DOCSLIB.ORG

Polycnemum Verrucosum (Amaranthaceae), First Record for the Italian Flora and Comparison with Related Species P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250612764 Polycnemum Verrucosum (Amaranthaceae), First Record for the Italian Flora and Comparison with Related Species P. Arvense Article in Hacquetia · May 2013 DOI: 10.2478/HACQ-2013-0001 CITATIONS READS 7 86 1 author: Duilio Iamonico Sapienza University of Rome 261 PUBLICATIONS 2,496 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Studies on Duckweeds (ex Lemnaceae Gray) View project Italian Loci Classici Census View project All content following this page was uploaded by Duilio Iamonico on 01 June 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. HACQUETIA 12/1 • 2013, 5–9 DoI: 10.2478/HACQ-2013-0001 Polycnemum verrucosum (AmArAnthAceAe), fIrst record for the ItAlian florA And compArIson wIth relAted specIes P. arvense Duilio IAMonICo1 Abstract Polycnemum verrucosum A. F. Láng is recorded for the first time for Italy (Lazio region, Central Italy). Morpho- logical and ecological characteristics of this species, as compared with the related P. arvense L., are presented and discussed. Taxonomical notes are also provided. Key words: distribution area, Italy, new record, Polycnemum L. Izvleček Vrsto Polycnemum verrucosum A. F. Láng smo prvič zabeležili na ozemlju Italije (regija Lazio, srednja Italija). Prikazali smo morfološke in ekološke značilnosti vrste v primerjavi s sorodno vrsto P. arvense L. Podali smo tudi taksonomske opombe. Ključne besede: razširjenost, Italija, nova najdba, Polycnemum L. 1. InTRoDUCTIon L., Amaranthus L., Gomphrena L.). From the mor- phological point of view, Polycnemoideae and Am­ Polycnemum L. is a genus of 6–8 species distrib - aranthaceae are characterized in having petaloid uted in Europe, central-western Asia, northern tepals (white or pigmented, scarious or papyra- Africa and northern America (Ball 1993, Gelin et ceous) and stame filaments united into a filament al. 2003, Greuter et al. 1984, Shultz 2004). tube [in Chenopodiaceae s. s. tepals are sepaloid Polycnemum (and the related genera Nitrophila (green and herbaceous) and the filaments are not S. Watson and Hemichroa R. Brown) is included united into a filament tube]. Moreover, Polycne­ in Polycnemoideae Raf. Placement and rank of mum has one character of Gomphrenoideae Kostel. this taxon has long been controversial and it (absent in Chenopodiaceae): 2-locular anthers. was included in the family of Amaranthaceae At present, 5 species are recorded in Europe: Juss. (e. g. Boissier 1879, Soriano 1944), Cheno- Polycnemum arvense L., P. fontanesii Durieu & podiaceae Vent. (e. g. Bentham & Hooker 1880, Moq., P. heuffelii A. F. Láng, P. majus A. Brown, Kühn et al. 1993) or Caryophyllaceae Juss. (e. g. P. verrucosum A. F. Láng (Ball 1993, Uotila 2011), Moquin-Tandon 1837) or considered as morpho- of which three (P. arvense, P. majus and P. heuf­ logical intermediates between Amaranthaceae felii) are indicated for Italy (Conti et al. 2005, and Chenopodiaceae (Volkens 1887) and be- Conti et al. 2007, Iamonico 2011a). tween Paronochyeae and Caryophyllaceae (Ael- In this paper P. verrucosum is reported for the len 1960–1961). Recent phylogenetic studies first time for Italy (Lazio region). Taxonomical, (Kadereit et al. 2003) clearly shown the affinity morphological and ecological notes are provided of Polycnemoideae with the genera traditionally as well as the delimitation in comparison with the included in the Amaranthaceae (e. g. Achyranthes related P. arvense. 1 Department DATA, Section Environment and Landscape, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Flaminia 72, 00196-Rome, Italy. [email protected] 5 Brought to you by | Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Biblioteca Alessandrina Authenticated | 151.100.12.9 Download Date | 6/4/13 2:01 PM Hacquetia 12/1 • 2013, 5–9 The work is part of a study carried out by the the measurements (characters nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, author on the family of Amaranhtaceae s. l. in 12, 14, 15) (Fig. 1). Italy (e. g. Iamonico 2010, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, Iamonico & Jarvis 2012a, 2012b) and on the ge- Polycnemum verrucosum A. F. Láng, Syll. Pl. nus Polycnemum in particular, for the new Italian nov. 1: 179 (1824). Flora (editor S. Pignatti, in prep.). = P. arvense L. var. verrucosum (A. F. Láng) obor- ny, Fl. Mähr.: 334 (1885). Annual (therophyte), to 50 cm. Stem ascendent 2. MATERIAL AnD METHoDS (sometimes erect), branched, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves linear (0.5–1.0 × 3.0–12.0 mm), This paper is based both on the analysis of the plane-shaped, glabrous (sometimes slightly pu- relevant literature and the examination of the bescent), pointed at the apex, usually glaucous. specimens (P. arvense, P. verrucosum) kept in the Inflorescence in terminal leafy spikes; bracteal Herbaria BP, FI, LINN and Ro. leaves ovate-lanceolate (3–5 mm long) 2–3 times The identification of both species were made longer than the perianth, acute; bract of the flow- using the protologues (Láng 1828, Linnaeus ers 2, with lateral membranous borders thinning 1753) and the descriptions in the Flora Europaea to apex hyaline, white, 1.1–2 times longer than the (Ball 1993). perianth; tepals 5, ovate, acute or acuminate (1.5– A morphological analysis of the exsiccata, based 1.8 mm long); fruit ellipsoidal (1 × 1.3 mm), sub- on 15 characters (12 quantitative and 3 qualitative equal to the tepals, indehiscent; seeds lenticular – Table 1) was performed. The data matrix was (1–1.5 mm in diameter), black, fine sculptured. processed by means of the software nCSS 2007 (Hintze 2007). The variability of the characters is Iconography: Aellen (1960–1961). illustrated by box plots and scatter plots. Chromosome number: unknown. Taxonomical notes: Polycnemum verrucosum was Table 1: Characters measured (those labelled with an first described from Hungary in 1824 “… in asterisk are qualitative). plagis arenososis, aridis, comitatus Pestiensis, Tabela 1: Merjeni znaki (zvezdica označuje kvalitativne Cumaniae, Faszygiae” (Láng 1824). Moquin- znake). Tandon (1840) quoted the genus Halimocnemis C. A. Mey. in which Polycnemum was included, 11 habitus (prostrate or ascending)* but the species P. verrucosum was not reported. 12 stem hairness (glabrous or pubescent)* De Candolle (1849) indicates the species in “… 13 branching (very ramified or few ramified)* in arenosis Hungariæ …” and provided an ex- 14 leaf length (mm) tensive description. oborny (1885) recognized 15 laef width (mm) the taxon at variety rank, under P. arvense. The 16 bracteal leaf length (mm) comprehensive European floras (Greuter et al. 17 bract length (mm) 1984, Ball 1993) accepted P. verrucosum as sep- 18 ratio 6/7 arate species. 19 tepal length (mm) Ecology: Field, sandy and gravelly places (Ball 10 ratio 6/9 1993). 11 ratio 7/9 Flowering time: September to December. 12 fruit length (mm) General distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, 13 ratio 7/12 Germany, Hungary, former Jugoslavia, Roma- 14 ratio 9/12 nia, Western and Eastern Russia, Turkey 15 seed diameter (mm) (Greuter et al. 1984, Jalas & Souminen 1980, Ball 1993) and Italy. The Italian record ex- 3. RESULTS AnD DISCUSSION tends to south-western the distribution area of P. verrucosum. The statistical analysis shows a clear separation Distribution in Italy: no former Italian floras re- between the species involved in the study, using ported P. verrucosum [from Bertoloni (1854) to the character no. 10 (see Table 1). The others ones Conti et al. (2005)]. The specimens examined have not statistical significance, showing partial represent the first records for Italy (Lazio re- (characters nos. 6, 7, 8, 11, 13) or total overlap of gion, Central Italy). 6 Brought to you by | Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Biblioteca Alessandrina Authenticated | 151.100.12.9 Download Date | 6/4/13 2:01 PM D. Iamonico: Polycnemum verrucosum, first record for the italian flora and comparison with P. Arvense 5 A) 14 B) maniae arvis …” (Linnaeus 1753). De Candolle 4,5 12 (1849) accepted the species rank for this spe- cies, but he pointed out an high intraspecific 4 10 variability, reporting five varieties: α – multi­ 3,5 8 caule Wallr., β – roseum De not., γ – majus (A. 3 6 Brown) DC., δ – recurvum Gaudin, ε – pumilum (Hoppe ex Mert. & W. D. J. Koch) DC. The 2,5 4 diagnostic features for these taxa are: habitus, 2 2 shape and colour of the leaves, ratio bracts/te- 1,5 0 pals, ratio fruit/tepal. The variability of these P.verrucossum P. arvense P.verrucossum P. arvense characters seems to be continue, except for the ratio bract/tepals that clearly distinguish the 1,9 C) var. majus [De Candolle (1849) reported “Brac­ 1,8 ) teae calycem vix superantes”], now accepted at 1,7 mm 1,6 specific rank (P. majus A. Brown). 1,5 Ecology: Human made habitat, such as unculti- 1,4 vated land or cultivated field, on dry soil (per- 1,3 sonal observation), at 0–1000 m a.s.l. epals length ( T 1,2 Flowering time: July to october. 1,1 General distribution: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, 1 2 3456789 Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Bracteals leaves length (mm) Hungary, Italy, former Jugoslavia, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland and European Tur- Figure 1: Box Plots (A: ratio bracteal leaves length/tepals et al. length; B: leaves length) and scatter plot (D: bracteal leaves vs key (Greuter 1984, Jalas & Souminen tepals; black circles for P. verrucosum, white squares for P. ar- 1980, Ball 1993). vense) illustrating the variability of some characters. Distribution in Italy (Conti et al. 2005, Conti et Slika 1: Graf škatla z ročaji (A: razmerje braktealni list/dol- al. 2007, Iamonico 2012c, Iamonico & Bovio žina tepala; B: dolžina lista) in razsevni diagram (D: brakte- 2012): northern (old recorded in Valle d’Aosta alni listi proti tepalom; polni krožci za P. verrucosum, prazni region), Central and Southern Italy (Puglia kvadrati za P.
Recommended publications
  • Origin and Age of Australian Chenopodiaceae

    Origin and Age of Australian Chenopodiaceae

    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5 (2005) 59–80 www.elsevier.de/ode Origin and age of Australian Chenopodiaceae Gudrun Kadereita,Ã, DietrichGotzek b, Surrey Jacobsc, Helmut Freitagd aInstitut fu¨r Spezielle Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Johannes Gutenberg-Universita¨t Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany bDepartment of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA cRoyal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia dArbeitsgruppe Systematik und Morphologie der Pflanzen, Universita¨t Kassel, D-34109 Kassel, Germany Received 20 May 2004; accepted 31 July 2004 Abstract We studied the age, origins, and possible routes of colonization of the Australian Chenopodiaceae. Using a previously published rbcL phylogeny of the Amaranthaceae–Chenopodiaceae alliance (Kadereit et al. 2003) and new ITS phylogenies of the Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae, we conclude that Australia has been reached in at least nine independent colonization events: four in the Chenopodioideae, two in the Salicornieae, and one each in the Camphorosmeae, Suaedeae, and Salsoleae. Where feasible, we used molecular clock estimates to date the ages of the respective lineages. The two oldest lineages both belong to the Chenopodioideae (Scleroblitum and Chenopodium sect. Orthosporum/Dysphania) and date to 42.2–26.0 and 16.1–9.9 Mya, respectively. Most lineages (Australian Camphorosmeae, the Halosarcia lineage in the Salicornieae, Sarcocornia, Chenopodium subg. Chenopodium/Rhagodia, and Atriplex) arrived in Australia during the late Miocene to Pliocene when aridification and increasing salinity changed the landscape of many parts of the continent. The Australian Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae diversified rapidly after their arrival. The molecular-clock results clearly reject the hypothesis of an autochthonous stock of Chenopodiaceae dating back to Gondwanan times.
  • CHENOPODIACEAE 藜科 Li Ke Zhu Gelin (朱格麟 Chu Ge-Ling)1; Sergei L

    CHENOPODIACEAE 藜科 Li Ke Zhu Gelin (朱格麟 Chu Ge-Ling)1; Sergei L

    Flora of China 5: 351-414. 2003. CHENOPODIACEAE 藜科 li ke Zhu Gelin (朱格麟 Chu Ge-ling)1; Sergei L. Mosyakin2, Steven E. Clemants3 Herbs annual, subshrubs, or shrubs, rarely perennial herbs or small trees. Stems and branches sometimes jointed (articulate); indumentum of vesicular hairs (furfuraceous or farinose), ramified (dendroid), stellate, rarely of glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves alternate or opposite, exstipulate, petiolate or sessile; leaf blade flattened, terete, semiterete, or in some species reduced to scales. Flowers monochlamydeous, bisexual or unisexual (plants monoecious or dioecious, rarely polygamous); bracteate or ebracteate. Bractlets (if present) 1 or 2, lanceolate, navicular, or scale-like. Perianth membranous, herbaceous, or succulent, (1–)3–5- parted; segments imbricate, rarely in 2 series, often enlarged and hardened in fruit, or with winged, acicular, or tuberculate appendages abaxially, seldom unmodified (in tribe Atripliceae female flowers without or with poorly developed perianth borne between 2 specialized bracts or at base of a bract). Stamens shorter than or equaling perianth segments and arranged opposite them; filaments subulate or linear, united at base and usually forming a hypogynous disk, sometimes with interstaminal lobes; anthers dorsifixed, incumbent in bud, 2-locular, extrorse, or dehiscent by lateral, longitudinal slits, obtuse or appendaged at apex. Ovary superior, ovoid or globose, of 2–5 carpels, unilocular; ovule 1, campylotropous; style terminal, usually short, with 2(–5) filiform or subulate stigmas, rarely capitate, papillose, or hairy on one side or throughout. Fruit a utricle, rarely a pyxidium (dehiscent capsule); pericarp membranous, leathery, or fleshy, adnate or appressed to seed. Seed horizontal, vertical, or oblique, compressed globose, lenticular, reniform, or obliquely ovoid; testa crustaceous, leathery, membranous, or succulent; embryo annular, semi-annular, or spiral, with narrow cotyledons; endosperm much reduced or absent; perisperm abundant or absent.
  • Phragmites Australis

    Phragmites Australis

    Journal of Ecology 2017, 105, 1123–1162 doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12797 BIOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE BRITISH ISLES* No. 283 List Vasc. PI. Br. Isles (1992) no. 153, 64,1 Biological Flora of the British Isles: Phragmites australis Jasmin G. Packer†,1,2,3, Laura A. Meyerson4, Hana Skalov a5, Petr Pysek 5,6,7 and Christoph Kueffer3,7 1Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; 2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; 3Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich,€ Switzerland; 4University of Rhode Island, Natural Resources Science, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; 5Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-25243, Pruhonice, Czech Republic; 6Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic; and 7Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa Summary 1. This account presents comprehensive information on the biology of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (P. communis Trin.; common reed) that is relevant to understanding its ecological char- acteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biologi- cal Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors and to the abiotic environment, plant structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and diseases, as well as history including invasive spread in other regions, and conservation. 2. Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan species native to the British flora and widespread in lowland habitats throughout, from the Shetland archipelago to southern England.
  • Forest Health Conditions in Alaska 2020

    Forest Health Conditions in Alaska 2020

    Forest Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Alaska Region | R10-PR-046 | April 2021 Forest Health Conditions in Alaska - 2020 A Forest Health Protection Report U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State & Private Forestry, Alaska Region Karl Dalla Rosa, Acting Director for State & Private Forestry, 1220 SW Third Avenue, Portland, OR 97204, [email protected] Michael Shephard, Deputy Director State & Private Forestry, 161 East 1st Avenue, Door 8, Anchorage, AK 99501, [email protected] Jason Anderson, Acting Deputy Director State & Private Forestry, 161 East 1st Avenue, Door 8, Anchorage, AK 99501, [email protected] Alaska Forest Health Specialists Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, http://www.fs.fed.us/r10/spf/fhp/ Anchorage, Southcentral Field Office 161 East 1st Avenue, Door 8, Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: (907) 743-9451 Fax: (907) 743-9479 Betty Charnon, Invasive Plants, FHM, Pesticides, [email protected]; Jessie Moan, Entomologist, [email protected]; Steve Swenson, Biological Science Technician, [email protected] Fairbanks, Interior Field Office 3700 Airport Way, Fairbanks, AK 99709 Phone: (907) 451-2799, Fax: (907) 451-2690 Sydney Brannoch, Entomologist, [email protected]; Garret Dubois, Biological Science Technician, [email protected]; Lori Winton, Plant Pathologist, [email protected] Juneau, Southeast Field Office 11175 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK 99801 Phone: (907) 586-8811; Fax: (907) 586-7848 Isaac Dell, Biological Scientist, [email protected]; Elizabeth Graham, Entomologist, [email protected]; Karen Hutten, Aerial Survey Program Manager, [email protected]; Robin Mulvey, Plant Pathologist, [email protected] State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry 550 W 7th Avenue, Suite 1450, Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: (907) 269-8460; Fax: (907) 269-8931 Jason Moan, Forest Health Program Coordinator, [email protected]; Martin Schoofs, Forest Health Forester, [email protected] University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service 219 E.
  • WOOD ANATOMY of CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE S

    WOOD ANATOMY of CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE S

    IAWA Journal, Vol. 33 (2), 2012: 205–232 WOOD ANATOMY OF CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE s. l.) Heike Heklau1, Peter Gasson2, Fritz Schweingruber3 and Pieter Baas4 SUMMARY The wood anatomy of the Chenopodiaceae is distinctive and fairly uni- form. The secondary xylem is characterised by relatively narrow vessels (<100 µm) with mostly minute pits (<4 µm), and extremely narrow ves- sels (<10 µm intergrading with vascular tracheids in addition to “normal” vessels), short vessel elements (<270 µm), successive cambia, included phloem, thick-walled or very thick-walled fibres, which are short (<470 µm), and abundant calcium oxalate crystals. Rays are mainly observed in the tribes Atripliceae, Beteae, Camphorosmeae, Chenopodieae, Hab- litzieae and Salsoleae, while many Chenopodiaceae are rayless. The Chenopodiaceae differ from the more tropical and subtropical Amaran- thaceae s.str. especially in their shorter libriform fibres and narrower vessels. Contrary to the accepted view that the subfamily Polycnemoideae lacks anomalous thickening, we found irregular successive cambia and included phloem. They are limited to long-lived roots and stem borne roots of perennials (Nitrophila mohavensis) and to a hemicryptophyte (Polycnemum fontanesii). The Chenopodiaceae often grow in extreme habitats, and this is reflected by their wood anatomy. Among the annual species, halophytes have narrower vessels than xeric species of steppes and prairies, and than species of nitrophile ruderal sites. Key words: Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae s.l., included phloem, suc- cessive cambia, anomalous secondary thickening, vessel diameter, vessel element length, ecological adaptations, xerophytes, halophytes. INTRODUCTION The Chenopodiaceae in the order Caryophyllales include annual or perennial herbs, sub- shrubs, shrubs, small trees (Haloxylon ammodendron, Suaeda monoica) and climbers (Hablitzia, Holmbergia).
  • Phylogeny and Morphological Evolution of the Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae Alliance Donald B

    Phylogeny and Morphological Evolution of the Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae Alliance Donald B

    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2003 Phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae alliance Donald B. Pratt Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons, and the Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Pratt, Donald B., "Phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae alliance " (2003). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 613. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/613 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
  • On the Flora of Australia

    On the Flora of Australia

    L'IBRARY'OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY. BOUGHT. THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEING AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. r^/f'ORElGN&ENGLISH' <^ . 1859. i^\BOOKSELLERS^.- PR 2G 1.912 Gray Herbarium Harvard University ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION. I I / ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEIKG AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. Reprinted from the JJotany of the Antarctic Expedition, Part III., Flora of Tasmania, Vol. I. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1859. PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. § i. Preliminary Remarks. PAGE Sources of Information, published and unpublished, materials, collections, etc i Object of arranging them to discuss the Origin, Peculiarities, and Distribution of the Vegetation of Australia, and to regard them in relation to the views of Darwin and others, on the Creation of Species .... iii^ § 2. On the General Phenomena of Variation in the Vegetable Kingdom. All plants more or less variable ; rate, extent, and nature of variability ; differences of amount and degree in different natural groups of plants v Parallelism of features of variability in different groups of individuals (varieties, species, genera, etc.), and in wild and cultivated plants vii Variation a centrifugal force ; the tendency in the progeny of varieties being to depart further from their original types, not to revert to them viii Effects of cross-impregnation and hybridization ultimately favourable to permanence of specific character x Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection ; — its effects on variable organisms under varying conditions is to give a temporary stability to races, species, genera, etc xi § 3.
  • Native Vegetation of Estuaries and Saline Waterways in South Western Australia

    Native Vegetation of Estuaries and Saline Waterways in South Western Australia

    Native vegetation of estuaries and saline waterways in south Western Australia Department of Conservation and Land Management 1997 USING THIS BOOKLET The Water and Rivers Commission has published two companion booklets, one entitled Native vegetation of freshwater rivers and creeks in south Western Australia and this present one, Native vegetation of estuaries and saline waterways in south Western Australia to encourage protection and restoration of the streamline vegetation which is vital to maintaining the ecology and water quality of our creeks, rivers and estuaries. It is hoped that these booklets will be useful to community rivercare and landcare groups and other people interested in local flora who wish to identify common plants found along the various types of waterways. If you are interested in joining volunteer rivercare groups, you can contact the appropriate local council or the Water and Rivers Commission. This booklet deals with the species commonly encountered near saline waterways and wetlands. Because the flora of Western Australia is rich and varied some of the species described here may be confused with plants of other habitats so ensure that your plant has come from a saline environment. The terminology has been simplified as far as possible and a glossary of terms is provided at the back. Inside the back cover there is a transect showing where the various plants may be found and a page index for each plant. For further information about the vegetation of saline waterways and other habitats a reference list is provided. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was prepared for the Water and Rivers Commission by Lisa Chalmers (Policy and Planning) and Judy Wheeler (Conservation and Land Management).
  • From Cacti to Carnivores: Improved Phylotranscriptomic Sampling And

    From Cacti to Carnivores: Improved Phylotranscriptomic Sampling And

    Article Type: Special Issue Article RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: Using and Navigating the Plant Tree of Life Short Title: Walker et al.—Phylotranscriptomic analysis of Caryophyllales From cacti to carnivores: Improved phylotranscriptomic sampling and hierarchical homology inference provide further insight into the evolution of Caryophyllales Joseph F. Walker1,13, Ya Yang2, Tao Feng3, Alfonso Timoneda3, Jessica Mikenas4,5, Vera Hutchison4, Caroline Edwards4, Ning Wang1, Sonia Ahluwalia1, Julia Olivieri4,6, Nathanael Walker-Hale7, Lucas C. Majure8, Raúl Puente8, Gudrun Kadereit9,10, Maximilian Lauterbach9,10, Urs Eggli11, Hilda Flores-Olvera12, Helga Ochoterena12, Samuel F. Brockington3, Michael J. Moore,4 and Stephen A. Smith1,13 Manuscript received 13 October 2017; revision accepted 4 January 2018. 1 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048 USA 2 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA 3 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK 4 Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Science Center K111, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH 44074-1097 USA 5 Current address: USGS Canyonlands Research Station, Southwest Biological Science Center, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA 6 Institute of Computational and Mathematical Engineering (ICME), Stanford University, 475 Author Manuscript Via Ortega, Suite B060, Stanford, CA, 94305-4042 USA This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record.
  • Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) in Italy

    Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) in Italy

    Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana ISSN: 1126-3504 (Print) 1724-5575 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tplb20 Taxonomic revision of the genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) in Italy D. Iamonico & I. Sánchez-Del Pino To cite this article: D. Iamonico & I. Sánchez-Del Pino (2016) Taxonomic revision of the genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) in Italy, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 150:2, 333-342, DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2015.1019588 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1019588 View supplementary material Accepted author version posted online: 16 Feb 2015. Published online: 18 Mar 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 104 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tplb20 Download by: [University of Florida] Date: 16 February 2017, At: 13:30 Plant Biosystems, 2016 Vol. 150, No. 2, 333–342, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1019588 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Taxonomic revision of the genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) in Italy D. IAMONICO1 &I.SA´ NCHEZ-DEL PINO2 1Laboratory of Phytogeography and Applied Geobotany, Section Environment and Landscape, Department of PDTA, Via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy and 2Centro de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica de Yucata´n, A. C. Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburna´ de Hidalgo, CP 97200 Me´rida, Yucata´n, Me´xico Abstract A taxonomic revision of the genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) in Italy is here presented.
  • 2019 Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania

    2019 Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania

    A CENSUS OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TASMANIA, INCLUDING MACQUARIE ISLAND MF de Salas & ML Baker 2019 edition Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Department of State Growth Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2019 A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island. 2019 edition MF de Salas and ML Baker Postal address: Street address: Tasmanian Herbarium College Road PO Box 5058 Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 UTAS LPO Australia Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia © Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Published by the Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery GPO Box 1164 Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia https://www.tmag.tas.gov.au Cite as: de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2019) A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart) https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/ 2 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2019 Introduction The Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania is a checklist of every native and naturalised vascular plant taxon for which there is physical evidence of its presence in Tasmania. It includes the correct nomenclature and authorship of the taxon’s name, as well as the reference of its original publication. According to this Census, the Tasmanian flora contains 2726 vascular plants, of which 1920 (70%) are considered native and 808 (30%) have naturalised from elsewhere. Among the native taxa, 533 (28%) are endemic to the State. Forty-eight of the State’s exotic taxa are considered sparingly naturalised, and are known only from a small number of populations. Twenty-three native taxa are recognised as extinct, whereas eight naturalised taxa are considered to have either not persisted in Tasmania or have been eradicated.
  • Phylogenetic Analyses of Amaranthaceae Based on Matk DNA Sequence Data with Emphasis on West African Species

    Phylogenetic Analyses of Amaranthaceae Based on Matk DNA Sequence Data with Emphasis on West African Species

    Turk J Bot Research Article 33 (2009) 153-161 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-0707-15 Phylogenetic Analyses of Amaranthaceae Based on matK DNA Sequence Data with Emphasis on West African Species Oluwatoyin T. OGUNDIPE1,*, Mark CHASE2 1Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, NIGERIA 2Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK Received: 19.07.2007 Accepted: 28.04.2009 Abstract: Comparative sequencing of the chloroplast matK coding and non-coding regions was used to examine relationship among the species of Amaranthaceae with emphasis on the West African species and other closely related family such as Chenopodiaceae, Portulacaceae, and Caryophyllaceae. Phylogenetic analysis of the matK sequences alone and in combination using maximum parsimony methods produced monophyletic lineage of Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae. Our results indicated that a polyphyletic Celosieae as sister to an Amaranthus-Chemissoa lineage. Subfamily Amaranthoideae is paraphyletic to the core Gomphrenoids. This study also shows that the polyphyly of Amarantheae is apparent and so is the polyphyly of Amaranthinae. Key Words: Amaranthaceae, matK, Phylogenetic analyses Introduction Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae are similar in Amaranthaceae, commonly called the Amaranth their morphology, anatomy, and phytochemistry (Brown, family, contains about 65 genera and 900 species. They 1810; Bentham & Hooker, 1880; Baillo, 1887; Volkens, are widespread and cosmopolitan in distribution but most 1893; Carolin, 1983; Kuhn et al., 1993; Townsend, abundant in tropics, subtropics, and warm-temperate 1993). Furthermore, based on serological studies, it is regions, evidently absent from alpine and arctic regions. believed that Amaranthaceae and the related sister family Centres of diversity for Amaranthaceae are south-western Chenopodiaceae should be merged together (Baillon, North America, Central America, South America, and 1887 & Mallingson, 1922).