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IMREIMRE KERTÉSZKERTÉSZ LITERATURELITERATURE NOBELNOBEL PRIZEPRIZE 20022002 LITERATURELITERATURE Kertész works,inparticular Like everydiary, KERTÉSZ János Kôbányai one? ple canKertész’sliteraryand humanachievementsrepresentforevery- and startingpointofthis book? Whatcontent,discoveryandexam- behind thisunparalleled guage andtheterminology” saysImreKertész.Whatisthemessage not talentthatturnsoneinto awriter,butrefusaltoacceptthelan- sent aswelltheinsistenceonaccuracy(andtruth)? “Perhapsitis detachment inanaestheticsensefromthecircumstances ofthepre- ons andinstitutionsofHungarianintellectuallife, theinexorable haviour ofthe–actuallyemigréwriter,sodistant fromthetraditi- ic and“professional-existential”lessonsmaybedrawn fromthebe- digs deeperandattemptstoanswer(orratherquestion) whataesthet- János Kôbányai,freedfromtheshacklesofanacademic approach, díja. Háttérésrecepció.[Job’sPrize.Backgroundand Reception.]) work aswellperspectivesonthedelayedHungarian reception. analysed thehistoricalandintellectualbackground to ImreKertész’s style” andmannerhasalreadyexaminedKertész.Inthatbookhe Kertész. Theauthor,inapreviousbookwrittenan“academic (and below)all,itfocusesontheworksandpersonalityofImre several levelsandinspaces,time,fragments,above - DIARY Kertész-Diary (Kertésznapló) Jób Phenomenon, Galley Diary, rereading andreinterpreting which providestheform is ajourneyaswell.At Now (Jób LITERATURE LITERATURE

János Kôbányai

JOB’S PRIZE Background and Reception THE DEPTHS OF THE MAN Job’s Prize began as an epilogue to The Depths of the Man – an antholo- Writings on Imre Kertész in the quarterly gy of the writings of Imre Kertész published in the magazine Múlt és Jövô. It is both a separate work and a supplement, the two works, Múlt és Jövô (Past and Future) separate, but together as one, aim at some kind of stereo effect. The editor of the magazine and compiler of the anthology János (an Anthology) Kôbányai sought out the general narrative behind the life-work of the Nobel Prize-winner, what material constitutes the history from which Imre Kertész raised and unfurled his own “Fatelessness”. Four con- IMRE KERTÉSZ LITERATURE NOBEL PRIZE 2002 IMRE KERTÉSZ LITERATURE NOBEL PRIZE 2002 The Nobel Prize awarded to Imre Kertész is a most deserved recog- secutive eras of Hungarian Jewish history form the meta-narrative of nition, indeed a landmark event in the annals of Hungarian literature this extraordinary achievement and its reception: the rapid but poorly and intellectual culture. Europe has finally realised at a distance of founded Jewish assimilation of the Reform era and the reserved man- two generations from the epicentre of Auschwitz just what modern ner of acceptance; then the collapse of this process about a century history has been capable of producing. Finally, too, Hungarian cul- later, or the Hungarian Holocaust so peculiar; followed by a period ture has undertaken the task of mourning, confronting the terrible of enforced amnesia, that denied Jews any integrated form of identi- experience on the plane of culture. We have collected together in this ty; finally, contemporary times after the political change, which in anthology the writings of Imre Kertész published in the periodical the field of everyday politics tried to rewrite the Hungarian narrative, Múlt és Jövô over a period of twelve years. Let us confront the work as or in Kôbányai’s words: “to remove the actors from the stage”. This a serious undertaking, to read attentively – once again or for the first is the background to the birth of the work of Kertész and the failure time – each carefully crafted line of Imre Kertész. Let us neither glory to accept it in Hungary, but also to the generous reception of the lightheadedly in the Prize, nor as Népszabadság recommended in a novel all over the world, unprecedented in the annals of Hungarian frustrated review, “attempt to get over it quickly without more se- literature since Janus Pannonius. In the second part, the author rious ado.” Rather let us struggle with Kertész, even if there is no analyses the startled reception in Hungary of Kertész’s Noble Prize guarantee that in the end all will “turn out well”. and the intellectual discourse as it evolved in its wake. ANTHOLOGIES Kardos. mor, ÁkosMolnár,ImreKeszi). TheanthologyendswithGyörgyG. the 1930s(EndreGellériAndor, KárolyPap,BélaZsolt,AndrásKo- Miksa SzabolcsandLajos Szabolcs),andaselectionofworksfrom ‘Jewish religiousliterature’ (JózsefPatai,IllésKaczér,PéterÚjvári, meiri Avigdor).Otherworks includethemostvaluablepiecesof (Tamás Kóbor,Menyhért Lengyel,LajosBíró,FerencMolnár,Ha- the es fromtheReformAge,butbulkofwritingscome fromaround garian-Jewish literaturetotheHolocaust.Weincluded afewspeech- prose worksbyHungarian-Jewishwritersfromthe birthofHun- rary Hungarian-Jewishliterature,thisAnthology contains selected Similarly to (Edited byJánosKôbányai) selected Jewishproseworksofthelast100years An AnthologyofShortStories: ALL ISVANITY fin desiècle Aggadas ofBudapest , whenmodernHungarianliteraturewasemerging. , whichisacollectionofcontempo-

ANTHOLOGIES should dealonlywiththerealityoflifeafter1945. life. Onecriterionoftheselection,therefore,wasthatstories logy whichpresentstheproblemsandatmosphereofpost-Holocaust various perspectivesonthesameworld.Wehavecompiledanantho- Readers likereadingshortstories,especiallyanthologieswhichoffer (Edited byJánosKôbányai) Literature aftertheHolocaust AGGADAS OFBUDAPEST of historywhich needstimetodevelop aperspective. more subtleandaccurate account ofcurrentrealitythanthescience chance tocontinueitshistory initshomeland.Literaturecangivea Europe, oursistheonly Jewishcommunityintheregionwitha tory hasgrownworldwide because,afterthechangesinEast-Central last half-century.Inourexperience, interestinHungarian-Jewishhis- faceted pictureofthepsychological mapofHungarianJewsinthe an anthologyfromwhichreadersabroadwould receive amany- to findthemesfromtheirownenvironment.Ouraim wastocompile but whicharerootedinHungarian-Jewishexperience. therefore, includedshortstorieswhichwerenotwritten inHungarian not onlydefinedbylanguagebutotheridentities aswell.We, los, JánosKôbányai).Inourview,belongingtoacertain literatureis Goldstein, AdamBiro,GiorgioandNicolaPressburger, GyörgyDa- we canofferawiderpanorama(GyörgyKonrád,Miklós Vámos,Imre We have,however,alsoincludedwritingspublished elsewheresothat Odze, GyörgyKozma,JuditFenákel,PálBárdos,SándorBacskai). Quarterly Most oftheshortstorieshadbeenpublishedin Through thisanthologywewouldliketoencourage Jewishwriters over thelasttenyears(JánosPelle,JánosGosztonyi,György Múlt ésJövô ANTHOLOGIES essays written between1948and2000. identity andassimilation. dissimilant Zionistsand those whotriedtofindthewaybetween bis inthisbookaswell.We presentallthetrends,assimilants, the Holocaust)rightafter the tragedy. the wholeHungarian-Jewishintellectualcommunity wasdestroyedin vivors (fiftyrabbis,ahundredwriters,poetsandscientists –almost book endsinararemoment,thereactionsandexplanations ofsur- rian-Jewish spiritwerebornintheshadowof Holocaust.The and troubles.Themosthonestworksofself-analysis oftheHunga- century. AftertheFirstWorldWarauthorsspeak onlyofworries then thereaderfaceshopesofcalmerdays of theturn Jewish peoplewasdividedaswell)doubtsofthepre-assimilation era, of IgnácEinhorn,isstillabouttheexternalandinternal (sincethe becoming Hungariansandcitizensoftheworld.The firstessay,that historical situationsofthelasthundredyearsonchances It presentsthethoughtsofHungarian-Jewishthinkersinvarious standing achievementandthegreatestfailureofHungarianJews. The mainemphasisofthebookisonassimilation,mostout- (Edited byJánosKôbányai) Essays THE JEWISHPEOPLE THE WAYOF The nextpartofthisbook, Beside theessaysofwriters therearestudiesbyscientistsandrab- Assimilation orIntegration? will contain

ANTHOLOGIES threshold ofthesecondmillennium. problems, relationswithIsraelandtheDiaspora itsfutureatthe and others.Thisbookshedslightontheself-image ofJews,their Shmuel Trigano,DanielKatz,GabrielleSed-Rajna, FrançoisFejtô ser, SimonPeres,SteveReich,AndreHajdu,AlainFinkielkraut, Jewish spirituality,ElieWiesel,A.B.Jehosua,AmosOz,DavidFlus- stantial essay-styleinterviewswithleadingrepresentativesoftoday’s Múlt ésJövô (Interviews byJánosKôbányai) THE JEWISHSPIRITTODAY , initstenyearsofrenewedexistencehasrunseveralsub- ART spondence andpoems,his Múlt ésJövô’ (Edited byMáriaEgri) POEMS OFIMREÁMOS DIARY, CORRESPONDENCE, Institute oftheHungarianAcademyScience. ing andsketches.Itwillbeajointpublicationwith theArtResearch 1934 toAugust1944,andmanyofhispreviouslyundiscovered draw- s plansin2003includepublishingthepainter’scorre- Diary (Napló) covering theperiodfrom

ART uting partners. Thebookreceivedthe ‘Fine Booksof2000’award. Múlt ésJövô of theartist. mation andseveralphotos anddrawingsdocumentingthebrieflife THE APOCALYPSE HAGGADAH OF the a boxededitionalongwith anintroductoryessayby spiral-bound sketchbookasperfectlypossible.We areofferingitin the attentionofwiderpublic.Wehavereproduced the101page work ofÁmosagreatanduniqueartdocumentwhich fullydeserves enrich theexperienceandpartlytofollowtradition. Weconsider reflected anddocumentedinthereproduction. cies throughwhichtheuniquenessofworkand itsfatearealso the closestfacsimile,includingstains,marginalia andtransparen- Haggadah publishing.Insucheditionsthepagesare reproducedin and stainsevokesanothertraditioninthepublishing world,thatof bound notebookwithitsfadedcheckedcover,jottednotes,marks experience thanpreviousreproductionsofthepages.Thespiral- its originalstate,providesanincomparablydeeperandmoremoving of drawings.Byaccidentwecameacrosstheoriginalcopywhichin book ofImreÁmoswhichexpressesthesameexperienceinform time ofexhumationfromamassgrave.Theotheristhelastsketch- contains thestunningpoemsfoundonbodyofpoetat Holocaust. Oneisthe history whichdelvewithutmostprofundityintotheinfernoof There aretwoinvaluableoriginaldocumentsinHungariancultural of thePainterImreÁmos The HolocaustSketchbook The essayhasbeentranslated intoEnglish,French,andGerman. Our editionfollowsthisparticularpublishingpractice, partlyto Haggadah oftheApocalypse is awaitingoffersfrompotential publishinganddistrib- Notebook fromBor , providinghistoricalbackground infor- of MiklósRadnóti,which János Kôbányai, ART one. Ámos’ farewellmessageto the20thcenturywas,andstillis,atimely study. Manyofthemcould figureaspartoftheApocalypseseries. drawings, mostofthempublished forthefirsttime,accompany tation ofJesusinmodern Jewishart(andlaterinliterature).Several and onwhatrootstheJews relyintheirinterpretationandrepresen- upon Judaism,turntoChristian sourcesandsymbolsinhislastwork, to thequestionswhydidartist,drawingthroughout hisoeuvre published thelastbookof Revelations ofSaintJohn.MúltésJövô tration camp,hehadcompletedworkonhisillustrations for in April1944,eventuallytoperishanunknown Germanconcen- Ámos. Beforesettingoffforhisfinalcall-upforced-labour service Múlt ésJövô Drawings byImreÁmos THE REVELATIONSOFSAINTJOHN The accompanyingstudy(writtenbyJánosKôbányai) seeksanswer closed themillenniumwithanothermajorwork by New Testament realized Ámos’conceptionand with hisdrawings. The

ART János Kôbányai fate andapocalypse perceptible. Christian icon/narrativeto createanidentityforrenderingJewish in Jewishart,namelythe hardlyparadoxrelationthatenabledthis of representingtheHolocaust asapocalypse. Imre Kertészassumingits rightfulplaceatlast)hadtheopportunity garian Holocaust(thepoetry ofMiklósRadnótiandtheprose grapples withtheproblemofwhyparticularnarrative oftheHun- és Jövô their death.Itisthisnarratory-compilatorytaskKôbányai and apostles becameknowntotheworldseveralhundreds ofyearsafter to apre-history,muchinthewaythatworkand legendofthe in worldart.(Shouldthenotknowhiswork, this onlybelongs lypse –ofwhichImreÁmosisanoutstandingora uniqueexample of theHolocaustdiffersfromuniversalrepresentation ofapoca- Imre Ámos.Italsofocusesonthecentralquestionof howfartheart art bornattheendof19thcenturythroughlifeandwork garian-Jewish symbiosis.ItattemptstorevealtheproblemsofJewish rian historyandthetragicendingofquaintHun- also inthehistoryofideasandevents,foritdiscussesbothHunga- artist. Neverthelessitisastudyinnotonlystrictlyarthistory,but and traditionhemostlyidentifiedwith,hisveryself. took hisbasicmaterial,problemsandspiritfromthesubstance Károly Pap,JánosKôbányaiandthe Imre Ámos,theparexcellenceJewishartist,isoneofflags,apartfrom THE APOCALYPSE:IMREÁMOS THE IMAGE-POETOF The lastchapterofthebook considerstherepresentationsofJesus The book,likeKôbányai’sotherworkpublished this year,also The bookisascholarlymonographofthelifeandoeuvre This Jewishpainterwasbothmodernanduniversalbecausehe have undertaken.) Múlt ésJövô manages toholdup. Múlt LITERATURE each volumeintheseriesisillustratedbyanÁmos drawing. at thesametime.SincePap’soeuvreparallelsthat ofImreÁmos, thought inHungary–whichisHungarian,Jewishandcontemporary also considerPapasoneoftheintellectualforerunnersnewJewish ers. Ourseriesintendstodemonstratethistheworldatlarge.We Bernard Malamud,Jean-RichardBloch,JakobWassermann,andoth- and reachestheartisticlevelattainedbyIsaacBabel,I.B.Singer prose literature.HisworkissimultaneouslyHungarianandJewish, Károly Papisoneofthegreatestfiguresin20th-centuryHungarian KÁROLY PAP–COLLECTEDWORKS

LITERATURE houses havealreadybought theforeignrightsofnovel. lowing thissuccess,Dutch, French,HebrewandSpanishpublishing New YorkTimes,TheWashington Post,TimesLiterarySupplement). views intheUnitedStates inrenownedjournalsandnewspapers South Royalton,Vermont, 2002.Thebookreceivedfavorablere- lish translationofhisnovel special attentiontotheparallelswithFranzKafka. mann. ItidentifiesPap’splaceintheworldofJewish literaturewith 7 6. 4–5. 3. 2. 1. SERIES THE IN VOLUMES THE . Articles Recently, KárolyPapacquiredrealworldwidefame withtheEng- The seriesiscompletedbyabiographywritten TamásLicht- Dramas The EighthStation Azarel You SavedMeFromDeath Edited andintroducedbyIlonaPetrányi Edited andwithanintroductionbyTamásLichtmann Edited byJánosKôbányai,forewordTamásLichtmann All threeeditedandwithanintroductionbyTamásLichtmann Short StoriesI–II correspondence, documents) ( – Jewish WoundsandCrimes Bathsheba, Szentszínpad,Mózes ( Nyolcadik stáció ( Megszabadítottál ahaláltól Azarel : , articles, , publishedbySteerforth Press, ) ) (The Fol- LITERATURE arrived inthe Hungarian capitaltoembark onhisliterarycareer. tionary whohas brokenwithhisfather’s home evenasanadultand has in thecycle,AzarelArrives Budapest,portraysayoung,alienatedrevolu- journey toWorldWarIand beyond,tohisvagabonddays.Thelaststory Jeremiah wasfrom.Thefinal storiesofthis“novel”tracetheprotagonist’s Azarel —inthevillageatmosphere whereAzarel’smythicalhero,Papa as doesAzarelthenovel.Yet otherstoriesintroducetheten-year-oldGyuri household inaprovincialtown andthesamecharactersinthishousehold Others werewritteninthefirstpersonsingularanddepict thesame(rabbi’s) to thisrelationshipbywayoftheirtitlesandthename of theprotagonist. constitute thenovelheneverdidactuallywrite.Someof thesestoriesallude this end.Theseshortworksrepresentthepieces,“chapters” thatineffect further elaborateonthistheme;andindeedhedidpennumerous storiesto to anew novel appearinprint. line waswrittenbyPap.Andyetneverinthewriter’s lifetime didsucha his readersintothisextraordinaryworldcanonlybea novel whoseevery Hungary andholdstherights—believesthatnextwork thatwilltransport is why Azarel, thatdreamy,pitiless,stubborn,tenacious,rebellious child.Andthis wise cometolovetheheroandtitlecharacterofAzarel:Gyuri(orGyurka) deepest questionsoftheJewishfateandidentity.Andtheyhavelike- have grownfondofPap’suniquestyleandthematicconcernsrootedinthe ably stirredthecuriosityofhisreaders—readerswho,afterreadingAzarel, other novels,numerousshortstories,andfourplaysthathaveunderstand- Nabakov. isons withFranzKafka,BrunoSchultz,I.B.Singer,andtheyoungVladimir Márai, BélaZsolt,andAntalSzerb,Americancriticsalsodrewcompar- ers theworldhasbecomefamiliarwithinrecentyears,includingSándor well. ReviewerspromptlysituatedPapintheranksofthoseHungarianwrit- Frankfurter AlgemenieZeitung,ithasnettedconsiderablecriticalacclaimas Spanish editionduebeforelong.FromtheNewYorkTimesto Since thenithasappearedinGerman,Dutch,Hebrew,andFrench,witha English-language publicationintheUnitedStates2000(SteerforthPress). Károly Pap’snovel THE AZARELSTORIES Károly Pap In fact,itisachoiceandcoherentselectionofPap’sstories thatamounts In hisshortlifetimePap,whoperishedintheHolocaust,producedtwo Múlt ésJövô “Azarel novel.” Azarel — whichhaspublishedallofKárolyPap’sworksin During hislifetimetheauthorexpressedadesireto saw internationalsuccessinshortorderafterits THE AZAREL Károly Pap STORIES

LITERATURE János Kôbányai: KárolyPapandAzarel Listing oftheoriginalpublications inwhichthestoriesappeared 19. Ahasver’sStory.20.Transformation. 21.AzarelArrivesinBudapest 16. Azarel’sEveningintheVillage. 17.Song.18.Tomorrow,Then. 11. Geese.12.Stairs.13.TheLast Game.14.Memory.15.Summertime Child’s Room.6.Dance.7.Children. 8.Blood.9.TheMoon.10.Solitude. 1. Mercy.2.OntheTrailofStory.3.Schrei.4.Games.5. Nighttimeinthe Contents: (Compiled, andwithanafterword,byJánosKôbányai) Károly Pap: and itsunparalleledrealizationintheoeuvreofKárolyPap. conflict between(Jewish)minorityidentityandauniversalist perspective, aspects ofAzarelthenovel,character,andtheme—in particular,the U.S. publication.Hefurtheraddressesthelinguistic and philosophical factors behindthesuddeninternationalsuccessthatbegan withAzarel’s od ofpost-Holocaustsilencethatdescendedonhimand hisworks,andthe literary receptionandrelationshipsduringhislifetime,thelongperi- self—with thatofthefictionalheroGyuriAzarel.KôbányaiexaminesPap’s Miksa Pollák,whowasnotonlyaleadingrabbioftheerabutwriterhim- Hungary, inthefirstyearsoftwentiethcentury;andwriter’sfather, — includingPap’shometownofSopron,thatsmallhistoriccityinwestern Azarel, inwhichKôbányaicomparesthelifeandbackgroundofwriter Károly Pap’shero,Azarel.ItcontainsanafterwordtitledPapand before him. own child.HereKárolyPapexploresdepthshardlytraversedbyanyone copy ofhisfirstactsedition,fashioningitinaformhe’dwishupon could rememberhisoriginalinstincts.Onesubconsciouslycreatesafake Even thegreatestwritersperceivechildhoodthroughaveil;notevenGoethe one subsequentlyacquiresinthecourseofschoolingandbeingraised. childhood; thisisaclaritybeyondthedistancingfilterofimpressions ing isthepiercingclaritywithwhichPapremembersexperiencesof stories canevenformthebasisofpsychoanalyticresearch,soastound- child’s heartnotyetadulteratedbythehumancultureheinhabits.These psyche, indeedeachrepresentsthemostsincereconfessionimaginableofa his mostbeautiful:Mercy,Children,andBlood.Eachconcernsthechild’s tieth centuryandagreatadmirerofPap:ThreePap’sstoriesareperhaps quote ZsigmondMóricz,ofthegreatestHungarianwritersearlytwen- reach towardevengreaterdepthsthanthenovel.Onthisnotewemight stories areattimesevenmorepitilessindepictingthechild’spsycheand penetrating psychologicaldepictionofthecharacters.Atsametime, tailed portraitsoftheera’ssocio-culturalmilieuinadditiontoalways novel, andacouple(e.g.,Azarel’sEveningintheVillage)offerrichlyde- This bookhasbeencompiledbyJánosKôbányaiasthe Almost allthestoriesareevenmoreautobiographicalthanAzarel The AzarelStories “Bildungroman” of LITERATURE One ofthemajordirectionsmagazineandpublisher ÁKOS MOLNÁR who revertsto hisfaithondeathbed. (Theplotissomewhatsimi- independent, mediaevalHungary, aJew-turnedHungarianaristocrat Fortunatus, beingthefinancial councillortothelasttwokingsof concerns. murdered him(inspiteof hishighmilitaryhonours). eration ofafullyblockadedBudapest,HungarianArrow-Cross men tion ofnovelistsaroundthemagazineNyugat.Aweek beforethelib- the acclaimofbestcriticsday,hebelongs tothegenera- Having publishedfivenovelsandthreevolumesof shortstoriesto War, andsohetransposedhismusicalsensibilities intowriting. ilar. Hestartedoutasaviolinistbutlostanarmin theFirstWorld world.) Antal Szerb,areonlybeginningtocatchtheattention ofthewider (Other membersofhisgeneration,suchasBélaZsolt, ErnôSzépand novel three yearsafterthepublicationofoeuvreKárolyPap,his purely becauseoftheHolocaust. international canonwhichtheyhadfailedtofindtheirwayintonot ed intheHolocaust,andtoplacethembothHungarian pursues istodiscovertheworksofwriterswholivedbeforeorperish- A hitehagyott(TheApostate) The twonovelsintheoeuvre seriesarecharacteristicofhisartistic Our intentionswiththenovelistÁkosMolnár(1895–1945) aresim- This activityofthepublisherhasmetwithconsiderablesuccessfor, Azarel has beentranslatedintoallthemajorworldlanguages. is ahistoricalnovel,itsprotagonist, Imre Múlt ésJövô

LITERATURE of whichthepublisheris happy toprovide. lated intoItalian Molnár. ic oftheNyugat.Thisstatementholdsforall worksofÁkos in theprocessofdeveloping,”wroteAladárSchöpflin, theseniorcrit- putting togoodusethepsychologicalawarenessscience iscurrently fications ofhumandeedsindependentformerliterary convention, writhing desireintheanguishofman. ves theplot,aswelldescriptionandanalysis ofthenature desire andthereciprocaleruptingthroughunseen currentsdri- tural barriersbetweenthecharacters.Theprotagonist isamaidwhose ality itself:unsurmountabledesirebreakingdownthesocialandcul- takes placesintheBerlinof1930s,anditssubjectmatterissexu- Real ImreFortunatus”. book includesanessaybythehistorianGyörgyHarasztientitled drawing onthevirtuesofliterarymodernismandpsychology.The one ofthesignificantpiecesmodernHungarianhistoricalfiction, lar tothatofFeuchtwanger’sJudSüssbutmuchmorecomplex.)Itis Already intheyearofitspublication, 1933, “It discoversnovel,trulymodernpsychologicalconnections, justi- Tizenkét lépés(ADozenSteps) (I dodicipassi, is aso-calledbourgeoisnovel.Theplot S. A.EditriceGenio,Milan), acopy Tizenkét lépés was trans- “The OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS

ÁGNES HELLER

ÁGNES HELLER Ágnes Heller belongs among those rare contemporary Hungarian authors who are also known internationally. Múlt és Jövô has had a long-standing working relationship with her; she regularly contri- butes articles to the Quarterly and she is also consulted about our publishing policy. The first book we published by her was The Stranger (Az idegen), a collection of articles with Jewish themes first published in the Journal, and of lectures given on the topic of mul- ticulturalism. (With this book we have also ventured beyond Jewish topics – although we have never considered “Jewish interest” to be restricted to the narrow sense but have chosen to interpret it as wide- ly as possible.) Heller’s collection of essays, Thoughts and Literature includes her new writings on the overlaps between the philosophical and literary spheres. It also contains new viewpoints for interpreting the works of Leibniz, Hannah Arendt and Hans Jonas, and manifests an interest in Jewish history and philosophy (such as a long essay on Maimo- ÁGNES HELLER nides and a brilliant analysis of Randolph L. Braham’s monograph on the Holocaust in Hungary). ÁGNES HELLER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS if notyettotheredemption oftheChristianandJewishworld. related tothefigureofJesus canatleastleadtoatruerself-knowledge thinking orthenewpaganism ofHitler.Thede-andrejudaisation Jesus aswelltheChrist moulded byPaulinereformandtheGreek the Judeo-Christiancivilisation. Inheressayappearsthehistorical at thechallengesoftoday’s globalizedworldthroughtheanalysisof starts fromthescientificresearchoflasttwenty yearsandarrives the comingofatruerworld.The100pagelongphilosophical essay this rediscovery:sheanticipatesrapproachment,reconciliation and consequences. Thephilosophertakeshopefromthe factandtruthof the forgetting,andsufferingof2000year old Jesusandits gion gaveÁgnesHellertheopportunitytothinkover thecausesof The rediscoveryoftheJewishoriginJesusand theJewishreli- RESURRECTION OFTHEJEWISHJESUS Ágnes Heller h okwspbihdi emn yPioVra in2002. The bookwas publishedinGermanyby PhiloVerlag

ÁGNES HELLER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS Agnes Heller Jews also. the factthattherewillalways bepeoplewhochoosetoJews,thatis, “war onterrorism”cannotbe won,butitcanbelost.Thebookisalsoabout Ágnes Helleronhernewbook: OF THEJEWISHQUESTION THE IRRESOLVABLENATURE September 11 still thepast;itispastof the presentanditconstantlyaccompaniesus. assimilation hasfailed.Buttheeraofparvenus, ofassimilationis world oftherepublicanempires,ZionismbyState Israel;meanwhile democracy. Classsocietyhasbeenreplacedbymasssociety, nationalismbythe tively, sincewearenowattheendofit–leastin countriesofliberal time ofclasssocieties,nationalismandZionism.Itellthis periodretrospec- “here andnow”bluntlyopenly. supplement theprevioustwoessayswithfurther thatdealwiththe the hereandnowthatregulatesheartbeat.Accordingly, itseemedbetterto any attempttomakethemlongtermwillbeinvain.Itis the “pace-maker”of term or”longdurée”perspective. a distanceoftwothousandyearsandattempttoplacecurrentissuesinlong- but theapproachisdifferent.Bothtackleso-called“Jewishquestion”from to belongerthantheoriginalpamphlet.Bothpiecesareaboutsamething, script inordertofillthegaps.Perhapspredictably,thispostscriptturnedout conceptual underpinningwasalsodeficient.ThereforeIhaveaddedapost- However, whatIhadtosaywasnotsufficientlysupportedwithtextsandthe ten for hatatlansága [TheirresolvablenatureoftheJewishquestion] like confessionorconfession-likepamphletentitled Of course,allanalysesarewrittenfromtheperspectiveof present,andthus The firsttwoessaysforthisvolumewerewrittenquiterecently The firstpiececoncernsthetimeofparvenus.Thiswas assimilation atthe The secondessaywaswritten in2002,shortlyaftertheterroristattacksof Múlt ésJövô. th . Ithaslostnoneofitsrelevance. Themainpointisthatthe I considertheissuesraisedinessaytobeimportant. A zsidókérdésmegold- . The pamphlet- was writ- ÁGNES HELLER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS Uitgeverij Boom publishedthebookin 2002. known andlovedseems tobecomeareality:theDutcheditor, ready tobetranslatedinto thoselanguagesinwhichHelleriswell The hopethatwiththisedition, this“workforfourhands”willbe German. Thebookwashighly acclaimedbyGermanpressreviews. intellectuals. nation ofthepresentdayandassumingrole of cosmopolitan and thenfromdisillusionmentwithMarxtothepost-modern resig- munism, thenontotheMarxistrenaissancebetween 1956and1968, ration traversingfromtheHolocaustthroughZionism toCom- parable narrativesofsuchdepthonthedramaticevolution ofagene- Budapest SchoolformedaroundGyörgyLukács.There arefewcom- account ofHungarianintellectuallifefeaturing,among others,the thoughtful portraitofHeller’slivelyanddramaticcareer, butalsoan tutes nearly600pages,interruptedbyquestions. It isnotonlya unique genre.InterviewedandwrittenbyJánosKôbányai, itconsti- The MonkeyonaBicycle(BiciklizôMajom) (Biciklizô Majom) THE MONKEYONABICYCLE Ágnes Heller&JánosKôbányai The MonkeyonaBicycle was publishedbyPhiloVerlag in1999 , subtitled Interview novel is a

ÁGNES HELLER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS for theintellectuallyaspiring youth. century. Thisexceptionallyimportant bookshouldberecommendedreading it providesanexcitingintroduction totheapocalypticissuesoftwenty-first new book,throughoneofthe mostastutethinkersofourtime,ÁgnesHeller, was writtenbyJánosKôbányai. DifficultasitmaybetoclassifyKôbányai’s It wouldbeÁgnesHeller’sautobiography,exceptthatthis biographicalnovel One ofthereadingpublic,byname witness ofone’sownlife.Thisiswhenthereadingpublic can celebrate. all thiscanbeinteresting.Butwhatisreallyinteresting whenonecanbea times, insignificantwitnessofgreatsignificant ofgreattimes: Insignificant witnessofinsignificanttimes,great ofinsignificant For posterity. it asanovel!Itisbet you boredwithmom’s,dad’sandgrannie’sstoriesof Bicycle withher!Historicalperspectives,insignificantandgreatcontexts!Are the bookdown. and itsgrippingcontentisdemonstratedbythefactthatitimpossibletoput the authorverywell,Ilearnedquitealot.canverifybook’sauthenticity, A richandfaithful(auto)biographyofthepastseventyyears.AlthoughI garian edition: Here aresomequotationstakenfromthejacketofsecondHun- ter thanCrocodileDundee!Oralmostasgood. ‘once uponatime’?Read György Konrád Péter Esterházy Miklós Jancsó Ferenc Fejtô know ÁGNES HELLER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS in essays –asthefirstvolumeofstudiesbyÁgnesHeller thatappeared We havebeenplanningforsometimetopublish this collectionof AUSCHWITZ ANDTHEGULAG Ágnes Heller Imre Kertész’sexperiencesandhisextraordinarylife-story. in theacceptanceofsuccess,butalso“discourse” surrounding quired thatweshouldbecomeinvolvedassoon possible, notjust brilliant analysisofhim,andourfreshjoyatthe recognition,re- Múlt ésJövô . ImreKertész’sNobelPrizein2002,ÁgnesHeller’s

ÁGNES HELLER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS Ágnes Heller Jewish IdentityinHungarianliterature Between thefirstandlastessayinvolume(on world thatdetermineseverythingcomesboth beforeandafter. the writingsandwriters.Itisthis“narrative” and stateofthe “fatelessness”. ThechimneysofAuschwitzcasttheir shadowonallof the processofdisillusionment,andthen“development” into that destiny–ofitshopes,illusions,andtheirrealisation, aswell of EuropeanJewryinthetwentiethcentury.Thevarious aspectsof logy-related materialthattheirlife-worksrepresent– spanthedestiny Imre Kertész.Theirlivesandworks–allthehistoricalsocio- cation. Heller’s(exemplary)heroesareI.B.Singer,StefanZweigand issues ofJewishidentityandfate–withuniversalvalidityappli- these issuesoffate.Notjusttheliteraryportrayal,butalsogreat the authoralsoexploreswriterswhoselife-worksservetoreveal history andofthepossibilitiesportrayingsuch.Atsametime, pieces examinethephilosophicalproblemsofaestheticsandJewish lected theessaysofphilosopheronJewishliterature.Thefour Gulág [AuschwitzandtheGulag] themes. Theinitialvolumewaspublishedunderthetitle The publisherhasbegunaseriesofÁgnesHeller’swritingsonJewish THE SHADOWOFAUSCHWITZ PICARESQUE IN ditions anddiscourse ofHungarianliterature. why itwasinevitablyonly ininternalemigrationandoutsidethetra- And where,evendespitethis, itdidemerge–asclearlythen Hungarian Jewishliterature failedtoemergeinthetwentiethcentury. ening revealswhy,ina system ofsuchfalseexpectations,great tory] –thatestablishesthe clarifyingconnection.Thisstreakoflight- garian intellectuallifeilluminating andre-evaluatingcenturies[ofhis- twenty years) itisImreKertész’sNobelPrize–thisevent inHun- . Inthissecondvolumewehavecol- and on Fatelessness The Suppressionof Auschwitz és – after JÁNOS KO˝BÁNYAI OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS tófal tegies ofHungarianJewslivinginHungaryandIsrael( Kôbányai’s interestturnedtowardstheidentityproblemsandlife photographer. AfterbooksonBeatcultureandothermarginalgroups Journal andPublishingHouse.Heisalsoawriter,sociographer Kôbányai isresponsibleforresurrectingandediting JÁNOS KÔBÁNYAI and underlined thecontroversialnature ofhumansocietyassuch. the samemotifsandinterests exposedtheuniversalnatureofconflict edge ofthebookatsame time:withhindsight,therecurrenceof through WarandPeace the ’98BudapestBookWeek, refugee campsthroughout 1996and1997.Hepublishedabookfor first elections,thePope’svisit,localelectionsin Serbiaandthe malization andwitnessedaswriter,reporterphotographer the the cityasseeninmirrorofentiretyCentral Europe. conceived fromthisviewpoint,anditlooksatthepresent historyof but alsoatesting-groundforEuropeancivilization. Thebookwas became relevantoncemore.Sarajevoisnotonlya war-strickencity Vojvodina inthespringof1993–summer 1998, Macedonia the other(geographic)sideofconflict:Macedonia, Serbiaand history. Thebookisintroducedbyathirty-pagechapter depicting sent variousportraitsoflifeinthemirror20th-centuryBosnian moment inuniversalJewishhistory.Severalin-depthinterviewspre- the Jewishcommunitythere(oneofEurope’soldest)isanunique daily lifeofthecity,especiallyonitsculturalaspects.Thehistory the BestNon-FictionAwardfor1996. the historyofBalkanconflictuntilendwar,received peace accords.His most violentperiodsofthesiegebefore“outbreak”Dayton The warinKosovobothsoftened andsharpenedthecontemporary Kôbányai continuedhisjourneysinBosniaatthestart ofthenor- In 1993KôbányaispentseveralmonthsinSarajevo,duringthe / Hungarian WailingWall Sarajevo Report . ; Jeruzsálemi Évtized/TheJerusalemDecade A BalkanChronicle ( Szarajevói Jelentés Sarajevo Report – ), whichfollows Sarajevo Report focuses onthe Múlt ésJövô Magyar Sira- stra- ).

JÁNOS KO˝BÁNYAI OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS attitudes ofcorrespondents. the GulfandinBalkans,professional assignmentsand through East-Europeaneyes,thetwoend-of-the-millennium warsin pean rockmusic,therevivalofJewishcommunity,Israelasseen include youthmarginality,thesocialbackgroundofEasternEuro- transition toanewregime,asseenfromtheinside.Itsmaintopics rian historyofthelasttwenty-fiveyearsfromCommunismto blend ofsociologyandliterature)butalsobecauseitshowsHunga- because ofitsuniquelyHungariangenresociography(beinga interest inEasternEuropewillfindthisworkappealingnotonly summarizes twenty-fiveyearsofsociographicwork.Thosewithan Kôbányai’s (Riport) REPORT János Kôbányai Vienna. the country.TheGerman translationwaspublishedbyWespennest, ism withwhichthegeneration oftheHolocaustfoughtfor,andbuilt the Diaspora(includingHungary) andthenewcountry,hero- with documentary-likepower, thebirthofIsrael,relationsbetween dren, sheadoptedfourMoroccan Jewishboys.Thenoveldepicts, Due toinjuriessufferedin theHolocaust,shecouldnothavechil- State ofIsrael,wheresheparticipatedasasoldierin everysinglewar. Hungary toPalestine,arrivingjustbeforetheestablishment ofthe which shemadethetwo-year-longjourneyon ship the DeadSea.ShehadbeenthroughHolocaust asachild,after is aseriesofrecordedinterviewswithHungarianwoman livingnear áldott In 1998Kôbányaipublishedan“Exodus-story”, ) ontheoccasionofIsrael’s50thanniversary.Itsbasic material Report ( Riport ), publishedjointlywithBalassiPublishers, Be Blessed! Exodus ( from Légy JÁNOS KO˝BÁNYAI OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS the writerwhowasheadingtowarddoomedcafeteria. Scopus Campus,whichtookitsvictimsnotahundred metersfrom by newtragicchapters,onerelatingthebombattack attheMount fluences events.Thebookpublishedattheendof2001 iscompleted Near-East, butofthewholeworld.Andway worldreactsin- modern apocalypse.Anapocalypsenotonlycharacteristic ofthe ing changes.Instead,hebecamethechroniclerof abundanceof Jerusalem in2000,theyearofmillennium,towitness someuplift- Jerusalem duringtheGulfWarandnewIntifada. Hewentto The personalandtheauthorial“luck”ofJánosKôbányai ledhimto THE JERUSALEMMILLENNIUM János Kôbányai

JÁNOS KO˝BÁNYAI OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS the onlyone whereJewssurvivedinsignificant numbers. caust inalandofEastCentral Europe(the current Hungarianhistory filteredthroughtheimpactofHolo- randa andletterswritten as atrustee:(notquitecheerful)viewof of Holocaustremembrance thatunfoldedfromthestudies,memo- rated in“theory”tothetest ofpractice.Anditisahistorydecade János Kôbányaihashadthe opportunitytoputwhathehadelabo- ber oftheBoardTrusteesHungarianHolocaust Museum, city), trauma-releasing possibilitiesinrecollection. ing ittheauthorseekstofulfilworkofmourning, andtofind ry, psychologyandpost-transitiondailypolitics; throughcreat- lems ofnarrationishomogenizedfromelements literature,histo- with theproblemofnarration.Languagestruggling withtheprob- the Holocaust,thisnadirinhistoryofmankind. Holocaust, andhowfarthischapterhascompleteduniversalized questions howfarthis“narrative”issingularinthehistoryof Jövô an occasiontotheauthor(theeditorofJewishmagazine 2004/2005 –the60thanniversaryofHungarianHolocaustgave THE PLACEOFMENDACITY AS NARRATIVE– THE HOLOCAUST János Kôbányai The secondpartofthebook, As inthecaseofImreKertész,orfollowinghim, Kôbányai deals ) todwellupontheHungarianchapterofHolocaust,on is asociographyofsortsthatevolvedspontaneously. Asamem- A hazugsághelye(ThePlaceofMenda- “Land oftheHolocaust” Múlt és ), MÁRIA EMBER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS characters, situations andstories. cataclysm oftheundigested pastthroughexcellentlyrepresented and truerthananyother told byscientifictextssinceitnarratesthe The knowledgetransmitted thiswayismuchmoregenuine,deeper rare sharpnessandpreciseness, extendstoapictureofthewhole on thecoexistenceofJews andChristiansinavillagepaintedwith together. Themicro-world oftheGreatHungarianPlain,adocument this lyricsociographyanalysesthefailureofChristians andJewsliving screen ofchildhoodandfromtheperspective wholecentury, tification -lendwingstotheauthor’slifeexperience. Throughthe genres appearinginthiswork–consequencesofthe processofiden- the enduredandinvestigatedhistory.Theenlarged knowledgeand reports, pragmaticjournalism,historicalresearch,this booksumsup garian andJewishtragedyinthecollectivememory. Afterheressays, inexpressible andunspeakableexperiments,todissolve theHun- opportunity providedbythechangeofregimeand todescribeher about theHolocaust( Mária Emberwroteoneofthefirstmostauthenticdocumentprose WILL WESTILLBEALIVEIN2000? Mária Ember Hairpin Bend ). Shefeltherdutytograspthe world.

MÁRIA EMBER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS digestable andbeginanewlife. surviving theHolocaustaretryingtounderstandand digesttheun- The sceneisaJewishshelterforyoungladiesinBudapest wheregirls tion whenshehadtobeginanewlifewiththememory ofthecamp. and thentheconcentrationcamp,butsurvival aftertheLibera- express succinctlyanexperience:theworstwasnot thedeportation ly short.Theauthorwroteitduringthelastmoments ofherlifeto This isakindofBuildungsroman,eventhoughthetextsareextreme- AWAY FROMTHEVILLAGE Mária Ember SÁNDOR BACSKAI OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS ney. Aviv. Bacskai’snewbook now inpreparationisareportofthisjour- ters ofNewYork,andto BnéBrak,theOrthodoxquarternearTel Jüdisches StadtbildBudapest entitled by SuhrkampfortheFrankfurt BookFairinthevolume gone intoasecondprinting. Anexcerptfromthebookwaspublished writing. excellent photographerandthisvisualapproachalso characterizeshis tion, andwhopreservedtheirreligionlifestyle. Bacskaiisan ful totraditioneveninthe1950s,despitepressure andpersecu- tions. NobodyhasyetwrittenaboutthoseJewswho remainedfaith- memories, castinglightintheprocessonfate ofmanygenera- tacts. HeinterviewsmainlyJewsreturninghomein searchoftheir being awriter,hisstrengthliesincommunicatingand buildingcon- people whoarethelastwitnessesofadisappearingworld. Apartfrom Hungarian OrthodoxJewry.Heconductsliteraryinterviewswithold graphic literaturethatflourishedinthe1930sand1970s. appeared intheJournal.Bacskaicontinuestraditionofsocio- author isthepublisher’sowndiscovery.Allofthesewritingsfirst work Múlt ésJövô JERUSALEM ONE STEPTOWARDS Sándor Bacskai The authorvisitshisown charactersattheOrthodoxJewishquar- One SteptowardsJerusalem Bacskai’s writingsofferglimpsesofalittle-knownworld,that One SteptowardsJerusalem was especiallypleasedtopublishBacskai’ssociographic . TheEnglishtranslationis alsoavailable. has beensowellreceivedthatwehave ( Egy lépésJeruzsálemfelé ) becausethe

SÁNDOR BACSKAI OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS Sándor Bacskaiwasdiscoveredfirstbytheperiodical Remembrances fromtheHungarianOrthodoxJewry THE FIRSTDAY Sándor Bacskai home inasecond volumetobepublished inayear’stime. and publisherhaveagreed tocontinuethejourneyinsearchofanew realisation oftheimpossibility ofareturntonormallife.Theauthor vice andtheextermination camps:itconcludeswiththeshocking the goldenageofJewishOrthodoxy andthereturnfromlabourser- ture, therebycontributing tothemomentumofgreatuprooting. garian Jewsbutwhichneverfoundaspiritualhome in Hungariancul- rate awayoflifeandphilosophythatwastypical ofmanyHun- his empatheticmicrophone.Theinterviewsfound herecommemo- throughout Europe,AmericaandIsrael.Bacskaifollowed themwith Holocaust. Thosewhosurvived–adiasporain –dispersed haps theapathyandrejectionsufferedbygroup duringthe mentioned inHungarianliteratureandculture,foreshadowing per- Jews inHungary.ThisJewishgroup–anduniqueworld –wasbarely more profoundandilluminatingaccountofcontemporary Orthodox Hungarian literatureinthe1930sand1970s.Nobody hasgivena to developtheso-called“sociographic”genre,greatdiscoveryof terms ofgenreandsubjectmatter.Almostonhisown,hecontinues published inseveralotherlanguages.Theauthorisauniquewriter felé [AsteptowardsJerusalem] then bythebookpublisher Based ontheorderofhistorical narrative,thevolumebeginswith Múlt ésJövô. soon soldoutandextractshavebeen His book Egy lépésJeruzsálem Múlt ésJövô and GÉZA RÖHRIG OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS Hungarian issueofthe Buber) fromtheconcentration campstoarrivalintheUSA. It imaginesthetalesofa Hasidicrabbi(inthefootstepsofMartin shocking images.Hisprose workisalsoadeeplyfeltoffiction. twenties describesinthe1990sexperiencesof the Holocaustin in retreatfromtheworld. to Hasidiccustomhiswifeearnstheirliving–andworks onhistexts Jewish Museum.Atthemomentheisafull-timefather –according Jerusalem andNewYork,workedasaguide attheBudapest series, hehasworkedinakibbutzIsrael,studied inyeshivas punk musician,asuccessfulfilm-maker,andanactor inatelevision Polish DepartmentoftheUniversityBudapest. Hehasbeena degree attheArtandFilmCollege.Hestudiedfor a fewyearsatthe literature. Hegrewupinastatecareinstitutionsandobtainedhis by EmilFür. Múlt ésJövô which ishisfirstprosework, his proseisalso availableinEnglish. published inGermanbyFiebig Verlagforthe1999Fair,andsomeof This thirty-year-oldpoethasbeencloselyassociatedwith THE RABBI’SBALDPARROT Géza Röhrig His firstvolume, A fewpoemsof Cremation Book Röhrig hashadoneofthemosteventfulcareersinHungarian . Wepublishedhissecondvolume in the s Cremation Book is aremarkableundertaking:youngmaninhis Cremation Book Wespennest The Rab ( Hamvasztókönyv were publishedinGerman inthe in Vienna.Thewholebook was bi’s BaldParrot ), waspublishedby , withillustrations ummer of’99, Múlt ésJövô .

IMRE GOLDSTEIN OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS Book ofMemories István Örkény,MilánFüstandImreSarkadi.Healsotranslated garde drama.HehastranslatedintoEnglishplaysbyTiborDéry, US armyforfiveyears.HewrotehisdissertationonHungarianavant- atrical productions.Inordertopayforhisstudiesheservedinthe country in’56.HestudieddramaNewYorkandhasdirectedthe- raised inanOrthodoxJewishfamilyandsubculture,leftthe and identityinothercultureslanguages.Goldsteinwasborn who haveleftHungarybutcarryontheirHungarianexperience important functionofthepublishingcompany:togatherauthors English novel, also publishedananthologyofhiswork. lished hisHungarianpoemsoverthelastfiveyears andin1998we and assimilationstrategyof HungarianJews.W make itswayintoliterature duetotheparticularhistoricalheritage depth descriptionoflifeinanOrthodoxfamilycould neverbefore uncharted territorybothforliteratureandhistoriography. Anin- This biographicalnovelprovidesdoubleinsight intopreviously the eventsof‘56fromviewpointaJewishstudent inBudapest. The wayinwhichImreGoldsteinislinkedto NOVEMBER SPRING Imre Goldstein and theirexperience of1956. they disappearedforgood. Goldstein’snovelisabouttheirworld, Stalinism: therewereHassidic JewsandYeshivasuntil1956,butthen dox, butreligionwasalive andwellinHungaryduringtheyearsof ly admitone’sJewishidentity inthe1950s?Itmightseemlikeapara- He writespoetryinHungarian. Nonetheless, hewriteshisnovelsinEnglish.Wepublish hisfirst November Spring ( Emlékiratok könyve . Inthenovel,authorlivesthrough Múlt ésJövô ) byPéterNádas. hat wasitlike Múlt ésJövô has frequentlypub- reveals an to open- The JEWISH HISTORY • VilmosBacher: The followingimportantworkswerepublishedinJewish studies: JEWISH HISTORY • IstvánHahn: • LajosBlau: gedy alike. Hungarian Jewscanserve asanexampleintermsofsuccessandtra- tence ofpeoples,andtheir assimilationorintegration.Thefateof um thekeyquestionsour civilizationisfacingincludetheco-exis- Jewish history,primarilybecause atthecloseofsecondmillenni- • IgnácGoldziher: What ismore,theregrowing internationalinterestinHungarian ( ( ( Szentírás észsidótudomány Proféták forradalma A zsidóságlényegeésfejlôdése The JewsandWorldCivilization The RevolutionofProphets–EssaysinJudaicStudies The BibleandJewishScience The DevelopmentandEssenceofJewishness ), ), ) ( Zsidók ésavilágkultúra ),

JEWISH HISTORY Hungarian and Jewishhistorywithunrivalled completeness. ished, text ofHungarianintellectual lifeandusedsourceswhichlaterper- that preservesdifferences. SinceKomlóswrotehisworkinthecon- Jewish coexistenceanddo notargueforassimilationbutintegration lected andeditedthese analyses whichdealwithHungarianand up tothemid-20thcentury, tothetimeofHolocaust.Wecol- unfinished volumecontinuesthemonographin formofessays society, especiallyinhumansciencesandliterature. Thesecond, century andhowtheycametobethedrivingforce inmoderncivic examines howJewsinHungarybecameHungarian Jewsinthe19th Jewish assimilationbecameclear.Themonographin thefirstvolume threat oftheHolocaust,atatimewhenfailure ofHungarian- intellectual andliteraryhistorians.Hewrotehis book underthe Fejtô inFrench).Komlóswasoneofthemostsignificant Hungarian have attractedgreatinterest(RaphaelPataiinEnglish andFerenc because similarworksalreadyexistontheinternational marketand itself, willdefinitelyattractinternationalattention,allthemoreso in Hungarythepastfewyears.Thefirstvolume,amonograph Age totheHolocaust The two-volume FROM THEREFORMAGETOHOLOCAUST HUNGARIAN JEWISHINTELLECTUALHISTORY Aladár Komlós Hungarian-Jewish Intellectual History Hungarian-Jewish IntellectualHistoryfromtheReform by Komlóswasoneofthemostsuccessfulbooks presents thischapterof JEWISH HISTORY of hisstudies. garian-Jewish historywriting. ration fromGalicia.Theclosing essaysurveystheproblemsofHun- Hungarian Jewryin1848, and thequestionofmuch-debatedmig- 18 international historicalresearch, andhealsotakesanewapproachto garian history.Hedrawsonthelatestfindingsof Hungarianand contains hiswritingsofthelasttenyearsonshared Jewish-Hun- garians duringthe1000yearsofHungarianhistory. Thiscollection stones alongthesymbioticprocessofco-existence of JewsandHun- eration ofhistorians.Thearticlesinthisbookinvestigate themile- György Harasztiisanoutstandingmemberofthe middle-aged gen- ON THEBORDEROFTWOWORLDS György Haraszti English, GermanandItalian referencematerialisavaliableforsome th -century Jewishmigration intoHungary,thesocialstructureof

JEWISH HISTORY tion; 6.TrianonandHungarian Jews. ort 19th-century Kingdomof Hungary);4.TherootsofJewishultra- Szofer andTheodoreHerzl (OrthodoxyandearlyZionisminthe garian-Jewish congressinthe contemporaryGermanpress);3.Hatam migration fromGalicia;2. Reformandorthodoxy(the1868Hun- German developments.Thechaptertitlesareinformative: 1.Jewish Hungarian Jewryinthe19thcenturyandhowit differed fromthe He focusesonhowGermanmodelsinfluencedthe assimilationof ed articles,whichareamongthemostfrequentlycited byhistorians. Hungarian Jews.Hewrotefewbutallthemorethoroughly research- Walter PietschisaGermanhistorianspecializing in thehistoryof (Hungarian JewryEnteringtheModernEra) REFORM ANDORTHODOXY Walter Pietsch The bookwas publishedbothby hodoxy inHungarianJewry; 5.OszkárJásziandtheJewishques- Múlt ésJövô and PhiloPress. SOCIOLOGY traps ofintegration. forced assimilationunder the Communists,andpossibilities after 1945,themobilising force ofZionism,theextentemigration, “downward”) mobilityof the “restarters”,wavesofantisemitism social reception,demography, classrelationsand(“upward” ting backintosociety.Inseparate subchapters,thebookdiscusses Jewish survivorsoftheNazi genocide,aswellthetrialsoftheirfit- of indicators,inordertoportraythecollectiveimage ofHungarian ination resultsandhisexperiencesasayouthinsociological system phical reports,historicalaccounts,aswellhisown entranceexam- gether statisticalindicators,contemporarypressarticles, autobiogra- is tobepublishedinaseparatevolume.Theauthor hasforgedto- about thesociologyofHungarian-Jewishsurvivors. Thesecondpart with thefindingsofrecentresearch,isfirstpart ofalargerwork been re-edited,inpartre-written,andsupplemented andexpanded under theeditorshipofPéterKende.Thepresent text,whichhas of liberalpoliticalémigrés,the which waspublishedin1984thenowlegendaryParisianworkshop The readerholdsinhishandsanold/newbook,thefirstversionof Chapters fromthesociologyofHungarianJewryafter1945 SURVIVORS ANDRESTARTERS Viktor Karády Magyar Füzetek[Hungarianpapers] ,

SOCIOLOGY Hungary aswell. ined inabiographicalcontext –anoveltyinJewishStudies process thatalsoincludes some distancingfromthatidentityisexam- analysed inHungaryyet.Finally, therediscoveryofJewishidentity,a children andgrandchildren oftheperpetrators,whichhasnotbeen coexistence. Thereby,the book presentstheguiltyconscienceof of theShoahinpublicdebate byanalysingitfromtheperspectiveof Jewish identityinmixedmarriages.Also,itstrivesto bring thetraumas with the“Jewishidentity”ofnon-Jews,philo-Semitism andpseudo- cumcision, Menorah).ItisthefirststudyinHungary, whichdeals of variousJewishsymbols,ritualsandobjects(e.g.,Star ofDavid,cir- hatred andlatentanti-Semitism.Thebookexamines thechanginguse identity, throughabandoningorchangingJewish identity,toself- tence, Jewishnessacquiresnewmeaningsrangingfrom amoreintense lic orsecret)becomesasourceofpeculiaridentities. Throughcoexis- mixed marriages,inwhichtheJewishoriginofone party(beitpub- sents the“Jewishness”ofsuchindividualsandfamilies wholivein through thecoexistenceofJewswithnon-JewsinHungary.Itpre- This bookdiffersfromotherstudiesinexploringJewishidentity subject ofresearchinsociology,socialpsychologyandhistory. The individualandcollectiveidentityoftheJewsisawell-established Jews inSearchforIdentityHungaryaftertheTransition PRESENCE Éva Kovács–JúliaVajda SOCIOLOGY work ofsocial scienceandhistoriography. the academicand“interested” publicafundamentalandstandard the completeresearchmaterial ofthesurvey.Indoingso,weofferto ceived. Wealsopublishall theassociatedstatisticaldata,aswell task ofmeasuringJewish identityandofinterpretingthedatare- has materialised,thusenabling socialscientiststoaddressopenlythe identity; thepossibilitythat aroseafterthechangeofpoliticalsystem and historicalchanges.Themainquestionis,after all, thechoiceof factors establishingidentity,andthebroadrangeof itsdemographic the socialandeconomicrolesofJewsincontemporary Hungary,the society anddeterminingthepasthalf-century.Their inquiriescover dos) alsoexaminethehistoricalprocessesinfluencing thewholeof Angelusz, AndrásKovács,JánosLadányi,TamásStark, RóbertTar- Through thedynamicsofidentityanddifference, authors(Róbert or peopleofJewishdescentasaspecialgroupwithin thepopulation. discuss, toalesserorgreaterdegreeofemphasis,the Jewishpopulace logical InstituteofELTEUniversityinBudapest.The variousstudies organised in1999bytheMinorityResearchInstituteofSocio- ies comprisingthevolumearoseasresultofsociologicalresearch never beenundertakenbeforeinHungarian-Jewishhistory.Thestud- “hard data”ofacomprehensivesurvey.Suchthoroughsurveyhas their experiences.Theportrayalisbasedonconcreteresearchandthe of JewishsurvivorstheHolocaustwhostayedinHungarydespite The studiesinthevolumegiveamulti-layeredsociologicalportrayal Edited byAndrásKovács the 1999sociologicalsurvey An analysisofthefindings HUNGARY JEWS INCONTEMPORARY

HOLOCAUST notes. t plement eachother.The son, aTalmudicscholar,translatedhisfa- ume thelivesandworksof twogenerationsofOrthodoxrabbiscom- and the1970sfrompoint ofviewanOrthodoxJew.Inthisvol- furt, and,ingeneral,the history ofHungarybetweenWorldWarI the YeshivaineasternHungary, theNeo-OrthodoxYeshivaofFrank- an orthodoxrabbi,wroteinformativedescription oftheworld moirs arefollowedbytheson’sbiographyofhisfather. István,also guage ofthe of theapocalypsewhichhewitnessed.Hisproseissteeped inthelan- Hungarian Jewry.InhismemoirsRebDománpaints avividpicture dox community,whichconstitutedhalfoftheone millionstrong this documentisauniquereminderofthelostworld oftheOrtho- jahu Domán,inhisrecollectionsofBuchenwald.Written inHebrew, our timesallsixmillionofthem,”wroteErnôDomán, thatisRebEli- ons,’ andthustheyslayhimofferasahuman sacrifice.In onward thereisnoneedforaharbinger[arooster]amongthenati- Those hithertodeeplyasleepawakeandspeakthus:‘Fromthisday NO HARBINGERISNEEDEDAMONGSTPEOPLES István DománandErnô her’s HebrewtextintoHungarian andappendeditwithexplanatory Old Testament and the Talmud. The elderDomán’sme- HOLOCAUST (The livesofpeopleintheHolocaust) AT THEEDGEOFROAD ed onthreedifferentstagesintheHolocaustnarrative. grounds, allcharacteristicofHungarianJewry.Andemphasisisplac- three differentfates,butalsopresentsociologicalback- ing, storyandmessage.Thethreepiecesarenotjustthenarrativesof tions ofordinarypeoplewhoseexperiencescomprisetheirsolewrit- The bookcontainsthreeHolocaustnarratives.Theyaretherecollec- Kôbányai) János by (Edited bring usclosertoordinary peoplewhoarealsoheroes. credible documentofthe willandcapacityforlife.Allthreepieces tells ofthedemiseaplunderedJewishmiddle-class, agreatand of herstorycontinuesuntildeparturefromHungary in1957.She Holocaust isthehuntformeninjungleofBudapest. Thefocus upper-middle-class Jews.TheothergreatHungarian narrativeonthe live onthesememories] and finallytheoutburstafterlastpoliticalupturn in1989. the communistsystem,aswellwoundsthat wouldnotheal and theemotionaldifficultiesofreadjustingtoordinary lifeunder the uprootingofaJewishruralhousehold,events atAuschwitz, Terner: Auschwitz. Thenarrativefeaturedinthecollection’stitle(Kornélia the lifeofavillagedoctorandhisfamily–untiltheirdeportationto “great narrative”. a historicalandculturalphenomenon onthelinesofImreKertész’s lected thememoirs,analyses andtypifiestheHungarianHolocaustas Júlia Fodor-Wieg’spiece Pál Kádár’sstory Visual recordsofthedestroyed worldillustratethebook. In theepilogue Az útszélén[Attheedgeofroad]) The HolocaustasNarrative, (A körgyógynapszámos[Theseasonalhealer]) describes theHolocaustasitwasexperiencedby Ezekbôl azemlékekbôlfogokélni[Iamgoingto János Kôbányai,whocol- describes allthreestages: presents

HOLOCAUST tyrs butitmight aidthosewhosurvived andstilllive“withoutfate”. that attimesstillhauntsour lives.Thetruthwillnotresurrectour mar- essay György Harasztieditedthedocumentsandwrote the introductory the worldfromAuschwitz1942toMay1944. Thehistorian personally witnessedinfullbloom. of thousands.Theypresentedthesupremeanatomyevilthatthey world ofthehorribleatrocitiesinordertosaveliveshundreds from thelargestNazideathfactorydesperatelywantedtoinform Auschwitz concentrationcampinmateswhoescapedonApril1944 many moremettheirend inthegaschambersofAuschwitz. as aresultmanyescapeddeath butsincethenewswasnotfullyaired matic presentationinaworld historicalsetting.Thesecretwasoutand pest? Hisinvestigatingessay, whichconcludesthevolume,isadra- how theAuschwitzMemorandumcouldsaveonly the JewsofBuda- and thePope. Zionist organizationsaswellthepoliticsofRoosevelt, Churchill arns muchaboutthefamilyofMiklósHorthy, inner workingsof With thehelpoftestimonyAuschwitzinmates thereaderle- The THE AUSCHWITZPROTOCOL Our publicationisacollectionofallthedocuments thatreached Múlt esJövô János Kôbányai’sessay Auschwitz Protocol . TheBurningSecret Publishing attemptstoneutralize the„burningsecret” is afundamentaltextofthelastcentury.Two is asexcitingreadinganyamysterynovel. The AuschwitzGospel asks thequestionof CHILDRENS’S BOOKS the passingonofprejudices. on spiritualdevelopmentandcanprovideakindof immunity against trum ofJewishliterature.Childhoodreadinghasenormous influence Talmudic talesaswellEast-Europeanfolktalesand legends. pared numeroustranslationsincompilingthetexts whichinclude Both literarymenwereengagedincomprehensive research andpre- lished in1941and1943,thefirstbyKomlós, second byVihar. We havecompiledavolumeoffolktalesfromtwo collectionspub- Jewish Tales TALES ABOUTELIYAHU Aladár Komlós–BélaVihar The fairy-talegenreisabsentthesedaysfromthebroadening spec-

CHILDRENS’S BOOKS until 1993whenhebecame a ture storyofanobject. on theshelvesandhangers andinthedrawers.Thebookisadven- of thewardrobereappear with thepossessionsthattheyusedtostore take usbackwardsintime,andoneafteranotherthe previousowners and wecanturnthepagesasifwereopeningits doors.Thepages This specialfoldingbookisintheshapeofabeautiful oldwardrobe THE WARDROBE István Nemes–AnnaKomjáthy Bódi withfull-pagecolor,andsmallerblackwhite, drawings. cheerful storiesareaboutthethreeofthem,illustratedbyKatalin that momentonaccompaniesthechildreneverywhere.Theten who liveinthesamehouseandevengotoschooltogether. ters. Agirlandaboy,NádiPaca,arechildrenofthesameage, The titleofthebookisineffectnamesthreemaincharac- NÁDI, PACA,KÓC István Nemes–KatalinBódi radio dramas, filmscripts,novels,thrillers, children’sbooksand István Nemeswasbornin Budapestin1953.Hetaughtphilosophy Kóc isadog,whichonedayjustappearsfromnowhereand freelance literarywriter. He writes essays, lyrics. LITERATURE because ofalack ofqualifiedparticipants-has nottakenplacesince then. an exchangeofviewsabout theessenceofJewishliterature-nodoubt Literature], Compass], 1975;PálVidor, regénye,” [ScionsofS.Fischmann, AndrasKomor’snovel], Soul], József Patai, Zsigmond cikkére,”[ResponsetoMoricz’sArticle], that wasfollowedbyseveralresponses.(AladárSchöpflin, article, and natureofJewishliterature,promptedbyZsigmond Móricz’sopening associated withasignificantdebateinliteraryhistory focusonthestate Richard Bloch’snovel,...andCo.)Thebookhasnotonly innervalues;itis reflection. (Initsthemeandapproach,thenovelisvery similartoJean has anythingbeenwrittenwithsuchartisticintegrityand unsparingself- capitalism andassimilationviewedfromaJewishstandpoint. Notsincethen Fischmann S.utódai,[ScionsofFischmann] fifth call-upforforcedlaborservice.Hismostimportant workisthenovel, book inhishandashedrankglassofpoison)afterhaving receivedhis Keleti KárolyStreethelivedandcommittedsuicidein1944(withafavorite from afamilyoffamousarchitects(MarcellKomor)inwhosehouse Írás, [HungarianWriting]),asapoetandauthorofproseworks.Hecame Company]), asacritic(Nyugat;EstiKurír[EveningMessenger];Magyar as aprofessionalreader(apostheheldattheFranklinTársulat[Franklin writer ofrefinedstyleandFrenchlearning.Helivedfromforliterature and literaryadviser.CountedamongthethirdNyugat[West]generation,a (Budapest,1898–1944,Budapest).Writer,poet,reader KOMOR, ANDRAS ANDRÁS KOMOR Múlt ésJövô,1930;GyulaIllyés, “ “Zsidó lélekazirodalomban,”[JewishSoulinLiterature], Magyar ZsidóSzemle,[Hungarian JewishReview],1931.Such “Móricz Zsigmondésazsidólélek,” [ZsigmondMóriczandtheJewish “Zsidó lélekazirodalomban,” [JewishSoulin Fischmann S.utódai,KomorAndrás a panoramaofHungarianJewish Iránytûvel, [Witha (Nyugat, 1930), “Válasz Móricz Nyugat, 1930;

LITERATURE Several morenovels arestillinthearchives ofOSZK. 1928 (novel);R.T. Sunshine], Other worksbyAndrásKomor: level ofart,retainsitsvalue across theages. because thiscommonplace relationship, portrayedbutnotelevatedtothe unfold thebanaldramawhosetypicalcalmnessismost peculiar,precisely keen criticalsense,irony,andpsychologicalinsight,Komor managesto tinuity aswell:thechild,patternsofbehavior,and tradition.Witha able economicandsexualcompromises.Thissolidbase givesbirthtocon- ideals ortheneedforself-realization. relationship isdrivenneitherbypurepersonalinterestsnor bygreathuman tion ofabondthat,intheabsencelove,isbasedoninterdependence. The analyzed dramaofnon-dramaticeverydaylife;theexposure andexamina- sociological descriptions,thenovelisalsominutelyobserved andfinely to highlightthestoryofacouple’srelationship.Beyond therichlydetailed the backgroundofsharplydelineatedlargerfamilytableau, Komorchose Budapest andinthecountryside1920s1930s.Thistime,against ologically authenticdepictionofthedynamicsJewishfamilylifebothin novel, notes byPetraTörök,(MúltésJövô,1998). appeared intheappendixofsecondeditionKomor’snovel,with [Jewish ProblemsinModernHungarianLiterature]; Free University,underthetitle conducted athree-partlectureseriesattheBudapestJewishCommunity’s Komor wasactivenotonlyasawriterbutalsotheoretician.In1935he Society isbuiltonitstension-filledbutreliableimmobility andonunalter- Andras Komor’s Scions ofFischmannS. 1922 (poems); Wedding March 1934 (novel); Állomás, [Station], that, initstime,wasacausecélebrè;itissoci- Zsidó problémákamodernmagyarirodalomban Imádság tavaszinapsütésben,[Prayer inSpring A varázsló,[TheMagician], is asequeltotheauthor’sverysuccessful 1925 (poems); the textoflectures Jane andJohnny, 1937 (novel). ÁGNES HELLER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS On theevil,radical evil,historicalevil Freud’s Moses– reflectionsonadebate On theFreudexhibitioninThe JewishMuseumofBerlin The bookofK(ontheautobiography ofImreKertész) The ShameofTrauma,theTrauma ofShame CONTENTS for oneselfandtheworld. shame ofthetraumasuffered,andtherebyemergevictorious and makelifelivable for healing.Inorderthatonemaydefeattheevilresidingwithin, toconquerthe evil andbytheseconceptsherthoughformingworkshefacilitates theprospects ates thephilosophicaldefinitionofseeminglyordinaryconcept ofshameand culture. Inadditiontoculturalhistoricalanalysisoftrauma,Ágnes Helleralsocre- reflective autobiographyofImreKertész. approaching literature–isincludedhereinwhichÁgnesHeller examinestheself- tion. (Itisforthisreasonthatthegenreclosesttopsychology –theanalysisof made thisburningwoundtobecometheproblemofwhole ofhumanciviliza- phenomenon thatremainsachinglyrelevantonaccountofits irresolutenature— holocaust traumaofthe20thcentury–apocalypticend-game ofthetrauma Monotheism. Herwork,thefirstanalysisofcollectionaddresses thismatter.The trauma anditsresolution,asFreuddescribedinhislastmajorwork,Moses Jewish people.Thebasiccharacterofthepeopleisformedbysuchanancient ma isconnectedinmanydimensionswiththetragicchosenstatusandfateof lems thecharacterizationofstageshumandevelopment.Theconcepttrau- Heller intoherthinkinginordertodescribeandtransformphilosophicalprob- fession. TheconceptoftraumadiscoveredbypsychologyisincorporatedÁgnes trauma, althoughnaturallynotasanappraiserofFreud’swork,whichisherpro- the Freudianlegacygreatphilosopherofourtimeisinterestedinproblem sent inasinglevolumetheseessaysthatwerewrittenover15yearperiod.Of It isthe150thanniversaryofbirthFreudthatprovidedanopportunitytopre- TRAUMA Ágnes Heller Circumscribing traumaisthefirststeptowardaddressingorincorporating itinto sigmund published for freud’s birthday 150 th

ÁGNES HELLER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS OF THEBOOKGENESIS INTERPRETATIONS PHILOSOPHICAL Ágnes Heller Chapter 3.Maimonideson„zelem”, thefacultyofdiscriminationandpossible Chapter 2.AugistinonTimeandthehereditorysin Chapter 1.ThevariouspossibilitiestoreadtheBible CONTENTS temporality. Theveryancientispresentandthecurrent isveryancient. now” infatuationofouragesinceeverythingthatisdiscussed herepointsbeyond ner. Finally,alsobecausethinkingaboutthesetextsprovidesa wayoutofthe“just ability ofgreatinterpreterstocombinecourageandhumility in anenjoyableman- hand andreadingitalwaysfillsmewithjoy.Andperhapsalso becauseIadmirethe Ágnes Hellerposesthequestion.“PerhapsbecauseIenjoyholding theBibleinmy lennia sharingÁgnesHellerthoughts. motif ofasymphony,weexperiencethisintellectualadventure spanningtwomil- Ricouer beforearrivingatherowninterpretation.Meanwhile naturally,astheleit- Maimonides, MasterEckhart,Kant,Kierkegaard,Buber,Walter BenjaminandPaul that examinesGenesisinterpretationsofsuchfellowtravelersasSaintAugustine, the Bible(religious,literary,mystycalphilosophical)andthenproceedsinajourney and hercontemporaries,theethicalaestheticthinkeroftwothousandyears. losophy, thedebaterengagedindiscussionsonequaltermswithfamedpredecessors states) andtherichlyentertaining,indeedhumorousessayist,historianofphi- monizes theuniversityprofessor(“Philosophyisadiscursivegenre”ÁgnesHeller mation ofaphilosophicaloeuvre.Thestyleandstructurethebookelegantlyhar- tual course. foundation ofourcivilization,itsvaluesanddirections,alsodetermineseven- the BookofGenesissetsstage,notjustforwholeBiblebutalso Christianity, fromareligiousandculturalperspectiveaswell.Thisissogiventhat ence yetgiventhatthestoriesofBiblearebasictextsJudaismand What isforcertain,however,thatthisbookofherswillappealtothelargestaudi- without doubt,accordingtoherclosecircleofcolleaguesandfriends)bestbook. Following numerousarticlesandessays,ÁgnesHellerhaswrittenwhatisarguably(or Chapter 10.Here I am Chapter 9.PaulRicoeuronthestategy andthespiritofBiblicalnarrative Chapter 8.WalterBenjaminonthe wordandonthename Chapter 7.MartinBuber’sreading oftheBibleafterNietzshe Chapter 6.Kierkegaardontheteleological suspensionoftheethicalandonanxiety Chapter. 5.ThetwoAdamofKant. Adamphenomenon,nuomenon Chapter 4.MasterEckhartonmacrocosmos andmicrocosmos,onthenameface “Why didIchoosethetopicofphilosophicalinterpretation ofGenesis?” The bookcommenceswithananalysisofthevariousinterpretivepossibilities This fortuitousorratherintendedchoiceofuniversalthemeisalsoagrandsum- Postcript versions ofcreation AGNES HELLER OUR CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS role but Felix Salten’s, and even David Grossmann’s, Samson renditions literaryAmonginterpretations,leadingwork. the dramatakesMilton’s art- andsculpture of piecesoutstandingother mention to fail not does tive. In fine arts, while pinpointing Rembrandt’s series of paintings, she figure and love story. Even though Agnes Heller’s approach is that of the interpretation. own her with readers the presented she clusion of the most significant authors in philosophical by way of history, con- of existence. After providing an overview of the various readings of some with the major questions of the Book of Genesis, that is, the beginnings book previous her In Bible. the to attention her directed has Heller Agnes Eros andThanatos inthe Bookof Judges SAMSON Agnes Heller who would not feel personally touched by these questions. being human thinking any hardly is There God. and love of conflicts about the genres themselves, although from a philosophical perspec- philosophical a from although themselves, genres the about inter- various the unfold to chooses she instance this in philosopher, pretationshero’stheofcomplex character networkandrelationships of del’s oratorio, but also does justice to Saint Säens’s opera Säens’s Saint to justice does also but oratorio, del’s also feature in Heller’s analysis. In music, she is most impressed by Han- theology (except its methods) but rather a personal contemplation of contemplation personal a rather but methods) its (except theology it is nor philosophy, academic not is It age. our of thinkers major the Delilah. representations of Samson in the respective art forms, we learn a lot a learn we forms, art respective the in Samson of representations through an analysis of artistic renditions. As she proceeds among the among proceeds she As renditions. artistic of analysis an through In this book on Samson, she focuses on the hero’s peculiar dramaticpeculiarhero’s the on focuses she Samson, on book this In Heller’s book is yet another playful intellectual adventure by one of one by adventure intellectual playful another yet is book Heller’s (Here I am: A Philosophical Interpretation of the Genesis) she grappled Samson and Samson

TAMAS KOBOR HUNGARIAN JEWISH NARRATIVE dapest novels his of titles The literature. city or urban so-calledthe originatorof consideredan be can thus writers,Jewish Hungarian of generation first the to belongs himself Kóbor 1911) (1902– standards. literary high with written Jewry Hungarian the sequel Jewish Narrative. sighted knowledge of human character and compassionate lyricism. universal, great artist who describes sociological processes with deep- a becomes Kóbor Tamás was, he as capitalism early of critic a sociologist, and astute an work this In other. each presuming course, the fate of the Jewry freshly finding a home there is one and the same besides being a family saga. Budapest becoming a metropolitan and Kóbor Tamás of novels of series great The OUT OFTHEGHETTO Tamas Kobor The book is a first volume of Múlt és Jövô’s new series of value exceptional The mark this aspiration. Cinderella, her Ladyship her Cinderella, Out of the Ghetto the of Out ) are the first social representations of representations social first the are ) KI A GETTÓBÓL Kóbor Tamás Out of the Ghetto the of Out is its being a city novel city a being its is Asphalt, Work, Bu- Work, Asphalt, Hunga-ri an (and its (and AVIGDOR HAMEIRI PAST AND FUTURE’S CLASSICS Zionist movement and its press. context of a unique Hungarian Hebrew culture and the emerging the and culture Hebrew Hungarian unique a of context Kôbanyai places the beginnings of Hameiri’s literary career in the in career literary Hameiri’s of beginnings the places Kôbanyai work of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. In his afterword, János afterword, his In Monarchy. Austro-Hungarian the of work Tel-Aviv University researcher Alon Rachamimov within the frame- Hungarian. poems dating from the same period which he himself translated into his as well as 1916 before Hungarian in Hameiri by written articles and the Bible’ (1912), which Ady himself valued highly, and Zionist dapest. The other main thread in his biography Bu- is of theculture Hebrew friendshipthe and movement Zionist with,the to Seminary Rabbinicalthe and yeshivas throughvillagesub-Carpathian small a describes the Hungarian Hungarian, stage of Hameiri’s journey from literature. Hebrew modern of classics the of one is Chernikovsky, and Bialik to next other country, language or culture; but not so for Avigdor Meiri who, It is quite uncommon for a Hungarian poet to become a classic of an- THE CHANTING PYRE Avigdor Hameiri vealed to the Hungarian public for the first time here. person. Numerous anecdotes and documents relating to Ady are re- and influence of, Ady and a Zionist perspective on his works and works his on perspective Zionist a and Ady of, influence and The figure and Hungarian patriotism of Hameiri are analysed by analysed are Hameiri of patriotism Hungarian and figure The The appendix to the book contains the author’s essay entitled ‘Ady The Chanting Pyre, Chanting The his autobiography written in written autobiography his

ENDRE ADY PAST AND FUTURE’S CLASSICS literature. Hungarian modern of poet greatest the is (1877–1919) Ady Endre Jewish Stories A STORYOFCROSSING ONESELF Endre Ady hand with the marriage’. decisive portrayal of this fruitful but at the same time hopeless ‘love a with legendry Ady the by presented be will modernity, that from theroots ofits tragedy culminating inthe Holocaust and inseparable that unwritten narrative recorded by intellectual history. – story Jewish multicoloured Ady’s refine further appendix the of The essays piece on the relationship between Hungarians and Jews. tion is like an unwritten novel, supplemented by the poet’s brilliant compila- This prose. poetic Ady’s of part significant a constituted relationships of network this of depiction vivid The controversies. progressive generation, I vibrating with Warall its pre-Worldtensions, intimacies the and of narrative collective the fact, in is, it ality: person-great a of story the than more is relationship This life. vate love-hate emotions had a major impact on both his literary and pri- his and Jews the with relations fruitful Ady’s Endre society, garian Whoever is interested in the birth of Hungarian modernity and modernity Hungarian of birth the in interested is Whoever The magyarization poet. Since modernisation in Hungary went hand in hand went Hungary in modernisation Since poet. of Jewry and their assimilation into Hun- DEZSÔ SZOMORY PAST AND FUTURE’S CLASSICS drama on the subject that appeared only after his death, and as his as and death, his after onlyappeared that subject the on drama a wrote Sheba.(Szomory ofQueen theSolomon and King of story theme and sensuous quality to the Orientalism that had inspired it. in wedded closely most is prose author’s the of quality nouveau art the that work this in is it yet and since, reprinted been not has and 1937 in published was book The situation. his understand us help Horeb) and who is denied tenure at his university because of his Mt. Jew- of top on Commandments the of Tablets the received (Moses nated by the legendary love story.) diary-like note at the end of the book indicates, he himself was fasci- the specifically, South-Arabia, of history ancient the of researcher hor’sown imagination, Professor Horeb is an Orientalist and ardent aut-the ofdose Renan,ErnstpepperedVámbéryÁrmin aand with people the author knew and respected, namely, Ignácz Goldziher, Ignácz namely, respected, and knew author the people from together Kneaded character. main the by stories short the to gainsaying his Jewishness and trying to steal Horeb’s wife is novellacolleagueaboutaconnected compensateswho talenthislackforof by prose works. It consists of a novella and a wreath of short stories. The ProfessorHoreb PROFESSOR HOREB Dezsô Szomory hard-earned, mature wisdom, philosophy,the all andcontains admirablesays he what eruditionand author, the to for speaks origin, ish rfso Hrb woe ae mois nvra Jewishness universal embodies name whose Horeb, Professor (Horeb tanárúr) is the islastDezsôof Szomory’s major (Horebtanárúr)

DEZSÔ SZOMORY PAST AND FUTURE’S CLASSICS thing out. thing some- leave he lest anxious, choices, boundless his present to able each pushing be not he might profusion, afraid were creator as if their way, the of out other in other each on in crowd they as admira- tion of shout a with images, of bulks huge adjectives, images, the holds reader infaculties thrall. At everyexpressive turn I amhis geared of for another surprise.cornucopia I greet extravagant This language. of terial ma- the through something of trans-substantiation the something, the in words sentence.of Concrete writing over the succession abstract, the the not-speaking about of vibration the adjectives, the of shade affective the tonality, the music, the through materialize to expression for striving thing the wants he rather, symbols; ceptual not communicate the substance within with recourse to shared con- is contained in his consciousness before the sentence is born. He does – rhythm original and attributes visceral its all with along – that He surprises. complex archetypal some but ideas thousand communicate to wish not a does promises it remove), great a at often is (which end to beginning From logical. not is sentence Szomory A same, I’d still underwrite it. himself. I couldn’t agree with him more. Were he to say more of the am also moved by the fact that at every turn he adulates and idolizes I art. on centered is worldview his that admits author their because honest are spectacular.They andtouching most his areconfessions lectual, a refined soul; Szomory is visceral, more like a poet. intel- more is Proust manic. the on verges himself express to need His Proust. like very It’s honey. the all out sucks avidly, fervently, His method? He thrusts himself at a memory, forces his way in, then book, his in says Szomory world,” the into born is born everyone “Not And what impressive familiarity with the secret of writing! These writing! of secret the with familiarity impressive what And Professor Horeb (Horeb tanár úr). Dezsô Kosztolányi, 1927 ádrMri 1929 Sándor Márai, Imre Kertész, 2006 na zr,1929 Antal Szerb, GÉZA RÓHEIM ADAM’S DREAM ges translated Hungarian scientist. However, after 1945 besides the besides 1945 after However, scientist. Hungarian translated ges About the book choanalysis and psychoanalytical anthropology. with psychoanalytical approach. He was the founder of ethnopsy- of founder the was He approach. psychoanalytical with folk-culture. In his writings he interpreted the authentic the folkof stratas material historical the revealing for strived He questions. very 1925) was widened to the universal ethnological examination Bp., népszokások, ofés néphit these(Magyar people Hungarian of customs and believes the of topic the from out starting work searching His in New York. In 1947 he did praxis private hisbegan he research1939 in Worcester, of Hospital State betweenthe at the Nawajo Indians. of Arizona for collecting ethnographicIndians Juma material.the to and Melanesia Mid-Australia, French-Somalia, In 1938–39 he worked In 1921 he won the Sigmund Freud Prize. In 1928–31 he travelled to Museum. Ethnological Hungarian the of Department Ethnological the at worked He Budapest. in geography in degree doctorate won psychoanalysis at the universities in Lipcse and Berlin, in 1914 he 1914 in Berlin, with and Lipcse in acquainted universities got the at He psychoanalysis psychoanalyst. ethnologist, 1953): 06. 7. About the author: the About SELECTION FROM THEWRITINGS OFGÉZA RÓHEIM ADAM’S DREAM Géza Róheim : Róheim is the second most read and to most langua- Géza Róheim (Budapest, 12. 09. 1891 09. 12. (Budapest, Róheim Géza – New York, New

GÉZA RÓHEIM ADAM’S DREAM reprint of his popular ethnographic work ( Translators: Editor: Hárs György Péter Size: ence. also a redemption of an old dept for the history of theis it HungarianMoreover, literature. and teology sci-philosophy, ethnology, logy, anthropo- psychoanalysis, psychology, of field the in lecturers and students the of but general, in intellectuals the of only not interest Target audience, hoped use Mondmythologie und Mondreligion. Eine Psychoanalytische Studie Animism, Magic and the Divine King (a selection) The Garden of Eden Ethnologie und Völkerpsychologie The Tragedy of Man The Panic of the Gods (a selection) Psychoanalysis and Anthropology Contents: one of the studies of Róheim: from is book the of title (The volume. the in emphasis special get and on the divine king. The studies on Jewish religion and writingsmythology on the origin and function of culture, on animism, on magic which have never been published in Hungarian; first of all from the new book is a selection from his planned Thelanguage. Hungarian in published volumes threestudies only written in English and German, 20 sheets Friedrich Melinda, Friedrich Tímea, György Péter Hárs : The planned Róheim book may rely on the The Panic of the Gods.) A csurunga népe ) there were JÁNOS KÔBÁNYAI THE SPIRIT OF ISRAEL TODAY And the volume could also recall two of my earlier works – Spirit Today nists, protago- recalls another earlier common interview collection of several mine – its in and title its in both volume, This Interviews byJános Kôbányai THE SPIRIT OFISRAEL TODAY out the dialogues it is Israeli-Arab relations as well as the contem- the as well as relations Israeli-Arab is it dialogues the out out instead and it’s consequences can be felt even today. Through- and the resultant expectation of miracles, but with the intifada breaking The history begins in 2000 with the second anniversary of the peace narrative of the present work. tached precisely to the same decade of events in Israel as that of the Decade conducted in Hebrew, which in comparison the withjournal the previous volume, of behalf on 2010 and 2001 between prepared were interviews The the leitmotiv of the work. plation of global perspectives from such a unique place that became provided the opportunity for more in-depth discussions. and and Múlt és Jövô The Jerusalem Millenium Jerusalem The –, published in 1999. – apart from those with Hungarians, all were , because the interviews are at- are interviews the because , The Jerusalem The Jewish

JÁNOS KÔBÁNYAI THE SPIRIT OF ISRAEL TODAY they formulated for problems that are of concern to the whole destinyworld? the local intellectual life must do battle. What answers have of questions of sorts what with illustrate to representatives, ranking high its from life intellectual Israeli of account first-hand credible a get should we that importance paramount of is it – described be In today’s historical situation in Hungary – and this hardly needs to Menashe Kadishmann, world-renowned sculptor and painter. Patai), József of granddaughter (and ethnomusicology of professor from Hungarian into Hebrew, Mira Zakai, world-famous singer and translator rate first only the and poet Jaoz-Keszt, Itamar musician, the with deal to Hajdu, André writer, Jehosua, B. A. literature, Holocaust of subject scholars first the of one Ezrahi, DeKoven Sidra on the occasion of his friend Imre Kertész receiving the Nobel Prize), writer (his theme is the Holocaust; the interview took place in 2002, The interviewees are Slomo Avineri, social scientist, Aharon Appelfeld, sentative of this ancient-new culture. repre- them made has that emerged talents their background what artists and scientists, learned how their careers developed, and from And in addition, we also got acquainted with interesting portraits of unfolding before our eyes. culture pulsating highly old-new this into infused or brought might have experience Hungarian the what investigated pointedly We tions, and sought to establish some sort of synthesis. with our interviewees we examined the problems, searched for solu- with began which decade a dreams but ended up in bloody waves of terror escalatingferment), into wars; in now old, century a half decade in Israeli and Jewish culture (one ancient and the other barely The interview questions are built up on the framework of a historical ÁGNES HELLER THE HISTORICAL NOVEL TODAY body of novels which came into existence in the wake of, and in and of, wake the in existence into came which novels of body study for drawing conclusions and set up a new system is the huge the is system new a up set and conclusionsdrawing for study that is the question Heller asks. The material from whichthis timely since?— places taken have Weltanschauung in changes and damage experiences of the Holocaust and the Gulag? What sort of structural Howareoff. historical novels written nowadays in the waake theof Lukács, Georg master, her of works translated) most (and celebrated most In her latest book Ágnes Heller picks up at a point where, one of the THE HISTORICAL NOVEL TODAY Ágnes Heller dor of the Renaissance, the birth of capitalism— and analyses of in of analyses and capitalism— of birth the Renaissance, the of dor splen- brief the Empire, Roman the of fall and decline history—the the Rose, 1983). Reflections of the epoch-making changes in human rosa della nome Il novel, first 1980 Eco’s Umberto of, model the on respects many time to spare) observers. have we (if and contemporaries are we which of present historical a of world the world: particular a novels (detective) historical new essay, a monograph, and a personal testament. with Ágnes Heller’s previous oeuvre and can be read as a broad-ranging The Historical Novel Today The Historical Novel Historical The , appeared in many other languages The Name of Name The languages other many in appeared , of 1937 (English translation 1962), left 1962), translation (English 1937 of is an integral part along several strands

ÁGNES HELLER THE HISTORICAL NOVEL TODAY Zimler, Richard: Spiró, György: Sierra, Javier: unravel from the tissue of the novelunravel (and recognise) themselves. to order in characters the and writer the with dilogue a into enter who pose questions to themselves while reading; that is to say, they 21st the at the end into of the Gutenbergover galaxy, not just leads for amusement that but those work century, but a it is also addressed to philosophy, anyone who and read historical novels, literature Rey, Pascale: Harris Robert: Dübell, Richard: Dunant, Sara: Cannon, James: Blake, Richard: IN THE WORKS DISCUSSED BY ÁGNES HELLER Prange, Peter: Pears, Iain: Pearl, Matthew: (2009) Monaldi, Rita –Sorti, Francesco: Lohner, Alexander: ruption Liss, David: Kalogridis, Jeanne: (2004); Last Seen in Massilia in Seen [Last Rubicon A Murder on the Appian Way The Venus Throw Saylor, Steven: The book should be seen as compulsory reading for students of students for reading compulsory as seen be should book The (2004) HISTORICAL NOVEL TODAY The Triumph of Caesar (1999); and An Instance of the Fingerpost A Conspiracy of Paper Le Maître des boussoles The Secret Supper Die Philosophin The Birth of Venus Pompeii Fogság Conspiracies of Rome The Dante Club Apostle Paul The Last Kabbalist of Lisbon Eine Messe für die Medici Roma Sub Rosa I, Mona Lisa (1995) [not short Die Jüdin von Trient (‘The Jewess of Trient’, 2004) [‘Captivity’](2005) The Triumph of Caesar (2003); (2000); (2005) (2003; English translation: (2004) Imperium (2008) (2003); (1996) Imprimatura (2006) (2004) (2008)]. A Mist of Prophecies of A Mist -cycle: (2000); (‘The Master of the Compasses’, 2004) (2008) - story collection (1997); The Poe Shadow Roman Blood The Coffee Trader (‘A Mass for the Medicis’, 2002) (2000) (2002); English translation: (2008) out of the succeeding four titles The Dream of Scipio (2002) (2002); The House of the Vestals (1991); (2007) The Philosopher’s Kiss, 2011) (2003); Catilina’s Riddle The Judgment of Caesar of Judgment The A Spectacle of Cor- Imprimatur, (1997)]; (1993) ÁGNES HELLER IMRE KERTÉSZ – FOUR FRAGMENTS philosophy. before: that is why she chose ethics as her speciality in the field of field the in speciality her as ethics chose she why is that before: holocaust have happened? How did men, and European culture, reach the European impasse and of Auschwitz?men, did As she How has admittedhappened? more have than once holocaust career haveher been throughout dominated efforts by theHeller’s centralwhy is questionThat world. of howwider couldthe that, the holocaust and find their way in the culture of Hungary and, through stratum: the Hungarian Jewish intelligentsia who had to construct to had who intelligentsia Jewish Hungarian the stratum: as well as mentally. Indeed, she is part of the very same sociological She herself is a survivor of the holocaust—in real-life, existential terms love. true, priceless come does not adequately express Ágnes Heller’s admiration and thoughts stray stranger being of metaphor simple a however, 2002, October Since though! Many Prize. Nobel a worth their personality, their whole life’s work, from their experience of the somewhat facetiously, that a reception of that quality in itself was itself in quality that of reception a that facetiously, somewhat ture’, and she agreed the thought did run through the editor’s head, Cul- as Holocaust ‘The on essay his and writer, Hungarian known for write to 1994, in asked, first was philosopher, renowned the Heller, Ágnes When FOURFRAGMENTS IMRE KERTÉSZ– Ágnes Heller Múlt és Jövô és Múlt about Imre Kertész, then still a little a still then Kertész, Imre about

ÁGNES HELLER IMRE KERTÉSZ – FOUR FRAGMENTS Published in honour of Imre Kertész’s 8oth birthday that with deal to seeks who trauma in life—in the ordinary daily life as well as in art. anyone to open are that behaviour represents. In doing so, she lists and examines the possible modes of she summarises his life in the light of the trauma that the holocaust German three years ago, in 2006. But not yet in English translation— ical “fiction” English as novel first Kertész’s of analysis (ethical) philosophic and aesthetic major her to given also is space culture, In this issue, apart from a disquisition of hers boy the holocaust as written and said about Imre Kertész over what is now two decades. has she what encapsulates also ago, months few a birthday 80th her celebrated also incidentally who Heller, Ágnes With that essay. and her response to a shared age and set of problems, lectual on Earth. intel- first the arguably and man, true the Lot, 1948: in back about ideal opportunity to write about a figure whom she firstan sees finally she thoughtand birthday, 80th his a nears he lotas death and life response to it, in which own she ruminatesher of on Kertész’s sensitive eternal a themesthis of to on tacked has Heller Ágnes publish. , so to say—that he has graciously permitted graciously has he say—that to so Inn’, Last novel, latest Kertész’s Imre from excerpt first very the by given was issue special this for pretext immediate The and reflecting on his art and thoughts. partner in spreading the acceptance a andproductive and appreciationready so was ofshe why Imreexplain also Kertész,well may That Fatelessness). In her reflections on Kertész’s autobiograph- K. dosszié (The File on K”)—published in Hungarian and Sorstalanság A végsô kocsma — The — kocsma végsô A Múlt és Jövô és Múlt (published in (published to ÁGNES HELLER THE HISTORY OF MY PHILOSOPHY thought. would dare to question the exceptional authenticity of someone of whose viewpoint andauthenticity reflections stand closest exceptional to the workthe discussed? Who question own. to her dare be to would happens that life a – life a of product work immense the philosophy, of historian a and explorer an as pounds, ple. In this book, published on occasion of her 80th birthday, she ex- Ágnes Heller does not leave anything up to chance, nor to other peo- THE HISTORY OFMY PHILOSOPHY Ágnes Heller of any biographical facts and revolves solely around the evolution of devoid is that novel a novel; philosophical a is this words, other In influenced her through their work or person. Arendt, Foucault, Derrida, Habermas, Rorty, and many others, who It speaks volumes of Ágnes Heller’s boldness as a thinker that she that thinker a as boldness Heller’s Ágnes of volumes speaks It The book is also a story of the great figuresalthough in a way ofeven the philosophy,wrong paths turned out to lead forward.) like Hannah of her articles and books proved not stand the test of such scrutiny; the current value of her own work with unyielding rigor. (And many with critical attitude. This and statedistance, a of from detachmentwork own her allowedre-live and her re-read toto appraisemanaged

ÁGNES HELLER THE HISTORY OF MY PHILOSOPHY 120 years! for live she that and – this for health and luck good her wish We life. her of stage forthcoming the of directions and themes the of free to rejoice in her brilliant talents. Already present here is was a gleam she now construction, great the of burden the from Liberated excursions into the field of intellectual literary theory manifold and “biblicalHeller’s philosophy”.Ms. of stock takes present, very our to up leading and construction (ethical) and philosophical great of last The chapter, “YearsEurope. of Wandering”, coveringCentral-Eastern “velvet the period the followingthrough theof era sweeping success the revolutions” to contributed philosophy and ology series of books making use of the methods of political science, soci- active intervention into the course of events by the publication of a Their regimes. husband, leftist all of her critique powerful a and gave – Fehér – Ferenc she Socialism, of experience hand first their on based meantime, the In thinking. of evolution the and readings her including stage, that until her to happened had that all struct” or blessed – to work in complete solitude in her attempt to “decon- – cursed was she when time a shape, took regimephilosophical her whichduringperiod Intervention”,the andConstruction of “Years the by followed is This school. (Lukács) Budapesti the of collective the in work joint with spent Dialogue” George of “Years the Then maestro, Lukács. great the of workshop the in – skills natural her ration“, during which the protagonist discovers and first puts to test each relating the story ofa 15-year period. First, the years of“matu- This“Novel of Education” comprises of four chapters –or pillars –; JÁNOS KÔBÁNYAI THE HISTORY OF HUNGARIAN-JEWISH LITERATURE but to be, first and foremost, a social history. It follows the path of interrupted the venture.) The resulting monograph has no choice but his forced deportment to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (Komlós started writing his work in the shadow of Holocaust, garian-Jewish literature and recounting its barely century-old history. Hungarian literature—the author has set about both redefining Hun- the footsteps of Aladár Komlós (1892–1980)—a great historian In FROM FLOWERING TO BEING PLOUGHED UNDER János Kôbányai LITERATURE THE HISTORY OF HUNGARIAN-JEWISH ating in the PhD program of Hebrew University Jerusalem. mented by the knowledge and methodology gained while particip resurfacing from there with treasures to be saved. That is supple- the Atlantis which is Hungarian Jewish literature, and each time and, like a teacher stepping out before his students, in dipping into the periodical (and later also book publisher) establishing nearly quarter of a century experience that he has acquired in novators have been ploughed out of the soil Hungarian culture. garian culture, the results of which have been enduring even if its in- of ‘unpicking and reweaving’ to explore the modernisation Hun- ion’ advocated by Jacques Derrida, the book employs method mencement of Hungarian modernism. Instead the ‘de intellectual domain coincided organically with the com- Hungary’s history of Hungarian modernism in as the entry Jews into last, but at the post-ultimate moment. The survey is thereby also a ‘blood transfusion’ to take a metaphor of poet Endre Ady. Not the or canon. In short, a revaluation of Hungarian-Jewish co-existence — as well corrections which are needed to Hungary’s overall literary sums them up, and proposes rediscoveries that should be undertaken recounts the interactions there have been between Jews and on-Jews, and aims to be that of the Hungarian people in general. After all, it the history of a particular ethnic group, but it was both conceived as bibliography and index, the work cannot does not claim to be with an academic monograph’s full apparatus of footnotes, Supplied identity and therefore the most profound mirror of process. through the sensitive medium of literature, keenest measure right through to the failure of great experiment – that being done in the way of their assimilation or integration into Hungarian society Jews who elected to become Hungarian through the obstacles placed narrative by its ‘graphic novel’ of 250 pictures. The In this comprehensive work, János Kôbányai has unified very History of Hungarian-Jewish Literature is roundeded out as a Múlt és Jövô construct- -

JÁNOS KÔBÁNYAI THE HISTORY OF HUNGARIAN-JEWISH LITERATURE ÁGNES HELLER THE PHILOSOPHY OF DREAM the great psychologists Freud, Jung, and a critical perspective) the discovery of problem in works from cendental imagination. The hermeneutics chapter discusses (also dreaming self and the dream self; main role played by trans of time and space experience; the difference between absence the and the unconscious; absence of principles logic, ogy chapter discusses dream logic, the relation between consciousness the phenomenology and hermeneutics of dreams. The phenomenol- territory. as yet unexplored philosopher, Ágnes Heller, enters what is renowned the philosophy of dream. A new book by almost none on of books have been written on the psychology dreams, but Tons THE PHILOSOPHY OF DREAM Ágnes Heller The first part elaborates the philosophy of dream in general: both Dasein analysts. - and cultural experiences. ters down into the unconscious from conscious personal, historical, of dreams fil- of the first part, namely that material hypotheses The case studies confirm inter alia one of the philosophical Bible”, “Dreams and visions in Shakespeare” “Dream protocols”, The second part includes case studies: “Dreams and visions in the

ÁGNES HELLER THE PHILOSOPHY OF DREAM