DOCSLIB.ORG

The View from the Street: Housing and Shopping in York During the Long Eighteenth Century Volume One (Two Volumes)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The View from the Street: Housing and Shopping in York During the Long Eighteenth Century Volume One (Two Volumes) The View From the Street: Housing and Shopping in York during the Long Eighteenth Century Volume One (Two Volumes) Matthew Jenkins PHD The University of York Archaeology April 2013 ii Abstract This PhD investigates housing and shopping in York during the long eighteenth century. It focuses on the use of buildings biographies. This method links buildings with particular individuals, facilitating the study of how both house and owner influenced each other. These biographies were then used to examine three major themes. Firstly, the appearance and perception of the streetscape, particularly in light of scholarly theories of urban improvement. Secondly, room use and the experience of domestic space. Thirdly, the use of retail space and in particular how the physical fabric can inform our understanding of how these spaces were encountered. This enables eighteenth-century urban spaces to be considered not just as the products of improvement, but as a complex mixture of old and new architecture that influenced the social practices that they housed. iii Contents Volume One Abstract ii List of Contents iii List of figures iv Acknowledgements xii Author’s Declaration xiii Introduction 1 Chapter One: Literature Review 3 Chapter Two: Methodology 35 Chapter Three: Castlegate 52 Chapter Four: High Ousegate and Pavement 86 Chapter Five: Stonegate 123 Chapter Six: Bootham 181 Chapter Seven: Conclusion 228 Abbreviations 245 References 246 Volume Two List of Contents 262 List of figures 263 Figures 271 iv List of Figures Figure 1: John Speed’s plan of York, 1618 (YCA) ............................................................... 271 Figure 2: John Cossins’s plan of York, c. 1727 (YCA) ........................................................ 272 Figure 3: Peter Chassereau’s plan of York, 1750 (YCA) ................................................... 273 Figure 4: Alfred Smith’s 1822 map of York for Edward Baines ‘History, Directory and Gazetteer of the County of York’ (YCA) ................................................................ 274 Figure 5: Modern map of York showing the position of streets featured in PhD .. 275 Figure 6: Front elevation of Nos 19 and 21 Micklegate ................................................... 276 Figure 7: Front elevation of Nos 53 and 55 Micklegate ................................................... 276 Figure 8: View of the bottom end of Micklegate, c. 1904, showing façade of Nos 2, 4 and 6 Micklegate (y9_mic_2049 YCA) ........................................................................... 277 Figure 9: Truncated back range of Nos 2, 4 and 6 Micklegate, dating to the late sixteenth or early seventeenth century (from RCHME Nos 2, 4, 6; Crown copyright, NMR) .................................................................................................................. 277 Figure 10: Front elevation of Nos 35 and 37 Micklegate ................................................ 278 Figure 11: Front elevation of No 69 and 71 Micklegate .................................................. 278 Figure 12: Front elevation of Nos 57 and 59 Micklegate ................................................ 279 Figure 13: Front elevation of Nos 118 and 120 Micklegate ........................................... 279 Figure 14: Detail of 1852 Ordnance Survey map of York showing Castlegate. Buildings used in case studies are marked with modern house numbers (YCA; rectified in GIS by Gareth Dean for University of York project) ......................... 280 Figure 15: Detail of 1852 Ordnance Survey map of York showing Castlegate and surrounding streets, including the Water Lanes (YCA; rectified in GIS by Gareth Dean for University of York project) .............................................................. 280 Figure 16: View of Castlegate, at western end facing east .............................................. 281 Figure 17: View of Castlegate, in central section facing east ......................................... 281 Figure 18: Façade of Nos 1 and 3 Castlegate ........................................................................ 282 Figure 19: Schematic plan of first floor of Nos 1 and 3 Castlegate (based on RCHME case file, NMR Nos 1, 3 Castlegate) ................................................................................. 282 Figure 20: Façade of Nos 1 and 3, showing cornice .......................................................... 283 Figure 21: Schematic map of the western end of Castlegate, produced by Dr White c.1782 (YCA) ........................................................................................................................... 283 Figure 22: Schematic map of the western end of Castlegate, produced by Dr White c.1782 (YCA) ........................................................................................................................... 284 Figure 23: Façade of No 7 ............................................................................................................ 284 Figure 24: Schematic plan of first floor of No 7 Castlegate ............................................ 285 Figure 25: Illustration of a chemist’s shop in Cambridge in 1810 (Morrison 2003, 71) ............................................................................................................................................... 285 Figure 26: Façade of Nos 9 and 11 ........................................................................................... 286 Figure 27: Northern façade of No 11, showing extension .............................................. 286 Figure 28: Schematic plan of first floor of Nos 9 and 11 Castlegate (based on RCHME case file, NMR Nos 9, 11 Castlegate) ............................................................. 287 Figure 29: Masonry blocks in the cellars under No 11 .................................................... 287 Figure 30: Detail of façade of No 9 ........................................................................................... 288 Figure 31: Central front room on first floor of No 9 .......................................................... 288 Figure 32: Staircase at back of No 11 ...................................................................................... 289 Figure 33: Cornice in first-floor east room of rear extension ....................................... 289 v Figure 34: Cornice in first-floor west room of rear extension ...................................... 290 Figure 35: Cornice in ground floor west room of rear extension ................................ 290 Figure 36: View of First Water Lane by Francis Bedford, 1853 (YORAG R8) ......... 291 Figure 37: Nineteenth-century view of Middle Water Lane by H Waterworth (YORAG R383) ........................................................................................................................ 291 Figure 38: Nineteenth-century view of Far Water Lane by H Waterworth (YORAG R141) ......................................................................................................................................... 292 Figure 39: View of Castlegate from Far Water Lane, George Nicholson, 1837 (YORAG R699) ........................................................................................................................ 292 Figure 40: Photograph taken in 1903 of Nessgate as it joins with King Street (formerly First Water Lane). It shows the timber-framed Star and Garter Inn. ...................................................................................................................................................... 293 Figure 41: Façade of No 16 ......................................................................................................... 293 Figure 42: Schematic plan of ground floor of No 29 (based on RCHME case file, NMR No 29 Castlegate) ....................................................................................................... 294 Figure 43: Façade of No 16 showing cornice ....................................................................... 294 Figure 44: Ground-floor front room of No 16, showing cornice .................................. 295 Figure 45: First-floor front room of No 16 ........................................................................... 295 Figure 46: First-floor back room of No 16 ............................................................................ 296 Figure 47: Ground-floor hall of No 16 .................................................................................... 296 Figure 48: Façade of No 29 ......................................................................................................... 297 Figure 49: Side entrance and west façade of No 29 .......................................................... 297 Figure 50: Schematic plan of first floor of No 29 Castlegate (based on RCHME case file, NMR No 29 Castlegate) ............................................................................................... 298 Figure 51: Entrance hall of No 29 ............................................................................................. 298 Figure 52: Detail of front (eastern) half of entrance hall, showing cornice ............. 299 Figure 53: Detail of back (western) half of entrance hall showing cornice and columns. .................................................................................................................................... 299 Figure 54: Ground-floor of No 29, south-east room.......................................................... 300 Figure 55: Ground-floor
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stop 1. Soldiers on Every Street Corner: the War Is Announced in York
    Stop 1. Soldiers on every street corner: the war is announced in York Stand in front of the Yorkshire Museum, on the steps looking out into the Gardens. During the First World War, newspapers were the main source of information for the public, explaining what was happening at home and abroad as well as forming the basis for pro-war propaganda. In York, the building that currently operates as the City Screen Picturehouse, later on you will see it between stops 4 and 5, was once the headquarters of the Yorkshire Herald Newspaper. In 1914 there were around 100,000 people living in York, half of the city’s current population, and York considered itself the capital of Yorkshire and the whole of the North of England. The Local newspapers did not wholly prepare the city’s inhabitants for Britain entering the war, as the Yorkshire Evening Press stated soon after war had been announced that ‘the normal man cared more about the activities of the household cat than about events abroad’. At the beginning of the 20th century the major European countries were incredibly powerful and had amassed great wealth, but competition for colonies and trade had created a European continent rife with tensions between the great powers. June 28th 1914 saw the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire Arch-Duke Ferdinand and his wife Sophia while on a diplomatic trip to Sarajevo by a Yugoslav Nationalist who was fighting for his country’s independence. This triggered the chain reaction which culminated in war between the European powers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Walls but on the Rampart Underneath and the Ditch Surrounding Them
    A walk through 1,900 years of history The Bar Walls of York are the finest and most complete of any town in England. There are five main “bars” (big gateways), one postern (a small gateway) one Victorian gateway, and 45 towers. At two miles (3.4 kilometres), they are also the longest town walls in the country. Allow two hours to walk around the entire circuit. In medieval times the defence of the city relied not just on the walls but on the rampart underneath and the ditch surrounding them. The ditch, which has been filled in almost everywhere, was once 60 feet (18.3m) wide and 10 feet (3m) deep! The Walls are generally 13 feet (4m) high and 6 feet (1.8m) wide. The rampart on which they stand is up to 30 feet high (9m) and 100 feet (30m) wide and conceals the earlier defences built by Romans, Vikings and Normans. The Roman defences The Normans In AD71 the Roman 9th Legion arrived at the strategic spot where It took William The Conqueror two years to move north after his the rivers Ouse and Foss met. They quickly set about building a victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. In 1068 anti-Norman sound set of defences, as the local tribe –the Brigantes – were not sentiment in the north was gathering steam around York. very friendly. However, when William marched north to quell the potential for rebellion his advance caused such alarm that he entered the city The first defences were simple: a ditch, an embankment made of unopposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Hotel Information
    LOCAL HOTEL INFORMATION INCLUDING EXCLUSIVE OFFERS FOR BALL ATTENDEES For guests requiring accommodation on the night, information on a range of local hotels is given here. A number of hotels have very kindly agreed to offer exclusive discounted rates to Horn & Hound Ball attendees; please see the details of the various offers below. HOTEL ADDRESS BOOKING Holiday Inn Tadcaster Road, York, YO24 1QF 03333 209 357 (www.holidayinn.com/hotels/gb/en (1.4 miles from venue) [email protected] /york/) OFFER: Preferential rates available for Ball attendees if booked before 7th March. Please contact the Central Reservations Team on 03333 209 357 and then select option 1, then option 1 again. Quote the group booking code: HH8. Hotel Indigo 88-96 Walmgate, York, YO1 9TL 01904 231333 (www.hotelindigo.com/hotels/gb/en/york) (1.9 miles from venue) OFFER: Copy the link below and it will direct you straight to booking with an exclusive preferential rate for Ball attendees already applied: https://www.hotelindigo.com/redirect?path=hd&brandCode=IN&localeCode=en&hotelCode=YORYK&rateCode=AL4KU&_PMID=99585603&cn=no&viewfullsite=true Hotel Du Vin 89 The Mount, York, YO24 1AX (1.1 miles from venue) 01904 405260 (www.hotelduvin.com/locations/york/) OFFER: 10% discount off the best available rates for Ball attendees. Please quote ‘1804HU – Horn & Hound Ball’ when booking. The Mount Royale Hotel & Spa York, YO24 1GU 01904 628856 (0.9 miles from venue) (www.mountroyale.co.uk) [email protected] Ibis -The Mount 77 The Mount, York, YO24 1BN 01904 658301
    [Show full text]
  • ANNEX 3 Ref Respondent Comments Response 001 Karl Smith York
    ANNEX 3 Ref Respondent Comments Response 001 Karl Smith CAMRA policy to campaign for the preservation of Officer clarified York CAMRA pubs as working institutions to provide an important the law regarding 11 Hillcrest community service (and hopefully stock real ale). transfers and Avenue Clearly the dynamic state of the industry at the surrender of Nether Poppleton moment often means pubs are closing frequently. premise licences. York Many of these fortunately open after a period of time YO26 6LD with new ownership. I assume that when this happens the existing licence can be transferred? Whilst recognizing the role of the CIZ public order interests, we would not want this to adversely impact on the possibility of closed pubs within reopening and operating the licence on a similar basis to the previous licensee. Please confirm? 002 Mr C Fall I have had a licence for over 20 years and currently on Rumours a personal licence. 94 Micklegate York On a pragmatic view I would like yourself and the YO1 6JX committee to consider the following: - The customer base in York is primarily young people aged between 18-25 who frequent the fashionable premises, this changes over the months and years from venue to venue and from area to area, Friday and Saturday night has a broader base of person from local older people to tourists and students. It has become apparent over the last year that the trend for the younger person and students is to frequent premises that promote the cheap deals (I refrain form mentioning any particular premise but I am sure you are aware of those that promote such deals).
    [Show full text]
  • Elverbredde Mill Lane Acaster Malbis York YO23 2UL
    Elverbredde Mill Lane Acaster Malbis York YO23 2UL Guide Price: £750,000 A unique detached home on a large plot of nearly 2/3 acrewith extensive river frontage and large pontoon (including mooring rights) in the sought after village of Acaster Malbis. DESCRIPTION This property is located on what can arguably be one of the best river fronted plots in the area. Measuring 0.618 of an acre and sloping down to the river, the property is perfect for boat enthusiasts having the benefit of a large pontoon accessed via step s from the garden. Due to the size of the plot, there is enormous potential to enhance and extend to a property of considerable proportions in a highly sought after location subject to the usual planning requirements. The existing property was constructed to an individual design for the current vendor in the 1980s and now offers purchasers a blank canvas for new owners to put their own stamp on a home. The accommodation briefly comprises entrance vestibule, reception hall with cloaks cupboard, huge open plan reception room with brick archway leading to the fitted dining kitchen with windows to three sides, conservatory to the rear overlooking the expansive garden with delightful views of the river, inner hall with cloakroom/w.c, master bedroom with built in storage and windows to two sides, two further bedrooms and house bathroom. OUTSIDE The grounds are secluded and extensive. To the front double gates open to the driveway which houses a central wooded area and leads to the detached double garage with electric up and over door.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Quality – Annual Status Report
    24 September 2020 Decision Session – Executive Member for Environment and Climate Change Report of the Corporate Director, Economy and Place Air Quality – Annual Status Report Executive Summary 1. The report details the latest air quality monitoring results for the city and progress on delivering the measures in York’s third Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP3) to deliver further improvements. 2. Recent air quality monitoring can be summarised as follows: There has been a general downward trend in Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) concentrations monitored across the city since 2012, although year on year improvements in NO2 have been much less pronounced over the last 2-3 years and in some areas appear to have plateaued. This clearly demonstrates the need to continue to deliver the air quality improvement measures in AQAP3. The health based annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO2) objective is still being breached at some locations in the city, including Gillygate, Holgate / Blossom Street and Rougier Street / George Hudson Street. Elevated levels of NO2, below the objective, were monitored along Nunnery Lane, Lawrence Street, Fishergate and Coppergate. NO2 concentrations in the former Salisbury Terrace and Fulford Road AQMAs are still well within health based limits. National air quality objectives for PM10 and PM2.5 are currently easily met in York. There does not appear to be any clear trend in PM10 concentrations based on monitoring over the last 8 years. The general downward trend in PM10 concentrations observed at roadside monitoring sites up to 2017 has not continued through 2018 and 2019. Concentrations of PM2.5 have generally decreased at roadside locations in recent years, although PM2.5 monitored at York’s background monitoring station have been more variable.
    [Show full text]
  • Micklegate Soap Box Run Sunday Evening 26Th August and All Day Bank Holiday Monday 27Th August 2018 Diversions to Bus Services
    Micklegate Soap Box Run Sunday evening 26th August and all day Bank Holiday Monday 27th August 2018 Diversions to bus services Bank Holiday Monday 27th August is the third annual Micklegate Run soap box event, in the heart of York city centre. Micklegate, Bridge Street, Ouse Bridge and Low Ousegate will all be closed for the event, with no access through these roads or Rougier Street or Skeldergate. Our buses will divert: -on the evening of Sunday 26th August during set up for the event. -all day on Bank Holiday Monday 27th August while the event takes place. Diversions will be as follows. Delays are likely on all services (including those running normal route) due to increased traffic around the closed roads. Roads will close at 18:10 on Sunday 26th, any bus which will not make it through the closure in time will divert, this includes buses which will need to start the diversion prior to 18:10. Route 1 Wigginton – Chapelfields – will be able to follow its normal route throughout. Route 2 Rawcliffe Bar Park & Ride – will be able to follow its normal route throughout. Route 3 Askham Bar Park & Ride – Sunday 26th August: will follow its normal route up to and including the 18:05 departure from Tower Street back to Askham Bar Park & Ride. The additional Summer late night Shakespeare Theatre buses will then divert as follows: From Askham Bar Park & Ride, normal route to Blossom Street, then right onto Nunnery Lane (not serving the Rail Station into town), left Bishopgate Street, over Skeldergate Bridge to Tower Street as normal.
    [Show full text]
  • Environment and Activity in the Coppergate Area of York in the Post-Conquest Period: Draft Post-Excavation Project Design
    Reports from the Environmental Archaeology Unit, York 97/2, 22 pp. Environment and activity in the Coppergate area of York in the post-Conquest period: draft post-excavation project design by Keith Dobney, Allan Hall and Harry Kenward Summary Following assessments of the bio- and geoarchaeological potential of samples of deposits of post- Conquest date from a number of sites in the Coppergate-Piccadilly-Pavement area of York, a post- excavation project design is presented. It is proposed that, in addition to reconstruction of the implications of the data at the context and feature level, there should be emphasis on analysis of change through time (especially in the period following the Norman Conquest), of use of space, and of relationships between functional areas in this crucial area of the city. Keywords: 16-22 COPPERGATE; YORK; PROJECT DESIGN; NORMAN CONQUEST; MEDIEVAL; POST- MEDIEVAL; OCCUPATION DEPOSITS; SEDIMENTS; PLANT REMAINS; PARASITIC WORMS; INSECT REMAINS; MOLLUSCS; TIME TRENDS Authors’ address: Prepared for: Environmental Archaeology Unit English Heritage University of York 23 Savile Row Heslington London W1X 1AB York YO1 5DD Telephone: (01904) 433843-51 Fax: (01904) 433850 24 March 1997 Reports from the EAU, York 97/2 Post-excavation project design: Coppergate post-Conquest environment: DRAFT Environment and activity in the Coppergate area of York in the post-Conquest period: draft post-excavation project design 1 Background least a modest programme of work on samples from the ABC Cinema site, which is 1.1 Introduction effectively part of the same area of occupation, and from some adjacent minor sites. Addyman and Hall (1991) have emphasised the importance of the area of central York Work on three of the sites considered here was between the rivers Foss and Ouse in early undertaken before the introduction of the medieval period, building on a seminal study Management of Archaeological Projects by Radley (1971).
    [Show full text]
  • York-Cat-Trail-Leaflet.Pdf
    THE YORK CAT STORY Cats have played a part in York’s history and luck has been linked with them since records began. Cats always land on their feet and having nine lives is a piece of luck that we can all relate to. FREE York Glass is the home of York Lucky Cats where we celebrate the York Cat story. Statues of cats have been placed on buildings in York for around two Centuries, although statues since removed or rotted are thought to date from medieval times. The original cat statues were placed on buildings to York Glass is found in a beautiful frighten away rats and mice which can carry plague listed building in the middle of and illness. They were also thought to ward off Shambles which is at the heart of ‘Olde’ York. The traditional shop window displays a vivid, wandering evil spirits and generally to bestow good PRESENTS luck and good health on citizens who needed feline colourful and changing mixture of products. We sell gifts, friends to ensure a good nights sleep in old and predominantly in Glass for all occasions. Handmade glass jewellery with Murano beads, friendship globes, spun glass, temptingly chewy timber framed buildings! fused glass, crystal glass, glass Christmas trees, glass York Lucky Cats are small hand-made flowers, glass hearts, glass nail files! Glass is our thing. glass cats which are available in twelve We are a small group and are passionate about offering THE jewel-like colours that match the gem the best products at competitive prices and we pack it with care too! stones considered lucky for each www.
    [Show full text]
  • Castlegate, York: Audience Research Pilot
    CASTLEGATE, YORK: AUDIENCE RESEARCH PILOT PROJECT GEORGIOS ALEXOPOULOS INSTITUTE FOR THE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE PAST, UNIVERSITY OF YORK APRIL 2010 1 Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................3 List of figures.................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................5 1.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................5 1.2 Methodology........................................................................................................5 1.3 Potential for fulfilling long term objectives.........................................................6 2. Audience survey demographics.................................................................................6 2.1 Gender..................................................................................................................6 2.2 Age distribution ...................................................................................................7 2.3 Origin of respondents ..........................................................................................8 2.4 Educational background ......................................................................................8 2.5 Occupations .........................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Henry Isaac Rowntree: His Life and Legacy (Reprinted from York Historian Vol
    1 Henry Isaac Rowntree: his life and legacy (reprinted from York Historian vol. 28) Elizabeth Jackson Summary: Although Joseph Rowntree is the name which springs to mind when thinking of York’s great chocolate and confectionery business, the family only got into this field through the initiative of his brother Henry Isaac, whose life and career are explored here. He emerges as a likeable and impulsive character, fully sharing the progressive social and political views of his father and siblings, putting his beliefs into effect through the Adult Schools and York Temperance Society, and even founding a newspaper, the Yorkshire Express, to advance the Radical Liberal cause. Yet he lacked the business brain and methodical approach of brother Joseph, who was ultimately drawn into the cocoa business to get him out of trouble. Figure 1. Henry Isaac Rowntree (courtesy of Bootham School Archives) Introduction. One afternoon in the early eighteen-sixties William S. Rowntree, then a pupil at Bootham school, encountered his ‘cousin’ Henry in a York street, and was taken by him to see a new cocoa grinding machine installed in a small room in his works near the corner of Coppergate and Castlegate. Henry explained his visionary aim - to manufacture something that would come to be essential in every home.1 William liked Henry – his kindness, humour and racy stories made him a hero in the boy’s eyes. And he enjoyed visiting at the house on the corner of Bootham and St Mary’s where Henry lived with his widowed mother Sarah, his older brothers John and Joseph having already married and set up home.
    [Show full text]
  • Excavations at Rougier Street, York, 1981
    Excavations at Rougier Street, York, 1981 It is not often that there is a chance to excavate inside the Roman colonia, the civilian town. One arose, however, in spring 1981 with the proposed redevelopment of a small site between the Richard III pub and the Leedham's garage on Rougier Street, and by agreement with the architects and developers, Towngate Securities, it was decided to excavate a trench 2.50m wide and 12m long. The archaeological aims of the excavation were threefold: to try to locate a Roman colonia riverside wall; to trace the development of the river frontage; and to look for evidence of the medieval tanning industry. It has been suggested by analogy with Roman London and other towns in the Empire that the Roman colonia had a wall running parallel and adjacent to the River Ouse, but no evidence for one has as yet come to light in York. Whether this wall is found or not, however, it remains the case that very little excavation to modern standards has taken place in the colonia, and any glimpse of Roman deposits would be useful both from the point of view of learning more about its topography and recovering samples for research into its environment. The development of the river front has been glimpsed already in Trust excavation at Skeldergate and Coney Street (INTERIM vol 1 no 1 pp20-21; vol 2 no 3 pp7-11, vol 2 no 2 pp21-6) but there is still much to learn. The medieval tanning industry is, in contrast to the colonia wall, well documented.
    [Show full text]