BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Amnesty International. Ethnic Cleansing on a Historic Scale: the Islamic State Systematic Targeting of Minorities in Northern Iraq. London, UK: Amnesty International, 2014.

Altunışık, Meliha Benli and Özlem Tür. Turkey: Challenges of Continuity and Change. New York: Routledge, 2005.

Babbie, Earl. The Practice of Social Research. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2013.

Baskan, Birol. Turkey and Qatar in the Tangled Geopolitics of the Middle East. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

Blanton, Shannon L., and Charles W. Kegley. World Politics: Trend and Transformation. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2017.

Burchill, Scott, Andrew Linklater, Richard Devetak, Jack Donnelly, Terry Nardin, Matthew Paterson, Christian Reus-Smit, and Jacqui True. Theories of International Relations. 5th ed. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

Burchill, Scott. National Interest in International Relations Theory. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Burke, Jason. The New Threat from Islamic Militancy. London: Vintage, 2016.

Buzan, Barry and Ole W'ver. Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Cleveland, William L., and Martin P. Bunton. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2013.

Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approach 2. Lincoln: SAGE Publications, 2003.

Goldstein, Joshua S., and Jon C. Pevehouse. International Relations. 8th ed. New York: Pearson International Education, 2008.

Işıksal, Hüseyin and Oğuzhan Göksel. Turkey’s Relations with the Middle East: Political Encounters after the Arab Spring. Ankara: Springer International Publishing, 2018.

107 108

Kauppi, Mark V., and Paul R. Viotti. International Relations Theory. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Longman, 2012.

Larrabee, F. Stephen and Angel Rabasa. The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey. Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation, 2008.

Lentner, Howard H. Foreign Policy Analysis: A Comparative and Conceptual Approach. Columbus, Ohio: Bell & Howell Company, 1974.

Morgenthau, Hans J. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. 6th ed. Beijing: Peking University Press, 1997.

Morin, Jean-Frédéric and Jonathan Paquin. Foreign Policy Analysis: A Toolbox. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

Neuman, William Lawrence. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 7th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2014.

Robinson, Thomas W. “National Interest.” in International Politics and Foreign Policy: A Reader in Research and Theory, edited by James N. Rosenau, 182-190. New York: The Free Press, 1969.

Rourke, John T. International Politics on the World Stage. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

Smith, Steve, Amelia Hadfield, and Timothy Dunne. Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Global Economic Prospects: Heightened Tensions, Subdued Investment. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 2019.

Yavuz, M. Hakan. Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

E-Journals

Al-Istrabadi, Feisal and Sumit Ganguly. “Introduction: An End to ISIS?” in The Future of ISIS: Regional and International Implications (Brookings Institution Press). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt1zctt19.4 (accessed April 20, 2019).

Bekdil, Burak. “Turkey's Double Game with ISIS.” Middle East Quarterly 22, no. 3 (Summer 2015). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east- quarterly/pdfs/5317.pdf (accessed October 19, 2019). 109

Hassan, Ahmad Saiful Rijal Bin. “ISIS: Question about its Survival & Ideology.” Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyse 8, no. 5 (May 2016). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26351416 (accessed April 12, 2019).

Larrabee, F. Stephen. “Turkey Rediscovers the Middle East,” Foreign Affairs 86, no. 4 (2007). https://www.jstor.org/stable/20032418 (accessed April 12, 2019).

Lesser, Ian O. “Turkey: “Recessed” Islamic Politics and Convergence with the West.” in The Muslim World After 9/11 (Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation, 2004). http://ezproxy.library.uph.edu:2056/stable/10.7249/mg246af.13 (accessed April 13, 2019).

Lilly, David. “British Reaction to the Munich Crisis.” The Student Historical Journal 25, (1994), http://people.loyno.edu/~history/journal/1993- 4/Lilly.html (accessed September 26, 2019).

Martin, Kevin W. “Syria and Iraq: ISI and Other Actors in Historical Context.” in The Future of ISIS: Regional and International Implications. (Brookings Institution Press). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt1zctt19.4 (accessed April 20, 2019).

Mironova, Vera. “Who Are the ISIS People?” Perspectives on Terrorism 13, no. 1 (February 2019). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26590506 (accessed April 12, 2019).

Oktav, Özden Zeynep and Aycan Çelikaksoy. “The Syrian Refugee Challenge and Turkey's Quest for Normative Power in the Middle East.” International Journal 70, no. 3 (September 2015). https://www.jstor.org/stable/24709440 (accessed April 12, 2019).

Ozeren, Suleyman and Cécile Van De Voorde. “Turkish Hizballah: A Case Study of Radical Terrorism,” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 30, no. 1 (2006) doi:10.1080/01924036.2006.9678747 (accessed April 30, 2019).

Pool, Jeffrey. “Zarqawi's Pledge of Allegiance to al-Qaeda: from Mu'askar al- Battar, issue 21.” Terrorism Monitor 2, no. 24 (December 16, 2004). https://jamestown.org/program/zarqawis-pledge-of-allegiance-to-al-qaeda- from-muasker-al-battar-issue-21-2/ (accessed October 17, 2019).

Sandal, Nukeht. “Apocalypse Soon”: Revolutionary Revanchism of ISIS.” in The Future of ISIS: Regional and International Implications (Brookings 110

Institution Press). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt1zctt19.4 (accessed April 20, 2019).

Speckhard, Anne and Ahmet S. Yayla. “Eyewitness Accounts from Recent Defectors from Islamic State: Why They Joined, What They Saw, Why They Quit.” Perspective on Terrorism 9, no. 6 (2015). http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/475/html (accessed October 23, 2019).

Tarzi, Amin. “Islamic State-Khurasan Province.” in The Future of ISIS: Regional and International Implications (Brookings Institution Press). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt1zctt19.4 (accessed April 20, 2019).

Totten, Michael J. “The Trouble with Turkey: Erdogan, ISIS, and the Kurds.” World Affairs 178, no. 3 (2015). https://www.jstor.org/stable/24888109 (accessed March 29, 2019).

Walt, Stephen M. “Realism and Security,” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, (December 22, 2017). doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.286 (accessed September 3, 2019).

Wirtz, James J. “When Do You Give It a Name?: Theoretical Observations about the ISIS Intelligence Failure.” in The Future of ISIS: Regional and International Implications (Brookings Institution Press). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt1zctt19.4 (accessed April 20, 2019).

Yayla, Ahmet S. “Deadly Interactions.” World Policy Journal. (Winter 2015/16). https://www.icsve.org/deadly-interactions/ (accessed November 1, 2019).

Zhang, Xiaoming. “China's 1979 War with Vietnam: A Reassessment.” The China Quarterly, no. 184 (December 2005): 851-874. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20192542 (accessed September 26, 2019).

Journal Article

Stein, Aaron. “Islamic State Networks in Turkey: Recruitment for the Caliphate, Issue Brief.” Atlantic Council's Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East (October 2016).

Yayla, Ahmet S. “The Reina Nightclub Attack and the Islamic State Threat to Turkey.” CTC Sentinel 10, no. 3 (March 2017): 9-16.

111

Internet Sources

Abdo, Mesya. “A Town Shouldn’t Fight the Islamic State Alone.” The New York Times. (October 29, 2014). https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/29/opinion/turkeys-obstruction-of- kobanis-battle-against-isis.html (accessed November 7, 2019).

Ahmed, Nafeez. “Turkey’s secret pact with Islamic State exposed by operative behind wave of ISIS attacks.” Medium. (July 22, 2016). https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/turkeys-secret-pact-with-islamic- state-exposed-by-operative-behind-wave-of-isis-attacks-6b35d1d29e18 (accessed October 21, 2019).

Al Jazeera. “Turkish Army Shells ISIL in Response to Istanbul Blast.” Al Jazeera. (January 14, 2016). https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/01/turkish-army- shells-isil-response-istanbul-blast-160114133329415.html (accessed February 26, 2019).

Arik, Burcu. “39 Killed in Terror Attack at Istanbul Nightclub.” Anadolu Agency. (January 1, 2017). http://aa.com.tr/en/turkey/39-killed-in-terror-attack-at- istanbul-nightclub/717919 (accessed November 1, 2019).

Arik, Burcu. “Istanbul bomber identified.” Anadolu Agency. (March 20, 2016). https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/istanbul-bomber-identified-/540606 (accessed November 1, 2019).

BBC News. “Islamic State and the Crisis in Iraq and Syria in Maps.” BBC News, (March 28, 2018), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27838034 (accessed February 26, 2019)

———. “Istanbul Ataturk airport attack: 41 dead and more than 230 hurt.” BBC News. (June 29, 2016). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36658187 (accessed November 1, 2019).

———. “Turkey: 'IS suicide bomber' kills 10 in Istanbul Sultanahmet district,” BBC News. (January 12, 2016). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe- 35290760 (accessed November 2, 2019).

———. “Turkey’s downing of Russian warplane—what we know.” BBC News. (December 1, 2015). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east- 34912581 (accessed October 28, 2019). BSAFELAB. “R2PRIS Radicalization Prevention in Prisons, international experts meeting in Portugal.” BSAFE LAB. (2015). http://bsafe.ubi.pt/bsafelab/index.php/r-d-challenges/infrastructure-and- engineering-2/aprendizagem-organizacional/social-reintegration/14- 112

english/news/264-r2pris-radicalization-prevention-in-prisons-international- experts-meeting-in-portugal (accessed October 22, 2019).

Butler, Daren. “Turkey names one of Ankara suicide bombers: media.” Reuters. (October 19, 2015). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-explosion- investigation/turkey-names-one-of-ankara-suicide-bombers-media- idUSKCN0SD0ZF20151019 (accessed November 5, 2019).

Callimachi, Rukmini. “Fight to Retake Last ISIS Territory Begins.” The New York Times. (September 11, 2018). https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/11/world/middleeast/isis-syria.html (accessed February 26, 2019).

———. “Turkey, a Conduit for Fighters Joining ISIS, Begins to Feel Its Wrath.” The New York Times. (June 29, 2016), https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/30/world/middleeast/turkey-a-conduit- for-fighters-joining-isis-begins-to-feel-its-wrath.html (accessed October 21, 2019)

Chulov, Martin. “How an arrest in Iraq revealed Iis's $2bn jihadist network.” The Guardian. (June 15, 2014). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/15/iraq-isis-arrest-jihadists- wealth-power (accessed October 14, 2019).

Clarke, Colin P. and Ahmet S. Yayla. “Erdogan's Fatal Blind Spot.” Foreign Policy. (February 15, 2018). https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/02/15/erdogans-fatal-blind-spot/ (accessed October 22, 2019).

———. “The United States Can't Rely on Turkey to Defeat ISIS.” Foreign Policy. (December 31, 2018). https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/12/31/the-united- states-cant-rely-on-turkey-to-defeat-isis-kurds-syria-ypg-erdogan/ (accessed October 21, 2019).

CNN Turk. “İstanbul'da piknik yapıp cihat çağrısında bulundular.” CNN Turk. (July 20, 2014). https://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/istanbulda-piknik- yapip-cihat-cagrisinda-bulundular (accessed October 22, 2019).

Collard, Rebecca. “What We Have Learned Since ISIS Declared a Caliphate One Year Ago.” TIME. (June 25, 2019) https://time.com/3933568/isis-caliphate- one-year/ (accessed October 11, 2019).

Cumhuriyet. “CHP tutanakları açıkladı: O tırlardan onlarca füze çıktı.” Cumhuriyet. (July 21, 2014). http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/97017/CHP_tutanaklari_acikla di__O_tirlardan_onlarca_fuze_cikti.html (accessed October 22, 2019). 113

El-Ghobashy, Tamer and Nathan Hodgein. “Russian Passenger Jet Crashes in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula, Killing 224 People.” The Wall Street Journal. (October 31, 2015). https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-passenger-jet- crashes-in-egypts-sinai-peninsula-1446281838 (accessed October 17, 2019).

Evrensel. “IŞİD sanıklarına ödül gibi ceza talebi.” Evrensel. (February 5, 2018). https://www.evrensel.net/haber/344898/isid-saniklarina-odul-gibi-ceza- talebi (accessed October 22, 2019).

Faiola, Anthony and Souad Mekhennet. “In Turkey, a late crackdown on Islamist fighters.” The Washington Post. (August 12, 2014). https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/how-turkey-became-the-shopping- mall-for-the-islamic-state/2014/08/12/5eff70bf-a38a-4334-9aa9- ae3fc1714c4b_story.html (accessed October 24, 2019).

Fairs, Marcus. “Turkey completes first phase of 900km wall along Syrian border.” Dezeen. (April 25, 2017). https://www.dezeen.com/2017/04/25/turkey- completes-first-phase-900-kilometre-wall-syrian-border/ (accessed October 21, 2019).

Forest, Caitlin and Chris Kozak. “ISIS's Campaign in Turkey.” Institute for the Study of War. (June 30, 2016). http://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/isiss-campaign-turkey (accessed October 30, 2019).

Fraser, Isabelle. “Molenbeek mayor received terror suspects list including on-the- run Salah Abdeslam one month before Paris attacks.” The Telegraph. (November 26, 2015). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/belgium/12015522/M anhunt-for-Salah-Abdeslam-as-Brussels-reopens-after-Paris-attacks- lockdown-Wednesday-live.html (accessed October 20, 2019).

GCTF. “Background and Mission.” The GCTF. https://www.thegctf.org/About- us/Background-and-Mission (accessed October 21, 2019).

Goldman, Adam and Gardiner Harris. “U.S. Imposes Sanctions on Turkish Officials Over Detained American Pastor.” The New York Times. (August 1, 2018). https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/01/world/europe/us-sanctions- turkey-pastor.html (accessed October 25, 2019).

Google Maps. “Turkish-Syrian border.” Google. (October 21, 2019). https://www.google.com/maps/place/Turkey/@36.7327655,37.6680088,11z /data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x14b0155c964f2671:0x40d9dbd42a625f2a!8m2!3d38. 963745!4d35.243322.

114

Graeber, David. “Turkey could cut off Islamic State’s supply lines. So why doesn’t it?” The Guardian. (November 18, 2015). https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/nov/18/turkey-cut- islamic-state-supply-lines-erdogan-isis (accessed October 21, 2019).

Graham, Chris, James Rothwell, David Lawler, and David Millward. “Sources say Ibrahim El Bakraoui was on US counterterrorism watch list before Paris attacks.” The Telegraph. (March 26, 2016). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/belgium/12204399/Br ussels-terror-attacks-metro-airport-suspects-live.html (accessed October 22, 2019).

Greenhill, Sam. “How seven radicalised young Britons a week are taking the Gateway to Jihad”. The Daily Mail. (August 25, 2014).

Hall, John and Lydia Willgress. “Senior ISIS 'commander' among those arrested as Turkey raids hundreds of addressed in Istanbul and carries out its first airstrikes on terror targets in Syria.” The Daily Mail. (July 23, 2015). https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3172538/Turkey-launches-air- strikes-against-ISIS-time.html (accessed October 21, 2019).

Halpern, Micah. “Deal with the Devil: Turkey Props up ISIS by Buying its Stolen Oil.” Observer. (April 2, 2016). https://observer.com/2016/02/deal-with-the- devil-turkey-props-up-isis-by-buying-its-stolen-oil/ (accessed October 21, 2019).

Hamaide, Sybille de la. “Timeline of Paris attacks according to public prosecutor.” Reuters. (November 15, 2015). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-shooting-timeline/timeline-of- paris-attacks-according-to-public-prosecutor- idUSKCN0T31BS20151114#h8KRqimXftutLeR3.97 (accessed October 19, 2019).

Hancock, Beverley, Elizabeth Ockleford, and Kate Windridge, “An Introduction to Qualitative Research”, (July 2007), https://www.rds-yh.nihr.ac.uk/wp- content/uploads/2013/05/5_Introduction-to-qualitative-research-2009.pdf (accessed May 1, 2019).

Haretz. “Erdogan Calls Kurdish Fight against ISIS 'huge Lie' - Hours after Deadly ISIS Bombing on Kurdish Base.” Haaretz. (January 8, 2019). https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/turkey/erdogan-calls-kurdish- fight-against-isis-huge-lie-hours-after-isis-attack-on-ypg-1.6823229 (accessed February 24, 2019).

Hermesauto. “Turkey Says It Will Take over Fight against ISIS after US Pull- out.” The Straits Times. (December 22, 2018). 115

https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/turkey-says-it-will-take- over-fight-against-isis-after-us-pull-out (accessed February 25, 2019).

Hurriyet Daily News. “Turkish Airstrikes Target ISIL in Syria.” Hurriyet Daily News. (July 25, 2015). http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish- airstrikes-target-isil-in-syria-85853 (accessed February 25, 2019).

Kamin, Debra. “Another Hit for Turkish Tourism?” The New York Times. (August 15, 2018). https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/15/travel/turkey- tourism-economic-crisis.html (accessed October 28, 2019).

Kent, Tom. “Is It ISIL or ISIS in Iraq?” The Associated Press: The Definitive Source, (June 17, 2014). https://blog.ap.org/announcements/is-it-isil-or-isis- in-iraq (accessed February 26, 2019).

Khomami, Nadia. “Turkey terror attack: mourning after scores killed in Ankara blasts.” The Guardian. (October 10, 2015). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/10/turkey-suicide-bomb- killed-in-ankara (accessed November 2, 2019).

Letsch, Constanze and Nadia Khomami. “Turkey Terror Attack: Mourning after Scores Killed in Ankara Blasts.” The Guardian. (October 11, 2015). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/10/turkey-suicide-bomb- killed-in-ankara (accessed February 25, 2019).

Lister, Tim. “ISIS: 143 Attacks in 29 Countries Have Killed 2,043.” CNN. (February 12, 2018). https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/17/world/mapping- isis-attacks-around-the-world/index.html (accessed February 25, 2019).

Lockhart, Keely. “Turkey Opens 'World's Widest' Suspension Bridge Linking Asia to Europe.” The Telegraph. (August 27, 2016). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/27/turkey-opens-worlds-widest- suspension-bridge-linking-asia-to-eur/ (accessed February 25, 2019).

Lütem, Murat. “Speech at the Global Counterterrorism Forum held in Singapore.” Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Singapur Büyükelçiliğiö. (March 30, 2017). http://singapur.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/ShowSpeech/12205 (accessed October 23, 2019).

Mallavarapu, Siddharth. “International Relations Theory and Non-Traditional Approaches to Security.” WISCOMP Perspectives. http://wiscomp.org/Publications/141%20-%20Perspectives%2027%20-%20 International%20Relations%20Theory%20and%20Non- Traditional%20Approaches%20to%20Security.pdf (accessed September 2, 2019).

116

Miglani, Sanjeev. “Death toll from Sri Lanka bombing attacks rises to 359: police,” Reuters. (April 24, 2019). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sri- lanka-blasts-toll/death-toll-from-sri-lanka-bombing-attacks-rises-to-359- police-idUSKCN1S00C7 (accessed October 20, 2019).

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey. “Turkey's Enterprising and Humanitarian Foreign Policy.” Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/synopsis-of-the-turkish-foreign-policy.en.mfa (accessed October 19, 2019).

Muir, Jim. “'Islamic State': Raqqa's loss seals rapid rise and fall.” BBC News. (October 17, 2017). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east- 35695648 (accessed October 15, 2019).

Newton-Small, Jay. “Paris Attacker Is an Example of France's Homegrown Terrorists.” TIME. (November 16, 2015). https://time.com/4113864/paris- attacks-isis-homegrown-terrorism/ (accessed October 22, 2019).

Nicks, Denver. “US Presses for Anti-ISIS Coalition at NATO Summit.” TIME. (September 05, 2014). http://time.com/3273185/isis-us-nato/ (accessed February 26, 2019).

O'Byrne, David. “Azeri-Turkish TANAP gas pipeline finished and ready to export.” S&P Global Platts. (July 1, 2019). https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural- gas/070119-azeri-turkish-tanap-gas-pipeline-finished-and-ready-to-export (accessed October 24, 2019).

ODATV. “IŞİD iyi ki varsın, Allah kurşununu azaltmasın.” ODATV. (October 4, 2014). https://odatv.com/isid-iyi-ki-varsin-allah-kursununu-azaltmasin- 0410141200.html (accessed October 21, 2019).

———. “IŞİD'e Türkiye'den böyle yardım edildi.” ODATV. (September 27, 2014). https://odatv.com/iside-turkiyeden-boyle-yardim-edildi- 2709141200.html (accessed October 21, 2019).

Özyurt, Ahu. “Sympathy for the devil that is ISIL.” Hurriyet Daily News. (September 26, 2014). http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/opinion/ahu- ozyurt/sympathy-for-the-devil-that-is-isil-72179 (accessed October 27, 2019). Phillips, David L. “Research Paper: ISIS-Turkey Links.” Huffpost. (September 11, 2014). https://www.huffpost.com/entry/research-paper-isis- turke_b_6128950 (accessed September 25, 2019).

Pousther, Jacob. “Extremism Concerns Growing in West and Predominantly Muslim Countries.” Pew Research Center. (July 16, 2015). 117

https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2015/07/16/extremism-concerns- growing-in-west-and-predominantly-muslim-countries/ (accessed October 28, 2019)

———. “In nations with significant Muslim populations, much disdain for ISIS.” Pew Research Center. (November 17, 2015). https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with- significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/ (accessed October 28, 2019).

Radikal. “Tanrıkulu: Hükümet IŞİD'e İstanbul'da kamp yeri mi verdi?” Radikal. (July 30, 2014). http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/tanrikulu-hukumet-iside- istanbulda-kamp-yeri-mi-verdi-1204375/ (accessed October 22, 2019).

Reuters. “Ten percent of Turks do not see Islamic State as terrorist body – survey.” Reuters. (January 12, 2016). https://www.reuters.com/article/turkey-politics-survey-islamic-state- idUSL8N14W3PN20160112 (accessed October 27, 2019).

RT News. “Wounded ISIS fighters brought to Turkey hospitals in ‘pick-up trucks’ – doctors, eyewitnesses to RT.” RT News. (June 16, 2016). https://www.rt.com/news/346882-isis-turkey-hospitals-doctors/ (accessed October 26, 2019).

Rubin, Michael. “Why it’s impossible to defeat ISIS with Erdoğan in power.” American Enterprise Institute. (March 31, 2016).

Sabur, Rozina and Agence France-Presse. “Trump Says Erdogan Will 'eradicate' Isil in Syria and Praises the Turkish Leader as 'a Man Who Can Do It'.” The Telegraph. (December 24, 2018). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/24/trump-says-erdogan-will- finish-isil-syria-praises-turkish-leader/ (accessed February 26, 2019).

Samanyoluhaber. “Kılıçdaroğlu IŞİD’e giden silahların belgesini gösterdi.” Samanyoluhaber. (October 14, 2014). http://www.samanyoluhaber.com/gundem/Kilicdaroglu-ISIDe-giden- silahlarin-belgesini-gosterdi/1064168/ (accessed October 22, 2019).

Skalamera, Morena. “A Kink In the Pipeline.” Foreign Affairs. (October 11, 2015). https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/turkey/2015-10-11/kink- pipeline (accessed October 29, 2019).

Solomon, Erika, Guy Chazan, and Sam Jones. “Isis Inc: how oil fuels the jihadi terrorists” Financial Times. (October 14, 2015). https://www.ft.com/content/b8234932-719b-11e5-ad6d-f4ed76f0900a (accessed October 28, 2019). 118

Souleiman, Delil. “No Syria Withdrawal without Commitment from Turkey, Bolton Says.” NBC News. (January 6, 2019). https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/no-syria-withdrawal-without- commitment-turkey-bolton-says-n955181 (accessed February 26, 2019).

Sreenivasan, Hari. “Turkey moves tanks into Syria in Fight against ISIS.” PBS NewsHour Weekend. (September 3, 2016). https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/turkey-moves-tanks-syria-fight-isis (accessed October 22, 2019).

Stein, Aaron. “ISIS and Turkey: The Rocket Threat to Kilis.” Atlantic Council. (April 26, 2016).

T.C. Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı. “MASAK Sunuş.” Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı. (2018). https://www.hmb.gov.tr/masak-sunus (accessed October 21, 2019).

Tanis, Tolga. “The ISIS Rockets 'Made in Turkey'” Worldcrunch. (December 30, 2016). https://www.worldcrunch.com/the-endless-war-1/the-isis-rockets- made-in-turkey (accessed October 22, 2019).

Taştekın, Fehım. “Sınırsız sınır...” Radikal. (September 13, 2014). http://www.radikal.com.tr/yazarlar/fehim-tastekin/sinirsiz-sinir-1212462/ (accessed October 24, 2019).

Taub, Ben. “ISIS Oil Trade, from the Ground Up.” The New Yorker. (December 4, 2015). https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-isis-oil-trade- from-the-ground-up (accessed October 21, 2019).

The IMF. “Turkey's Economy Hit by Declining Tourism.” IMF News. (February 23, 2017), https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2017/02/21/NA230217Turkeys- Economy-Hit-By-Declining-Tourism (accessed October 29, 2019).

The Straits Times. “ISIS militants mount desperate last stand in 1-sq-km 'caliphate'.” The Straits Times. (February 15, 2019). https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/isis-militants-mount- desperate-last-stand-in-1-sq-km-caliphate (accessed October 20, 2019).

The World Factbook. “Middle East: Turkey.” Central Intelligence Agency. (2019). https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/tu.html (accessed October 22, 2019).

Tomlinson, Lucas. “ISIS Has Lost 98 Percent of Its Territory—Mostly since Trump Took Office, Officials Say.” Fox News. (December 26, 2017). 119

https://www.foxnews.com/politics/isis-has-lost-98-percent-of-its-territory- mostly-since-trump-took-office-officials-say (accessed February 26, 2019).

Tondo, Lorzenzo, Piero Messina, and Patrick Wintour. “Italy fears ISIS fighters slip into Europe posing as injured Libyans.” The Guardian.(April 28, 2017). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/28/islamic-state-fighters- infiltrate-europe-posing-injured-libyan-soldiers (accessed October 24, 2019).

Tsvetana Paraskova. “Wikileaks: Turkish Energy Minister Indirectly Involved In ISIS Oil Trade.” Oilprice. (December 5, 2016). https://oilprice.com/Latest- Energy-News/World-News/Wikileaks-Turkish-Energy-Minister-Indirectly- Involved-In-ISIS-Oil-Trade.html (accessed February 2019).

Tsvetkova, Maria and Lidia Kelly. “Russia says it has proof Turkey involved in Islamic State oil trade.” Reuters. (December 2, 2015). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-russia-turkey/russia-says- it-has-proof-turkey-involved-in-islamic-state-oil-trade- idUSKBN0TL19S20151202 (accessed October 20, 2019).

Tuysuz, Gul, Nimet Kirac and Zeynep Bilginsoy. “Turkish President: Country no sending arms to terrorists in Syria.” CNN. (June 2, 2015). https://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/02/middleeast/turkey-syria-weapons/ (accessed October 21, 2019).

UN News. “UN declares Iraq ‘Level 3 Emergency’ to trigger more resources, speed up aid delivery.” UN News. (August 14, 2014). https://news.un.org/en/story/2014/08/475162-un-declares-iraq-level-3- emergency-trigger-more-resources-speed-aid-delivery (accessed October 11, 2019).

Documents

FATF. “Financing of the Terrorist Organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).” Financial Action Task Force. (February, 2015). http://www.fatf-gafi.org/topics/methodsandtrends/documents/financing-of- terrorist-organisation-isil.html (accessed October 20, 2019). Gazete, Resmî. “'Ham Petrol ve Jet Yakıtının Türkiye Üzerinden Karayolu veya Demiryolu ile Taşınmasına İlişkin Karar'.” [Crude Oil and Jet Fuel of Decision on Turkey over Transport by Road or Rail] Ministry of Customs and Trade. (November 11, 2011). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/11/20111111-1.htm (accessed October 23, 2019).

120

National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses. “GTD 1970- 2018.” Global Terrorism Database. CHC Global & START. (September 17, 2019). https://gtd.terrorismdata.com/files/gtd-1970-2018/.

Rasmussen, Nicholas J. (Director, National Counterterrorism Center). Countering Violent Islamists Extremism: The Urgent Threat of Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Homegrown Terror. Testimony before House Committee on Homeland Security. (February 11, 2015). http://docs.house.gov/meetings/HM/HM00/20150211/102901/HHRG-114- HM00-Wstate-RasmussenN-20150211.pdf (accessed October 20, 2019).

UN Document S/RES/2178.

Zeldin, Weldin. “Turkey: Counterterrorism and Justice.” The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center. (September 2015). https://www.loc.gov/law/help/counterterrorism/turkey-counterterrorism- justice.pdf (accessed November 9, 2019).

Report

BPC. Turkey vs. ISIS and PKK: A Matter of Distinction. Washington D.C.: Bipartisan Policy Center, 2016.

Sönmez, Göktuğ. Turkey's Fight against ISIS. Ankara: Ortadoğu Araştımaları Merkezi, 2019.