B130 o eliminate vacuum windows (done) LTB 120 MeV o diagnostics linac • SPEAR 3 GeV B140 o add shielding, interlocks Booster o improve kicker response o transverse feedback • Beamlines o add shielding, interlocks o timing SPEAR3 Injection Notes • Vertical Lambertson septum (booster outside ring) - operates DC, skew quadrupole added • Three magnet bump • ~15 mm amplitude, ~12mm separation • Injection across three cells (sextupoles) • Slotted stripline kickers (DELTA, low impedance) • Transverse field dependence in K2 Injected beam Stored beam Plan view Elevation view Hardware Upgrade: BTS Windows With windows: ~20% beam loss No windows: ~no loss Septum wallSeptum Septum wallSeptum Huang & Safranek Injected beam profile measurements Turn number Visible diagnostic beam line Movies… Hardware upgrade: Injection Timing and Energy • Synchrotron oscillations measured with turn-by-turn BPMs: Before correction After correction • Kickers set to dump injected beam each cycle • Injection energy stable • Injection time varies over hours – RF cable temperature • Develop method to measure timing with stored beam Huang, Safranek & Sebek Hardware upgrade: Injection Bump Closure • Kickers can interrupt data acquisition o What is interruption sequence? • depends on current ripple, beam lifetime and charge/shot • bunch train filling needs new booster RF system o Gated data acquisition H Single shot injection kicker transient = ~10 ms (~0.1 ms with feedback) V o Tests with beam lines no complaints o Lots of work mSto match kicker waveforms Huang & Safranek Hardware Upgrade: PEP-II Bunch Current Monitor downconverter schematic downconverter chassis bunch-by-bunch processor chassis - visible APD (ASP) - x-ray APD (CLS) A.S.Fisher Hardware Upgrade: Thermionic Cathode as a Photo-Emitter Nominal configuration 1.5 cell RF gun Tungsten dispenser-cathode e- beam (1000 C) 2.856 GHz (2 s) ► S-band RF gun with thermionic cathode, alpha magnet, and chopper ► Most charge during the 2 μs RF pulse stopped at the chopper ► 5-6 S-band buckets pass into the linac, single booster bucket ► SPEAR3 single bunch injection, 10Hz presently ~50pC/shot Photo-emission cathode (cont’d) Laser-driven configuration 1.5 cell RF gun e- beam (~500ps) cold-cathode UV or green laser 2.856 GHz (~2 s) 1.5W heating Cu S.Gierman ► high singe-bunch charge for top-off UV Green - reduce beam loading in linac - eliminate cathode back bombardment Sara Thorin/MAXLab, EPAC'08 - eliminate chopper 'Turning the thermionic gun into a photo injector has been very successful ' The Injected Beam Safety Dilemma • Radiation Safety: the first hurdle o AP studies to demonstrate injected beam can not escape shielding o Many clever scenarios (dreams and zebras) o BL shielding sufficient? (higher average current, more bremsstrahlung) o PPS/BCS interlock modifications o Do users wear badges? • Efficient injection into main ring o Injection time, charge/shot, repetition rate Safety is complicated! Synchrotron Radiation Exit Ports SPEAR3 DBA cell 18 Vacuum Chamber Construction BPMs V3 MASK V4 MASK 220 L/S H2 ABSORBER ION PUMP V1, V2 MASKS ID BPM TSP H1 ABSORBER BM-1 H3 ABSORBER BPM QFC TSP BPM 220 L/S BELLOWS ION PUMP BPM 150 L/S TSPs ION PUMP BELLOWS BM-2 BPM ADDITIONAL BPM SET 24 mm 18.8 mm 13 mm ID BPM EDDY CURRENT BREAK 44.2 34 mm mm 84 mm Photon Beam Exit Channel outside absorber inside absorber photon beam e- beam A Closer Look… Top-Up with Safety Shutters Open Fixed Ratchet Wall Stored Beam Mask Injected Beam X-Rays NORMAL X-Rays Stored Beam Injected Beam X-Rays SAFE X-Rays Injected Beam Stored Beam Injected Beam X-Rays ACCIDENT X-Rays Injected Beam 22 Is this a real possibility? Stored Beam Injected Beam X-Rays ACCIDENT Injected Beam Experimental X-Rays Floor Shield Wall •Bad magnet fields •Bad steering, energy Simulation is necessary! 23 SSRL Approach to Calculations Incoming Beam SPEAR3 Magnets Beamline Fixed Fixed Comb Ratchet A1 A2 Mask I Mask II Mask 9.1 Wall CM INSERTION DEVICE QF QD BEND SD Stored Beam on design orbit •No assumptions •No magnetic field about initial steering Start Field simulation region Safe Point Endpoint•Straight trajectories •All physical positions and angles possible Beamline Apertures Vacuum Chamber •Energy errors! Radiation Masks • Wide fringe fields A.Terebilo Forward Propagation Only Fixed Mask A2 Aperture Ratchet Wall (2-ft Concrete) Injected Beam A1 Aperture Stored Beam Chamber boundary 25 Trajectories in Phase Space vacuum chamber acceptance fixed mask -0.08 -0.1 Phase Space at Z = Fixed Mask Phase Space at Z = Ratchet Wall -0.12 spread in angles Fixed Mask Opening o -0.14 10 bend Ratchet Wall Opening -0.16 (far fringe field) X' [rad] -0.18 -0.2 Horizontal Angle (rad) Angle Horizontal -0.22 -0.24 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 X [m] Horizontal Position (m) 26 Evolution of allowed phase space A1 A2 Fixed Ratchet Mask I Wall X-Rays to Beamline BPM 7 BPM 1 Insertion Device QF QD BEND SD HCOR Stored Beam on design orbit 1 0.05 Initial: A1 and BPM7 0.8 After BPM1 0.04 0.6 0.03 0.4 0.02 0.2 0.01 X' [rad] 0 X' [rad] 0 -0.2 -0.01 BPM1 -0.4 -0.02 After QF A2 -0.6 -0.03 Dipole Entrance -0.8 -0.04 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 X [m] X [m] Allowed Phase Space in BL coordinates 0.1 -0.08 Dipole Entrance Z = SD exit Dipole Exit -0.1 0.08 Z = Fixed Mask SD Exit Z = Ratchet Wall -0.12 0.06 -0.14 0.04 -0.16 X' [rad] 0.02 X' [rad] -0.18 0 -0.2 -0.02 -0.22 -0.04 -0.24 27 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 X [m] X [m] The Metric: Separation in Phase Space to Apertures -0.08 -0.1 Phase Space at Z = Fixed Mask Phase Space at Z = Ratchet Wall -0.12 Fixed Mask Opening -0.14 Ratchet Wall Opening -0.16 X' [rad] -0.18 -0.2 -0.22 -0.24 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 X [m] 28 The Extreme Ray Beamline Axis A1 BPM 7 ID BPM 1 A2 Extreme Ray QF QD BEND SD Stored Beam on design orbit beamBeamline pipe w/apertures apertures and the most severely mis-steered beam 0 -0.2 Separation at ratchet wall BL4 Fixed Mask BL5 -0.4 BL6 BL7 -0.6 BL9 BL10 rise/run ~ -0.1 rad BL11 -0.8 mis-steered beam Offset [m] Offset Extreme Ray -1 BL apertures and Extreme and Ray BL position [m]apertures -1.2 All other Trajectories -1.4 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Position alongZ [m] beam line [m] 29 Condition for ‘Abnormal’ Scenario special SLAC interpretation Large SPEAR3 magnet field error - and/or - Large injected beam energy error - AND - “extensive intentional steering” 30 Parameter Sensitivity 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 BL5 BL6 BL7 -0.6 BL9 BL10 BL11 -0.8 Nominal B/B = -10% BL aperture and Extremeand Ray BL position aperture [m] B/B = -50% -1 B/B = -60% -1.2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Z[m] from ID center Parameter To Pass Beyond Fixed To Pass Beyond Target Value for Mask Ratchet Wall Interlock Limit EINJ/ESPEAR +59% +100% +10% B/B -48% -60% -1% (-10%) QF -100% Only with polarity -25% reversed QD +300% 55% (PS Limit) HCOR 22 mrad 30 mrad 3mrad (2 x PS Limit) Alignment of Apertures is Critical Ratchet Wall A2 A1 X-Rays to Beamline A3 Insertion Device QF QD BEND SD HCOR PM Stored Beam on design orbit SPEAR Beamline-Specific Apertures Aperture +60 / -43 mm +50 / -43 mm BL9: +112 / -101 mm Mechanical Drawings & Tolerances Experimental Floor x x x Fixed Mask Ring ID source Aperture Documentation Periodic checks More documentation 33 Dose Calculations & Testing mis-steer and measure… Bauer & Liu ‘Hazard Mitigation’ Passive Systems -Limiting apertures in transport line (BTS) -Limiting apertures in SPEAR3 and beam lines - Permanent magnets for dipole beam lines Active Systems (Redundant Interlocks) - Injection energy interlock - BTS dipole supply - SPEAR3 magnet supplies - Stored beam interlock - Radiation detectors at each beam line 35 Interlock Hierarchy Hardware Interlock Envelope (reportable incident) Software Alarm Envelope Software Monitor Envelope path 1 A B *path 2 * A Rastafarian Logic Table Corbett & Schmerge SPEAR3 Operating Sequence 1.
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  • JUNE TIMETABLE 2018 - It’S Tour Month! Central YMCA TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD | Mob45 Farringdon | Glasshill Studios SOUTHWARK

    JUNE TIMETABLE 2018 - It’S Tour Month! Central YMCA TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD | Mob45 Farringdon | Glasshill Studios SOUTHWARK

    JUNE TIMETABLE 2018 - It’s Tour Month! Central YMCA TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD | Mob45 Farringdon | Glasshill studios SOUTHWARK MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 Bank holiday SWEAT DIVA diva No classes BOSS: Ariana Grande COMMERCIAL No classes All levels BEGINNER All levels Beginner All levels 19:00 - 19:45 18.30-19.30 18:30-19.30 13:30-14.30: No Tears Left To cry 14.00-15.00 DE-STRESS HIP POP Commercial FIERCE FEMALES: NICKI MINAJ VS. CARDI B Janet Jackson ‘ICON’ BBMA Medley All levels INTERMEDIATE All Levels Beginner ALL LEVELS 19:45 - 20:30 19:30 - 20:30 19:30 - 20:30 14:30 - 16:00: CHUN LI | I LIKE IT FT J BALVIN 15.00-16.30: Nasty | If | Throb POWER Express session: Todrick Hall ***Heels All levels Intermediate 18.30-19.45 13.30-14.30: Dem Beats Stefflon Don Intermediate 14:30 - 16:00: Senseless Vs. Bum Bum Tam Tam 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pop SWEAT DIVA diva No classes BOSs: Neyo ft. Bebe Rexha, stefflon don COMMERCIAL All levels All levels BEGINNER All levels BeGINNER All levels 19.15-20.15 19:00 - 19:45 18.30-19.30 18:30-19.30 13.30 - 14.30: Push Back 14.00-15.00 COMMERCIAL DE-STRESS HIP POP Commercial Feminist af: Beyoncé The Greatest Showman vs. HAMILTON All levels All levels INTERMEDIATE All Levels Beginner ALL LEVELS 20.00-21.00 19:45 - 20:30 19:30 - 20:30 19:30 - 20:30 14:30 - 16:00: Bow Down | ***FLawless | Feeling Myself 15.00-16.30: This Is Me | Satisfied POWER Express session: Ciara ***HEELs All levels Intermediate 18.30-19.45 13.30-14.30: Goodies Beyoncé Vs.