History 2311 Introduction to Western Civilization to 1715 Slide Set 3-2

Central Texas College Fort Knox, Kentucky Bruce A. McKain The

• Origins – Muslim incursions – The Great Schism • The First – Pope Urban II – Peter the – – Baldwin Count Raymond of Toulouse 1st Crusade

Urban II Peter the Hermit

The Crusades

• Origins – Muslim incursions – The Great Schism • The – Pope Urban II – Peter the Hermit – Godfrey of Bouillon – Baldwin Count Raymond of Toulouse

Crusades cont.

– Count Stephen of Blois and Bohemond – Consequences • fell 15 July 1099 ( 5 week siege) • Four established – – Principality of – County of Tripoli –

Crusades cont.

• – Fall of Edessa – German Emperor Conrad II – Failed to achieve goals • – Muslim capture of Jerusalem 1187 – Pope Innocent III calls for Crusade Innocent III Crusades cont.

– Who Answers the Call? • Philip Augustus of • Richard I “Lionheart” of England • Frederick Barbarossa of Germany • Michael of Russia • Leopold of Austria • many other Christian kings Third Crusade

Philip of France Richard the Lion Heart

Crusades cont.

• Resulted in a negotiated peace - Christian pilgrims having the right to visit Jerusalem, as long as they came in peace and unarmed. Jerusalem remained under the control of the . Crusades cont.

• • Later Crusades – Pope Innocent III calls for – Fifth, 1228-29 Frederick Crusade in 1202 II negotiates for – Travel difficulties Jerusalem – attacked – Sixth, 1246-54 Louis IX and falls 1204 unsuccessful in capturing – Latin Kingdom of Egypt Constantinople – Seventh, 1270 Louis IX established and remains dies outside Tunis for 57 years – 1291 Acre falls to Muslims Consequences of the Crusades

• Except for 1st, largely failures due to failure to achieve stated goals. • Europeans visit - trade and economic growth stimulated. • Renewed interest in ancient world • Thousands of Muslims and Jews are killed • Relations between Europe and Byzantine Empire collapsed