Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in York

Home , Clifford Street (York), Coppergate, Derwenthorpe, Gillygate

City of York Council

2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

June 2018

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 City of York Council

Local Authority Andrew Gillah / Liz Bates Officers Economy and Place Directorate Department Public Protection

City of York Council Public Protection Address Hazel Court Eco Depot James Street York, YO10 3DS

Telephone (01904) 551525

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference ASR2018 number Date June 2018

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 City of York Council

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in York

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

City of York Council currently has two Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) where the health based national air quality objectives for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are currently exceeded. These AQMAs are located in the city centre (AQMA Order

No.4) and in Fulford (AQMA Order No.2). A third AQMA for NO2 was in existence along Salisbury Terrace between 2012 and 2017 (AQMA Order No.3). Following an Executive Member Decision Session in August 2017, this AQMA was revoked in 4 December 2017 . City of York Council has a statutory duty to try to reduce NO2 concentrations within the current AQMAs and additional obligations in relation to the protection of public health and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The main air pollutants of concern in York are NO2 and particulate matter (PM). Typically traffic is responsible for around 50-70% of the total NO2 at any particular location in the city, although the exact amount varies according to proximity to roads and other emission sources.

Recent air pollution monitoring data for York (2017) indicates that the annual average air quality objective for NO2 is still being breached at a number of locations around the inner ring road (within the city centre AQMA). However, annual mean

NO2 concentrations monitored at all real-time monitoring stations decreased in 2017 compared with levels monitored in 2016. This continues the general downward

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013 4 Annual Mean Concentrations of NO2 had remained been below objective levels for more than 3 years along Salisbury Terrace and hence the AQMA was revoked in December 2017

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 i City of York Council trend in NO2 concentrations monitored across the city since 2012. With respect to the city centre AQMA, exceedances of the health based annual mean NO2 objective (40µg/m3) were monitored in the Gillygate, Holgate, Lawrence Street and Rougier Street/George Hudson Street technical breach areas in 2017. Whilst maximum concentrations of NO2 monitored in the Nunnery Lane/Prices Lane and Fishergate technical breach areas were below the objective at 36.4µg/m3 and 36.2µg/m3 respectively, they are still considered elevated. It is therefore not considered appropriate to reduce the size of the city centre AQMA at this time. With respect to the annual mean NO2 objective, the existing city centre AQMA is considered necessary. This will be reviewed again as part of City of York Council’s next Annual Status Report (due June 2019).

Whilst CYC has monitored concentrations above the annual mean objective for

NO2, values are currently below the level that would be indicative of breaches of the hourly mean objective (60µg/m3). In City of York Council’s last Annual Status Report (June 2017) it was stated that if concentrations of nitrogen dioxide below 60µg/m3 were monitored throughout 2017, the boundary of the city centre AQMA would need amending accordingly (this area is currently declared on the basis of both the annual mean and hourly mean NO2 objective). As the highest annual mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide recorded by a diffusion tube in this area of the city during 2017 was 45.8µg/m3 it is proposed to amend the city centre AQMA to reflect that breaches of the hourly NO2 objecitve are no longer considered likely in this area.

Concentrations of NO2 monitored in the Fulford Road AQMA in 2017 were elevated but below the annual mean objecitve of 40µg/m3. The highest recorded levels of

NO2 were monitored at site C58, near the junction of Fulford Main Street and Heslington Lane (northbound carriageway) and were 35.3µg/m3. In the last Annual Status Report, submitted to DEFRA in June 2017, it was highlighted that at least 1-2 additional years of monitoring (demonstrating that levels of NO2 remain well under the annual mean objective) would be needed in this area before revocation could be considered. City of York Council is currently considering revoking this AQMA based on current montoring in the area, but is aware of a number of large scale developments outside the local authority boundary (within Selby District) that may have implications for traffic movements into York and through the Fulford AQMA. The likely air quality impacts of such developments are currently being explored in

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 ii City of York Council conjunction with York’s neighbouring authorities. It is anticipated that the issues will be brought to the attention of the Executive Member later in 2018, at which point a decision will be taken regarding the revocation of the AQMA. A futher update will be provided to DEFRA in City of York Council’s next Annual Status Report, due June 2019.

Concentrations of NO2 monitored in the former Salisbury Terrace AQMA continue to remain well below the health based annual mean objective of 40µg/m3. Monitoring will continue in this area to ensure that any future deterioration in air quality is detected.

In City of York Council’s last Annual Status Report it was highlighted that consideration should be given to extending the city centre AQMA to include new relevant exposure for the annual mean objective in Coppergate. Consideration of the monitoring results for Coppergate for the 2017 calendar year period has shown that although air quality has improved over the last 12 months, annual mean levels of NO2 are still being exceeded at relevant receptor locations. It is therefore proposed to extend the City Centre AQMA to include Coppergate. This amendment is subject to an Executive Member Decision Session, the outcome of which will be reported to DEFRA at the earliest opportunity.

National air quality objectives for PM10 are currently met in York. Health based objective levels for ultra-fine particulates have not yet been set for local authorities. 3 The EU limit value for PM2.5 is 25µg/m as an annual average with an additional requirement to reduce average urban background concentrations by 15% by 2020

(against a 2010 baseline). In 2017, the annual average PM2.5 concentrations measured at York’s three monitoring stations were 8.7µg/m3, 11.4µg/m3 and 8.4µg/m3 and were therefore well within the EU limit value.

DEFRA predict that the Yorkshire and Humberside Zone (which includes York) is expected to meet the EU limit values by 2020 (assuming all local Air Quality Action Plans within the zone are fully delivered). Air quality monitoring and modelling work undertaken by City of York Council indicates that with the proposed third Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP3) measures in place, the health based national air quality objectives for NO2 will be met in all the current air quality technical breach areas in York by 2021.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 iii City of York Council Actions to Improve Air Quality

City of York Council has previously produced two AQAPs in 2004 and 2006. These previous plans were primarily modal shift and congestion reduction based plans, with emphasis on reducing vehicle trips across the city.

Despite the introduction of two AQAPs, air quality in York continued to deteriorate between 2004 and 2010. In response, York adopted an overarching Low Emission Strategy (LES) in 2012 to tackle the issue. This document was the first of its kind in the UK and set out a new approach to local air quality management based on reducing emissions from all sources, including tailpipe emissions from individual vehicles and encouraging the uptake of alternative fuels and low emission vehicle technologies. The Low Emission Strategy has proved particularly effective at tackling emissions from essential service vehicles such as buses, taxis and HGVs, which fall outside the scope of trip reduction based modal shift measures.

Modal shift and congestion reduction measures remain fundamental to the delivery of air quality improvement and emission reduction in York. The primary local delivery programmes for these measures are the Local Transport Plan (LTP3) and the i-Travel York programme. These programmes include many measures to encourage the uptake of walking, cycling, and public transport in the city. They are supported by planning policies that ensure sustainable travel is embedded into all new development in York.

City of York Council’s third Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP3), adopted December 20155, sets out how York intends to continue to deliver its ambitious and pioneering overarching Low Emission Strategy (LES) and to work towards becoming an internationally recognised ultra-low emission city.

York’s overarching LES (October 2012) has already changed the way York delivers public transport and plans for future transport trips. Since the publication of the LES, York has:

 Delivered a new fully electric Park & Ride (P&R) site at Poppleton Bar and introduced electric buses at the existing Monks Cross Park & Ride site. As

5 AQAP3 available online at http://jorair.co.uk/data-downloads/reports/

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part of a new P&R contract, CYC has secured additional electric buses for other P&R routes.

 Retrofitted the world’s first electric double-decker sightseeing bus. Three additional sightseeing buses were converted in 2017. Transdev is currently working in partnership with City of York Council to convert the remaining two vehicles in the fleet to full electric drive.

 Converted around 16% (figure correct as of May 2018) of the taxi fleet (113 vehicles) to low emission alternatives (Euro 5+ hybrid or electric); a number of these were converted through our innovative CYC taxi incentive grant scheme. We have also implemented a new taxi licensing policy, specifying minimum emission standards for new or replacement taxis.

 Implemented an extensive ‘pay as you go’ fast charge public electric vehicle recharging network in addition to 11 publicly accessible rapid chargers across the city. The number of charging sessions per month is currently at capacity at just in excess of 1500 (this figure includes charging session by electric buses). Additional publically accessible ‘fast’ chargers are currently proposed for Foss Bank car park.

 City of York Council has been awarded £816,000 from the Office of Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) after becoming the only Yorkshire location out of eight in the country to achieve ‘Go Ultra Low’ city status. The money will be used to fund a network of charging hubs, providing ultra fast, reliable and convenient electrical charging. The first ‘hyper-hub’ is due to be installed at Monks Cross Park and Ride site later in 2018. This will consist of 4 x double rapid-charge units. Once completed, further hubs are proposed for installation at other Park and Ride sites across the city.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 v City of York Council

 Developed Low Emission Planning guidance – this guidance has been developed to accompany policy ENV1 ‘Air Quality’ of the Local Plan and outlines City of York Council’s design and mitigation expectations for all new developments in the city, including EV charging. The guidance aims to assist developers to improve air quality and lower transport emissions in line with the aims and objectives of the York Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) and Low Emission Strategy (LES).

 Launched an ECO-Stars Fleet Recognition Scheme. There are currently 95 members of the scheme (as of end of March 2018). The scheme was reviewed at the end of 2017 with emphasis for 2018 being the City of York Council fleet and York bus operators. Further information about the scheme can be found at http://www.jorair.co.uk/air-quality-in-york/eco-stars-scheme/

 Re-launched City of York Council’s dedicated ‘JorAir’ air quality website (www.jorair.co.uk). The website was comprehensively updated in 2017 with information about air pollution and health, low emission vehicles, air quality improvement/mitigation measures and the planning process.

 Taken part in National Clean Air Day(s) and undertaken a campaign to promote anti-idling with bus operators, taxis, LGVs and private motorists.

At the same time, York continues to deliver on walking, cycling and public transport improvements, maintaining its national reputation as a leader in sustainable transport.

York already has much to celebrate in relation to reducing emissions and protecting and improving the health of its residents. However, with an increasing population and thriving local economy, preventing further emission growth and improving air quality remain significant and difficult challenges for the foreseeable future.

Measures in AQAP3 are intended to build upon (but not replace) the modal shift based measures included in previous AQAPs, and are intended to support other emission reduction measures in the Climate Change Framework and Action Plan (CCFAP) and the Local Transport Plan (LTP3).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 vi City of York Council Conclusions and Priorities

Key findings and conclusions from this year’s Annual Status Report

 Average concentrations monitored across all air quality technical breach areas fell in 2017 compared with 2016. There is continuing evidence of a steady downward trend in nitrogen dioxide concentrations in York.

 On the basis of recent monitoring, the existing City Centre AQMA (AQMA Order No.4) boundary needs amending to include Coppergate and the buildings either side of the road. The air quality impact of a number of changes affecting traffic movements along Coppergate has been evaluated. Whilst these changes have had a positive impact in terms of local air quality throughout 2017, the annual

mean NO2 objective is still be exceeded at relevant locations on the street.

 The City Centre AQMA is currently declared on the basis of both the annual

mean and the hourly mean NO2 objective. Recent monitoring in relation to the

hourly mean NO2 objective has shown that breaches of this standard are no longer likely in the vicinity of Rougier Street / George Hudson Street / Bridge Street. The City Centre AQMA will be amended to reflect this.

 Concentrations of NO2 monitored in the Fulford AQMA (AQMA Order No.2) remained below the health based objective in 2017. City of York Council is currently considering revoking this AQMA, but is currently considering the potential traffic and air quality implications of developments in neighbouring local authority areas.

Local Priorities for City of York Council

City of York Council’s priorities for the coming year are:

 Reducing emissions from buses through further development of a Clean Air Zone (CAZ) - On 25 January 2018, City of York Council’s Executive approved the concept of a bus-based CAZ in York in 2020. The proposed CAZ is subject to further consultation with bus operators, York residents, businesses and other interested parties. The paper presented to City of York Council’s Executive, along with the decisions taken at the January meeting are available to view online at: http://democracy.york.gov.uk/ieListDocuments.aspx?CId=733&MId=10195&Ver =4

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 Introduce anti-idling measures – On 25 January 2018, City of York Council’s Executive approved the use of enforcement powers, where necessary, to supplement the existing awareness-raising activities in relation to vehicle idling in the city. Enforcement would only be taken as a last resort and would only be applicable to offences taking place on the public highway. Over the coming year City of York Council intend to erect signage in key locations around the city to remind drivers of their responsibilities with respect to idling.

 Continue to reduce emissions from taxis – following the adoption of a new Taxi Licensing policy in 2016, new vehicles applying to be licensed as taxis must meet a minimum Euro 5 emission standard for petrol, Euro 6 for diesel, or be ultra low emission vehicles from 1 June 2017 (for replacement hackney carriage vehicles) and from 1 November 2017 (for replacement private hire vehicles). These new licensing standards will see a gradual change in the taxi fleet operating within the city as vehicle licenses are renewed. Further opportunities will be sought to obtain funding for additional taxi incentives as and when these become available.

 Further delivery of strategic EV charging network - City of York Council’s successful Low Emission City bid will see the installation of York’s first ‘hyper- hubs’, providing ultra-fast, reliable and convenient electrical recharging. The first hyper-hub is due to be installed at the Monks Cross Park and Ride site. The hyper-hub will consist of 4 x double rapid-charge units. Once completed, further hubs are proposed for other Park and Ride sites in 2018/2019.

 Continuing to reduce emissions from new development – by continuing to require electric vehicle recharging infrastructure, Construction Environmental Management Plans (CEMPs) and, where appropriate, emissions mitigation plans on new developments.

 Reducing emissions from the council’s fleet – by switching from diesel to low and zero emission alternatives wherever practical. TRL (who manage the ECO- Stars scheme on behalf of CYC) hosted a workshop for the CYC Fleet Team in December 2017 to identify further opportunities for integrating low emission vehicles into the fleet. Charging infrastructure is now in place at the Hazel Court Eco Depot for charging up to 6 electric vehicles simultaneously. The introduction of further electric fleet vehicles is expected over the next 12 months.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 viii City of York Council

City of York Council will also continue to reduce ‘grey fleet’ trips by utilising City Car Club to provide a pool of low emission cars for exclusive use by CYC staff during office hours.

 Increasing awareness of the impact of air pollution of public health – via continued development of the JorAir website to include further information around the causes and consequences of poor air quality, especially health impacts of air pollution.

 Continued modal shift and network improvement measures – via both the LTP3 capital programme and i-Travel York sustainable travel programme.

Challenges faced by City of York Council

There are a number of challenges faced by City of York Council, and indeed the UK, with respect to air quality improvement measures and the ability of local authorities to meet health based air quality objectives in their areas. These include:

 The failure of current vehicle emission standards to deliver reductions in NOx emissions. There is still considerable uncertainty about the on-road performance of Euro VI diesel vehicles. If Euro VI vehicles do not perform as expected, the number of UK zones and agglomerations exceeding the EU limit values in 2020 may be greater than the number currently predicted by central government.

 The increasing number of diesel vehicles in York (which have increased primary

emission of NO2 and carcinogenic diesel particulate).

 Development related ‘emissions creep’ through increased development in the city.

 Unnecessary vehicle idling in the city, particularly amongst heavy diesel vehicles

The above factors are thought to be responsible for the continued existence elevated levels of NO2 concentrations in York and are considered to be the main reasons for the current AQMA designations.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 ix City of York Council Local Engagement and How to get Involved

Further information can be obtained from the air quality pages of City of York Council’s main website https://www.york.gov.uk/airquality, or from City of York Council’s dedicated air quality website http://www.jorair.co.uk.

Residents, businesses and other interested parties are encouraged to participate in consultations relating to air quality. These are advertised online at: https://www.york.gov.uk/info/20034/local_democracy/13/have_your_say_- _current_consultations

If you have any queries on Local Air Quality Management in York, please contact the Public Protection team using the details below:

Email: [email protected] Phone: 01904 551525 Write to: Public Protection (Air Quality) City of York Council Hazel Court Eco Depot, James Street York YO10 3DS

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 x City of York Council Table of Contents

Contents Page Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area i Air Quality in York i Actions to Improve Air Quality iii Conclusions and Priorities vii Local Engagement and How to get Involved x 1 Local Air Quality Management 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas 2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in 2.2 4 York PM – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions 2.3 2.5 24 and/or Concentrations Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality 3 28 Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 28 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites 28 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 28 3.2 Individual Pollutants 29

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 29

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) 33

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 33 3.3 Air Quality Indicators 35 3.3.1 Council Plan Air Quality Indicators 35 3.3.2 Local Transport Plan 37 4 Planning Application Review 39 Appendix A: Monitoring Results 56 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2016 92 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality 102 Monitoring Data QA/QC Appendix D: Maps(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs 112 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England 114 Glossary of Terms 115 References 116

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 xi City of York Council

List of Tables Page 2.1 Declared Air Quality Management Areas 3 2.2 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality 10 3.1 Monitoring results at site reference C58 31 3.2 Monitoring on Coppergate 32 Planning Applications Considered since June 2017 (since 4.1 40 submission of last ASR) A.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites 56 A.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 57

A.3 Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results 73

A.4 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results 85

A.5 Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results 86

A.6 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results 88

A.7 PM2.5 Monitoring Results 90

B.1 NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2017 92 C.1 Annualisation Summary 107 Distance Correction of Annual Means that were over the Annual C.2 109 Mean Objective of 40µg/m3 E.1 Air Quality Objectives in England 114

List of Figures Page Indicator CAN027 – Trends in average annual mean nitrogen 3.1 35 dioxide concentration in each area of technical breach Indicator CAN028 – Maximum nitrogen dioxide concentration (at 3.2 36 relevant location) in each area of technical breach Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations 3.3 38 measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites

A.1 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations 84

A.2 Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations 87 3 A.3 Trends in Number of 24-Hour Mean PM10 Results > 50µg/m 89

A.4 Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations 91 Map showing location of continuous monitoring sites in relation to D.1 112 AQMAs D.2 Map showing location of diffusion tubes in relation to AQMAs 113

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 xii City of York Council

1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in City of York Council’s area during 2017. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by City of York Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 1 City of York Council

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by City of York Council can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local- authorities?la_id=63. Alternatively, see Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the current and historical AQMA(s) in York.

Throughout 2017, we have evaluated the air quality impact of a number of changes affecting traffic movements on Coppergate. Although air quality has improved as a result of these changes (see section 3.2), annual mean levels of NO2 are still being exceeded at relevant locations on the street. It is proposed to extend the City Centre AQMA to include Coppergate and the buildings either side of the road. This amendment is subject to an Executive Member Decision Session, the outcome of which will be reported to DEFRA at the earliest opportunity. The City Centre AQMA will also be amended to reflect that breaches of the hourly mean NO2 objective are no longer considered likely in the vicinity of Rougier Street / George Hudson Street / Bridge Street (see section 3.2).

The Salisbury Terrace AQMA (AQMA Order No.3) was formally revoked on 14th December 2017, following approval at the Executive Member Decision Session on 7th August 2017. The Executive Member requested that current levels of monitoring along Salisbury Terrace should be retained to allow levels of nitrogen dioxide in this area to be reported in future Annual Status Reports and to ensure that any air quality deterioration is picked up.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 2 City of York Council

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas

Is air quality in Level of Exceedance (maximum the AQMA Pollutants monitored/modelled concentration influenced by AQMA Date of and Air City / One Line at a location of relevant exposure) Action Plan (inc. date roads Name Declaration Quality Town Description of publication) controlled by Objectives Highways At Declaration Now England? September City 2012 Inner ring road Centre NO Annual AQAP3 (supercedes 2 and properties AQMA Mean & York (City 3 3 Published Sept 2015 AQMA Order included within 6 NO 62µg/m 46µg/m (AQMA NO Hourly Centre) (available online at: No. 1 2 areas of Order Mean http://www.jorair.co.uk) declared Jan technical breach No.4) 2002) A19 corridor between Fulford Fishergate and AQAP3 AQMA York NO Annual the Outer Ring 3 3 Published Sept 2015 (AQMA March 2010 2 (Fulford NO 56µg/m 35µg/m Mean Road. Includes (available online at: Order No. Village) properties on http://www.jorair.co.uk) 2) Fulford Main Street only.

Parts of Water Salisbury End and the Terrace April 2012, York AQAP3 Leeman Road AQMA revoked 14 NO Annual (Leeman 3 3 Published Sept 2015 2 area. Includes NO 40µg/m 32µg/m (AQMA December Mean Road (available online at: properties on Order 2018 Area) http://www.jorair.co.uk) Salisbury No.3) Terrace only.

City of York Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 3 City of York Council

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in York

Defra’s appraisal of last year’s Annual Status Report supported the outlined measures to improve air quality across the city and accepted the conclusions reached for all sources and pollutants. The following updates are provided with respect to the boundaries of York AQMAs:

 Revocation of the Salisbury Terrace AQMA was approved by City of York Council’s Executive Member on 7 August 2017. The Executive Member requested that current levels of monitoring along Salisbury Terrace should be retained to allow levels of nitrogen dioxide in this area to be reported in future Annual Status Reports and to ensure that any future deterioration in air quality is picked up. The Salisbury Terrace AQMA was formally revoked on 14 December 2017 and recent monitoring for this area is reported in this Annual Status Report.

 City of York Council’s previous Annual Status Report (June 2017) concluded that the Fulford AQMA should be reviewed and considered for revocation as

concentrations of NO2 monitored in this areas had been below health based objectives for a number of years. It was also highlighted that consideration should be given to whether the boundary of the city centre AQMA should be extended to include new relevant exposure for the annual mean objective in Coppergate. Updates on both these issues are provided in section 3.2 of this report.

City of York Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.

More detail on these measures can be found in City of York Council’s third Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP3), available online at http://jorair.co.uk/data-downloads/reports/.

Key completed measures and progress include:

 City of York Council were involved in a number of promotional events during 2017 aimed at raising public awareness of air quality issues, including ‘The air we share’ event (10 Feb 2017), ‘Making the invisible visible’ event (18 March 2017) and National Clean Air Day (15 June 2017), which involved promoting anti-idling

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 4 City of York Council

practices with bus operators, taxis, LGVs and private motorists. Further promotional work around anti-idling is proposed for One Planet York Day on 12 June 2018 and this year’s National Clean Air Day, due to take place on 21 June 2018. Some photographs of activities undertaken for National Clean Air Day 2017 are available online at: http://jorair.co.uk/air-quality-in-york/photos/. Further photographs of this year’s Clean Air Day will be added to this site when available.

 Further development of the LES based Planning Guidance to accompany policy ENV1 ‘Air Quality’ of the Local Plan. The guidance outlines City of York Council’s design and mitigation expectations for all new development in the city (including EV charging). It aims to assist developers to improve air quality and lower transport emissions in line with the aims and objectives of the York Air Quality Action Plan and Low Emission Strategy. This note is current being used by City of York Council’s Public Protection team to ensure that air quality impacts of new developments in the city are appraised and mitigated appropriately.

 Continued roll-out of the new taxi licensing policy, that specifies minimum emission standards for new or replacement taxis. This new policy, in addition to our earlier support for local taxi drivers through the Low Emission Taxi Incentive Scheme, has resulted in 16% of local taxis upgraded to petrol hybrid or electric vehicles to date (figure correct as of May 2018).

 Continued delivery of the Strategic Electric Vehicle fast charge network in the city. The number of charging sessions per month is currently at capacity at just over 1500 (this figure includes charging session by electric buses). Additional publically accessible fast chargers are currently being installed at Foss Bank Car Park.

 City of York Council was awarded ‘Go Ultra Low’ city status in 2016 and awarded funding from the Office of Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV). The money will be used to fund a city-wide network of hubs, providing ultra fast, reliable and convenient electrical charging. The first hyper-hub is due to be installed at Monks Cross Park and Ride site later in 2018. This will consist of 4 x double rapid- charge units. Once completed, further hubs are proposed for other Park and Ride Sites around the city.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 5 City of York Council

 Continued to reduce CYC ‘grey fleet’ trips by working in partnership with City Car Club to provide a pool of low emission hybrid vehicles for exclusive use by CYC staff during office hours. In addition to promoting the use of low emission car clubs, CYC Public Protection also operates an electric vehicle to undertake day to day duties in relation to air quality work.

 Continuation of the York ECO Stars fleet recognition scheme. There are currently 95 members of the scheme (as of end of March 2018). The scheme was reviewed at the end of 2017 with emphasis for 2018 being the City of York Council fleet and York bus operators. Further information about the scheme can be found at http://www.jorair.co.uk/air-quality-in-york/eco-stars-scheme/

 City of York Council has been awarded £2.85m funding from the government’s national Productivity Investment Fund. The Smarter Travel Evolution Programme (STEP) takes advantage of York’s ultra fast fibre optic connectivity and the cutting edge transport research already being undertaken in the city. Detectors located on traffic lights, bollards and other street furniture will track vehicle movements by anonymous signatures collected from people using mobile data services. This will then be processed in real-time. STEP will transform the way the council manages the city’s roads, from changes to how traffic lights react to traffic flows through to designing junctions and road improvements. This will allow the council to better understand the impact of changes and demands on the network such as the impacts of new development sites, and to help manage and improve air quality in the city.

 With respect to bus services, the council and bus operators have worked together to improve York’s bus network in recent years through the York Quality Bus Partnership. Innovations in York have included:

 Improvements to bus information, including new on-street timetables and more real-time displays

 Two new Park and Ride sites at Askham Bar and Poppleton Bar

 Improvements to well used bus stops in the city centre including Museum Street and Exhibition Square

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 6 City of York Council

 New electric buses on the Poppleton and Monks Cross Park and Ride services

 New services such as the CityZap service between York and Leeds, and new vehicles and higher frequencies on some existing services

 Introduction of a multi-operator ‘All York’ ticket and a smartcard ticket

 The introduction of two bus wardens and the bus enquiry desk at the Railway Station to help passengers by providing travel information

In 2018, York will see further network improvements, including improved bus interchanges on The Stonebow and Rougier Street. New buses will also be introduced on Coastliner and EYMS services, in addition to new ticket machines across the First bus network that will allow contactless payments. In the longer term, changes are also proposed at York Railway station to create an improved bus hub.

Figures compiled by the Department for Transport (DfT) show that improvements made to York’s buses helped take 460,000 car trips off the city’s roads last year. The DfT’s annual statistics on public transport use show that the number of people using York’s buses has increased for the fourth year in a row. Last year there were 16.8 million passengers on York’s buses, compared with 15 million in 2012/13. This is a growth in passengers of 12 percent, which is in contrast with the rest of Yorkshire and Humber region which has fallen by 4 percent. Passenger satisfaction information, collected by Transport Focus on behalf of the York Quality Bus Partnership, also suggests that 90 percent of York’s bus passengers are satisfied with the service they receive – a rate above the national average of 87 percent, and above the rates for West and South Yorkshire.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 7 City of York Council

City of York Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year:

 Further development of a bus based Clean Air Zone (CAZ) in the city centre. At a meeting on 25 January 2018, City of York Council’s Executive agreed that the concept of a CAZ will be taken forward into a further consultation phase with operators, York residents, businesses and other interested parties. Subject to this consultation, it is anticipated that the CAZ will formally come into effect in 2020 and will see an Ultra Low Emission Standard (Euro 6 or cleaner) for the majority of bus services (94%) entering the inner ring road more than 5 times per day.

 Additional electric buses on the Park & Ride services (and upgrading of the remaining P&R fleet to Euro 6)

 Implementation of anti-idling measures via signage and a new Anti-Idling Enforcement Policy. At a meeting on 25 January 2018 it was agreed that that City of York Council officers would now be able to use enforcement powers, if necessary, to tackle unnecessary idling on the public highway.

 Further development of local incentives for low emission vehicles and alternative fuel use.

 Further modal shift and network improvement measures.

City of York Council’s priorities for the coming year are:

 Clean Air Zone – undertake further consultation with bus operators, residents and businesses, following approval of an Ultra Low Emission Standard for frequent bus services (agreed 25 January 2018) and agree responsibility for delivering key elements of the CAZ.

 Anti-idling Measures - Roll-out of anti-idling measures via signage in key locations and undertake further promotional work as part of National Clean Air Day 2018.

 Planning and delivery of strategic EV charging network – expand electric vehicle recharging facilities at key Park & Ride sites to include ‘hyper-hubs’, providing ultra-fast, reliable and convenient electrical recharging.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 8 City of York Council

Progress on the following measures has been slower than expected due to:

 Planning and delivery of CNG refuelling infrastructure (and freight consolidation centre). Whilst a feasibility study was completed in 2015, delivery is subject to third party investment and a suitable site being found. A potential site has previously identified based on location of high pressure gas mains to the south west of the city, however, this location is designated greenbelt and is therefore unlikely to be progressed.

 LES Marketing and Health Promotion - whilst considerable progress has been made in terms of delivery of many of the measures in City of York Council’s Low Emission Strategy (LES), a formal LES marketing strategy has not been progressed as per the original plans and timescales due to staff resources in Public Protection. However, we have recently launched a new air quality website (www.jorair.co.uk), undertaken presentations and awareness raising for councillors and residents and used social media to promote air quality and health messages. We have also undertaken promotional work as part of One Planet York and National Clean Air Day.

City of York Council anticipates that the measures stated above and in Table 2.2 below will help achieve compliance in all of the current AQMA technical breach areas by 2021. This is based on modelling work undertaken for City of York Council’s third Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP3) that assumed that all measures were delivered in full. The possible exception to this was Nunnery Lane, where modelling suggested that the low emission measures in AQAP3 would not be enough to completely offset the predicted development led traffic growth in this area6.

6 Expected under the Local Plan proposals as they stood at the end of 2014

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 9 City of York Council

Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date Individual buses crossing the inner ring road proposed to be ultra low emission from 2020. The main costs are associated with new buses (cost to third party operators). Measures to reduce emissions from buses are a critical part of City of York Council's AQAP. Failure to Supporting feasibility introduce a CAZ could studies completed. lead to older buses Timetable On 25 January 2018, Timetable being moved to York Every electric originally City of York Council's originally from other parts of the Number of bus introduced proposed Executive approved proposed UK or Ireland where Currently ultra low into the CAZ will introduction of a the concept of a bus introduction of a emissions standards Promoting in planning emission remove local Clean Air CAZ in 2018-19, based CAZ in York in CAZ in 2018- are in place. This AQAP3 Low Low Emission and buses emissions of Zone CYC but this is now 2020. The details are 19, but this is could result in possible (1) Emission Zone consultatio operating NO and PM (CAZ) proposed for 2 10 exact introduction now proposed legal challenge for Transport n phase within York and reduce CO 2020 to allow 2 date are subject to for 2020 to failure to take the until 2019. Inner Ring emissions by time for further consultation allow time for swiftest and most Road approx 35 necessary with bus operators, necessary effective action to tonnes. consultations York residents, consultations improve air quality. businesses and other There is a risk that interested parties. commercial bus services that offer only a marginal return to their operators would be at risk of being withdrawn as a result of the additional investment required to bring the vehicles up to 'Ultra Low Emission' standard. There is also the possibility that some bus operators would re-register their

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 10 City of York Council

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 11 City of York Council

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date Enforcement action would only be taken as a last resort and would only be applicable to offences taking place on the public highway. ECO-Stars scheme launched March 2013. Currently 95 members (as of end of March 2018). The scheme was A typical van reviewed at the end Continuation of the operator could of 2017 with scheme is subject to Further see its annual emphasis for 2018 external grant funding. developm output of carbon being the City of York Funding Further engagement ent of Fleet Number of dioxide fall by Council fleet and bus identified to Vehicle with bus operators is AQAP3 ECO- efficiency and CYC / DEFRA operators six tonnes per companies operating allow scheme to Fleet 2013/14 2013 - 2018 proposed in 2018 to (3) Stars recognition grant funded signed up to year (see within the city. TRL run until Efficiency conduct fleet Fleet schemes the scheme http://www.ecos (who manage the November reassessments and Recognitio tars- scheme on behalf of 2018. offer further advice in n Scheme uk.com/about- CYC) hosted a line with the proposed eco-stars/why- workshop for the Clean Air Zone. join/) CYC Fleet Team in December 2017 to identify further opportunities for integrating low emission vehicles into the council fleet. A vehicle CNG feasibility study running on CNG completed in 2013, Procuring has significantly potential site Planning alternative lower emissions identified based on and refuelling Subject to The delivery of a CNG Promoting of NO2, PM10 location of high delivery of infrastructure CYC and third external refuelling facility is AQAP3 Low To be To be and CO2 pressure gas mains CNG to promote party investment ongoing investment and subject to third party (4) Emission determined determined compared with to the south west of refuelling Low Emission (to be identified) planning investment and a Transport a diesel the city. However, infrastruct Vehicles, EV process suitable site. equivalent. this location is ure charging, Gas Detailed designated greenbelt. fuel recharging emission No investor or savings to be alternative location

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 12 City of York Council

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date determined at identified to date. planning application stage Freight delivery and Freight service Currently on and Freight improvement Depends on external AQAP3 plan for Delivery and hold due to lack delivery CYC ongoing ongoing N/A N/A study undertaken in investment and (5) key city service plans of staff managem 2013 planning process. centre resources. ent retailers and streets. Number of Freight The delivery of a city centre No investor or Freight and Freight CYC and third Freight Consolidation AQAP3 To be businesses To be suitable location To be consolidati delivery consolidation party investment ongoing Centre is subject to (5a) determined using determined (outside of greenbelt) determined on Centre managem centre (to be identified) third party investment consolidation identified to date. ent and a suitable site. centre. LES planning principles embedded into draft Local Development Plan. In line with the LES planning guidance, developers Aims to guidance included as are required to The Draft minimise Annex to AQAP3 and demonstrate how they Number of Supplementary additional being actively are mitigating site Developm publically Planning emission impact implemented. This is emission 'damage ent and Policy Accessible EV Guidance is of development being promoted costs' via the use of implement guidance Air quality parking bays currently being across the through YALPAG suitable mitigation AQAP3 ation of and planning and available in reviewed by CYC 2015 2016 entire York (Yorkshire and measures. Developers (6) LES developm policy York (some CYC's Forward area. Emission Lincolnshire Pollution may be required to off- based ent guidance deliverable via Planning Team savings Advisory Group). set large emission planning control planning with a view to generally The Low Emission damage costs via guidance process/condi going to calculated and Planning Guidance provision of on-site or tion) consultation reported per was reformatted as off-site facilities and/or later in 2018. development. Draft Supplementary contribution towards Planning Guidance to wider LES measures in accompany policy York. ENV1 'Air Quality' of the Local Plan. The guidance aims to

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 13 City of York Council

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 14 City of York Council

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date Following conditions approved by licensing committee in April 2016: Vehicles applying to be licensed as taxis must meet a minimum Euro 5 emission standard for The revised taxi petrol, Euro 6 for licensing diesel, or be ultra low conditions New Taxi Licensing emission vehicles from applied from 1 Reducing Policy approved April 1 June 2017 (for June 2017 (for emissions Number of 2016. 16% (figure replacement hackney Promoting replacement from taxis low emission correct as of April carriage vehicles), and AQAP3 low Taxi licensing hackney (taxi CYC 2016 ongoing taxis present 2018) of the taxi fleet from 1 November 2017 (7b) emission conditions carriage licensing in the CYC (124 vehicles) are (for replacement transport vehicles), and emissions taxi fleet currently low private hire vehicles). from 1 Nov controls) emission (Euro 5+ Operators may 2017 (for hybrid or electric) experience some replacement increased vehicle private hire replacement costs as vehicles). only modern vehicles meeting the required standards will now be licensed as taxis in York (n.b. taxis from outside York would not be subject to such standards). EV charging provided The money secured at 12 hotels in through the ULEC bid conjunction with Zero will be used to fund a Procuring Carbon World. city-wide network of Planning alternative Number of Implemented an hubs, providing ultra and refuelling Promoting publically extensive ‘pay as you fast, reliable and delivery of infrastructure AQAP3 Low Accessible EV go’ fast charge public convenient electrical strategic to promote CYC ongoing ongoing N/A ongoing (8) Emission parking bays electric vehicle charging. The first EV Low Emission Transport available in recharging network in ‘hyper-hub’ is due to be charging Vehicles, EV York addition to 11 publicly installed at Monks network charging, Gas accessible rapid Cross Park and Ride fuel recharging chargers across the site later in 2018. This city. The number of will consist of 4 x charging sessions per double rapid-charge

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 15 City of York Council

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 16 City of York Council

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date variations so there is something to suit every type of driver. As well as promoting the use of low emission car clubs, CYC Public Protection also lease an electric vehicle that is used as a pool vehicle and a The replacement of the business current diesel LCV fleet demonstrator. TRL will consider low (who manage the emission alternatives. ECO-Stars scheme On 25 January 2018, Company on behalf of CYC) Introductio City of York Council's vehicle Number of full hosted a workshop n of low Promoting Executive requested procurement – electric and for the CYC Fleet AQAP3 emission Low that a report be prioritising CYC ongoing ongoing electric hybrid - Team in December ongoing (9b) vehicles Emission prepared that uptake of low vehicles in 2017 to identify into CYC Transport considered introducing emission CYC fleet further opportunities fleet a minimum emission vehicles for integrating low standard in the emission vehicles into procurement of all the fleet. Charging future CYC fleet infrastructure is now vehicles and bus in place at the Hazel services. Court Depot for charging up to 6 electric vehicles simultaneously. The introduction of further electric fleet vehicles is expected over the next 12-18 months. Lightfoot trial CYC Eco- completed, Fuel driver Number of additive trial training Vehicle CYC staff completed, AQAP3 Driver training and Fleet CYC ongoing ongoing obtaining - Programme of ongoing - (9c) and Eco aids vehicle Efficiency ECPO driver mandatory HGV emission training driver training controls completed (including eco-driving element)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 17 City of York Council

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date Ad-hoc public communication work ongoing. Participated in Clean Air Day CYCs involvement in 2017. A full refresh National Clean Air Day and update of the (2017) involved a city- Council's dedicated wide programme of air quality site JorAir Marketing Number of anti-idling initiatives. was undertaken at and Public visitors on Clean Air Day 2018 will AQAP3 Via the the end of 2017. The Communi Informatio CYC 2014-2016 2017 upgraded N/A ongoing include further (10) Internet website has been cation n JorAir website promotional work comprehensively Strategy per annum around the subject of updated with anti-idling and a information about air number of air quality pollution and health, workshops with local low emission schools. vehicles, air quality improvement measures and planning. Lease of Nissan Leaf Local electric vehicle for incentives use as Public for low Number of Protection pool emission Company businesses vehicle and business vehicles Vehicle that have demonstrator. CYC and Promoting Procurement – installed EV has also provided Additional AQAP3 alternative Low Prioritising the CYC 2015 2016 charging and advice to other local ongoing demonstrator vehicles (11a) fuel use – Emission uptake of low trialled authorities regarding subject to funding EV Transport emission demonstrator the operation of chargers vehicles vehicle per electric vehicles and and annum the installation of business charging demonstra infrastructure within tors their areas. Local York residents are A total of 1616 Low incentives entitled to a discount of Emission Permits for low Promoting Number of 50% on the price of Priority were issued in 2017 AQAP3 emission Low low emission parking permit if they parking for CYC ongoing ongoing - (included 1097 ongoing (11b) vehicles Emission permits operate a low emission LEVs Household Low and Transport issued vehicle. Further Emission Vehicle alternative information about Permits) fuel use – discounts is available

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 18 City of York Council

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date Priority here: parking / https://www.york.gov.u reduced k/homepage/20/parkin parking g_and_travel fees for low emission vehicles Attracting Policy Low Provided advice to guidance Emission business on low Will support wider air AQAP3 and industries, Other policy CYC ongoing ongoing - Not quantifiable emission ongoing quality improvement (12) developm businesse technologies/solution measures ent s and jobs s as required control to York The i-Travel York programme was established following a successful bid for funding from the Department for Transport's Local Sustainable Transport Fund. The programme % mode split has been delivering an Modal Ongoing delivery and or Hard to integrated programme shift and funding of i-Travel walking/cyclin precisely of personal, business network York sustainable Promoting Intensive g/bus vs quantify but and school travel improvem travel programme - AQAP3 Travel active travel conventional target to planning, combined ent CYC ongoing ongoing see ongoing (13a) Alternativ campaign & car drivers increase modal with targeted measures https://www.itravelyor es infrastructure and car shift away from infrastructure (i-Travel k.info/ for further passengers % conventional enhancements to York details and current trips into city car increase people's campaign) updates centre travel choices since 2012. i-Travel York aims to inspire people in York to help look after our city - to keep it moving and keep the air clean - by considering travel options before making a journey.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 19 City of York Council

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date The council and bus operators have worked together to improve York’s bus network over the last few years through the York Quality Bus Partnership. Innovations in York Figures compiled by have included: the Department for Improvements to bus Transport (DfT) show information, including that improvements new on-street made to York’s buses timetables and more helped take 460,000 real time displays, car trips off the city’s two new park and roads last year. The ride sites at Askham DfT’s annual statistics Modal Bar and Poppleton on public transport use shift and Bar, fare reductions Public show that the number network Transport National and new tickets, transport of people using York’s improvem planning Annual Aim to increase improvements to well AQAP3 improvements buses has increased ent and CYC ongoing ongoing Passenger uptake of public used bus stops in the 2018 (13b) interchanges, for the fourth year in a measures infrastruct satisfaction transport city centre including stations and row. Last year there (Bus ure survey Museum Street and services were 16.8 million Improvem Exhibition Square, passengers on York’s ents) new electric buses on buses, compared to 15 the Poppleton and million in 2012/13. Monks Cross park This is a growth in and ride services, passengers of 12 introduction of percent, which is in refurbished electric contrast with the rest of open-top buses on the Yorkshire and the City Sightseeing Humber region which tour service, new has fallen by 4 percent. services, such as the CityZap service between York and Leeds, and new vehicles and higher frequencies on some existing services, introduction of a multi-operator “All

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 20 City of York Council

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date York” ticket and a smartcard ticket, the introduction of two “Bus Wardens” and the bus enquiry desk at the Railway Station to help passengers. In 2018 there will be further improvements to the network, particularly opening improved bus interchanges at Stonebow and Rougier Street. New buses will also be introduced on Coastliner and EYMS services. CYC’s third Local Transport Plan (LTP3), Modal covering the period to Measures in LTP3 shift and 2031, sets out the can be viewed online network Transport transport policies and Concentration at: improvem planning measures that will AQAP3 reduction https://www.york.gov. ent and Other CYC ongoing ongoing - ongoing contribute to the city's (13c) target in LTP3 uk/downloads/file/372 measures infrastruct economic prosperity and AQAP3 5/ltp3pdf (Also see (Other ure over the next 20 years, updates against LTP whilst meeting measure 13b) measures) challenging national and local targets for reducing emissions. Other air Introduction/In quality crease of Enforcement of Number of improvem Environment relevant air quality Environm scheduled Scheduled inspections AQAP3 ent charges legislation is currently ental CYC ongoing ongoing inspections ongoing undertaken by CYC (14) measures through permit undertaken by Permits completed per Public Protection staff. (non- systems and Regulatory Support annum transport economic and Advice. sources) instruments Provide Policy Updates available at: The Strategy will AQAP3 more Guidance Other policy CYC ongoing ongoing tba - https://www.york.gov. support policies in the (15) green and uk/info/20051/plannin Local Plan and the

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 21 City of York Council

Organisations Reduction in Estimated / Key Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Pollutant / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure Performance Progress to Date No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Emission from Completion to implementation Indicator Source Measure Date infrastruct Developm g_policy/637/green_i Council Plan, whilst ure ent nfrastructure_gi_strat being a focus for Control egy partnership working across York. The Strategy will establish a long term vision for the planning and management of Green Infrastructure across York, identifying where the protection and enhancement of green spaces and natural elements can be achieved, improvements in connectivity between places realised, and focal points for community and business involvement established. Transdev is currently Demonstration bus Further working in partnership converted to electric conversio Conversion to with City of York Number of drive. An additional 3 n of diesel Vehicle Vehicle electric drive Council to convert the CYC / Grant buses buses have now also 16 double Fleet Retrofitting 2015 2017/18 will remove bus 2018 remaining two vehicles Funding converted to been converted to decker Efficiency programmes tailpipe to full electric drive. electric electric drive ready tour buses emissions Additional charging for the 2018 summer to electric facilities currently being season. explored. A supplier has been Retrofittin Cleaner bus Vehicle Vehicle Number of chosen and retrofit g of CYC / Grant technology funding 17 Fleet Retrofitting 2015 2017 retrofitted work is expected to End 2018 school funding £308K obtained to Efficiency programmes school buses be completed later in buses support this 2018. Procuring Supply of green energy alternative to encourage the Solar Promoting Amount of Awaiting results of Refuelling uptake of electric panels at Low energy European Regional 18 infrastructure CYC 2016 2017 - 2018 vehicles. This project electric Emission generated by Development Fund to promote is subject to funding P&R sites Transport solar panels (ERDF) funding Low Emission through the European Vehicles, EV Regional Development

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 22 City of York Council

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 23 City of York Council

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of public exposure to particulate matter alone has been estimated to reduce average life expectancy in the UK by around six months and imposes a cost to public health of over £16 billion a year.

Air Pollution and Health in York

Based on national estimates, pro rata, between 94 and 163 people die prematurely in York each year due to the impacts of poor air quality. This is more than the combined estimate of those who die prematurely from obesity and road accidents. Public health framework indicator 3.01 states that the fraction of mortality in York attributable to anthropogenic (man-made) PM2.5 particulate air pollution is 4.8% of all deaths (82 deaths). The average for this indicator across England is 5.1%.

It is widely accepted that fine particulate matter has a significant impact on both morbidity and mortality and diesel emissions have been classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (part of the World Health Organisation). There is particular concern about the ‘black carbon’ fraction of particulate matter due to its health impacts, and its strong ability to absorb light energy and increase global warming. Black carbon emissions in urban environments arise predominantly from diesel transport, but are also a product of biomass combustion, used increasingly for energy production and space heating.

Emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and man-made particulate must be reduced to meet the health based national air quality objectives in York and improve public health. The main source of NOx and man-made particulate in York is traffic, particularly diesel vehicles.

Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(16) acknowledges that many local authorities will consider how to address PM2.5 alongside other pollutants when tackling their own fleets and services and/or work with communities and business to achieve

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 24 City of York Council improvements in air quality and that few standalone PM2.5 measures will be chosen (unless in order to address a very specific local problem).

To date CYC has produced two trip reduction / modal shift based Air Quality Action Plans (AQAPs) and has recently adopted a third Action Plan (AQAP3) focussing on reducing vehicle tailpipe emissions from the remaining vehicle fleet through the use of low emission technologies.

AQAP3 is the main delivery document for York’s overarching Low Emission Strategy (LES) (adopted in October 2002). York’s LES was the first document of its kind in the UK. It aims to reduce all emissions to air in the city as far as practicable and recognises that there are no ‘safe’ limits for particulate emissions, particularly PM2.5.

Further air quality improvement measures are also included in the Local Transport Plan and the draft Local Plan.

City of York Council is demonstrating a commitment to addressing PM2.5 through measures in its third Air Quality Action Plan. Some specific items related directly to reducing fine particulate emissions (and indeed related to reducing exposure to such emissions) are described below.

 Exposure Reduction through the Planning Process [Measure AQAP3(6)] - Air quality staff routinely comment on planning applications to ensure that new developments are designed in a way which minimises exposure to air pollution and further emission growth. The most recent approach requires developers to calculate the damage costs of the additional emissions that their developments will cause and to mitigate this using a range of sustainable transport and low emission vehicle measures. Such measures must be considered reasonable and proportional, relative to the damage costs associated with the development. Pre-planning advice is often provided on locations for key exposure sites (e.g. housing, schools, sports facilities, medical facilities etc) and the use of biomass heating systems is generally discouraged in urban areas and near sensitive receptors.

 Policy Led Exposure Reduction [Links to various AQAP3 measures] – City of York Council’s Public Protection team work alongside other council departments with joint inputs into key council policies that can impact on air quality and exposure reduction. Examples of previous joint policies include the Local

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 25 City of York Council

Transport Plan, Local Plan, Climate Change Strategy, Air Quality Action Plan and Low Emission Strategy. Work is now being undertaken to strengthen links between air quality and the Health and Well Being Strategy. The Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA) already recognises the importance of good air quality in delivering a number of key health outcomes, see http://www.healthyork.org.

 Information Led Exposure Reduction [Measure AQAP3(10)] - at the present time there is no single marketing and communications strategy at either a national or local level to deal with dissemination of public information on the links between health, air quality and transport. Within Public Health England (PHE) there is currently increasing interest in developing a national campaign and there are opportunities for York to get involved in this via the PHE Air pollution and public health advisory group which has historically been attended by one of City of York Council’s air quality officers. The ‘JorAir’ air quality website (www.jorair.co.uk) is used to communicate information locally about air quality and links to public health.

 Low Emission Vehicle Upgrades [AQAP3 Measures 16 & 17] - Following the launch of the world’s first retrofitted electric-powered double-decker bus, City of York Council has worked in partnership with Transdev to convert 3 additional sightseeing buses to electric drive. York has also secured £308k from Department for Transport’s Clean Bus Technology Fund to retrofit 28 school buses used in around York with the latest Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) exhaust technology.

 Clean Air Zone [Measure AQAP3(1)] – York is working towards the delivery of a Clean Air Zone (CAZ) which will aim to ensure that the most frequent diesel based bus services in the city utilise the latest engine technology. Two Park and Ride routes have already been converted to mainly electric buses. Low emission

buses will considerably reduce the amount of fine particulate (as well as NOx) emitted in the city.

 Low Emission Taxis [Measure AQAP3(7)] – York has pioneered a taxi grant scheme aimed at encouraging taxi drivers to move away from diesel to petrol hybrid taxis. Through this scheme, the number of petrol hybrid taxis in the York fleet has been increased to around 16%. Petrol hybrid cars produce significantly

less PM2.5 emissions than diesel equivalents. York has also updated its taxi

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 26 City of York Council

licensing policies to encourage new vehicles entering the fleet to be mainly hybrid vehicles meeting ultra low emission vehicle standards.

 Low Emission Vehicle Events – In the past few years, York has held Low Emission Vehicle events for the public at the McArthur Glen Designer Outlet [Electric Vehicle Show (April 2013) and Greenwheels Event (April 2016)]. Following on from the success of these events, the city has aspirations to eventually open a publically accessible electric vehicle demonstration centre in the city (but funding has not yet been secured). Promotional activities have historically been focused on a number of local businesses where electric vehicle recharging points have been installed. A demonstration electric vehicle has been also been purchased by the council.

 Smoke Control Areas – Under the requirements of the Clean Air Act, certain areas of York have been designated Smoke Control Areas (SCAs), where emissions of smoke from chimneys of domestic properties are prohibited.

Future Opportunities for PM2.5 measures

Links between Public Protection and Public Health have strengthened significantly over the last few years and synergies between these work areas have been identified and links between teams continue to evolve and strengthen. There are aspirations to provide a greater role for the Director of Public Health and colleagues in the Public Health team in the development and delivery of air quality improvement measures, including full involvement in any future air quality steering group activities for the city.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 27 City of York Council

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

Since 1999, real-time monitoring of nitrogen dioxide and other pollutants has been undertaken at a total of 14 locations across York. Details regarding these sites have been documented in previous air quality reports submitted to DEFRA and the details of current monitoring are provided in Appendix A.

In addition to real time monitoring, City of York Council has also historically undertaken nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring at up to 340 locations in the city. Results from this diffusion tube monitoring programme were last reported in the Annual Status Report (June 2017)7. City of York Council currently undertakes diffusion tube monitoring at 233 sites in the city.

There have been no significant changes to City of York Council’s overall monitoring strategy in the last 12 months.

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.

City of York Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at 9 sites during 2017. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. NB. Local authorities do not have to report annually on the following pollutants: 1,3 butadiene, benzene, carbon monoxide and lead, unless local circumstances indicate there is a problem. National monitoring results are available online at http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/.

Maps showing the locations of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

City of York Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 233 sites during 2017. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

7 Annual Status Report (2017) available online at http://jorair.co.uk/data-downloads/reports/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 28 City of York Council

Maps showing the locations of the diffusion tube monitoring sites are provided online at http://www.jorair.co.uk/data-downloads/air-quality-data/. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, annualisation and distance (to nearest relevant location). Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

For diffusion tubes, the full 2017 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B.

Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year. The only breaches of the hourly limit value in the last 5 years were at Lawrence Street in 2015, where 2 breaches of the 200µg/m3 were recorded.

Annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations decreased at all real-time monitring stations in 2017 compared with levels monitored in 2016. Concentrations fell by a minimum of 4.4% (Fishergate) and a maximum of 17.6% (Nunnery Lane). Figure A.1 in Appendix A shows trends in the annual mean NO2 concentrations as monitored at continuous monitoring sites over the last 6 years. There is a general downward trend in NO2 concentrations between 2012 and 2017.

With respect to the City Centre AQMA (AQMA Order No.4), exceedances of the 3 health based annual mean NO2 objective (40µg/m ) were monitored in the Gillygate, Holgate, Lawrence Street and Rougier Street/George Hudson Street technical breach areas in 2017. Whilst maximum concentrations of NO2 monitored in the Nunnery Lane/Prices Lane and Fishergate technical breach areas were below the objective at 36.4µg/m3 and 36.2µg/m3 respectively, they are still considered elevated.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 29 City of York Council

In addition, as these areas form part of the York inner ring road and are likely to experience similar traffic volumes to the other technical breach areas within the city centre AQMA, it is considered that all such areas should be managed together. It is therefore not considered appropriate to reduce the size of the city centre AQMA at this time. This will be reviewed again as part of City of York Council’s next Annual Status Report (due June 2019).

Whilst CYC has monitored concentrations above the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide, values are currently below the level that would be indicative of breaches of the hourly mean objective (60µg/m3). In City of York Council’s last Annual Status Report (June 2017) it was stated that if concentrations of nitrogen dioxide below 60µg/m3 were monitored throughout 2017, the city centre AQMA would need amending accordingly (this area is currently declared on the basis of both the annual mean and hourly mean NO2 objective). As the highest annual mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide recorded by a diffusion tube in this area of the city during 2017 was 45.8µg/m3 (Tube 110 on George Hudson Street) it is proposed to ammend the City Centre AQMA to reflect that breaches of the hourly NO2 objecitve are no longer considered likely in this area.

Concentrations of NO2 monitored in the Fulford Road AQMA in 2017 were elevated 3 but below the annual mean objecitve of 40µg/m . The highest recorded levels of NO2 were monitored at site C58, near the junction of Fulford Main Street and Heslington Lane (northbound carriageway) and were 35.3µg/m3. This site has consistently exhibited the highest NO2 concetrations in the Fulford AQMA technical breach area for a number of years. The bias corrected annual mean results from this site for the last 6 years are shown below. Upper confidence limits are also shown for information, which indicate the maximum potential concentration of NO2 recorded in this location, given the precision of the diffusion tube monitoring technique.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 30 City of York Council

Table 3.1: Monitoring results at site reference C58

Tube Ref: C58 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Annual Mean NO 2 43.2 36.3 39.5 36.8 35.5 35.3 Concentration (µg/m3)

Upper Confidence Limit 46.6 37.7 41.5 38.4 37.2 36.5 (µg/m3)

Pollutant concentrations will vary from year to year due to the influence of meterological conditions and DEFRA guidance makes it clear that authorities should avoid cycling between declaring, revoking and declaring again simply due to these variations. For this reason, it is expected that authorities will need to consider measurements carried out over several years or more, national trends in emissions as well as local factors that may affect the AQMA, including measures introduced as part of the Air Quality Action Plan, together with information on high and low pollution years.

In the Annual Status Report submitted to DEFRA in June 2017 it was highlighted that at least 1-2 additional years of monitoring (demonstrating that levels of NO2 remain well under the annual mean objective) would be needed in this area before revocation could be considered. As the highest concentration of NO2 monitored in this area in 2017 was 35.3µg/m3, City of York Council is currently considering revoking this AQMA, but is currently considering the potential traffic and air quality implications of developments in neighbouring local authority areas that may impact upon the AQMA.

Concentrations of NO2 monitored in the former Salisbury Terrace AQMA in 2017 were all well below the annual mean objective of 40µg/m3. Monitoring results indicate that the health based annual mean nitrogen dioxide continues to be met in this area and that City of York Council was correct to revoke this AQMA.

In City of York Council’s last Annual Status Report, submitted to DEFRA in June 2017, it was highlighted that consideration should also be given to extending the city centre AQMA to include new relevant exposure for the annual mean objective in Coppergate. Monitoring results on Coppergate are summarised in table 3.2 below.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 31 City of York Council

Table 3.2: Monitoring on Coppergate

3 Bias Corrected Annual Mean NO2 (µg/m ) Tube (Upper Confidence Limit (µg/m3) shaded below) Location reference 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Drainpipe at side of card 42.8 44.3 41.9 40.3 37.7 D50 shop, Coppergate 44.5 46.6 43.6 42.2 39.1 51.7 Three Tuns Pub, 12 - - 47.4 42.1 D56 (estimate) Coppergate - - 49.7 43.6 37.1 35.7 30.3 Lamppost 4, Pedestrian - - D57 (estimate) (estimate) (estimate) Crossing, Coppergate - - - -

44.0 Traffic lights, opposite - - 38.9 38.7 D58 (estimate) Duttons, Coppergate - - 40.8 40.16

The Three Tuns Pub (on which tube D56 is located) is considered to be a relevant location as there is living accomodation at first floor and above. The tube is located on a drainpipe on the pub facade between ground and first floor level and has indicated an exceedence of the annual mean NO2 objective for the last 3 years. Based on these diffusion tube monitoring results it is considered likely that the annual mean NO2 objective is being exceeded at one or more relevant locations on the street.

In City of York Council’s last Annual Status Report (June 2017) it was highlighted that from the end of 2016 there were a number of changes affecting traffic movements on Coppergate that were likely to have a significant positive impact in terms of air quality (reinstatement of traffic restrictions and changes to bus services). It was agreed with DEFRA that the air quality impacts of these changes would be evaluated before the City Centre AQMA was amended. Consideration of the monitoring results for the 2017 calendar year period has shown that although air quality has improved, annual mean levels of NO2 are still being exceeded. It is proposed to extend the City Centre AQMA to include Coppergate. This amendment is subject to an Executive Member Decision Session, the outcome of which will be reported to DEFRA at the earliest opportunity.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 32 City of York Council

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

Trends in annual mean PM10 concentrations are shown in Figure A.2 and demonstrate that PM10 concentrations have generally fallen at roadside locations (Fishergate, Holgate and Plantation Drive) over the last 6 years. Annual mean concentrations of PM10 monitored at the Bootham background site increased between 2012 and 2014, remained relatively constant between 2014 and 2016, and fell slightly between 2016 and 2017.

Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year. Trends in the number of exceedences since 2012 are shown in Figure A.3.

Tables A.5 and A.6 demonstrate that there were no exceedances of the annual mean or daily mean PM10 objectives in York during 2017. This has been the case since monitoring of PM10 was established in the city.

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Although not explicitly required under the Local Air Quality Management regime, where Local Authorities undertake PM2.5 monitoring they are encouraged to report it as part of the Annual Status Report. Micro-particulate, or PM2.5, is the pollutant which has the biggest impact on public health and on which the Public Health Outcomes framework (PHOF) indicator is based.

City of York Council monitors PM2.5 at three locations in the city, namely Bootham (urban background site), Fishergate (roadside site) and Gillygate (roadside site).

Monitoring of PM2.5 at Fishergate and Bootham is carried out as part of DEFRA’s Automatic and Rural Monitoring Network (AURN). Monitoring at Gillygate was established by City of York Council as a result of the growing concerns over the health impacts of PM2.5.

Table A.7 in Appendix A presents the ratified and adjusted monitored PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years. Figure A.4, also in Appendix A, demonstrates trends in annual mean PM2.5 concentrations since 2012.

Concentrations of PM2.5 appeared to be relatively consistent over the last 5 years,

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 33 City of York Council peaking in 2014 and then decreasing year on year since that date. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 decreased slightly between 2016 and 2017. No exceedances of the annual mean PM2.5 objective have been recorded to date since monitoring of PM2.5 was established. It should be noted that as the Volatile

Correction Model (VCM) has not yet been proven to work for PM2.5, all data remains as ‘PM2.5 TEOM data’ and has not been corrected using this approach.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 34 City of York Council

3.3 Air Quality Indicators

3.3.1 Council Plan Air Quality Indicators

Two air quality indicators have been developed for City of York Council’s ‘Council Plan’. These are used to look at trends in air quality across AQMAs/technical breach areas and are as follows:

CAN027 – Average Annual mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration in each area of Technical breach. This indicator provides an average nitrogen dioxide concentration based on all monitoring undertaken in each area of technical breach. The Salisbury Terrace AQMA (revoked 2017) is also shown for information. Monitoring results include bias corrected diffusion tube data and data from continuous monitors (if applicable). Trends in recent years are shown in figure 3.1 below.

Figure 3.1: Indicator CAN027 – Trends in average annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentration in each area of technical breach

Whilst average concentrations across the majority of technical breach areas increased marginally in 2016 compared with 2015, in 2017 concentrations fell in all

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 35 City of York Council areas. There is evidence of a steady downward trend in nitrogen dioxide concentrations over the last 8 years.

CAN028 - Maximum Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration (at relevant location) in each area of Technical Breach. This indicator provides a maximum recorded annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentration in each area of technical breach. The Salisbury Terrace AQMA (revoked 2017) is also shown for information. This only considers monitoring at relevant locations and thus is useful to look at the validity of existing AQMA boundaries year to year.

Figure 3.2: Indicator CAN028 – Maximum nitrogen dioxide concentration (at relevant location) in each area of technical breach

Figure 3.2 above demonstrates that the maximum annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentration at a relevant location was below the annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 at 3 of the 7 current areas of technical breach (note: the Salisbury Terrace AQMA was revoked in 2017 but is shown for information). However, based on the precision analysis carried out on the diffusion tube results and consideration of results from previous years, the only areas considered to be below the annual mean objective are Salisbury Terrace and Fulford Main Street. Monitoring results (upper 95%

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 36 City of York Council confidence limits) for the 2017 calendar year from the Prices/Nunnery Lane and Fishergate technical breach areas were both 38µg/m3 (i.e. just under the objective level).

Monitoring results for the former Salisbury Terrace AQMA indicate that the health based annual mean nitrogen dioxide continues to be met in this area and that City of York Council was correct to revoke this area in 2017.

Monitoring results for Fulford Main Street indicate that this area has remained within the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective for the third year (2015, 2016 and 2017). Further commentary on the proposed course of action for the Fulford AQMA is provided in section 3.2.1.

3.3.2 Local Transport Plan For the purpose of monitoring the impact of York’s Local Transport Plan (LTP) a local air quality indicator has been established. This indicator measures the mean of annual average results obtained from 36 diffusion tubes located within York’s city centre AQMA.

Figure 3.3 below shows the results from this indicator for the period 2002 to 2017. As can be seen from figure 3.3, nitrogen dioxide concentrations across the city were in general decline between 2002 and 2005. This was followed by a steady increase in concentrations between 2006 and 2010. Between 2010 and 2017 concentrations of nitrogen dioxide within the city centre AQMA improved again, with levels of nitrogen dioxide across all the sites used for the indicator falling to 30µg/m3 in 2017. This is the lowest recorded value since the indicator was established in 2002.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 37 City of York Council

Figure 3.3: Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 38 City of York Council

4 Planning Application Review

The land-use planning system is recognised to play an integral part in improving air quality. This requires close co-operation between planners and environmental health practitioners.

City of York Council regularly reviews applications with respect to potential air quality and other environmental impacts. Table 4.1 provides a list of those planning applications that have been considered in relation to air quality by City of York Council’s Public Protection team since the last Air Quality Progress report in June 2017. A formal air quality impact assessment has been requested for some of these applications. Where applications listed in the June 2017 ASR were marked as’ awaiting decision’, an update has been provided in the table.

The Annual Status Report provides an opportunity to keep a record of such applications to provide a picture of where changes in air quality may occur in the future. The information presented is also useful to identify where combined impacts of several developments may become important.

It should be noted that electric vehicle recharging is now requested for all residential properties where secure parking is provided (secure parking is defined as a house with a garage or private driveway). Due to the large number of applications that this applies to, these have been omitted from the table below.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 39 City of York Council Table 4.1: Planning Applications Considered since June 2017 (since submission of last ASR) [N.B. Comments provided relating to application status reflect the position as of 21 May 2018]

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference Recommended conditions regarding CEMP and EV charging. Comments also made Outline application for the Outline in relation to the Travel Plan Awaiting decision 14/02789/OUTM development of the former British Application provided for the site. (reviewed 21/5/2018) Sugar site Contribution sought for continued air quality monitoring in the vicinity of the site. Conditions suggested regarding Awaiting decision the provision of electric vehicle (reviewed 21/5/2018 - 15/00166/FULM Development of 188 dwellings Full Application recharging on the site. determination Emissions mitigation statement deadline extended requested for the site. until 31 May 2018)

Conditions suggested regarding Awaiting decision the provision of electric vehicle (reviewed 21/5/2018 - 15/00167/FULM Development of 69 dwellings Full Application recharging on the site. determination Emissions mitigation statement deadline extended requested for the site. until 31 May 2018)

Residential development of 130 dwellings with associated public Recommended condition open space and allotments, Land At regarding CEMP, electric vehicle Awaiting decision 15/00183/FULM Full Application Boroughbridge Road To The South recharging and emission (reviewed 21/5/2018) West Of Former Civil Service Club mitigation package and Trenchard Road

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 40 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

The application was reviewed on the basis of it potentially changing traffic movements in the general area. As traffic Construction of egress route from already exists on the network car park to rear of presbytery and and trip generation for the site is church hall, relocation of gate posts was not proposed the change, no Approved 15/02941/FUL Full Application and erection of gates. English air quality assessment was (11 August 2017) Martyrs Roman Catholic Church, requested. Public Protection did Dalton terrace, York, YO24 4DA ask, however, that some consideration was given to how any dust impacts would be mitigated during construction phases.

Change of use from warehouse to Conditions recommended gym. London Ebor Developments regarding provision of at least Awaiting decision 16/02545/FUL Plc, Millfield Business Centre, Full Application one electric vehicle recharging (reviewed 21/5/2018) Millfield Lane, Nether Poppleton, point on the site York, York, YO26 6PB

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 41 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

Approved (14 August 2017)

Biomass boiler considered acceptable in terms of air quality impacts, subject to conditions Comments raised in relation to regarding type of Two storey extension with the installation of a biomass boiler used and stack associated demolition works to boiler and the potential impact on height of at least 16/02653/FUL provide new laboratories etc. Full Application local air quality in the vicinity of 11.8m (see condition Bootham School, 51 Bootham, York, the site. Air quality screening 9). Prior to the YO30 7BT assessment requested to assess proposed biomass the impact on local air quality. boiler being brought into operation a management was also required (see condition 8) covering fuel specification and boiler maintenance regime.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 42 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

As it is the conversion of the factory buildings rather than the creation of the road itself that will generate additional vehicular movements, specific comments in relation to air quality and low emissions mitigation measures will be provided at a later stage in Construction of access road with Approved response to future applications associated landscaping and highway (20/6/2017) 16/02815/FUL Full Application for the site. A Construction works, The Cocoa Works, Haxby Environmental Management Plan Road, York, YO31 8TA (CEMP) was requested for the current application to indentify steps and procedures that will be implemented to minimise the creation and impact of noise, vibration and dust during construction phases of the access road. Approved (14/9/2017)

17/00284/FULM - The Cocoa Works, Application for conversion and Condition 6 required Haxby Road, York, YO31 8TA. extension of the former almond a Construction 17/00284/FULM Conversion and extension of the Full Application and cream blocks to form 263 Environmental former Almond and Cream blocks to apartments Management Plan form 263no. Apartments (CEMP). Condition 20 required provision of at least 4 electric

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 43 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference vehicle recharge points, serving four dedicated car parking bays, which should be marked out for the exclusive use of electric vehicles.

Awaiting decision (reviewed 21/5/2018)

Review of updated Reserved matters application for Comments made in Reserved Environmental Statement 12/01749/REMM Germany Beck Site, East Of relation to emissions Matters (updated from 2012 Fordlands Road, York assessment and Environmental Statement) electric vehicle recharging provision on the site

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 44 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

As a result of updated traffic data Awaiting decision associated with the scheme and (reviewed 21/5/2018) access arrangements there is the potential for air quality impacts to Annual mean and occur at locations that are short term mean Outline application for the different to that reported in the concentrations of development of the site comprising original air quality chapter of the NO and PM were up to 1,100 residential units, 2 Outline Environmental Statement. predicted to be below 15/00524/OUTM community uses and new public Application Revised air quality modelling the relevant air open space. British Sugar work was therefore carried out to quality objective Corporation Ltd, Plantation Drive, determine if there were any values in all York, YO26 6XF impacts over and above that scenarios considered. shown in the previous Air quality impacts Environmental Statement were therefore not submitted in support of the considered to be scheme. significant.

A condition was requested Approved regarding the provision of non- (6/10/2017) Conversion of ground floor pub to opening windows and retail with new shop front and mechanical ventilation to all Condition 11 stated change of use of first and second habitable rooms facing on to that all windows to 17/00580/FULM floors to 18 studio apartments with Full Application Gillygate. This was requested on habitable rooms two storey rear extension. The the basis of nearby nitrogen facing onto Gillygate Fleeting Arms, 54 Gillygate, York, dioxide diffusion tube monitoring should be non- YO31 7EQ indicating breaches of the annual opening with mean NO2 objective to the front ventilation provided of the development. through continuous

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 45 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference mechanical supply and extract to the rear of the building.

Approved Conversion and part demolition of (13/2/2018) Condition recommended former care home to provide 32 no. regarding provision of at least 17/01129/FUL apartments. Grove House, 40 - 48 Full Application Condition 15 required one electric vehicle recharging Penleys Grove Street, York, YO31 the provision of 1 point on the site 7PN electric vehicle recharge point

Approved Change of use of offices to 150 no. (15/9/2017) Condition recommended bed hotel and erection of single regarding provision of at least 17/01228/FULM storey extension and new roof Full Application Condition 14 required one electric vehicle recharging storey. Aviva Yorkshire House, 2 the provision of 1 point on the site Rougier Street, York electric vehicle recharging point

A condition was requested Approved regarding the provision of non- (20/9/2017) Conversion of first floor flat and roof opening windows and space into 3 no. apartments with mechanical ventilation to all Condition 4 required 17/01451/FUL Full Application external alterations. First Floor Flat, habitable rooms at first and all windows to 24 Gillygate, York second floor level. This was habitable rooms (at requested on the basis of nearby first and second floor nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube level) to be non-

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 46 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference monitoring indicating breaches of opening, with the annual mean NO2 objective ventilation provided to the front of the development. through continuous mechanical supply and extract to the rear of the building.

Amendments to approved layout to Approved create surface car parking for blocks (17/8/2017) C and D associated with application Condition recommended 17/01506/FUL 15/02840/FULM for residential Full Application regarding 2 electric vehicle Condition 6 required development on former chocolate recharging points the provision of 2 works. The Residence, Bishopthorpe electric vehicle Road, York, YO23 1DQ recharge points

Residential development of 266 dwellings with associated access, Facilities sought for recharging Awaiting Decision public open space, landscaping and 14/02979/FULM Full Application electric vehicles at all dwellings (reviewed 21/5/2018) infrastructure. Former Civil Service with off-street parking Club And Agricultural Land To The North Boroughbridge Road, York

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 47 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

Approved (24/11/2017)

Part conversion of upper floors to Conditions 7 and 8 form 1no. flat and associated works Requested conditions requiring required a ventilation to shop front to accommodate non-opening windows and 17/01816/FUL Full Application strategy and non- entrance to flat and installation of mechanical ventilation to first and opening windows internal spiral staircase. second floor habitable rooms. respectively for first 4 Bridge Street, York and second floor habitable rooms facing Bridge Street.

Based on recent monitoring in the local area it was not considered that sealed glazing or mechanical ventilation would be Conversion of basement and ground required for habitable rooms floor from restaurant to office, and facing Clifford Street at first floor Approved 17/02224/FULM upper floors from office to 10 no. Full Application level and above. The office (12/1/2018) dwellings. Fiesta Latina, 14 Clifford space proposed for the ground Street, York, YO1 9RD floor was not considered to be a sensitive use in terms of long term exposure to air pollution and therefore no air quality mitigation was required at this level.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 48 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

Informative included Approved Proposed change of use of first, recommending windows to (11/12/2017) second and third floor offices to 16 General habitable rooms facing Nessgate

17/02451/ORC no. residential units. Permitted should be non-opening, with Air quality informative Bank Of Scotland, 6 Nessgate York, Development ventilation provided through included on decision YO1 9NP continuous mechanical supply notice and extract (with heat recovery)

Outline application for 165 dwellings, Awaiting Decision Conditions recommended care home (approx 80 bed), health (reviewed 21/5/2018 regarding electric vehicle and public service building and Outline – determination 17/02429/OUTM recharging and submission of a associated green space, access and Application deadline extended Construction Environmental infrastructure. Former Lowfield until 16 June 2018) Management Plan (CEMP) School, Dijon Avenue, York

Erection of 96no. two and three Conditions recommended Awaiting Decision storey houses, 26no. bungalows and regarding electric vehicle (reviewed 21/5/2018 three storey 18no. apartment 17/02428/FULM Full Application recharging and submission of a – determination building with new access and Construction Environmental deadline extended associated infrastructure. Former Management Plan (CEMP) until 16 June 2018) Lowfield School, Dijon Avenue, York

Change of use of retail unit (use Awaiting Decision class A1) to 1no. apartment (use Condition recommended (reviewed 21/5/2018 17/02484/FUL class C3) with associated alterations Full Application regarding non-opening windows – determination to shop front. Platinum E-Liquid, 18 and mechanical ventilation deadline extended) Fishergate, York, YO10 4AB

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 49 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

Air quality in the vicinity of the proposed development has improved in recent years. Whilst Approved Change of use from office (B1) to comments were made in relation (20/12/2017) residential flat (C3) with rear to air quality for the previously 17/02575/FUL extension and associated alterations. Full Application approved scheme, it was not No air quality Swinton Insurance 1 Bishopthorpe considered that any air quality mitigation measures Road, York, YO23 1NA mitigation measures were now were considered necessary to make the necessary. development acceptable in terms of air quality.

Approved (09/5/2018) Erection of block of 6no. flats

incorporating existing stone arches, Recommended conditions Condition 10 required conversion of coach houses to form 17/02381/FUL Full Application regarding electric vehicle each off-street 3no. dwellings to rear with recharging on the site parking space to be associated parking and access. equipped with 79 Fulford Road, York, YO10 4BD facilities for charging electric vehicles.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 50 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference Variation of condition 2 and removal of condition 6 of permitted Approved application 17/01454/FUL to allow The application sought to provide (27/12/2107) alterations to external design and two electric vehicle recharge 17/02472/FUL configuration, amendments to car Full Application points as opposed to the one Condition 5 required parking layout, and to include 2no. already approved. provision of 2 electric electric vehicle points. vehicle recharge Nestle, Haxby Road, York, points. YO31 8XY

Use existing car park as overflow car Approved parking area for existing residents of Recommended condition (23/1/2018) 17/02816/FUL the Residence and future residents Full Application regarding electric vehicle of the Clock Tower developments charging Condition not Bishopthorpe Road attached to approval

Recommended that all first and second floor windows to habitable rooms facing onto Conversion of upper floors provide Coppergate should be made 3no. residential units. Awaiting Decision 17/02866/FUL Full Application non-opening, with ventilation La Salle UK Ventures Property, 14 (reviewed 21/5/2018) provided through continuous Coppergate, York YO1 9NR mechanical supply and extract (with heat recovery) away from the roadside.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 51 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

Variation of conditions 2 and 11 and The application sought to alter Approved 17/02911/FUL removal of condition 4, 5 and 15 of Full Application the location of the approved (9/2/2018) permitted application 15/01473/FUL electric vehicle recharge point

Approved Recommended condition (2/2/2018) Change of use of barn from storage regarding provision of a minimum and maintenance of classical of two electric vehicle recharging Condition 10 required 17/02814/FUL vehicles to wedding venue. Full Application points in a position and to a the provision of a Woodstock Lodge, Corban Lane, specification to be first agreed minimum of 2 electric Wigginton, York, YO32 2RQ with the Council. vehicle recharge points

Approved Change of use from hotel (use class (20/4/2018) C1) to tourist hostel (use class Sui Recommended condition

Generis) with associated bin and regarding external electric 17/02951/FUL Full Application Condition 3 required cycle storage vehicle charging point and the provision of Holgate Hill Hotel, 124 Holgate suitable signage charging facilities for Road, York, YO24 4BB electric vehicles

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 52 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

Removal of condition 4 of permitted Assuming the windows facing application14/01080/FUL Gillygate remained non-opening (conversion of doctors surgery to and the ventilation in the property dwellinghouse) to remove satisfied Building Regulations, Awaiting Decision 17/03033/FUL requirement for ventilation to be Full Application Public Protection did not have (reviewed 21/5/2018) provided through continuous any concerns with respect to mechanical supply and extract. removing the requirement for Gillygate House, 28 Gillygate, York, mechanical ventilation YO31 7EQ

Application Refused (14/3/2018) Public Protection requested a condition relating to the provision Inappropriate Erection of dwelling and associated of an external electric socket development for 17/02815/FUL access. The Studios, Panman Lane, Full Application somewhere in the parking area to greenbelt and Holtby, York, YO19 5UA enable the charging of electric proposal not vehicles. considered in keeping with the character of area.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 53 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference

Public Protection requested a condition regarding non-opening windows and mechanical Change of use of ground floor shop ventilation to habitable rooms at (use class A1) to 1no. apartment ground floor level facing Application withdrawn 17/02860/FUL (use class C3) and alterations to Full Application Fishergate on the basis on (5/3/2018) front elevation. Charlie Macs, 24 nearby monitoring indicating Fishergate, York, YO10 4AB potential breaches of the annual mean air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide.

Public Protection requested a Erection of self storage facility, with condition requiring provision of associated access and landscaping, Awaiting Decision 17/03004/FULM Full Application an electric vehicle recharging Proposed Self Storage Facility, (reviewed 21/5/2018) point prior to occupation of the Water Lane, York development.

Approved (18/12/2017)

Erection of new mental health Public protection requested a Condition 15 required inpatient unit. Site of Biorad 17/02283/FULM Full Application condition requiring provision of the provision of three Micromeasurements Ltd. Haxby three electric vehicle points electric vehicle Road, York recharging points (and maintenance plan)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 54 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Status Reference Public Protection requested conditions regarding a Construction Environmental Outline planning application with full Management Plan (CEMP) and details of means of access for facilities for charging electric residential development of 970 vehicles on the site. Facilities for dwellings with associated demolition, Outline charging electric vehicles were Awaiting Decision 18/00017/OUTM infrastructure works, open space, Application requested for all dwellings that (reviewed 21/5/2018) primary school, community facilities included off-street parking. It and convenience store on land West was also requested that a of Monks Cross Link Road minimum of 2% of all non- residential parking spaces should incorporate charging infrastructure

Customer and staff parking Erection of two storey vehicle proposed. Public Protection dealership building comprising of requested a condition regarding Awaiting Decision 18/00021/FULM Full Application showroom, workshop facilities and the provision of electric vehicle (reviewed 21/5/2018) associated car parking recharging infrastructure on the site.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 55 City of York Council

Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Distance to Distance to Site Site X OS Y OS Pollutants In Monitoring Relevant kerb of Inlet Height Site ID Name Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? Technique Exposure (m) nearest road (m) (1) (m) (2)

CM1 Bootham B 460,022 452,777 NOx, PM10 No C, FDMS Y (0m) 49.6 3.04

CM2 Fishergate R 460,746 451,038 NOx, PM10 Yes C, FDMS Y (10m) 3.2 2.66

CM3 Holgate R 459,512 451,282 NOx, PM10 Yes FDMS Y (12m) 2.5 1.65 Nunnery CM4 R 460,068 451,199 NO Yes C Y (4m) 1.7 1.65 Lane x

CM5 Gillygate R 460,147 452,345 NOx, PM2.5 Yes C, TEOM Y (3m) 2.1 2.5 Lawrence CM6 R 461,256 451,340 NO Yes C Y (5m) 3.2 1.65 Street x Heworth CM7 R 461,126 452,602 NO No C Y (3m) 1.2 1.53 Green x Plantation CM8 R 457,428 452,620 PM No TEOM Y (17m) 1.0 1.65 Drive 10 Fulford CM9 R 460,937 449,464 NO Yes C Y(19m) 5.0 1.65 Road x

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 56 City of York Council

Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Lampost 15 Forge 5 Roadside 462040 454883 NO NO 16.9 1.9 N ~2.75 Close, Jockey Lane 2 Lampost top of Nunnery 6 Roadside 459777 451406 NO YES 7.7 2.8 N ~2.75 Lane Car Park 2 Gillygate opposite 7 Roadside 460217 452421 NO YES 2.3 0.3 N ~2.75 Portland Street 2 Portland Street - Urban 8 460163 452468 NO NO 3.7 1.8 N ~2.75 triplicate Background 2 Portland Street - Urban 9 460163 452468 NO NO 3.7 1.8 N ~2.75 triplicate Background 2 Urban 11 Holly Bank 458846 450946 NO NO 7.7 0.7 N ~2.75 Background 2

13 Papillion hotel, Gillygate Roadside 460176 452377 NO2 YES 0.1 1.5 N ~2.75

14 Gillygate Surgery Roadside 460167 452347 NO2 YES 0.2 2.3 N ~2.75

15 Foss Islands Rd Roadside 461105 451458 NO2 YES 1.9 1.9 N ~2.75

16 Prices Lane Roadside 460160 451152 NO2 YES 2.5 1.2 N ~2.75 Drainpipe of house 18 17 Roadside 459646 451500 NO YES 0.2 1.3 N ~2.75 Queen St 2

18 Lampost 4 Haxby Road Roadside 460457 452903 NO2 YES 3.3 1.9 N ~2.75 Heworth Road - 25 Roadside 461721 452709 NO NO 7.2 1.4 N ~2.75 Lamppost 6 2 Haleys Terrace 26 (previously Longwood Roadside 460829 453524 NO2 NO 8.5 0.4 N ~2.75 Road) Haxby Road (nr 33 Roadside 460598 453227 NO NO 14.5 1.7 N ~2.75 Whitecross Rd) 2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 57 City of York Council

35 Carr Lane Roadside 457603 451492 NO2 NO 6.2 2.9 N ~2.75

37 Jarvis Abbey Park Roadside 459522 451187 NO2 YES 21.6 2.7 N ~2.75 Lampost 8 Monkgate 44 Roadside 460679 452326 NO YES 2 1.6 N ~2.75 Cloisters 2

45 Clarence St Roadside 460319 452754 NO2 YES 3.6 2 N ~2.75

47 Strensall Road Roadside 462009 456996 NO2 NO 19.2 0.8 N ~2.75

50 BLANK N/A N/A N/A NO2 N/A N N/A N N/A First lampost on 60 Roadside 461017 451781 NO YES 13 0.2 N ~2.75 Navigation Road 2 Gillygate Monitoring 78 Roadside 460149 452342 NO YES 3.4 2.3 Y ~2.75 Station - triplicate 2 Gillygate Monitoring 79 Roadside 460149 452342 NO YES 3.4 2.3 Y ~2.75 Station - triplicate 2 Gillygate Monitoring 80 Roadside 460149 452342 NO YES 3.4 2.3 Y ~2.75 Station - triplicate 2 Drainpipe 6 Stockton Urban 83 Lane - nr Heworth Rd 461597 452830 NO NO 0.1 8.8 N ~2.75 Background 2 roundabout Lampost 1 Yew Tree Urban 88 Mews Osbaldwick 463354 451972 NO NO 4.9 0.6 N ~2.75 Background 2 Village Lampost Opposite 90 Montaque Street on Roadside 459997 450109 NO2 NO 19.8 1 N ~2.75 Cambleshon Road

96 Heslington Lane Roadside 460978 449452 NO2 NO 1.5 2.5 N ~2.75 House Near A59 100 Roadside 456228 453312 NO NO 0.2 15 N ~2.75 Ringroad Roundabout 2

101 Wiggington Road near Roadside 459746 455897 NO2 NO 15 0.5 N ~2.75

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 58 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? the ring road roundabout Signpost between houses 252 & 254 on 102 Roadside 458703 452429 NO NO 0.2 1 N ~2.75 Salisbury Terrace - 2 triplicate Signpost between houses 252 & 254 on 103 Roadside 458703 452429 NO NO 0.1 1.4 N ~2.75 Salisbury Terrace - 2 triplicate Signpost between houses 252 & 254 on 104 Roadside 458703 452429 NO NO 0.1 1.4 N ~2.75 Salisbury Terrace - 2 triplicate Inbetween corner shop 107 Roadside 458779 452387 NO NO 3 3.8 N ~2.75 & betting office 2 On signpost opposite 108 side of road from 200 Roadside 458814 452373 NO2 NO 0.2 1.5 N ~2.75 Salisbury Terrace Signpost outside 16 109 Roadside 459924 451833 NO YES 0.2 2.5 N ~2.75 Rougier Street 2 Signpost inbetween 110 Club Salvation & 31 Roadside 459985 451727 NO2 YES 0.2 2.3 N ~2.75 George Hudson Street Lampost at side of Cedar Court opposite 111 entrance to Multi-storey Roadside 459917 451728 NO2 NO 26 2.6 N ~2.75 Car Park on Tanner Row Lampost outside St 112 Gregorys Mews, Roadside 459873 451684 NO2 NO 1 2.3 N ~2.75 opposite Council HQ

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 59 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Toft Green Bus Stop outside 114 Society bar/cafe Rougier Roadside 459981 451778 NO2 YES 3.5 2.7 N ~2.75 Street 111 Poppleton Road, 116 Roadside 458212 452037 NO NO 0.1 5.3 N ~2.75 drainpipe 2 Osbaldwick 125 Roadside 463194 451967 NO NO 20 1.6 N ~2.75 Derwenthorpe 2 New Tube (Osbalwick 126 Parish Council) nr Roadside 463482 451896 NO2 NO 17.5 0.9 N ~2.75 Bridge Lampost to left of 102 127 Roadside 461108 452313 NO NO 3.3 1.8 N ~2.75 Layerthorpe (flats) 2 Drainpipe between 7-9 128 Roadside 458686 452369 NO NO 0.1 1.6 N ~2.75 Livingstone Street 2 Drainpipe to front of 88 129 Roadside 455968 453397 NO NO 0.1 14.5 N ~2.75 Station Road 2 Fishergate Monitoring 2a Roadside 460746 451034 NO YES 16.3 3.5 Y ~2.75 station - triplicate 2 Fishergate Monitoring 2b Roadside 460746 451034 NO YES 16.3 3.5 Y ~2.75 station - triplicate 2 Fishergate Monitoring 2c Roadside 460746 451034 NO YES 16.3 3.5 Y ~2.75 station - triplicate 2 Bootham Monitoring Urban 3a 460024 452767 NO NO 39 49.6 Y ~2.75 Station - triplicate Background 2 Bootham Monitoring Urban 3b 460024 452767 NO NO 39 49.6 Y ~2.75 Station - triplicate Background 2 Bootham Monitoring Urban 3c 460024 452767 NO NO 39 49.6 Y ~2.75 Station - triplicate Background 2 Fulford Monitoring 95a Roadside 460938 449465 NO NO 19 6.5 Y ~2.75 Station - triplicate 2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 60 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Fulford Monitoring 95b Roadside 460938 449465 NO NO 19 6.5 Y ~2.75 Station - triplicate 2 Fulford Monitoring 95c Roadside 460938 449465 NO NO 19 6.5 Y ~2.75 Station - triplicate 2 Portland Street - Urban 9a 460163 452468 NO NO 3.7 1.8 N ~2.75 triplicate Background 2 Bootham traffic light A1 Roadside 460088 452263 NO YES 0.2 2.3 N ~2.75 outside dance shop 2 Traffic lights end of A11 Roadside 459341 453042 NO YES 13.6 0.4 N ~2.75 Water Lane 2

A12 Lampost 7 Clifton Green Roadside 459251 453008 NO2 YES 12.9 2.2 N ~2.75 Lampost 1 Clifton Dale - Urban A13 459335 452931 NO NO 2.7 1.6 N ~2.75 triplicate Background 2 Lampost 1 Clifton Dale - Urban A14 459335 452931 NO NO 2.7 1.6 N ~2.75 triplicate Background 2 Lampost 1 Clifton Dale - Urban A14a 459335 452931 NO NO 2.7 1.6 N ~2.75 triplicate Background 2

A17 Sailsbury Road Roadside 458578 452472 NO2 NO 8.7 1.5 N ~2.75 17 Sailsbury Terrace - A19 Roadside 458713 452414 NO NO 0.2 1.3 N ~2.75 triplicate 2 17 Sailsbury Terrace - A19a Roadside 458713 452414 NO NO 0.2 1.3 N ~2.75 triplicate 2 17 Sailsbury Terrace - A19b Roadside 458713 452414 NO NO 0.2 1.3 N ~2.75 triplicate 2 Drainpipe on front of A2 Roadside 459917 452405 NO YES 0.2 3.4 N ~2.75 registry office 2 224 Sailsbury Terrace - A20 Roadside 458760 452404 NO NO 0.2 1.1 N ~2.75 triplicate 2 224 Sailsbury Terrace - A20a Roadside 458760 452404 NO NO 0.2 1.1 N ~2.75 triplicate 2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 61 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? 224 Sailsbury Terrace - A20b Roadside 458760 452404 NO NO 0.2 1.1 N ~2.75 triplicate 2 Urban A21 Kingsland Terrace 458806 452326 NO NO 0.2 1.4 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban A22 Kingsland Terrace 458792 452242 NO NO 0.2 23.8 N ~2.75 Background 2

A25 Garfield Terrace Roadside 458706 452225 NO2 NO 0.2 1.5 N ~2.75 Urban A29 Low Poppleton Lane 456939 453013 NO NO 23.6 1.1 N ~2.75 Background 2 WRVS building - A3 Roadside 459822 452492 NO YES 0.2 2.6 N ~2.75 Bootham 2 Urban A30 Boroughbridge Road 457060 452888 NO NO 8.3 6.2 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban A36 Boroughbridge Road 457625 452446 NO NO 0.2 9.4 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban A38 Boroughbridge Road 457857 452334 NO NO 0.2 10.3 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban A4 St Olaves Road 459699 452638 NO YES 5.8 0.7 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban A40 Poppleton Road School 458109 452196 NO NO 0.2 7.9 N ~2.75 Background 2

A41 140 Poppleton Road Roadside 458172 452108 NO2 NO 0.2 5.3 N ~2.75 Urban A45 Grantham Drive 458384 451817 NO NO 0.2 10.5 N ~2.75 Background 2

A98 8 Poppleton Road Roadside 458666 451468 NO2 NO 0.2 4.9 N ~2.75 Outside Fox pub - A50 Roadside 458732 451393 NO YES 16.1 0.3 N ~2.75 Holgate Rd 2 Urban A51 Thrall entrance 458827 451348 NO YES 18 2.2 N ~2.75 Background 2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 62 City of York Council

A53 Holgate Road Roadside 459066 451239 NO2 YES 7.9 2.7 N ~2.75

A55 Holgate Road Roadside 459351 451221 NO2 YES 5.5 0.2 N ~2.75 Urban A56 Holgate Road 459470 451268 NO YES 0.2 10.2 N ~2.75 Background 2 Hairdressers Holgate A57 Roadside 459533 451280 NO YES 0.2 2.8 N ~2.75 Road 2

A6 Clifton Bingo Hall Roadside 459536 452811 NO2 YES 6.2 3 N ~2.75 Urban A60 Shipton Road 458906 453276 NO NO 0.2 21.5 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban A62 42 Shipton Road 458806 453483 NO NO 0.2 15.7 N ~2.75 Background 2 Lamppost outside A64 Roadside 460030 452327 NO YES 2.4 0.6 N ~2.75 Charlie Browns 2 Urban A66 70 Shipton Road 458672 453685 NO NO 0.2 18.4 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban A69 6 South Cottages 458375 453958 NO NO 0.2 10 N ~2.75 Background 2

A7 51 Clifton Roadside 459441 452892 NO2 YES 3.3 2.1 N ~2.75 Urban A70 120 Shipton Road 458299 454070 NO NO 0.2 13 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban A71 154 Shipton road 458121 454254 NO NO 0.2 9.6 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban A74 176 Shipton Road 458041 454371 NO NO 0.2 7.1 N ~2.75 Background 2 Lampost outside 206 Urban A77 457929 454537 NO NO 6.1 1.7 N ~2.75 Shipton Road Background 2

A81 Lampost outside 276 Urban 457733 454805 NO2 NO 0.2 8.4 N ~2.75

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 63 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Shipton Rd Background Drainpipe front of Urban A85 459364 453009 NO NO 0.2 11.5 N ~2.75 Greenside guest house Background 2 111 Boroughbridge Road, Drainpipe nearest Urban A88 457470 452550 NO NO 0.2 12.9 N ~2.75 Garage at side of the Background 2 door

A9 Lime Tree House Roadside 459295 453067 NO2 YES 12.6 1.7 N ~2.75

A90 Lampost 25 Shipton Rd Roadside 459238 453157 NO2 YES 8.2 1.9 N ~2.75

A94 5 Salisbury Road Roadside 458651 452426 NO2 NO 0.2 13.7 N ~2.75 Ousecliffe Gardens A96 signpost, outside 31 Roadside 459038 452850 NO2 NO 10 0.6 N ~2.75 Water End Lampost next to Air Quality Monitoring A97 Roadside 457431 452616 NO NO 18.7 2.2 N ~2.75 Station on Plantation 2 Drive Lamppost 1 Lowther B1 Street opposite Roadside 460848 452582 NO2 YES 0.2 1.3 N ~2.75 Riverside House Flats Lampost 99 Huntington B15 Roadside 461294 455305 NO NO 28 1.6 N ~2.75 Road 2 Lampost 5 outside B19 Huntington Primary Roadside 461891 455876 NO2 NO 17.2 1.6 N ~2.75 School Lampost 7 Huntington B2 Road opposite Park Roadside 460924 452697 NO2 YES 2.5 1.3 N ~2.75 Grove

B29 Eastern Terrace Roadside 461453 452750 NO2 NO 0.3 1 N ~2.75

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 64 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Lampost 11 Huntington B3 Roadside 460952 452826 NO NO 2.9 1.4 N ~2.75 Road outside no 70 2 Lampost 60 Malton Urban B36 462565 454194 NO NO 16.9 0.6 N ~2.75 Road - triplicate Background 2 Lampost 60 Malton Urban B37 462565 454194 NO NO 16.9 0.6 N ~2.75 Road - triplicate Background 2 Lampost 60 Malton Urban B37a 462565 454194 NO NO 16.9 0.6 N ~2.75 Road - triplicate Background 2 Urban B38 482 Malton Road 463757 455155 NO NO 0.2 11.7 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban B41 76 Lawrence Street 461326 451330 NO YES 0.2 6.5 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban B42 83 Lawrence Street 461430 451348 NO YES 0.2 7.2 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban B43 117 Lawrence Street 461557 451343 NO YES 0.2 7.9 N ~2.75 Background 2 Outside nursing home, B44 Roadside 461643 451343 NO YES 8.6 1.9 N ~2.75 Lawrence Street 2 Pedestrian crossing B45 Traffic Light Roadside 461849 451284 NO2 YES 17.3 0.5 N ~2.75 Melrosegate Crossroads Urban B47 47 Hull Road 462019 451289 NO NO 0.2 12.2 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban B48 61 Hull Road 462122 451289 NO NO 0.2 12.8 N ~2.75 Background 2

B50 134 Hull Road Roadside 462291 451269 NO2 NO 0.2 3.7 N ~2.75 Urban B51 117 Hull Road 462384 451298 NO NO 0.2 13.2 N ~2.75 Background 2

B56 Lampost 40 Hull Road Roadside 462888 451289 NO2 NO 14.4 2.3 N ~2.75

B58 231 Hull Road Urban 462970 451300 NO2 NO 0.2 14 N ~2.75

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 65 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Background Lampost 1 Nursery Urban B60 463234 451339 NO NO 10.7 1.3 N ~2.75 Gardens Background 2 Lampost 54 Tang Hall B63 Roadside 462704 451300 NO NO 13.2 0.9 N ~2.75 Lane 2 Front of York B72 Roadside 461122 451374 NO YES 10 2.9 N ~2.75 Cycleworks 2 Heworth Court Hotel sign outside Sutherland Urban B74 461371 452708 NO NO 5.2 17.8 N ~2.75 House on side of house Background 2 on drainpipe. On drainpipe on front of Urban B80 461185 452663 NO NO 24.5 13.4 N ~2.75 Heworth Surgery. Background 2 Lampost Dalguise Urban B82 460974 452563 NO NO 3.1 1.1 N ~2.75 Grove Background 2 Lampost 24 Outside B83 Roadside 461285 452695 NO NO 11.3 1 N ~2.75 No.55 Heworth Green 2 Drainpipe to the left of Urban B84 the front door on 167 462654 451293 NO NO 0.2 13.4 N ~2.75 Background 2 Hull Road Lampost 7 Outside St B85 Lawrences Working Roadside 461227 451368 NO2 YES 18.8 5.6 N ~2.75 Mens Club Lampost 16 Heworth B86 Green, next to Air Roadside 461116 452602 NO2 NO 5 0.7 N ~2.75 Quality Station Telegraph Pole 381 Hull B88 Roadside 462799 451291 NO NO 10 6.8 N ~2.75 Road 2 Outside old DC Cook B89 Roadside 461170 451357 NO YES 2 2.8 N ~2.75 site on signpost 2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 66 City of York Council

B90 11 Lawrence Street Roadside 461133 451394 NO2 YES 0.1 4.4 N ~2.75 Urban C12 Lampost 1 Ainsty Grove 458825 449928 NO NO 10.8 0.3 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban C17 248 Tadcaster Rd 459085 450544 NO NO 0.2 20.6 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban C18 196 Mount Vale 459204 450772 NO YES 0.2 9.2 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban C19 Trentholme Dr 459271 450819 NO YES 7.7 0.4 N ~2.75 Background 2 Lampost 66 Tesco C2 Roadside 458333 448974 NO NO 16.9 1.1 N ~2.75 roundabout 2 Urban C20 Elmbank hotel 459280 450923 NO YES 21.4 0.5 N ~2.75 Background 2

C21 Dalton Terrace Roadside 459410 451040 NO2 YES 3.8 3.5 N ~2.75 Urban C22 Park Street 459570 451195 NO YES 14.4 1.1 N ~2.75 Background 2

C23 The Mount Roadside 459553 451252 NO2 YES 0.2 3 N ~2.75

C26 Outside Odean Roadside 459639 451334 NO2 YES 12.9 0.8 N ~2.75

C27 Windmill Pub Roadside 459717 451433 NO2 YES 0.2 3.2 N ~2.75 Urban C28 House top of Selby Rd 461201 448386 NO NO 0.2 15.3 N ~2.75 Background 2

C29 Lampost 34 Selby Road Roadside 461196 448426 NO2 NO 21.7 0.5 N ~2.75

C30 Lampost 2 Selby Rd Roadside 461185 448462 NO2 NO 13.1 1.2 N ~2.75 Urban C31 2 Selby Rd 461193 448473 NO NO 0.2 14.1 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban C32 Fordlands Rd 461128 448823 NO NO 5.4 6.8 N ~2.75 Background 2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 67 City of York Council

C34 103 Main St Roadside 461085 449067 NO2 NO 0.2 3.5 N ~2.75

C36 50 Main St Roadside 461052 449146 NO2 NO 0.2 3.7 N ~2.75 Urban C37 59 Main St 461045 449223 NO NO 0.2 6.7 N ~2.75 Background 2

C38 lampost 8 Main St Roadside 461038 449225 NO2 NO 6 0.4 N ~2.75

C39 18 Main St Roadside 460974 449336 NO2 NO 0.2 2.4 N ~2.75 Urban C4 147 Tadcaster Rd 458470 449126 NO NO 0.2 14.3 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban C40 Adams House B&B 460910 449628 NO NO 0.2 8.7 N ~2.75 Background 2 Urban C42 300 Fulford Rd 460857 449748 NO NO 0.2 10 N ~2.75 Background 2 Lampost 39 Fulford Rd - C43 Roadside 460869 449730 NO NO 8.7 0.3 N ~2.75 triplicate 2 Lampost 39 Fulford Rd - C43a Roadside 460869 449730 NO NO 8.7 0.3 N ~2.75 triplicate 2 Lampost 39 Fulford Rd - C44 Roadside 460869 449730 NO NO 8.7 0.3 N ~2.75 triplicate 2 Urban C49 Alma terrace 460860 450530 NO YES 6 0.9 N ~2.75 Background 2

C51 Conservative Club Roadside 460871 450727 NO2 YES 9.8 1 N ~2.75

C52 Howard St Roadside 460853 450781 NO2 YES 9.9 1.4 N ~2.75

C53 Winterscale St Roadside 460766 450924 NO2 YES 14.7 2.1 N ~2.75

C54 Escrick St Roadside 460762 451069 NO2 YES 1.7 3.2 N ~2.75

C56 Pedestrian crossing on Roadside 459484 451141 NO2 YES 25.1 1.3 N ~2.75

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 68 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? junction of Scarcroft Road/The Mount Lampost 1 Nelson's Urban C57 458912 450111 NO NO 5.9 1.3 N ~2.75 Lane Background 2 Drainpipe of 4 Main C58 Roadside 460926 449429 NO NO 0.2 3.6 N ~2.75 Street Fulford 2 Drainpipe of 34 C59 Roadside 458735 449713 NO NO 0.2 3.6 N ~2.75 Tadcaster Road 2

C62 East Mount Road Roadside 459579 451251 NO2 YES 0.1 1 N ~2.75

C63 1 St Edwards Close Roadside 458790 449740 NO2 NO 0.1 15.6 N ~2.75

C7 Slingsby Grove Roadside 458611 449477 NO2 NO 1.4 2.6 N ~2.75 Daisy Taylors Card Urban D10 460443 451927 NO NO 0.2 0.9 N ~2.75 Shop, Kings Square Background 2 On signpost outside 26 D12 Roadside 460567 451740 NO YES 0.2 1.6 N ~2.75 Fossgate 2 Lampost 4 Skeldergate, D13 Roadside 460271 451358 NO YES 1.6 1.6 N ~2.75 opposite City Mills 2 Lampost 3 Barbican D14 Roadside 461077 451354 NO YES 1.9 0.2 N ~2.75 Road outside No.7 2

D16 Lampost 1 , Paragon St Roadside 460708 451231 NO2 YES 0.2 3 N ~2.75 Piccadilly/ Merchantgate D17 Roadside 460575 451616 NO YES 19.3 0.3 N ~2.75 junction 2 Lampost 6 Clifford St D18 Roadside 460395 451502 NO YES 0.4 1.8 N ~2.75 opposite Peckitt Street 2 Bridge St/ Micklegate D19 Roadside 460038 451626 NO YES 1.7 0.2 N ~2.75 Junction 2 Low Ousegate / Clifford D20 St junction, outside Roadside 460323 451685 NO2 YES 13 0.5 N ~2.75 Waterstones

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 69 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Outside Museum D22 Roadside 460035 452010 NO YES 7.9 2.1 N ~2.75 Gardens 2 Priory St sign D24 Roadside 459805 451543 NO NO 3.4 0.5 N ~2.75 Micklegate 2 Bus Stop E outside D25 Roadside 459693 451750 NO YES 169.3 0.4 N ~2.75 Royal York Hotel 2 Lampost 14 Piccadilly D26 Roadside 460671 451400 NO YES 15.5 2.1 N ~2.75 (near Travellodge) 2 Lampost 2 St Deny's D27 Roadside 460734 451563 NO NO 11.7 1.5 N ~2.75 Road - outside hotel 2 Lampost 4 outside The Garden of India D28 Roadside 460764 451185 NO YES 23.6 2.4 N ~2.75 restaurant on Fawcett 2 Street Lampost outside D30 Roadside 460834 451252 NO YES 35.5 0.1 N ~2.75 Barbican Centre 2 Lampost 9 Barbican D31 Roadside 461002 451229 NO YES 2 0.3 N ~2.75 road outside No.24 2 Lampost 3 Bishopgate D32 Roadside 460258 451208 NO YES 22.2 1.9 N ~2.75 Street -next to bench 2 Lampost 17 Nunnery D33 Roadside 460075 451174 NO YES 3.9 0.2 N ~2.75 Lane outside 81 2 Drainpipe of house 22, D35 Roadside 460134 451170 NO YES 0.2 1.6 N ~2.75 Prices Lane 2 Lampost 7 Bishopthorpe D36 Road, opposite entrance Roadside 460135 450884 NO2 YES 6.1 0.2 N ~2.75 to Charlton St Lampost 3, D37 Bishopthorpe Road, Roadside 460157 450988 NO2 YES 2 2 N ~2.75 outside house 26

D38 Lampost 2 Scarcroft Rd Roadside 460088 450929 NO2 YES 2.7 1.6 N ~2.75

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 70 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Lampost 1 Bishopthorpe D39 Roadside 460185 451055 NO YES 1.5 0.5 N ~2.75 Road 2 Lampost 11 Lord D4 Mayor's Walk - opposite Roadside 460560 452300 NO2 YES 25.1 2.3 N ~2.75 bike shop Lampost 16 Nunnery D40 Roadside 460069 451196 NO YES 3.3 1.6 N ~2.75 Lane 2 Drainpipe of 55 Lord D41 Roadside 460286 452487 NO YES 0.2 3.8 N ~2.75 Mayor's Walk 2 Rougier Street Signpost D43 1, has "Except for Roadside 459920 451834 NO2 YES 3 0.3 N ~2.75 Access" sign on it. Lampost 6 The Stonebow Opposite D45 Roadside 460673 451869 NO YES 15.6 1 N ~2.75 Windsors World of 2 Shoes

D47 Lampost 8 Jewbury Roadside 460682 452187 NO2 YES 0.6 2.4 N ~2.75 Outside De Grey House D48 right hand side of side Roadside 460103 452180 NO2 YES 33.6 2.3 N ~2.75 entrance gate post

D49 Lampost 1 Fishergate Roadside 460656 451269 NO2 YES 0.2 2.8 N ~2.75 Drainpipe side of D50 Roadside 460371 451682 NO NO 0.2 1.9 N ~2.75 Cardshop Coppergate 2 Inside Taxi Rank @ D51 Roadside 459640 451722 NO NO N 40 N ~2.75 York Railway Station 2 Lampost 3 Kent Street D52 Roadside 460887 451140 NO NO 2 90 N ~2.75 at side of car park 2

D53 58 Nunnery Lane Roadside 460115 451146 NO2 YES 0.1 3.6 N ~2.75

D54 76 Nunnery Lane Roadside 460146 451116 NO2 YES 0.1 5.5 N ~2.75

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 71 City of York Council

Tube Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS In collocated Pollutants Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA with a Monitored Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref ? (1) (2) Continuous (m) road (m) Analyser? Museum Street - D55 Roadside 460087 452065 NO YES 1.8 2.2 N ~2.75 Opposite Thomas's Pub 2 Margaret Phillipson Urban D6 460570 452177 NO NO 0.2 2.6 N ~2.75 Court, Aldwalk Background 2 Lampost 2, The D8 Roadside 460553 451843 NO NO 27.3 0.5 N ~2.75 Stonebow - Jorvick café 2 Lampost 8, Lord D9 Mayor's Walk outside no Roadside 460483 452357 NO2 YES 1.8 0.1 N ~2.75 34 Three Tuns Pub, 12 D56 Roadside 460400 451685 NO NO 0.1 1.6 N ~2.75 Coppergate 2 Lampost 4, Pedestrian D57 Roadside 460416 451708 NO NO 11.9 2.4 N ~2.75 Crossing, Coppergate 2 Traffic lights, opposite D58 Roadside 460435 451732 NO NO 8 0.1 N ~2.75 Duttons, Coppergate 2 Bus Stop outside 8/9 D59 Roadside 460087 452156 NO YES 1.8 2.7 N ~2.75 SLP 2 No entry sign outside D60 Roadside 460294 451883 NO NO N 1.7 N ~2.75 'Schuh' Shoe Shop 2 Outside 81 Low Mill 130 Roadside 463663 451054 NO NO 13.6 1.1 N ~2.75 Close 2 Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 72 City of York Council

Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Valid Data 3 (3) Capture NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Valid Data Monitoring for Site ID Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (2) 2017 (%) Period (%) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 (1) Bootham Urban Background Automatic 98.8 98.8 19.0 18.8 15.8 17.8 14.9 Fishergate Roadside Automatic 86.2 86.2 27.2 26.5 27.4 27.2 27.7 Holgate Roadside Automatic 96.6 96.6 38.0 32.5 30.7 29.4 24.8 Nunnery Lane Roadside Automatic 93.1 93.1 32.5 34.1 28.4 31.4 25.9 Gillygate Roadside Automatic 98.0 98.0 32.8 34.7 27.8 27.3 25.2 Lawrence Roadside Automatic 98.6 98.6 40.4 34.7 34.1 33.0 29.3 Street Heworth Roadside Automatic 98.7 98.7 27.8 33.6 28.0 28.3 26.5 Green Fulford Road Roadside Automatic 94.4 94.4 24.7 27.7 25.0 25.2 23.0 5 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 17.0 19.3 16.2 16.7 16.0 6 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40.6 39.0 37.4 40.6 37.3 42.4 (distance 7 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 48.4 55.2 44.9 46.6 corrected 32.8) 8 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 20.9 20.1 16.3 17.6 15.7 9 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.6 19.2 15.3 18.1 15.7 11 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.8 18.6 15.8 19.3 14.7 13 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 46.5 48.3 45.5 44.9 42.5 14 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 50.7 52.2 47.1 47.5 43.6 15 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 35.8 37.7 37.4 38.1 35.9 16 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 35.9 37.4 37.5 36.2 36.0

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 73 City of York Council

17 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 34.2 37.1 32.2 33.5 30.9 18 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31.8 34.4 29.9 31.7 28.9 25 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 27.9 29.3 26.1 25.2 20.9 26 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 25.9 30.0 24.1 25.7 28.3 33 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.2 28.3 26.9 25.8 26.0 35 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 25.6 27.5 24.9 24.7 24.4 33.3 37 Roadside Diffusion Tube 67 67 34.5 37.5 33.2 31.9 (estimate) 44 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.5 30.3 25.7 24.3 22.4 45 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 32.9 35.6 31.1 32.0 29.5 47 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 28.2 28.0 27.6 28.3 28.4 50 BLANK Diffusion Tube 92 92 Blank Blank Blank Blank Blank 60 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 19.7 27.3 21.3 21.2 22.5 78 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.4 32.1 29.0 29.2 28.3 79 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31.2 35.2 29.4 29.5 28.7 80 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 31.1 33.0 28.6 30.1 28.2 83 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 22.3 20.7 18.3 20.9 22.6 88 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 15.7 15.7 12.8 13.2 13.1 90 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 17.3 19.4 16.0 17.6 15.6 96 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.2 26.8 23.3 22.8 20.9 100 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 20.4 23.1 19.5 20.5 18.7 101 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 32.6 35.8 33.8 32.7 32.2 102 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 36.0 34.5 31.9 32.1 29.8 103 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 34.1 37.6 31.1 32.7 30.9 104 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 36.1 36.9 31.0 32.9 31.7 107 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 18.8 20.7 18.9 21.0 18.1 108 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 22.9 26.3 23.5 19.2 22.2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 74 City of York Council

109 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 - - 46.4 45.4 43.3 110 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 48.6 51.3 46.6 46.4 45.8 111 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 28.1 31.9 25.1 26.3 25.9 112 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 24.5 27.2 23.3 22.3 22.6 39.8 (distance 114 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40.0 41.5 39.3 41.7 corrected 34.6) 116 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 29.1 31.5 28.0 28.0 27.7 125 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 17.1 17.5 15.8 14.5 14.7 126 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 19.6 16.0 16.5 16.1 127 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 24.4 23.0 24.0 22.8 128 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 22.5 18.6 19.2 18.6 129 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 21.1 17.4 16.9 17.2 2a Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 29.7 30.6 28.6 28.6 25.3 2b Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 29.4 29.9 26.5 28.4 25.5 2c Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31.2 32.0 26.3 27.2 24.8 3a Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 20.3 17.4 14.4 16.1 14.5 3b Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 18.9 19.0 15.1 17.1 15.5 3c Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 19.5 16.2 16.0 19.7 15.6 95a Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.2 25.9 24.4 23.1 22.6 95b Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.4 27.5 24.6 24.0 22.5 95c Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 25.0 24.7 25.0 24.1 23.3 9a Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.1 19.8 15.5 18.7 16.2 A1 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 51.6 52.3 46.0 54.3 43.9 A11 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 34.1 37.4 33.6 30.9 30.0 A12 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 30.7 33.8 28.7 29.0 27.7 A13 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 20.8 19.7 16.4 18.7 16.0

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 75 City of York Council

A14 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.8 19.9 16.4 19.1 15.1 A14a Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 22.0 20.0 15.2 18.8 16.3 A17 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 28.9 32.3 27.6 29.6 27.6 A19 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.2 31.6 27.7 26.8 27.7 A19a Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 28.3 30.9 28.8 27.3 28.7 A19b Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 28.7 31.9 28.6 27.9 28.5 A2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 35.4 - 31.1 30.6 30.3 A20 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31.2 32.5 28.7 34.6 29.1 A20a Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 32.4 35.6 28.8 30.2 27.4 A20b Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.7 34.3 29.3 31.5 29.5 A21 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 22.7 22.8 18.5 20.0 19.3 A22 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 23.0 22.4 18.1 21.7 19.1 A25 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.0 28.4 22.6 22.9 21.8 A29 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 22.8 21.0 18.3 20.0 18.1 A3 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.5 34.4 29.2 28.2 26.7 A30 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 21.2 22.1 17.8 20.7 18.4 22.3 15.8 A36 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 50 50 - - 15.2 (estimate) (estimate) A38 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 20.6 19.1 15.3 18.3 14.3 A4 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.6 21.0 18.2 20.5 18.2 A40 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 25.6 22.9 17.8 22.7 18.0 A41 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 22.3 26.0 20.6 23.0 19.9 A45 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 19.8 18.8 14.3 16.1 13.3 A50 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.6 - 26.2 24.6 26.1 A51 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.8 23.8 19.9 22.8 20.6 A52 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 34.6 37.1 31.0 31.9 29.7 A53 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 32.4 32.2 30.8 30.6 28.8

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 76 City of York Council

(estimate) A54 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 - 41.3 36.9 33.7 33.1 A55 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 35.3 36.3 31.8 29.5 29.7 A56 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 32.9 30.2 26.3 30.0 26.4 A57 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 51.6 49.2 46.9 47.7 43.1 A6 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 27.1 28.8 25.5 24.4 24.2 A60 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 18.6 16.7 13.4 14.9 13.2 A62 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 16.4 15.3 13.6 14.7 13.8 A64 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 35.6 35.1 29.3 32.4 28.3 A66 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 18.9 18.1 14.5 16.5 14.7 A69 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 17.3 14.9 12.5 15.6 12.6 A7 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 28.7 29.3 27.5 30.0 26.7 A70 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.7 19.7 16.4 18.5 17.0 A71 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 16.0 16.2 12.3 16.0 13.5 A74 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 17.3 13.8 12.6 15.8 13.4 16.6 A77 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 20.5 21.9 18.8 17.5 (estimate) A81 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 19.6 17.6 15.2 16.7 14.7 A85 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.4 23.0 19.3 21.2 19.2 A88 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 19.7 21.4 15.7 18.4 15.0 A9 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 33.8 34.4 30.1 32.3 27.0 A90 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 37.4 40.0 36.0 34.3 35.9 A94 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.7 26.2 22.0 24.6 22.4 A96 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31.5 34.4 28.4 31.7 29.4 A97 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 22.0 18.8 21.0 19.3 A98 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - - - - 22.8 B1 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.4 31.8 29.4 27.9 28.5

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 77 City of York Council

B15 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 20.2 22.6 19.2 28.4 18.9 B19 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.5 21.7 19.7 21.1 19.9 B2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.9 28.7 24.4 24.9 24.2 B29 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.3 25.6 22.2 21.7 20.0 B3 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.1 25.2 21.5 22.0 21.5 13.6 B36 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 58 58 17.0 16.0 13.0 15.9 (estimate) 13.0 B37 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 67 67 18.4 16.0 14.6 15.9 (estimate) 14.3 B37a Urban Background Diffusion Tube 58 58 17.7 16.5 14.6 17.2 (estimate) B38 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 22.0 20.0 16.3 20.0 15.9 B41 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 34.9 31.6 28.1 31.3 28.2 B42 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.7 24.4 20.8 25.8 22.3 B43 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 23.3 21.2 18.6 22.2 19.8 B44 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 33.0 34.0 31.3 30.3 29.4 B45 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.9 30.9 28.1 27.8 26.5 B47 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 19.0 16.9 15.1 16.0 15.0 B48 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 22.7 20.0 17.5 19.7 19.8 B50 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.1 27.1 24.3 22.0 22.2 B51 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 20.3 19.5 16.5 17.6 16.2 B56 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 33.7 34.5 31.8 31.7 30.7 B58 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 20.8 20.1 16.9 19.7 17.6 B60 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 20.7 20.0 17.8 19.3 18.0 B63 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 32.2 34.9 29.5 29.1 29.7 B72 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 47.4 47.0 44.6 42.7 42.8 B74 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 22.6 22.6 18.9 20.4 17.1 B80 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 17.9 19.0 15.2 16.7 15.1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 78 City of York Council

B82 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 22.3 22.4 19.4 22.2 21.7 B83 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 27.9 32.0 27.6 25.3 25.2 B84 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.2 23.2 20.2 22.2 21.6 B85 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 33.1 32.5 29.1 31.9 28.4 B86 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 25.9 26.9 22.9 23.5 23.2 B88 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 31.8 33.2 28.8 27.8 28.5 B89 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 36.6 35.0 34.7 36.8 B90 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 38.3 35.5 34.0 34.1 C12 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.5 19.8 15.9 18.3 15.2 C17 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 21.6 20.0 15.5 18.7 16.1 C18 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 29.3 25.2 22.3 25.1 22.5 17.0 C19 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.3 18.7 19.2 15.6 (estimate) C2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 33.1 35.3 32.0 31.5 31.5 C20 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 75 75 23.4 20.3 16.9 19.8 16.8 C21 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 28.2 28.3 26.9 26.7 25.8 C22 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 28.6 22.9 19.4 24.6 19.6 C23 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38.5 42.9 39.9 39.9 37.0 C26 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40.9 42.1 40.4 41.2 38.1 C27 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 49.1 52.0 46.7 45.8 45.9 C28 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 17.9 17.5 14.2 16.6 14.3 C29 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.2 33.5 28.8 30.0 28.1 C30 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 34.0 35.2 29.3 30.8 29.0 C31 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.0 20.5 17.9 18.8 17.8 C32 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 26.9 25.4 22.8 24.5 21.6 C33 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 19.8 14.4 17.3 15.2 C34 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.6 28.6 23.7 25.2 22.3

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 79 City of York Council

C36 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.9 30.8 29.7 28.5 27.3 C37 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 26.2 23.6 20.3 23.4 18.7 C38 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.7 30.8 28.2 28.1 25.6 C39 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31.5 35.3 35.1 32.6 34.9 C4 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 20.8 19.4 16.4 19.0 15.9 C40 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 21.8 20.8 18.0 19.0 17.6 C42 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 23.8 23.6 20.7 22.8 20.0 C43 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 29.4 32.3 28.7 28.8 28.2 C43a Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 29.2 32.3 28.8 30.4 28.3 C44 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 29.6 28.7 26.8 29.0 28.5 C49 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 23.7 22.9 18.6 21.6 17.6 C51 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.7 31.7 25.2 26.2 24.4 C52 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.9 28.3 23.1 24.1 23.8 22.1 C53 Roadside Diffusion Tube 67 67 25.4 25.0 22.2 22.8 (estimate) C54 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 29.3 - 25.5 28.4 22.8 C56 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 33.3 34.6 32.1 31.4 28.3 C57 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 27.2 25.7 18.1 22.6 18.8 C58 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 36.3 39.5 36.8 35.5 35.2 C59 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.9 33.8 29.9 29.6 28.3 C62 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 28.6 30.7 28.4 26.9 27.2 C63 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 20.6 19.2 18.8 17.8 C7 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 29.2 30.8 23.8 19.8 18.0 D10 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 20.9 21.5 16.9 18.4 16.5 D12 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 22.1 25.7 22.0 20.4 19.8 D13 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 25.2 27.8 24.5 27.6 24.9 D14 Roadside Diffusion Tube 75 75 42.0 46.1 39.0 36.2 32.7

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 80 City of York Council

D16 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40.0 45.2 37.7 37.5 36.2 D17 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31.8 34.0 31.8 29.2 26.7 D18 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 27.8 30.8 26.3 28.7 27.7 44.1 (distance D19 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 50.8 54.7 48.0 49.9 corrected 34.1) 40.6 (distance D20 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40.6 43.9 40.3 39.7 corrected 25.6) D22 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 33.4 39.9 33.0 34.4 31.8 D24 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 31.9 - 30.3 30.6 28.2 D25 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 41.0 35.1 37.6 36.7 D26 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 26.7 29.2 25.3 26.6 24.9 D27 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 23.9 26.2 25.9 25.8 23.3 D28 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 34.0 37.3 34.1 33.3 31.4 D30 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 25.6 28.8 25.0 24.6 24.7 D31 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 33.0 39.9 31.8 32.6 29.2 D32 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 35.4 37.1 34.1 35.1 31.7 25.4 D33 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 29.2 31.3 30.0 27.5 (estimate) D35 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38.8 42.0 37.3 36.9 36.3 D36 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 34.5 37.5 34.9 35.3 31.7 D37 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 30.9 33.2 26.7 30.9 27.0 D38 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 25.0 26.5 22.5 22.0 21.8 D39 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 35.7 34.0 29.0 31.4 29.2 D4 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 28.3 31.7 27.2 25.7 25.3 D40 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 30.0 31.5 28.1 29.2 25.8

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 81 City of York Council

D41 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38.7 41.1 37.6 32.9 33.4 41.0 (distance D43 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 45.0 47.9 40.4 42.4 corrected 30.9) D45 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 28.9 32.2 26.1 28.3 27.9 D47 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 32.5 33.4 27.2 27.7 25.9 D48 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 37.3 41.2 33.3 36.1 32.9 D49 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38.5 43.3 39.1 36.8 38.0 D50 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 42.8 44.3 41.9 40.3 37.7 D51 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 65.3 57.1 56.5 58.6 D52 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 27.6 24.1 25.8 23.6 27.2 D53 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 32.1 28.7 24.4 (estimate) D54 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - 30.6 25.1 27.3 23.8 D55 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 - 39.8 42.6 48.8 35.1 D6 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.0 22.6 18.0 20.5 17.9 D8 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 40.1 41.4 36.3 36.9 31.5 D9 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38.4 36.6 31.7 34.1 31.7 51.7 D56 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - - 47.4 42.1 (estimate) 37.1 35.7 30.3 D57 Roadside Diffusion Tube 42 42 - - (estimate) (estimate) (estimate) 44.0 D58 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 - - 38.9 (estimate) 38.7 41.2 50.7 (distance D59 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 - - 44.7 (estimate) corrected 37.8) 22.2 D60 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 - - 21.7 22.3 (estimate)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 82 City of York Council

14.3 130 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 - - 14.7 13.9 (estimate)

Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% (i.e. 8 months or less data) If applicable, 2017 data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 83 City of York Council

Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 84 City of York Council

Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

3 (3) Valid Data Capture Valid Data NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Monitoring Site ID Site Type for Monitoring Capture Type (1) (2) Period (%) 2017 (%) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Urban Bootham Automatic 98.8 98.8 0 0 0 0 0 Background Fishergate Roadside Automatic 86.2 86.2 0 0 0 0 0

Holgate Roadside Automatic 96.6 96.6 0 0 0 0 0

Nunnery Lane Roadside Automatic 93.1 93.1 0 0 0 0 0

Gillygate Roadside Automatic 98.0 98.0 0 0 0 0 0 Lawrence Roadside Automatic 98.6 98.6 0 0 2 0 0 Street Heworth Roadside Automatic 98.7 98.7 0 0 (59.5) 0 0 0 Green Fulford Road Roadside Automatic 94.4 94.4 0 0 0 0 0

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 85 City of York Council

Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

Valid Data Capture Valid Data 3 (3) PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site ID Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2017 Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Bootham (TEOM- 13.3 (verified Background 93.6 93.6 11.7 15.0 15.3 14.9 Jan –Sept 2017 FDMS) only) Fishergate 16.3 (verified Roadside 83.6 83.6 18.8 18.4 17.8 16.3 Jan –Sept 2017 (TEOM-FDMS) only) Holgate Road Roadside 88.3 88.3 23.8 18.3 20.9 (low data 12.0 10.5 (TEOM-FDMS) capture) Plantation Drive Roadside 92.1 92.1 18.1 17.2 - 15.5 15.6 (TEOM) Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 86 City of York Council

Figure A.2 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 87 City of York Council

Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

3 (3) Valid Data Capture PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m Valid Data Capture Site ID Site Type for Monitoring (2) (1) 2017 (%) Period (%) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Bootham Background 93.6 93.6 3 4 6 2 5 (TEOM-FDMS)

Fishergate Roadside 83.6 83.6 4 (33.8) 7 8 2 6 (28.8) (TEOM-FDMS)

Holgate Road Roadside 88.3 88.3 10 (39.1) 8 (32.1) 7 (41.1) 2 4 (TEOM-FDMS)

Plantation Drive Roadside 92.1 92.1 4 7 N/A 2 4 (TEOM)

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 88 City of York Council

3 Figure A.3 – Trends in Number of 24-Hour Mean PM10 Results >50µg/m

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 89 City of York Council

Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results

3 (3) Valid Data Capture PM2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Valid Data Capture Site ID Site Type for Monitoring Period (2) (1) 2017 (%) (%) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Bootham Urban Background 92.6 92.6 11.5 12.4 10.2 9.8 8.7 (TEOM-FDMS)

Fishergate Roadside 79.3 79.3 13.3 13.6 12.0 12.0 11.4 (TEOM-FDMS)

Gillygate Roadside 99.3 99.3 - 9.7 9.1 9.0 8.4 (TEOM)

Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 90 City of York Council

Figure A.4 – Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 91 City of York Council

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017

Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results – 2017

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean Bias Distance Adjusted Site ID Corrected (R=0.708, Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw to B=0.663) Data Nearest and Exposure Annualised 2 (1) ( )

5 38.0 25.3 25.7 16.0 13.5 15.3 13.7 14.6 18.0 23.3 33.5 33.9 22.6 16.0 16.0 6 58.0 48.2 54.5 62.1 46.1 49.9 43.7 46.9 50.1 49.1 70.8 53 52.7 37.3 37.3 32.8 7 72.9 68.8 76.4 51.8 61.3 47.6 49.2 54.6 57.6 60.1 53.4 65.6 59.9 42.4 (distance corrected) 8 36.4 31.2 23.7 18.5 18.0 14.5 14.2 18.2 16.8 25.6 35.5 31 23.6 15.7 15.7 9 36.2 27.9 24.3 21.2 16.8 15.1 14.9 18.5 19.3 27.7 29.9 32.2 23.7 15.7 15.7 11 37.8 26.9 23.1 17.3 19.0 14.9 14.9 15.5 19.1 22.7 25.7 29.7 22.2 14.7 14.7 13 69.3 54.7 62.8 59.2 57.3 64.4 51.9 56.5 58.9 60.1 75.1 51 60.1 42.5 42.5 14 75.4 74.7 68.8 51.7 63.0 55.5 56.8 54.7 55.1 62.0 59.1 63.1 61.7 43.6 43.6 15 69.6 54.2 59.2 44.0 49.3 42.3 42.7 40.9 51.0 50.2 50.4 54.6 50.7 35.9 35.9 16 63.3 51.4 47.9 47.8 42.7 48.2 37.6 46.2 45.3 54.7 69.1 56.8 50.9 36.0 36.0 17 60.3 49.4 41.9 40.9 39.8 38.9 35.6 36.4 40.0 47.6 45.2 47 43.6 30.9 30.9 18 53.3 44.2 32.7 35.4 37.2 35.4 32.8 36.3 36.4 44.8 50.2 51.8 40.9 28.9 28.9 25 48.5 28.6 32.1 24.0 18.1 21.6 19.1 22.2 23.9 29.0 45.7 40.7 29.5 20.9 20.9 26 50.5 46.3 47.8 35.8 33.6 33.6 28.0 30.9 33.7 44.2 51 44.2 40.0 28.3 28.3

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 92 City of York Council

33 52.1 43.5 42.4 32.2 27.6 26.2 24.8 29.1 32.1 36.7 46.5 48.1 36.8 26.0 26.0 35 47.1 42.7 36.8 32.5 25.1 24.8 23.7 28.2 29.8 32.6 42.5 47.3 34.4 24.4 24.4 37 55.5 48.0 33.6 42.4 36.6 33.7 37.4 36.1 40.4 33.3 33.3

44 43.7 35.1 37.2 30.3 24.8 27.6 25.0 29.8 26.9 35.8 44.2 18.7 31.6 22.4 22.4 45 58.6 51.5 43.9 40.3 38.1 37.5 34.8 37.2 35.4 43.8 48.3 30.2 41.6 29.5 29.5 47 51.7 43.8 46.3 37.6 36.1 32.2 30.0 35.7 35.0 41.8 46.9 44.1 40.1 28.4 28.4 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0 0 Blank Blank Blank 60 48.6 34.4 22.6 21.7 19.4 18.9 20.6 63.2 30.2 37.7 32.1 31.8 22.5 22.5

78 53.5 46.6 47.7 34.2 36.6 32.4 31.5 32.8 36.7 39.8 43.6 43.8 39.9 28.3 28.3 79 55.6 46.2 46.4 34.1 42.0 31.0 31.0 27.5 38.7 42.8 45 47 40.6 28.7 28.7 80 56.5 47.1 34.4 40.1 30.1 30.3 36.3 37.0 42.0 41.5 43.1 39.9 28.2 28.2

83 40.4 44.7 40.4 34.7 28.2 24.7 22.1 26.3 28.5 30.7 43.9 44 34.1 22.6 22.6 88 36.6 24.5 22.1 14.6 11.4 13.7 10.8 13.4 14.3 20.6 24.9 30.6 19.8 13.1 13.1 90 32.4 28.0 24.7 18.7 14.6 15.9 15.6 17.6 18.1 17.9 30 30.9 22.0 15.6 15.6 96 47.0 34.1 35.9 23.7 18.2 23.3 19.9 20.1 26.5 31.6 36.7 36.5 29.5 20.9 20.9 100 41.9 35.3 31.2 21.9 22.4 20.0 17.9 19.7 22.1 28.6 29.9 26.4 18.7 18.7

101 45.9 48.9 50.3 47.4 35.8 46.7 34.5 36.7 38.1 52.9 58.1 50.5 45.5 32.2 32.2 102 51.1 51.3 45.3 40.4 45.6 25.0 32.0 32.8 42.5 50 47.4 42.1 29.8 29.8

103 59.5 50.8 50.4 43.7 44.2 30.0 32.9 35.3 36.2 43.2 49.3 48.7 43.7 30.9 30.9 104 57.4 55.2 47.7 40.8 41.4 32.0 33.1 34.0 55.3 51.2 44.8 31.7 31.7

107 42.4 34.1 30.8 19.1 18.9 17.0 14.8 18.6 22.8 26.3 31.8 30.6 25.6 18.1 18.1 108 46.6 34.7 35.3 28.7 22.5 22.7 19.8 25.1 26.0 33.3 42.9 38.4 31.3 22.2 22.2 109 63.8 62.9 69.3 63.4 48.7 62.1 56.1 60.5 58.9 65.8 61.2 43.3 43.3

110 74.9 63.6 65.2 69.7 57.5 65.2 53.7 51.9 61.3 70.4 72.1 70.4 64.7 45.8 45.8 111 45.8 45.6 42.3 30.8 33.2 28.8 27.8 30.7 31.9 33.1 45.7 43.9 36.6 25.9 25.9 112 40.6 37.8 37.5 28.5 26.3 22.1 21.9 33.7 39.9 31.5 32.0 22.6 22.6

114 55.9 58.3 58.4 63.3 52.7 53.1 44.3 52.6 50.3 56.3 62.3 67 56.2 39.8 34.6

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 93 City of York Council

(distance corrected) 116 55.9 40.4 44.5 39.1 28.8 31.8 27.7 30.6 32.4 35.3 52.9 50.3 39.1 27.7 27.7 125 34.9 23.5 24.1 15.8 13.2 12.9 13.0 13.9 16.9 24.1 29.5 27.8 20.8 14.7 14.7 126 33.6 30.1 26.6 19.8 15.5 16.2 13.5 15.4 17.4 22.5 33.8 27.7 22.7 16.1 16.1 127 45.9 34.6 45.3 37.2 25.9 28.0 20.1 21.6 25.0 28.5 36.8 37.9 32.2 22.8 22.8 128 45.5 34.5 29.3 21.3 20.7 19.0 17.1 19.5 21.5 27.3 30.9 28.8 26.3 18.6 18.6 129 36.2 29.9 27.8 21.7 16.8 19.7 17.2 20.9 18.6 25.4 28.4 28.3 24.2 17.2 17.2 130 32.2 28.1 23.3 16.1 13.4 13.0 10.1 12.5 11.8 18.8 28.3 27.2 19.6 13.9 13.9 2a 41.9 41.8 38.6 31.8 25.8 26.8 28.3 32.1 33.6 45.9 47.3 35.8 25.3 25.3

2b 48.9 41.4 39.4 32.5 33.2 26.8 27.6 28.0 29.1 35.6 45.3 44.6 36.0 25.5 25.5 2c 47.5 39.4 37.0 29.7 31.4 26.2 28.4 28.2 32.5 34.2 42 43.3 35.0 24.8 24.8 3a 37.8 28.6 24.9 14.0 14.1 11.2 12.8 17.3 17.6 30.2 32.1 21.9 14.5 14.5

3b 42.3 26.7 27.9 16.8 16.6 14.6 12.4 15.4 18.2 24.3 33.3 31.4 23.3 15.5 15.5 3c 37.3 26.7 26.5 17.3 15.9 14.2 13.3 17.6 23.7 24.8 31.7 33.6 23.6 15.6 15.6 95a 42.7 31.2 33.2 29.1 25.3 27.5 23.8 27.3 30.6 34.1 43.1 35.3 31.9 22.6 22.6 95b 38.8 28.9 29.4 27.7 26.9 27.7 26.1 27.4 30.7 31.9 41.6 44 31.8 22.5 22.5 95c 38.9 32.2 33.6 30.3 27.5 28.4 26.0 27.3 29.3 31.7 48.1 42.5 33.0 23.3 23.3 9a 36.9 31.2 29.2 19.3 17.6 17.5 14.8 15.8 19.9 25.8 32.9 32.9 24.5 16.2 16.2 A1 74.6 69.6 62.5 63.7 57.2 56.2 55.1 56.2 56.2 58.2 71.8 63.4 62.1 43.9 43.9 A11 55.3 42.7 49.1 40.8 37.3 36.9 34.2 33.2 38.7 41.2 54.6 44.7 42.4 30.0 30.0 A12 48.9 44.1 46.2 35.3 33.4 30.2 32.7 36.2 36.4 51.2 35.4 39.1 27.7 27.7

A13 39.5 32.3 26.9 18.0 18.6 14.5 14.6 17.5 19.6 24.2 29.9 33.3 24.1 16.0 16.0 A14 23.8 31.5 29.0 18.4 19.3 16.6 15.3 16.5 19.3 23.8 29.3 29.7 22.7 15.1 15.1 A14a 44.1 31.7 27.6 19.7 19.3 15.7 15.2 17.0 20.0 22.2 32.9 29.5 24.6 16.3 16.3 A17 62.4 46.1 38.5 31.1 33.8 32.6 30.5 31.9 36.7 42.3 42.8 38.5 38.9 27.6 27.6 A19 52.0 46.5 40.9 38.5 34.8 31.3 28.1 30.0 34.9 41.6 43 48.3 39.2 27.7 27.7

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 94 City of York Council

A19a 62.8 46.5 41.6 43.6 31.4 35.5 28.3 31.6 27.9 48.3 48.2 40.5 28.7 28.7

A19b 52.3 45.9 46.4 38.4 32.3 33.5 30.2 31.2 33.9 41.0 49.8 48.8 40.3 28.5 28.5 A2 51.3 49.1 42.6 33.1 32.2 40.0 34.3 41.7 40.7 49.7 53.6 45.5 42.8 30.3 30.3 A20 62.2 49.5 43.4 36.6 37.9 33.2 30.0 31.2 37.1 38.3 49.3 44.3 41.1 29.1 29.1 A20a 46.3 45.2 39.7 38.8 35.7 32.2 30.1 29.9 36.0 35.6 51.2 43.6 38.7 27.4 27.4 A20b 57.8 46.9 48.2 41.3 39.8 29.1 29.7 33.7 35.2 35.1 54.8 48.8 41.7 29.5 29.5 A21 44.1 33.5 32.9 26.1 21.1 21.6 17.8 23.4 25.0 31.2 34.4 37.8 29.1 19.3 19.3 A22 42.6 34.8 33.7 24.4 21.7 22.2 18.5 22.2 24.2 26.7 39.1 36 28.8 19.1 19.1 A25 45.9 37.3 37.1 27.4 28.2 23.4 22.4 22.1 26.3 30.3 36.8 32.6 30.8 21.8 21.8 A29 39.9 32.8 30.0 23.5 19.6 22.6 18.6 21.0 22.3 31.2 33.9 32.3 27.3 18.1 18.1 A3 51.1 43.0 41.3 27.0 34.9 28.2 30.1 34.8 38.5 39.3 40 43.9 37.7 26.7 26.7 A30 43.7 30.9 30.9 21.4 19.6 19.8 19.5 23.5 27.5 36 31.7 27.7 18.4 18.4

A36 41.3 28.0 16.0 13.9 19.7 23.8 23.8 15.8 15.8

A38 41.9 27.2 25.6 16.6 17.9 14.3 13.8 14.6 16.2 21.9 28.5 20.2 21.6 14.3 14.3 A4 37.8 29.5 25.8 20.7 19.9 24.4 19.7 24.4 25.1 32.5 36.5 32.9 27.4 18.2 18.2 A40 38.0 36.5 33.0 22.1 26.8 19.4 20.4 18.4 21.5 24.8 33 31.7 27.1 18.0 18.0 A41 42.2 33.5 32.5 24.3 27.2 18.0 21.5 20.0 22.9 26.0 33.4 35.1 28.1 19.9 19.9 A45 36.1 28.5 25.7 15.5 16.1 14.0 12.7 12.9 14.6 22.2 14.6 28 20.1 13.3 13.3 A50 42.5 45.4 45.4 32.9 32.7 28.7 27.9 28.3 30.6 36.4 45.4 46.6 36.9 26.1 26.1 A51 47.6 35.6 34.8 24.0 23.9 27.0 21.8 26.7 24.3 33.2 35.2 39.1 31.1 20.6 20.6 A52 59.4 42.8 47.6 35.8 36.2 31.8 33.3 36.3 45.7 50.1 41.9 29.7 29.7

A53 48.2 50.2 47.1 35.0 35.6 39.0 31.7 36.2 33.7 44.2 47.4 40.8 28.8 28.8

A54 59.0 54.6 44.4 36.6 45.8 33.3 42.6 41.3 50.0 48.1 58 46.7 33.1 33.1

A55 55.4 48.4 49.4 42.0 35.6 36.2 29.6 35.6 38.0 44.3 46.3 41.9 41.9 29.7 29.7 A56 48.1 45.2 48.1 38.6 40.1 33.9 31.8 30.1 34.1 41.1 44.7 41.9 39.8 26.4 26.4 A57 70.8 31.8 74.1 62.7 64.8 52.3 50.1 54.1 57.4 66.8 77.9 67.6 60.9 43.1 43.1 A6 42.7 39.4 41.1 27.3 22.5 30.6 23.1 29.2 27.1 39.5 46 41.9 34.2 24.2 24.2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 95 City of York Council

A60 32.8 26.8 23.1 16.5 14.6 12.1 13.3 13.9 15.6 17.4 23.9 27.9 19.8 13.2 13.2 A62 35.5 24.2 23.0 18.0 13.1 13.3 12.0 15.7 16.4 23.5 28.3 26.8 20.8 13.8 13.8 A64 57.2 49.1 43.4 30.6 39.5 29.2 32.5 31.9 39.1 34.8 46 46.8 40.0 28.3 28.3 A66 36.3 27.3 21.7 17.0 16.0 15.9 14.5 17.9 17.9 24.7 27.7 28.7 22.1 14.7 14.7 A69 35.2 22.2 22.7 14.8 14.9 12.0 12.2 12.1 14.5 18.8 25 24 19.0 12.6 12.6 A7 50.6 44.7 42.3 32.2 30.1 29.7 25.8 32.3 35.0 41.0 47.9 40.2 37.7 26.7 26.7 A70 41.1 29.5 26.1 20.3 19.9 19.0 16.5 18.4 23.4 26.3 33.3 34.2 25.7 17.0 17.0 A71 39.5 25.8 24.2 15.4 13.1 12.1 10.2 13.4 15.9 18.5 27.7 28.1 20.3 13.5 13.5 A74 37.5 25.5 22.4 14.0 12.6 13.1 11.3 14.2 16.3 20.4 27.9 28 20.3 13.4 13.4 A77 38.7 35.8 27.9 21.1 17.0 16.6 16.1 18.1 23.3 28.5 38.5 35 26.4 17.5 17.5 A81 37.3 25.7 23.7 20.5 15.7 17.2 14.1 17.9 17.3 21.5 33.4 22.2 14.7 14.7

A85 42.7 30.5 31.2 26.0 22.9 22.6 20.5 25.0 23.4 30.7 36.6 35.1 28.9 19.2 19.2 A88 32.4 29.0 25.4 18.8 17.6 13.5 13.8 16.0 18.5 23.5 31.4 32.2 22.7 15.0 15.0 A9 55.9 46.0 44.8 35.0 30.4 34.3 17.1 33.5 35.8 40.2 53.3 31 38.1 27.0 27.0 A90 64.8 53.3 56.2 47.6 38.2 43.9 40.2 46.4 44.4 50.5 60 62.6 50.7 35.9 35.9 A94 62.4 49.0 45.9 28.5 25.1 15.7 13.6 15.9 18.9 22.9 42.8 39.8 31.7 22.4 22.4 A96 56.8 50.3 43.8 29.3 37.5 33.3 28.2 34.5 38.5 41.8 55 49.9 41.6 29.4 29.4 A97 46.9 36.4 30.7 22.2 18.9 19.5 16.0 17.4 21.0 29.7 33.4 35.7 27.3 19.3 19.3 A98 38.0 36.5 39.4 33.5 25.9 23.1 24.1 26.1 27.3 30.8 43.1 39.1 32.2 22.8 22.8 B1 52.0 46.9 38.8 33.3 34.6 32.2 32.3 27.9 39.3 42.8 53.6 49 40.2 28.5 28.5 B15 39.9 28.2 21.7 17.0 19.9 19.2 22.1 28.8 38 31.7 26.7 18.9 18.9

B19 40.5 31.7 30.9 25.0 18.5 21.0 16.6 22.5 20.9 31.1 38.1 41 28.2 19.9 19.9 B2 51.7 40.7 40.2 28.8 27.1 22.9 23.5 25.6 29.8 35.8 41.4 42.3 34.2 24.2 24.2 B29 38.7 34.1 32.8 24.4 20.7 22.4 19.8 22.6 22.6 28.4 39.2 32.8 28.2 20.0 20.0 B3 45.7 37.6 32.7 21.5 21.9 21.4 20.4 22.4 26.8 33.8 40.5 40.2 30.4 21.5 21.5 B36 29.8 22.5 22.9 17.3 13.8 13.8 31.5 21.7 13.6 13.6

B37 30.6 24.3 23.7 13.7 14.4 12.3 15.9 24.8 20.0 13.0 13.0

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 96 City of York Council

B37a 30.6 24.5 22.3 12.4 13.8 31.4 33.8 24.1 14.3 14.3

B38 39.7 33.6 28.6 18.4 20.0 16.0 13.6 16.5 17.6 22.8 27.9 32.5 23.9 15.9 15.9 B41 54.0 49.8 49.7 42.0 34.4 39.0 34.2 33.7 40.6 40.9 52.3 40 42.6 28.2 28.2 B42 43.5 39.1 40.6 29.7 31.0 28.8 26.6 31.7 29.5 28.4 39.6 34.9 33.6 22.3 22.3 B43 42.3 35.9 37.9 25.0 27.4 22.0 21.8 23.2 23.8 28.5 35.2 35 29.8 19.8 19.8 B44 51.5 54.6 36.3 36.7 36.2 32.2 37.5 36.4 38.6 45.5 50.9 41.5 29.4 29.4

B45 47.9 46.0 42.3 36.5 32.8 33.9 26.5 28.3 29.6 33.7 47 44.4 37.4 26.5 26.5 B47 35.6 25.7 27.9 18.3 15.0 15.9 14.2 15.5 24.6 30.2 26.1 22.6 15.0 15.0

B48 35.1 75.5 32.1 21.5 19.3 16.8 18.8 21.3 22.0 32.2 33.1 29.8 19.8 19.8

B50 39.9 39.3 39.5 26.2 26.8 26.1 21.7 24.6 26.0 33.0 34.2 39.1 31.4 22.2 22.2 B51 35.6 28.7 29.6 18.8 17.7 18.7 16.5 18.2 20.0 27.3 32.3 30.1 24.5 16.2 16.2 B56 58.0 52.2 49.6 36.9 38.0 35.8 33.6 36.6 40.9 47.6 48 43.4 30.7 30.7

B58 37.9 29.5 29.0 22.2 19.8 20.6 17.8 20.8 22.1 28.6 34.9 34.8 26.5 17.6 17.6 B60 42.8 33.7 32.6 20.7 17.6 21.0 16.4 19.7 20.5 28.8 30.8 40.3 27.1 18.0 18.0 B63 52.6 51.5 46.4 34.9 33.3 39.8 32.9 37.3 37.0 46.7 49.1 42.5 42.0 29.7 29.7 B72 70.6 62.0 64.0 58.5 51.9 60.1 49.8 55.8 56.7 58.9 63.9 73 60.4 42.8 42.8 B74 34.1 32.8 29.9 22.7 18.8 17.9 15.4 20.7 23.9 37.4 29.3 25.7 17.1 17.1

B80 39.5 26.8 22.6 15.7 16.0 16.3 13.9 17.1 15.5 25.8 29.4 34.2 22.7 15.1 15.1 B82 48.6 38.4 33.6 25.7 22.1 26.8 25.1 26.9 29.6 36.7 40.3 39 32.7 21.7 21.7 B83 48.4 43.6 41.1 29.0 30.0 29.9 22.1 25.7 28.8 38.2 50.1 39.7 35.6 25.2 25.2 B84 40.9 36.2 34.1 29.1 26.1 28.4 36.5 27.2 28.5 34.7 36.8 32.1 32.6 21.6 21.6 B85 39.2 48.7 47.9 37.1 36.4 36.7 33.4 33.2 37.2 40.1 50.2 41.8 40.2 28.4 28.4 B86 43.6 38.3 36.4 28.0 23.4 23.8 23.9 27.5 25.2 33.7 45.5 44.8 32.8 23.2 23.2 B88 52.2 46.0 47.5 37.1 29.9 33.0 28.7 34.4 39.7 53.9 40.2 28.5 28.5

B89 56.9 52.9 59.0 50.5 43.0 51.0 40.0 47.0 48.5 51.1 63 60.2 51.9 36.8 36.8 B90 59.2 53.9 57.4 47.2 42.8 38.4 22.5 38.1 41.0 43.1 66.1 68.3 48.2 34.1 34.1 C12 34.6 27.9 28.7 17.0 18.2 16.6 15.7 15.7 19.4 26.3 25.7 30 23.0 15.2 15.2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 97 City of York Council

C17 47.0 28.8 27.3 19.5 16.6 10.6 15.8 19.1 24.1 26.8 31.9 24.3 16.1 16.1

C18 32.6 40.8 34.8 33.7 25.3 30.1 23.6 30.0 29.7 38.5 43.8 44 33.9 22.5 22.5 C19 32.4 26.2 25.0 19.5 17.7 16.5 17.6 22.2 20.0 26.1 28.5 30.7 23.5 15.6 15.6 C2 53.3 50.1 46.5 33.8 36.7 40.7 33.2 38.2 37.8 53.1 53.7 57.5 44.6 31.5 31.5 C20 32.6 27.1 26.5 17.1 17.5 18.8 21.1 32.4 35.3 25.4 16.8 16.8

C21 43.6 38.3 39.0 34.5 29.2 30.8 28.3 34.1 34.2 34.9 43.5 46.9 36.4 25.8 25.8 C22 45.2 32.6 33.9 25.5 22.5 23.7 18.3 26.1 24.7 29.6 36.6 35.8 29.5 19.6 19.6 C23 56.8 55.1 57.2 54.6 49.5 48.6 46.0 51.8 43.2 45.6 56.5 61.5 52.2 37.0 37.0 C26 62.6 57.3 54.2 52.8 47.4 46.8 46.7 44.4 48.4 54.0 63.2 68.5 53.9 38.1 38.1 C27 67.9 67.3 73.4 69.4 59.5 71.0 56.4 58.2 64.2 73.7 51.6 64.8 45.9 45.9

C28 33.5 21.9 31.0 18.0 16.7 16.5 14.1 16.9 18.6 22.7 25 23.6 21.5 14.3 14.3 C29 61.6 50.8 43.9 37.5 33.1 27.7 29.5 27.5 33.6 45.5 42 43.8 39.7 28.1 28.1 C30 48.8 43.3 45.1 35.1 33.2 32.1 36.6 39.8 39.4 56.8 41.0 29.0 29.0

C31 37.0 29.6 30.1 24.6 19.4 18.8 17.3 21.3 22.2 27.7 37.1 36.2 26.8 17.8 17.8 C32 44.7 33.1 35.5 27.4 26.8 29.8 25.6 27.5 30.0 30.0 47.9 32.6 21.6 21.6

C33 38.6 28.7 28.3 21.2 18.8 14.3 14.1 13.9 17.8 21.6 29.3 28.4 22.9 15.2 15.2 C34 44.8 34.8 36.8 28.2 31.9 22.1 24.1 22.3 27.0 28.1 41 37.5 31.6 22.3 22.3 C36 52.1 39.6 46.5 38.6 32.6 35.6 28.7 34.2 40.0 34.0 51.7 29 38.6 27.3 27.3 C37 33.9 35.7 26.4 27.1 19.5 21.7 21.4 27.4 27.0 38.3 32.1 28.2 18.7 18.7

C38 55.3 43.8 41.4 35.5 28.4 23.9 27.3 27.2 29.4 30.9 43.9 47.8 36.2 25.6 25.6 C39 64.3 51.2 51.8 47.8 37.4 48.4 36.2 40.0 44.9 47.7 62.2 60 49.3 34.9 34.9 C4 36.8 28.3 26.3 20.2 16.3 18.3 16.0 19.0 18.9 25.2 32.5 29.9 24.0 15.9 15.9 C40 37.9 29.7 27.5 22.0 21.4 19.5 19.2 21.8 22.6 27.9 35.8 33.8 26.6 17.6 17.6 C42 39.3 31.2 34.1 29.0 22.6 28.3 21.9 25.8 25.9 32.0 37.6 33.5 30.1 20.0 20.0 C43 50.5 47.2 42.5 38.7 32.0 35.4 29.3 32.6 32.8 48.8 48.2 39.8 28.2 28.2

C43a 51.2 37.4 45.2 39.0 31.5 32.4 25.9 33.1 37.1 54.3 53.2 40.0 28.3 28.3

C44 50.7 40.7 43.0 40.6 31.5 34.6 29.5 30.5 32.9 56.4 52.8 40.3 28.5 28.5

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 98 City of York Council

C49 45.3 31.8 29.6 22.0 22.2 16.3 18.1 19.4 21.6 27.6 31.8 33.3 26.6 17.6 17.6 C51 48.2 36.2 38.7 29.4 30.0 22.4 23.2 26.2 29.6 36.2 47.3 45.8 34.4 24.4 24.4 C52 55.7 38.6 35.3 25.7 24.3 23.7 20.9 23.7 28.5 31.2 45.4 51.1 33.7 23.8 23.8 C53 47.2 33.9 31.5 26.8 23.2 28.2 45.4 46.1 35.3 22.1 22.1

C54 39.4 30.4 30.5 28.0 27.2 26.5 11.7 30.6 33.5 47.8 48.8 32.2 22.8 22.8

C56 53.7 47.4 43.5 35.8 36.7 34.2 32.2 31.9 34.8 40.7 53.9 35.8 40.1 28.3 28.3 C57 42.6 36.6 33.7 22.8 22.1 24.3 19.9 21.4 23.5 28.6 32.2 32.1 28.3 18.8 18.8 C58 56.0 45.8 54.1 52.5 42.5 49.5 42.0 42.3 40.9 47.3 67.1 57.5 49.8 35.2 35.2 C59 40.8 42.9 40.2 38.0 34.0 35.6 30.1 36.1 38.3 43.5 49.1 50.6 39.9 28.3 28.3 C62 50.4 44.9 40.5 32.5 28.3 36.2 29.2 35.7 31.4 41.6 46.6 44.2 38.5 27.2 27.2 C63 31.5 29.6 29.1 24.2 16.7 19.6 18.7 22.2 20.7 25.0 35.2 29.7 25.2 17.8 17.8 C7 41.8 31.3 29.3 20.1 21.5 17.0 16.5 19.3 20.1 27.9 28.3 32.1 25.4 18.0 18.0 D10 38.5 28.4 28.1 20.2 16.5 17.3 14.4 19.3 19.8 25.0 36.8 34 24.9 16.5 16.5 D12 39.7 33.2 33.4 22.5 22.8 24.3 20.0 23.8 23.8 29.5 33.7 29.1 28.0 19.8 19.8 D13 51.4 40.7 32.9 32.2 29.3 27.2 30.8 28.0 31.8 42.7 40 35.2 24.9 24.9

D14 54.5 50.8 56.4 43.9 47.2 39.0 37.8 42.4 44.3 46.3 32.7 32.7

D16 65.4 59.2 58.4 48.5 48.7 43.2 42.6 42.4 51.3 44.9 60.1 49.7 51.2 36.2 36.2 D17 48.4 40.0 40.6 33.7 31.3 32.5 28.8 34.3 30.0 39.4 51.2 41.9 37.7 26.7 26.7 D18 49.3 36.9 41.3 41.1 32.1 29.7 29.9 32.4 33.7 38.9 52.5 51.6 39.1 27.7 27.7 34.1 D19 70.1 69.7 64.2 65.2 58.1 52.1 53.6 53.8 60.6 71.5 66.2 62.3 44.1 (distance corrected) 25.6 D20 74.6 64.0 64.2 50.7 54.2 52.8 44.2 48.0 53.2 55.3 63.5 64.4 57.4 40.6 (distance corrected) D22 54.2 50.4 52.9 40.8 42.5 36.3 38.7 42.5 36.3 35.6 55.8 53.8 45.0 31.8 31.8 D24 49.0 43.1 45.9 40.7 32.0 30.1 25.9 30.4 31.7 34.5 62.7 51.5 39.8 28.2 28.2 D25 60.9 57.3 52.6 59.2 41.4 49.3 43.4 49.8 45.7 52.7 62.9 47.3 51.9 36.7 36.7 D26 50.3 35.8 38.0 30.9 28.6 26.5 25.2 28.1 30.7 37.1 47.6 43.1 35.2 24.9 24.9

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 99 City of York Council

D27 43.3 37.5 37.2 30.7 31.1 27.6 21.9 27.0 29.3 30.2 40.2 39.1 32.9 23.3 23.3 D28 47.3 49.4 53.0 50.3 38.5 45.1 36.3 44.0 5.8 52.1 57.8 52.6 44.4 31.4 31.4 D30 49.5 38.6 36.8 31.2 27.3 26.5 25.6 27.2 30.6 35.0 46.2 43.8 34.9 24.7 24.7 D31 60.8 48.8 50.3 29.9 38.8 32.4 29.9 31.7 39.7 41.6 46.2 44.4 41.2 29.2 29.2 D32 43.5 40.1 42.1 40.5 42.0 39.1 39.4 43.1 45.8 50.8 57.8 54 44.9 31.7 31.7 D33 55.4 44.6 36.5 36.8 32.9 31.2 28.9 26.1 30.9 40.5 55.1 47.4 38.9 27.5 27.5 D35 58.6 50.0 59.7 49.0 46.6 47.6 40.8 46.2 45.0 44.1 68.6 60 51.4 36.3 36.3 D36 52.4 47.2 46.4 43.5 35.2 42.2 36.8 36.5 38.1 40.1 63 55.8 44.8 31.7 31.7 D37 58.6 50.6 46.4 36.5 27.2 29.5 26.5 34.4 29.2 45.5 34.7 38.1 27.0 27.0

D38 50.4 38.1 36.5 25.9 24.6 19.4 20.5 23.4 24.2 30.6 39.8 36.5 30.8 21.8 21.8 D39 57.7 44.7 45.1 37.5 34.9 32.8 32.1 32.4 39.3 41.2 48.2 48.4 41.2 29.2 29.2 D4 60.5 44.5 44.0 30.8 28.0 23.5 24.6 27.3 30.6 34.6 44.6 35.7 25.3 25.3

D40 54.7 45.3 41.6 32.0 30.8 27.7 26.5 25.5 32.8 35.5 44.8 40.8 36.5 25.8 25.8 D41 55.7 49.0 49.1 39.1 41.0 36.2 38.8 46.1 43.5 51.7 60.3 55.3 47.2 33.4 33.4 30.9 D43 69.5 66.9 62.2 58.0 61.7 54.6 43.1 42.0 53.8 61.8 64 58.0 41.0 (distance corrected) D45 48.4 37.0 40.2 32.4 38.0 30.1 34.0 33.3 39.7 51.9 48.7 39.4 27.9 27.9

D47 54.9 44.5 42.9 26.8 34.2 19.6 24.9 29.5 35.4 44.7 44.8 36.6 25.9 25.9

D48 62.4 53.1 45.1 38.9 50.6 42.2 40.5 38.5 46.7 41.0 51.6 47.1 46.5 32.9 32.9 D49 66.8 58.0 59.5 51.0 47.5 40.6 43.9 45.2 50.1 53.6 65.1 62.9 53.7 38.0 38.0 D50 63.0 55.8 56.4 62.9 52.7 48.5 34.5 44.1 44.2 52.1 66 59.6 53.3 37.7 37.7 D51 75.8 79.2 85.6 92.5 80.3 84.2 80.9 83.1 81.5 81.9 84.8 83.3 82.8 58.6 58.6 D52 44.7 35.9 39.6 30.6 29.7 25.1 23.3 26.1 28.9 34.4 39.3 43.1 33.4 23.6 23.6 D53 46.5 40.5 40.5 33.6 35.0 26.2 27.2 25.4 30.9 29.8 42.5 36.3 34.5 24.4 24.4 D54 41.2 40.4 39.1 31.6 34.7 24.2 27.5 27.4 28.6 30.7 43 34.5 33.6 23.8 23.8 D55 55.7 53.3 52.1 53.8 34.7 44.4 43.2 45.1 46.7 59.1 57.2 49.6 35.1 35.1

D56 69.0 57.4 65.5 64.9 62.2 58.5 46.4 54.5 42.9 55.1 69.6 67.7 59.5 42.1 42.1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 100 City of York Council

D57 52.4 47.9 45.7 60.7 50.5 51.4 30.3 30.3

D58 52.2 60.1 51.6 52.9 54.2 41.1 56.9 51.6 60.8 59.7 60.4 54.7 38.7 38.7

37.8 D59 64.4 50.9 65.6 52.3 47.3 49.0 59.0 52.0 66.5 65 68.2 58.2 41.2 (distance corrected) D6 44.0 32.2 30.8 20.6 17.5 15.5 16.7 20.6 22.3 27.8 37.7 38.9 27.1 17.9 17.9 D60 47.2 33.5 35.5 26.1 22.1 22.2 35.8 25.0 25.3 31.7 41.6 31.5 22.3 22.3

D8 47.8 49.1 53.8 46.8 37.2 37.5 34.2 34.8 39.4 42.0 57.8 53.5 44.5 31.5 31.5 D9 60.1 51.0 49.4 41.0 44.6 37.1 37.0 32.0 43.4 42.5 54.2 44.7 44.8 31.7 31.7

Local bias adjustment factor used Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 101 City of York Council

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC

C1: QA/QC on monitoring data

To ensure that the air quality data obtained by City of York Council fully complies with the requirements of the Review and Assessment process, a comprehensive set of QA/QC procedures are in place. The aims of the QA/QC programme were fully detailed in ‘Technical Annex 2: Air Pollution Monitoring in York’ which was submitted with the Second and Third Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York.

All continuous sites are calibrated fortnightly by City of York Council’s Public Protection Team. Sites are serviced by the equipment suppliers every 6 months and independently audited every 12 months. The annual audit also provides an independent check of site cylinder concentrations against reference standards.

City of York Council continuous monitoring sites are currently serviced and maintained by ‘Matt’s Monitors’. Data management is currently undertaken by Ricardo-AEA with all results being published to the Air Quality England website at: http://www.airqualityengland.co.uk/. The latest round of station audits were carried out in January 2018 by Ricardo-AEA.

For the purpose of this report, all TEOM particulate (PM10) data collected during 2017 has been corrected using the Volatile Correction Model (VCM) as made available by

DEFRA at www.volatile-correction-model.info/Default.aspx (note that PM2.5 is presented as uncorrected TEOM data as the VCM is not considered appropriate for correction of PM2.5 data). No correction factors have been applied to the TEOM- FDMS data presented in this report.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 102 City of York Council C2: Bias adjustment and precision analysis of diffusion tubes

Introduction

Diffusion tubes used by City of York Council in 2017 were supplied and analysed by Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG), Unit 12 Moorbrook, Southmead Industrial Park, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 7HP. The preparation method used for the diffusion tubes was 50% TEA in Acetone.

AIR is an independent analytical proficiency-testing (PT) scheme, operated by LGC Standards and supported by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). AIR PT is a new scheme, started in April 2014, which combines two long running PT schemes: LGC Standards STACKS PT scheme and HSL WASP PT scheme. AIR offers a number of test samples designed to test the proficiency of laboratories undertaking analysis of chemical pollutants in ambient indoor, stack and workplace air. For the 2017 period, the percentage of results submitted by ESG that were deemed to be satisfactory were 100% (round 18), 100% (round 19), 100% (round 21) and 100% (round 22). Further information is available here: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/airptrounds12to22jan2016oct20171.pdf

As part of the Second and Third Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York, a detailed discussion of the accuracy and precision of diffusion tubes was included in Technical Annex 2: Air Quality Monitoring in York. This included a detailed description of how to calculate accuracy and precision factors for diffusion tubes.

For the purpose of this Annual Status Report, new accuracy and precision factors have been calculated for the nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes for 2017. These factors are based on readings obtained in the 2017 calendar year. The method used to calculate these factors is the same as that outlined in Technical Annex 2 of the Second and Third Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York and the reader should refer to that document for further information.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 103 City of York Council

Calculation of Accuracy Factors

The accuracy factors are calculated from the results obtained from diffusion tubes co- located with real time chemiluminescence analysers. To calculate the bias of the diffusion tubes scatter plots of chemiluminescence data versus diffusion tube data for roadside and background monitoring sites were plotted. For each scatter plot a y=mx line of best fit was applied. In each case the gradient of the line, m, was taken as the bias factor.

Background diffusion tube monitoring

The bias factor for the tubes located at the urban background monitoring site was found to be 0.663, demonstrating that in general the diffusion tubes overestimated the nitrogen dioxide concentrations at the urban background sites. For the purpose of this report bias corrected averages for background sites have been calculated by multiplying the raw tube result by 0.663.

Roadside diffusion tube monitoring

The bias factor for the tubes located the roadside monitoring locations was found to be 0.708, demonstrating that in general the diffusion tubes overestimated the nitrogen dioxide concentration at the roadside. For the purpose of this report bias corrected averages for roadside and kerbside sites have been calculated by multiplying the raw tube result by 0.708.

Comparison of locally derived bias correction factors and factors from national diffusion tube bias adjustment factor spreadsheet

The overall 2017 bias correction factor from the national diffusion tube bias adjustment factor spreadsheet for ESG (Didcot) [preparation method 50% TEA in acetone] from 27 studies was 0.77. This is the suggested figure to use for all site types in the absence of any local collocation data. It was considered that the locally derived bias correction factors of 0.663 and 0.708 for background and roadside sites respectively were broadly comparable to this national figure. Historically, locally derived bias correction factors have always used for the correction of City of York Council’s diffusion tube data and the local figures have therefore been used for correction of tube data presented in this report.

If the national bias correction factor of 0.77 had been applied to all diffusion tubes, this would have resulted in breaches of the annual mean objective at an additional 6

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 104 City of York Council sites (that did not indicate a breach in 2017 using the local bias factors). These were tubes 6, B89, C23, D25, D35, D49 and D50. All these tubes are located within the City of York Council’s existing AQMA boundary, with the exception of tube D50 that is located on Coppergate. However, on the basis of other results obtained on Coppergate, it is proposed to extend the city centre AQMA to include this street (see section 3.2.1)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 105 City of York Council

Calculation of Precision Factors The precision factors are calculated from the results obtained from diffusion tubes co- located side by side. A measurement of the precision of the diffusion tubes has been made by calculating the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of the Variance of the results obtained from each of the duplicate sites8 in York using Equations 1 and 2.

2 Equation 1: Variance = Sum {(Xa -Xa+1/Xm) }

Where: Xa = result 1 for month X

Xa+1 = result 2 for month X

Xm = mean of Xa and Xa+1

Equation 2: RSD of Variance % = (Variance /n)1/2 x 100

Where: n = total number of duplicate tube results

2017 data

The Relative Standard Deviation of Variance for a single month at a single site was found to be 5.92%. This is equivalent to +/- 11.84% at 95% confidence limit.

The annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations in most cases have been calculated by taking the mean of 12 monthly readings. The precision of the annual mean at a 95% confidence level was calculated for each site using Equation 3.

Equation 3: Precision of annual mean = 11.84 (n-1)1/2 Where n = number of readings used to calculate the annual mean at a particular site.

 In most cases n = 12, hence the precision of the majority of the annual averages is +/- 3.57%.  For sites where only 11 tubes were retrieved the precision of the annual averages is +/- 3.74%.  For sites where only 10 tubes were retrieved the precision of the annual averages is +/- 3.95%.  For sites where only 9 tubes were retrieved the precision of the annual averages is +/- 4.19%.

8 Where diffusion tubes were exposed in triplicate (i.e. A, B, and C), the tubes have been expressed as 3 duplicate sets for the purposes of the precision calculations (i.e. AB, AC, and BC).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 106 City of York Council C3: Annualising diffusion tube data (period to annual correction)

LAQM.TG16 states that for those nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube sites with fewer than 9 months worth of data, it is necessary to perform annualisation. Annualisation effectively scales the available monitoring data to provide an estimate of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentration. This can then be compared with health based Air Quality Objectives.

City of York Council undertook background diffusion tube monitoring of nitrogen dioxide at a number of background locations during 2017. Of these sites, 54 diffusion tubes had 12 months data available and have been used to derive the period to annual ratios required for the annualisation. The following steps were used:

 Step 1 - Calculate the period mean for the diffusion tube sample requiring annualisation

 Step 2 - Calculate the corresponding period means and annual means for each of the 54 background diffusion tube locations. Use these two figures to calculate the period mean to annual mean ratio for each of the 54 diffusion tube sites.

 Step 3 – Calculate the average ratio across the 54 background monitoring sites (i.e. n = 50)

 Step 4 – Use the ratio in Step 3 to adjust the period mean (Step 1) to provide an estimate of the annual diffusion tube mean (non-bias adjusted)

 Step 5 – Bias correct the value calculated in step 4 using the appropriate bias correction factor.

A summary of the annualisation is provided in Table C.1 below. Table C.1: Annualisation Summary

Period Annual Bias Bias Valid Mean Average Tube Mean Corrected Site Location Correction Months (tube) in Ratio Estimate in Annual Mean 3 3 Factor 3 µg/m µg/m in µg/m

37 R 8 40.4 1.163 47.0 0.7079 33.3 A36 B 6 23.8 0.999 23.8 0.6634 15.8 B36 B 7 21.7 0.948 20.5 0.6634 13.6 B37 B 8 20.0 0.982 19.6 0.6634 13.0 B37a B 7 24.1 0.894 21.6 0.6634 14.3 C53 R 8 35.3 0.886 31.3 0.7079 22.1 D57 R 5 51.4 0.831 42.7 0.7079 30.3

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 107 City of York Council

As can be seen from the table above, all the annualised diffusion tube results are well below the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide.

C4: Distance Correction

Distance correction has been carried out in line with paragraphs 7.77 – 7.79 of

LAQM.TG (16). Local annual mean background NO2 concentrations have been taken from the Bootham background continuous monitoring station. In 2017, the NO2 concentration monitored at this site was 14.9µg/m3. This value has been used an input to the fall-off with distance calculator.

Following discussions with the LAQM Helpdesk in 2017 for the previous Annual Status Report9 it was agreed that due to the number of diffusion tubes operated by City of York Council, only those in excess of the annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 should be distance corrected. Table C.2 below provides commentary on each of these tubes and shows the information used to distance correct the diffusion tube data. Where a distance correction has not been undertaken, commentary has been provided in the table to explain the reason for this decision. In some instances, diffusion tubes are not strictly in relevant locations but are located at the same distance from the road as nearby properties that would be considered relevant locations. In such instances, tubes are reported as being in relevant locations.

Table C.2 below shows that the distance corrected annual means are all below the annual mean objective of 40μg/m3.

9 Previous email correspondence with Max Nancarrow of LAQM Helpdesk 28/4/2017

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 108 City of York Council Table C.2: Distance Correction of Annual Means that were over the Annual Mean Objective of 40µg/m3

Distance from Distance Bias Distance Distance to Raw monitor to between corrected corrected Site nearest point annual Description Comments kerb of kerb and measured annual ID of relevant mean NO2 nearest road receptor 3 NO2 annual mean exposure (m) (µg/m ) 3 3 (m) (m) mean (µg/m ) (µg/m )

Requires distance 7 Gillygate opposite Portland Street 2.3 0.3 2.6 59.9 42.4 32.8 correction Location considered relevant without correction 13 Papillion hotel - Gillygate as mounted on a - - - 60.1 42.5 42.5 drainpipe attached to facade of building Location considered relevant without correction 14 Former Gillygate Surgery as mounted on a - - - 61.7 43.6 43.6 drainpipe attached to facade of building Location considered relevant without correction Signpost outside 16 Rougier 109 as mounted on a - - - 61.2 43.3 43.3 Street drainpipe attached to facade of building Location considered relevant without correction Signpost in-between Club as mounted on a 110 Salvation & 31 George Hudson drainpipe attached to - - - 64.7 45.8 45.8 Street facade of building. Relevant exposure at first floor level. Bus Stop outside Society bar/cafe Requires distance 114 3.5 2.7 6.2 56.2 39.8 34.6 Rougier Street correction

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 109 City of York Council

Location considered relevant without correction Bootham traffic light outside A1 as mounted on a - - - 62.1 43.9 43.9 dance shop drainpipe attached to facade of building Location considered relevant without correction as mounted on a A57 Hairdressers Holgate Road drainpipe attached to - - - 60.9 43.1 43.1 facade of building. Relevant exposure at first floor level. Located at the same distance from the road as the neighbouring flats. The bias-corrected annual B72 Front of York Cycleworks - - - 60.4 42.8 42.8 mean is therefore considered relevant without distance correction. Location considered relevant without correction C27 Windmill Pub as mounted on a - - - 64.8 45.9 45.9 drainpipe attached to facade of building Requires distance D19 Bridge St/ Micklegate Junction 1.7 0.2 1.9 62.3 44.1 34.1 correction

Low Ousegate / Clifford St Requires distance D20 13 0.5 13.5 57.4 40.6 25.6 junction, outside Waterstones correction

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 110 City of York Council

Rougier Street Signpost 1, has Requires distance D43 3 0.3 3.3 58.0 41.0 30.9 “Except for Access” sign on it. correction Not at relevant location Taxi Rank at York Railway Station D51 (tube installed for non- - - - 82.8 58.6 58.6 Main Entrance LAQM project) Location considered relevant without correction as mounted on a D56 Three Tuns Pub, 12 Coppergate drainpipe attached to - - - 59.5 42.1 42.1 facade of building. Relevant exposure at first floor level. Considered broadly representative of Traffic lights, opposite Duttons, D58 concentrations at junction - - - 54.7 38.7 38.7 Coppergate (relevant locations on other side of road) Requires distance D59 Bus Stop outside 8/9 SLP 1.8 2.7 4.5 58.2 41.2 37.8 correction

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 111 City of York Council Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs Map D.1 - Map showing location of continuous monitoring sites in relation to AQMAs

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) shown in red. Salisbury Terrace AQMA revoked in 2017 but shown for information

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 112 City of York Council Map D.2 - Map showing location of diffusion tubes in relation to AQMAs Also see interactive diffusion tube map available online at: http://jorair.co.uk/data-downloads/air-quality-data/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 113 City of York Council

Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective10 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean Nitrogen Dioxide than 18 times a year (NO ) 2 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean Particulate Matter than 35 times a year (PM ) 10 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

10 3 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m ).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 114 City of York Council

Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, AQAP showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality AQMA objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air Quality Annual Status Report

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool DMRB produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm PM 10 (micrometres or microns) or less

Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm PM 2.5 or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

µg/m3 Microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 115 City of York Council

References

 All City of York Council’s previous Review and Assessment reports can be found online at http://www.jorair.co.uk/data-downloads/reports/

 DEFRA Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16) is available online at: https://consult.defra.gov.uk/communications/laqm_changes/supporting_document s/LAQM%20Technical%20Guidance%202016.pdf

 DEFRA Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(16) is available online at: https://consult.defra.gov.uk/communications/laqm_changes/supporting_document s/LAQM%20Policy%20Guidance%202016.pdf

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 116