The Islamic State Systematic Targeting of Minorities in Northern Iraq
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The Path to Terrorism: the Islamic State and Its Recruitment Strategies
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Honors Scholar Theses Honors Scholar Program Spring 5-1-2018 The aP th to Terrorism: The slI amic State and Its Recruitment Strategies Laura Turner [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses Part of the International Relations Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Terrorism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Turner, Laura, "The aP th to Terrorism: The slI amic State and Its Recruitment Strategies" (2018). Honors Scholar Theses. 585. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses/585 1 The University of Connecticut The Path to Terrorism: The Islamic State and Its Recruitment Strategies Laura Turner Honors Senior Thesis Advisor: Professor Jeremy Pressman Individualized & Interdisciplinary Studies Program 19 April 2018 2 Introduction 13,488 terrorist attacks occurred around the world in 2016.i 1,468 of these, or 10.9%, were perpetrated by the Islamic State.1 The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), is an extremely violent Islamist terrorist organization that follows Salafism, a strict interpretation of Sunni Islam. The group’s ultimate goal is to establish a worldwide caliphate, or a state governed by Islamic law. ISIS is rooted in Abu Musad al-Zarqawi’s Al Qaeda in Iraq, a militant organization so extreme and violent that even Al Qaeda’s leadership criticized its methods and eventually renounced connections with the group. When Zarqawi was killed by a U.S. airstrike in 2006, Abu Ayyub al Masri became the leader of the group and renamed it the Islamic State in Iraq (ISI). -
Mass-Fatality, Coordinated Attacks Worldwide, and Terrorism in France
BACKGROUND REPORT Mass-Fatality, Coordinated Attacks Worldwide, and Terrorism in France On November 13, 2015 assailants carried out a series of coordinated attacks at locations in Paris, France, including a theater where a concert was being held, several restaurants, and a sporting event. These attacks reportedly killed more than 120 people and wounded more than 350 others. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attack.1 To provide contextual information on coordinated, mass-fatality attacks, as well as terrorism in France and the attack patterns of ISIL, START has compiled the following information from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD).2 MASS-FATALITY TERRORIST ATTACKS Between 1970 and 2014, there have been 176 occasions on which terrorist Number of Times More than 100 People Were Killed attacks killed more than 100 people by Terrorist Attacks on a Single Day in a Single Country (excluding perpetrators), in a particular 30 country on a particular day. This includes both isolated attacks, multiple attacks, 25 and multi-part, coordinated attacks. The first such event took place in 1978, when 20 an arson attack targeting the Cinema Rex Theater in Abadan, Iran killed more than 15 400 people. Frequency Since the Cinema Rex attack, and until 10 2013, 4.2 such mass-fatality terrorist events happened per year, on average. In 5 2014, the number increased dramatically when 26 mass-fatality terrorist events 0 took place in eight different countries: Afghanistan (1), Central African Republic (1), Iraq (9), Nigeria (9), Pakistan (1), Source: Global Terrorism Database Year South Sudan (1), Syria (3), and Ukraine (1). -
APR 2016 Part C.Pdf
Page | 1 CBRNE-TERRORISM NEWSLETTER – April 2016 www.cbrne-terrorism-newsletter.com Page | 2 CBRNE-TERRORISM NEWSLETTER – April 2016 After Brussels, Europe's intelligence woes revealed Source:http://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/22/brussels-attack-why-europe-must-increase-terror- intelligence.html Mar 23 – Europe must improve the regional Rudd's comments are at the crux of a hot- sharing of intelligence to successfully button discourse about the encroachment on combat the rise of homegrown militants, civil liberties should governments ramp up policy experts told CNBC a day after deadly surveillance and detainment tactics in the explosions hit Brussels. global war on terror. Global terrorist organization ISIS claimed Rudd believes it's a necessary cost to bear. responsibility for Tuesday's attacks that killed "This is not a normal set of circumstances, at least 31 people, the latest episode in the we've got to give our men and women in group's campaign of large-scale violence on uniform and in the intelligence services the the international stage. powers necessary to deal with this. This is no Recent offensives in Paris and Jakarta indicate criticism of the Belgian government but a wake- ISIS is increasingly relying on local up call to all of us who wrestle with this fundamentalists, typically trained in ISIS debate." strongholds within the Middle East, to execute Others agree that European officials must suicide bombings and shootings in busy direct more investment to counter-terrorism, metropolitan areas. despite strained finances for most countries in "The key question here is closing the the region. intelligence gap," said Kevin Rudd, former The fact that the perpetrator of December's Prime Minister of Australia and president of the Paris attacks was caught in Belgium four Asia Society Policy Institute. -
Belgium: Extremism and Terrorism
Belgium: Extremism and Terrorism On February 5, 2020, it was reported that prosecutors in Belgium are currently seeking to bring eight men to the country’s highest court for their alleged role in carrying out an ISIS-inspired triple suicide bombing in Brussels in March 2016. The ringleader, Oussama Atar, who was allegedly a senior figure in ISIS’s intelligence service, purportedly died in Syria in 2017. One other suspect, Salah Abdeslam, is already in French jail due to his role in the Paris 2015 attack that killed 131 people. The other suspects have been formally charged, but their trials are not due to start until 2021. (Source: The National) On January 30, 2020, the Belgian Court of Cassation confirmed a ruling by the Brussels Court of Appeals that the Kurdish Worker’s Party (PKK) should not be classified as a terrorist organization. Although the Belgian government considers the PKK to be a terrorist organization, the Court of Cassation represents the opinion of the judiciary which is an independent body from the executive branch. The ruling claimed that EU anti- terrorism legislation cannot be applied towards the PKK as it is involved in a non-international armed conflict or civil war and is thus allowed to use legitimate military force. The PKK is an internationally designated terrorist organization that has been in conflict with the Turkish government for decades. Although it is uncertain if the ruling will create diplomatic altercations with Turkey, the Belgian government depends on stable relations with Ankara to track Belgian nationals who joined ISIS in Syria and continue to remain in the region. -
Attentats Du 13 Novembre 2015 En France
Attentats du 13 novembre 2015 en France Les attentats du 13 novembre 2015 en France, sur- et de l'État islamique, commettent une série d'attentats venus dans la soirée du vendredi 13 novembre 2015, et — qui commence par la tuerie au siège du journal Char- revendiqués par l'organisation terroriste État islamique, lie Hebdo et se termine par la prise d'otages de l’Hyper sont une série de fusillades et d’attentats-suicides qui Cacher — faisant dix-sept victimes. s’est produite en Île-de-France, pour l’essentiel à Paris e e D'autres attentats de moindre échelle ont eu lieu depuis dans les 10 et 11 arrondissements (rue Bichat, rue de la fin de l'année 2014. En avril 2015, Sid Ahmed Gh- , rue de Charonne, au Bataclan, et la Fontaine-au-Roi lam échoue dans son projet d'attentat, mais tue néan- boulevard Voltaire), ainsi qu’à Saint-Denis aux abords du moins Aurélie Châtelain à Villejuif (Val-de-Marne). Le stade de France. 26 juin, Yassin Salhi étrangle et égorge son patron, puis Des coups de feu visant des terrasses de restaurants et tente de faire exploser une usine de production de gaz cafés font plusieurs dizaines de morts dans les 10e et industriels et médicaux classée Seveso à Saint-Quentin- 11e arrondissements de Paris. Dans le même temps, des Fallavier (Isère). Le 13 juillet, quatre jeunes de 16 à 23 terroristes kamikazes se font exploser aux abords du stade ans, dont un ancien militaire, sont soupçonnés de pro- de France, où se déroule un match amical de football jeter une attaque contre le camp militaire du fort Béar, France-Allemagne. -
La Memorisation Et Perception Des Attentats Du 13 Novembre 2015 En France 7 Mois Apres
POLE EVALUATION ET SOCIETE LA MEMORISATION ET PERCEPTION DES ATTENTATS DU 13 NOVEMBRE 2015 EN FRANCE 7 MOIS APRES Rapport rédigé dans le cadre du programme 13 novembre, porté par le CNRS, l'Inserm et héSam Université, financé par l'Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) dans le cadre du Programme Investissements d'Avenir (PIA). Contrat ANR-10-EQPX-0021-01 volet Programme 13-Novembre. DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.4249155 Sandra Hoibian, Charlotte Millot, Jacqueline Eidelman, Gérôme Truc, Mathilde Perrin, Francis Eustache, Denis Peschanski Avec la participation de Régis Bigot, Radmila Datsenko et Pauline Jauneau- Cottet 142, rue du Chevaleret 75013 PARIS Tél. 01 40 77 85 50 Fax 01 40 77 85 09 NOVEMBRE 2016 Avant-propos méthodologique Programme 13 novembre CREDOC 13-Novembre est un programme de recherche transdisciplinaire qui se déroulera sur 12 ans. Son objectif est d’étudier la construction et l’évolution de la mémoire après les attentats du 13 novembre 2015, et en particulier l’articulation entre mémoire individuelle et mémoire collective. La mémoire est un élément essentiel de la construction de l’identité individuelle comme de l’identité collective. En ce sens, la mémoire des attentats du 13 novembre participe et participera à façonner la société de demain. C’est le rôle de la recherche scientifique d’analyser ces phénomènes pour nous permettre de mieux les comprendre et mieux les appréhender. Il s’agit également de conserver et de transmettre la mémoire des attentats du 13 novembre. C’est une forme d’engagement de la part de la communauté scientifique envers les citoyens. -
Open Yazujian Mastersthesis Finaldraft.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School The College of Information Sciences and Technology A COMPARATIVE SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF THE 2008 MUMBAI, 2015 PARIS, and 2016 BRUSSELS TERRORIST NETWORKS A Thesis in Information Sciences and Technology by Tyler J. Yazujian 2017 Tyler J. Yazujian Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science May 2017 The thesis of Tyler J. Yazujian was reviewed and approved* by the following: Peter Forster Senior Lecturer of Information Sciences and Technology Thesis Adviser Jessica Kropczynski Lecturer of Information Sciences and Technology T { Donald Shemanski Professor of Practice of Information Sciences and Technology Andrea H. Tapia Associate Professor of Information Sciences and Technology Head of the Graduate Department in the College of IST *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT This research builds a further understanding about analyses to characterize networks with limited data available. It uses social network analysis to retrospectively compare the networks of the terrorist attacks in Mumbai 2008, Paris November 2015, and Brussels March 2016, to better recognize the roles and positions of the networks’ actors. Expanding on previous analysis of the Mumbai terrorist network, this paper identifies new methods to study dark networks by applying social network analysis to the Mumbai, Paris, and Brussels networks. Three levels of analysis are conducted: (1) an attribute-level correlation to examine correlation between age and organizational role across cells; (2) key player analysis to investigate whether key players share similar roles; and (3) application of structural block models to the networks to identify cellular combat teams. -
The History and Influence of the Belgian ISIS Contingent
O Europol Public Information State of Terror The History and Influence of the Belgian ISIS Contingent CONFERENCE PAPER AUTHOR Pieter Van Ostaeyen This paper was presented at the 3rd conference of the European Counter Terrorism Centre (ECTC) Advisory Network, 9-10 April 2019, at Europol’s headquarters in The Hague. The views expressed are the author’s own and do not necessarily represent those of Europol Pieter Van Ostaeyen Pieter Van Ostaeyen studied Medieval History with a specialisation in the history of the Cru- sades (KULeuven 1999) and Arabic and Islamic Studies, focusing on the history of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi and the Assassins (KULeuven 2003). Van Ostaeyen has been analysing the conflict in Syria since the outset in 2011. In 2012 he be- gan reporting on foreign fighters and extremist groups such as Jabhat al-Nusra, Ahrar al-Sham, Jund al-Aqsa and so-called Islamic State (ISIS). Since 1 September 2016, he is a PhD applicant at the University of Leuven researching the ideology of ISIS as presented in its English language magazines Dabiq and Rumiyah. O Europol Public Information Contents Recruitment in Belgium 4 The Belgian Networks 7 The Belgian Foreign Fighter Contingent after the fall of the ISIS Caliphate 9 Conclusion 10 3 O Europol Public Information This paper provides an insight into how the Belgian Jihadi scene and recruitment evolved since the outbreak of the Syr- ian war in 2011. We will look into the recruitment hubs and provide a brief demographical background of recruits. After an introduction to the various networks in Belgium that led to the biggest Western European per-capita foreign fighter con- tingent, we will zoom in on the various groups in which the Belgian foreign fighters were involved and how these groups eventually were responsible for organising the biggest terror- ist attacks in North-Western Europe since World War II: the attacks in Paris in November 2015 and the March 2016 Brus- sels attacks. -
Séance Plénière
CRABV 54 COM 373 CRABV 54 COM 373 BELGISCHE KAMER VAN CHAMBRE DES REPRÉSENTANTS VOLKSVERTEGENWOORDIGERS DE BELGIQUE BEKNOPT VERSLAG COMPTE RENDU ANALYTIQUE VERENIGDE COMMISSIES VOOR DE COMMISSIONS RÉUNIES DES RELATIONS BUITENLANDSE BETREKKINGEN, VOOR DE EXTÉRIEURES, DE LA JUSTICE ET DE JUSTITIE EN VOOR DE BINNENLANDSE ZAKEN, L'INTÉRIEUR, DES AFFAIRES GÉNÉRALES ET DE DE ALGEMENE ZAKEN EN HET OPENBAAR AMBT LA FONCTION PUBLIQUE Vrijdag Vendredi 25-03-2016 25-03-2016 Namiddag Après-midi KAMER-3E ZITTING VAN DE 54E ZITTINGSPERIODE 2015 2016 CHAMBRE-3E SESSION DE LA 54E LÉGISLATURE N-VA Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie PS Parti Socialiste MR Mouvement réformateur CD&V Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams Open Vld Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten sp.a socialistische partij anders Ecolo-Groen Ecologistes Confédérés pour l’organisation de luttes originales – Groen cdH centre démocrate Humaniste VB Vlaams Belang DéFI Démocrate Fédéraliste Indépendant PTB-GO! Parti du Travail de Belgique – Gauche d’Ouverture! PP Parti Populaire Afkortingen bij de nummering van de publicaties : Abréviations dans la numérotation des publications : DOC 54 0000/000 Parlementair stuk van de 54e zittingsperiode + basisnummer en DOC 54 0000/000 Document parlementaire de la 54e législature, suivi du n° de volgnummer base et du n° consécutif QRVA Schriftelijke Vragen en Antwoorden QRVA Questions et Réponses écrites CRIV Voorlopige versie van het Integraal Verslag (groene kaft) CRIV Version provisoire du Compte Rendu Intégral (couverture verte) CRABV Beknopt Verslag (witte kaft) CRABV -
THE SUBLIME in CONTEMPORARY ART and POLITICS: “The Post-9/11 Art of the Middle Eastern Diaspora in North America”
THE SUBLIME IN CONTEMPORARY ART AND POLITICS: “The post-9/11 Art of the Middle Eastern Diaspora in North America” TALAT BALCA ARDA GUNEY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO April 2016 © Talat Balca Arda Guney, 2016 Abstract The Sublime in Contemporary Art and Politics: The post-9/11 Art of the Middle Eastern Diaspora in North America This dissertation takes ethnographic approach to researching art with an emphasis on the artistic practices of Middle Eastern diasporic artists in Canada and the USA. This dissertation moves from an account of aesthetic theory to the revival of public interest in art related to the Middle East and the artistic challenges faced by diasporic artists from the Middle East in presenting depictions of their own subjectivity. The Arab Spring, revolutions, bloody protests and riots, as well as the attacks of radical Islamist groups have crowded mainstream news coverage with images of terror and the paradigm of radical destruction. Such reflections of horrific scenery emulate the aesthetics of the sublime in the imagination of contemporary politics. The increasing body of art emphasizing the region of the Middle East has also regenerated this mainstream media focus on the Middle East, Arab lands, and the “Muslim landscape" with the same connotation of sublimity. I argue that these artistic reflections presume a particular Middle Eastern diasporic subjectivity that comes into visibility simultaneously as the translator and the witness, as well as the victim or perpetrator of this catastrophic imagery of the Middle East. -
(Macro-) Securitization? a Comparison of Political Reactions
Croatian International Same Old (Macro-) Relations Review — Securitization? A Comparison CIRR — XXV (84) 2019, of Political Reactions to Major 6-35 — Terrorist Attacks in the United DOI 10.2478/ cirr-2019-0001 — States and France UDC 323.28:327.8(73:44) — Elena Dück University of Passau, Germany [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-2624-0083 Robin Lucke [email protected] Abstract Key words: After the November 2015 terror attacks in Paris, the French government macro-securitization; reacted swiftly by declaring a state of emergency. This state of securitization; emergency remained in place for over two years before it was ended terrorism; Global in November 2017, only after being replaced by the new anti-terror War on Terror; legislation. The attacks as well as the government’s reactions evoked France. parallels to 9/11 and its aftermath. This is a puzzling observation when taking into consideration that the Bush administration’s reactions have been criticized harshly and that the US ‘War on Terror’ (WoT) was initially considered a serious failure in France. We can assume that this adaption of the discourse and practices stems from a successful establishment of the WoT macro-securitization. By using Securitization Theory, we outline the development of this macro-securitization by comparing its current manifestation in France against the backdrop of its origins in the US after 9/11. We analysed securitizing moves in the discourses, as well as domestic and international emergency measure policies. We find extensive similarities with view of both; yet there are differing degrees of securitizing terrorism and the institutionalisation of the WoT in the two states. -
How the U.S. Should Respond to the Islamist Terrorism Threat in Europe
BACKGROUNDER No. 3142 | AUGUST 1, 2016 The Threat of Islamist Terrorism in Europe and How the U.S. Should Respond Robin Simcox Abstract As recent events in Nice and Ansbach demonstrate, Europe faces an on- Key Points going threat from Islamist terrorism. The United States also remains a key target for ISIS, al-Qaeda, and their supporters. The U.S. and Eu- n The likelihood of a terrorist attack rope have a shared enemy and must assist each other in the defense of has increased in both Europe and liberal and democratic values. For its part, the U.S. must take the fight the United States. ISIS, al-Qae- da, and their affiliates must be to ISIS and al-Qaeda in the Middle East and Africa and be willing to militarily defeated abroad to help kill or capture its enemies. The U.S. must also take a multifaceted ap- ease the threat at home. proach to trying to halt the flow of foreign fighters. In Europe, several n The threat to Europe is multifac- countries blighted by terrorism not only have devoted scant resources eted: Attacks could be planned by to tackling this problem, but also have taken an insufficiently robust al-Qaeda or ISIS, by cells or radi- line on terrorist activity. The U.S. should encourage its European al- calized loners they have inspired, lies to reverse this trend. It can also assist Europeans in breaking down or by returnees trained by terror- intelligence firewalls that exist within individual nations while trying ist groups abroad. Europeans are to improve pre-existing intelligence-sharing arrangements.