18. POLYCNEMUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 35. 1753. 多节草属 Duo Jie Cao Shu Herbs Annual Or Subshrubs

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Flora of China 5: 375-376. 2003. 18. POLYCNEMUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 35. 1753. 多节草属 duo jie cao shu Herbs annual or subshrubs. Leaves alternate, sessile, subulate. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, minute, bisexual; bracteoles 2, scarious. Perianth segments 5, free. Stamens (1–)3(–5), inserted on an annular, hypogynous disk. Stigmas 2; style extremely short. Fruit a utricle; pericarp thin, scarious, indehiscent. Seed vertical, black when ripe; testa leathery, granulate; embryo annular; perisperm present. Between six and eight species: C Asia and Siberia, Europe; one species in China. 1. Polycnemum arvense Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 35. 1753 minate. Filaments filiform, ca. 1.5 mm; anthers shortly oblong, ca. 0.2 mm. Ovary broadly ovoid; style obscure; stigmas 多节草 duo jie cao minute. Utricle enclosed in perianth, slightly compressed, Herbs annual, 10–15 cm tall. Stem erect, covered with broadly elliptic, ca. 1.1 × 1 mm; pericarp slightly thickened short, crisped hairs, branched from base; branches ascending or apically, easily separated from seed. Seed ovoid, laterally com- decumbent, nearly as long as main stem, somewhat glabrescent. pressed, granulose sculptured. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug. Leaves obliquely ascending, rarely appressed to stem, subulate, Sandy soils, wastelands. Xinjiang [C and SW Asia, C and S 3–10 mm, subglabrous, base expanded, margin narrowly mem- Europe; occasionally naturalized in other regions]. branous below middle, apex mucronate, spinescent. Bracteoles triangular-lanceolate, near as long as perianth in fruit, keeled Polycnemum, as well as the two other genera of tribe Poly- cnemeae (or subfam. Polycnemoideae), share some characters typical of abaxially, apex long acuminate. Perianth segments imbricate, Amaranthaceae, i.e., two bracteoles, membranous perianth segments, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 × 0.4 mm, slightly enlarged in etc. Probably this tribe should be transferred to the Amaranthaceae. fruit to 1.5 mm, membranous, slightly longitudinally ribbed, sparsely covered with crisped hairs abaxially, apex shortly acu- This species is a good forage plant. .

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