The Crusades

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History 2311 Introduction to Western Civilization to 1715 Slide Set 3-2 Central Texas College Fort Knox, Kentucky Bruce A. McKain The Crusades • Origins – Muslim incursions – The Great Schism • The First Crusade – Pope Urban II – Peter the Hermit – Godfrey of Bouillon – Baldwin Count Raymond of Toulouse 1st Crusade Urban II Peter the Hermit The Crusades • Origins – Muslim incursions – The Great Schism • The First Crusade – Pope Urban II – Peter the Hermit – Godfrey of Bouillon – Baldwin Count Raymond of Toulouse Crusades cont. – Count Stephen of Blois and Bohemond – Consequences • Jerusalem fell 15 July 1099 ( 5 week siege) • Four Crusader States established – County of Edessa – Principality of Antioch – County of Tripoli – Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem Crusades cont. • Second Crusade – Fall of Edessa – German Emperor Conrad II – Failed to achieve goals • Third Crusade – Muslim capture of Jerusalem 1187 – Pope Innocent III calls for Crusade Innocent III Crusades cont. – Who Answers the Call? • Philip Augustus of France • Richard I “Lionheart” of England • Frederick Barbarossa of Germany • Michael of Russia • Leopold of Austria • many other Christian kings Third Crusade Philip of France Richard the Lion Heart Crusades cont. • Resulted in a negotiated peace - Christian pilgrims having the right to visit Jerusalem, as long as they came in peace and unarmed. Jerusalem remained under the control of the Muslims. Crusades cont. • Fourth Crusade • Later Crusades – Pope Innocent III calls for – Fifth, 1228-29 Frederick Crusade in 1202 II negotiates for – Travel difficulties Jerusalem – Constantinople attacked – Sixth, 1246-54 Louis IX and falls 1204 unsuccessful in capturing – Latin Kingdom of Egypt Constantinople – Seventh, 1270 Louis IX established and remains dies outside Tunis for 57 years – 1291 Acre falls to Muslims Consequences of the Crusades • Except for 1st, largely failures due to failure to achieve stated goals. • Europeans visit Near East - trade and economic growth stimulated. • Renewed interest in ancient world • Thousands of Muslims and Jews are killed • Relations between Europe and Byzantine Empire collapsed .

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THE CRUSADES Toward the End of the 11Th Century
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