DOCSLIB.ORG

Alaris Capture Pro Software

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alaris Capture Pro Software ............ .. CONTENTS Units Page No. Chapter 1: Pre-Historic and Earty Ancient India I. Prehistoric Cultures in India 03 II. Indus Valley Civilization 30 III. Megalithic Cultures 39 IV. Aryan and Vedic Period 46 Chapter 2: Ancient India I. The Mauryan Empire 68 II. Post Mauryan India (B,C.200-A.D. 300) 84 III. The Guptas and their Successors 110 IV. Early Medieval India : Major Dynasties 122 Chapter 3 : Medieval India I. Cultural Trend and Religious Conditions (750 AD to 1200 AD) 138 II. 13'^ and 14‘^ Centuries 154 III. 15‘" and 16'^ Centuries 173 IV. The Mughal Empire (1556 -1707) 194 Chapter 4: Later Medieval to British Era I. Decline of Mughal Empire (1707-1761) 211 II. British Expansion 222 III. Economic Impact of British Raj 233 IV. Cultural Encounter and Social Changes 245 SYLLABUS MH-414 M.A. History 1st Year Indian Hjstory 1st (up to 1857) Chapter-1 UNIT-1: Prehistoric Cultures in India: Sources: Archaeological and Indigenous to study of Early Indian History, Prehistory and Proto history: Geographical factors, hunting and gathering (Paleolithic and Mesolithic); Beginning of the agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic). UNIT-II: Indus Valiev Civilization: The Mature phase: Origin, date, extent, characteristics, decline, survival and significance, art and architecture. UNIT-III: Meoalithic Cultures: Distribution of pastoral and farming culture outside the Indus region, development of community life, settlements, development of agriculture, crafts, pottery and Iron industry. UNIT-IV: Aryans and Vedic Periods: The vedic texts; change from the Rigvedic period to later Vedic period; Religion, Upnishadic thought, Political and social organization. State formation and urbanization from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism. Evolution of monarchy and Varna system. Chapter-2 UNIT-I: The Maurvan Empire:, Chandragupta, Meghasthenees, Ashoka and his inscriptions, his', dharina, administration, culture and art, The Arthasastra. , ' UNIT-II: Post Maurvan India. B.C.200-A.D. 300: Society: Evolution of Jatis, The Salvahanas and state formation in Peninsula, Sangam texts , and society, Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushans, Kanishka, Contacts with the outside world. Religion: Saivism, Bhagavatism, Minyana and Mahayana Buddhism, Culture and Art. .. UNIT-III: The Guptas and their Successors: Changes in political organization of empire, Economy and Society, Literature and Science Arts. UNIT-IV: Early Medieval India: Major Dynasties: The Chola empire, Agrarian and political structures, The Rajapurtras, Extent of social mobility, Position of womenrThe ara'bs in Sindh and in the Ghaznavides. Chapter -3 UNIT-t: Cultural Trend. Religious Conditions (750AD-120QAD: Importance of temples and monastic institutions. Sankaracharya; Islam, Sufism, Literature and Science. Alberuim’s "India", Art and Architecture. UNIT-lf: and Centuries; Ghorian invasions causes and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the “slave” rulers Alauddin Khaiji; conquests; administerive; agrarian and economic measure, Muhammad Tughlaq’s innovations, Firoz Tughlaq and the decline of the 'Delhi Sultanate, Growth of Commerce and Urbanization, Mustic movements in Hinduism and Islam, Literature, Architecture, Technologies changes. UNIT-III: 15^ and 16'^ Centuries: Major provincial dynasties; Vijaynagar empire, The hoolis, first phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun, The Suri empire and administration, The Portuguese. Monastic movement: Kabir, Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti, Growth of regional literatures. Port and Culture. - 4 UNiT>IV: The Muahal Empire (1556-1707) Akbar: conquests, administrative measures, Jagir and Mansab system; policy of Sulh-l-hul, Jahangir, Shahjahan and Auranggeb: Expansion in the Sevan: religious policies, Shivaji, Culture: Persian and regional literatures, Religious thoughts;. Abul Fazal; Maharashtra dharma. Painting, Architecture. Economy: conditions of peasant and artisans grov/th in<trade;. commerce with Europe, Social stratification and status of women. Chapter-4 UNIT-I: Decline of Muahal Empire (1707-61) • Causes behind decline. Maratha power under peshwa. Regional states. The afghans major elements of composite culture, Sawai Jai Singh, astronomers. Rise of Urdu language. UNIT«tl: British Expansion: The Carnatic wars, conquest of Bengal, Mysore and its resistance to British expansion; The three Anglo Maratha wars, Early structure of British raj regulating (1773) and Pitti's India Act (1784). I UNIT-III: Economic Impact of British Rai: Drain of wealth (Tribute): Land revenue settlements (Zamindari, ryotwari, Mahalwari); Deindustrialization; Railways and commercialization of agriculture. Growth of landlers labour, UNIT-IV: Cultural Encounter and Social Changes: introduction of western education, India Renaissance, social and religious reform movements, growth of Indian middle class. The press and its impact; rise of modem literature in Indian languages. Social reform.measures before 1857. Pre-Historic and Early CHAPTER- 1 Ancient India PRE-HISTORIC AND EARLY NOTES ANCIENT INDIA STRUCTURE i 1.1 Learning Objectives 1.2 Introduction 1.3 Sources of Ancient History: Archaeological and Indigenous — Inscriptions — Archaeology 1.4 Approaches to Study of Early Indian History 1.5 Geographical Factors Behind Prehistoric Settlements 1.6 Paleolithic Age 1.7 Mesolithic Age 1.8 Neolithic Age 1.9 Chalcolithic Age 1.10 Beginning of Agriculture 1.11 Origin and Extent of Indus Valley Civilization — Geographical Distribution 1.12 Mature Harappan and Characteristics 1.13 Declination of Indus Valley Civilization 1.14 Origin of Megalithic Culture 1.15 Distribution of Pastoral and Farming Culture Outside the Indus Region 1.16 Megalithic Community 1.17 Iron Industry 1.18 The Vedic Text 1.19 Change from Rig Vedic Period to Later Vedic Period 1.20 Political and Social Organization 1.21 State Formation and Mahajanapadas 1.22 The. Nanda Dynasty 1.23 Buddhism and Jainism 1.24 Origin and Spread of Jainism 1.25 Factors for the Spread of Buddhism 1.26 Evolution of Monarchy and Varna System 1.27 Summary 1.28 Review Questions 1.29 Further Readings Self-Instructional Material 1 0 Indian History— I" 1.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES f'Upio-1857) After going through this chapter, students will be able to: • discuss the archaeological and indigenous sources of Ancient Indian NOTES History; • describe the origin and geographical factors of Pre-history and Proto-history civilization; • understand the origin, characteristics, art and- culture of Indus Valley Civilization; • state the various aspects of Megalithic Cultures; • discuss the arrival of Aryans and Vedic Civilization. 1.2 INTRODUCTION Human colonization in India encompasses a span of at least half-a-million years and is divided into two broad periods, namely the prehistoric (before the emergence of writing) and the historic (after writing). The prehistoric period is divided into stone, bronze and iron ages. The stone age is further divided into palaeolithic, mesolithic and neolithic periods. As the name suggests, the technology in these periods was primarily based on stone. Economically, the palaeolithic and mesolithic periods represented a nomadic, hunting-gathering way of life, while the neolithic period represented a settled, food-producing way of life. Subsequently copper was introduced as a new material and this period was designated as the chalcolithic period. The invention of agriculture, which took place about 8000 years ago, brought about dramatic changes in the economy, technology and demography of human societies. Human habitat in the hunting-gathering stage was essentially on hilly, rocky and forested, regions, which had ample wild plant and animal food resources. The introduction of agriculture saw it shifting to the alluvial plains which had fertile soil and perennial availability of water. Hills and forests, which had so far been areas of atlTaction, now turned into areas of isolation. Agriculture.|ed to the emergence of villages and towns and brought with it the division of society into occupational groups. The first urbanization took place during the bronze age in the arid and semi-arid region of northwest India in the valleys of the Indus and the Saraswati rivers, the latter represented by the now dry Ghaggar-Hakra bed. This urbanization is known as the Indus or Harappan civilization which flourished during 3500-1500 B.C. The rest of India during this period was inhabited by neolithic and chalcolithic farmers and mesolithic hunter- gatherers. With the introduction of iron technology about 3000 years ago, the focus of development shifted eastward into the Indo-Gangetic divide and the Ganga valley. The location of the Mahabharata epic, which is set in the beginning of the first millennium B.C., is the Indo-Gangetic divide and the upper Ganga-Yamuna doab (land between two rivers). Iron technology enabled pioneering farmers to clear the dense and tangled forests of,the middle and lower Ganga plains. The focus of development now shifted further eastward to eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar which witnessed the events of the Ramayana epic and rise of the first political entities known as Mahajanapadas as also of Buddhism and Jainism. 2 Self-Instructional Material The second phase of urbanization of India, marked by trade, coinage, script and Pre-tfistoric and Early birth of the first Indian empire, namely Magadha, with its capital at Pataliputra Ancient India (modern Patna) also took place in this region in the sixth century B.C. The imposition by Brahmin priests
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medieval History
    CONTENTS MEDIEVAL HISTORY 1. MAJOR DYNASTIES (EARLY ....... 01-22 2. EARLY MUSLIM INVASIONS ........23-26 MEDIEVAL INDIA 750-1200 AD) 2.1 Early Muslim Invasions ..................24 1.1 Major Dynasties of North ...............02 The Arab Conquest of Sindh ............... 24 India (750-1200 Ad) Mahmud of Ghazni ............................ 24 Introduction .......................................2 Muhammad Ghori ............................. 25 The Tripartite Struggle ........................2 th th The Pratiharas (8 to 10 Century) ........3 3. THE DELHI SULTANATE ................27-52 th th The Palas (8 to 11 Century) ...............4 (1206-1526 AD) The Rashtrakutas (9th to 10th Century) ....5 The Senas (11th to 12th Century) ............5 3.1 The Delhi Sultanate ......................28 The Rajaputa’s Origin ..........................6 Introduction ..................................... 28 Chandellas ........................................6 Slave/Mamluk Dynasty (Ilbari ............ 28 Chahamanas ......................................7 Turks)(1206-1526 AD) Gahadvalas ........................................8 The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD) ..... 32 Indian Feudalism ................................9 The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414 AD) .. 34 Administration in Northern India ........ 09 The Sayyid Dynasty ........................... 38 between 8th to 12th Century Lodi Dynasty .................................... 38 Nature of Society .............................. 11 Challenges Faced by the Sultanate ...... 39 Rise
    [Show full text]
  • Note to Users
    NOTE TO USERS Page(s) missing in number only; text follows. Page(s) were scanned as received. 96 This reproduction is the best copy available. ® UMI The Goddess and Her Powers: The Tantric Identities of the Saundarya Lahar; Meera Kachroo Faculty of Religious Studies McGill University, Montreal June 2005 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts ©Meera Kachroo 2005 Library and Bibliothèque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-22601-8 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-22601-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Demetrius Poliorcetes and the Hellenic League
    DEMETRIUSPOLIORCETES AND THE HELLENIC LEAGUE (PLATE 33) 1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND D JURING the six years, 307/6-302/1 B.C., issues were raised and settled which shaped the course of western history for a long time to come. The epoch was alike critical for Athens, Hellas, and the Macedonians. The Macedonians faced squarely during this period the decision whether their world was to be one world or an aggregate of separate kingdoms with conflicting interests, and ill-defined boundaries, preserved by a precarious balance of power and incapable of common action against uprisings of Greek and oriental subjects and the plundering appetites of surrounding barbarians. The champion of unity was King Antigonus the One- Eyed, and his chief lieutenant his brilliant but unstatesmanlike son, King Demetrius the Taker of Cities, a master of siege operations and of naval construction and tactics, more skilled in organizing the land-instruments of warfare than in using them on the battle field. The final campaign between the champions of Macedonian unity and disunity opened in 307 with the liberation of Athens by Demetrius and ended in 301 B.C. with the Battle of the Kings, when Antigonus died in a hail of javelins and Demetrius' cavalry failed to penetrate a corps of 500 Indian elephants in a vain effort to rescue hinm. Of his four adversaries King Lysimachus and King Kassander left no successors; the other two, Kings Ptolemy of Egypt and Seleucus of Syria, were more fortunate, and they and Demetrius' able son, Antigonus Gonatas, planted the three dynasties with whom the Romans dealt and whom they successively destroyed in wars spread over 44 years.
    [Show full text]
  • English, Telugu, Tamil, Urdu Students Who Pass 10Th Standard
    Kolar District Human Development Report, 2014 Zilla Panchayat, Kolar And Planning, Programme Monitoring and Statistics Department, Government of Karnataka District Human Development Report (Kolar) Copyright : Planning, Programme Monitoring and Statistics Department, Government of Karnataka Published by : Zilla Panchayat Kolar, Government of Karnataka First Published : 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form by any means without the prior permission by Zilla Panchayat and Planning, Programme Monitoring and Statistics Department, Government of Karnataka Printed by : (Sri Raghavendra Art Printers, Kolar) While every care has been taken to reproduce the accurate data, oversights/errors may occur. If found convey it to the CEO, Zilla Panchayat Kolar and Planning, Programme Monitoring and Statis- tics Department, Government of Karnataka Kolar District Human Development Report Core Committee Chief Execuvtive Officer, Kolar Zilla Panchayath - Chairman Chief Planning Officer, Kolar Zilla Panchayath - Member Secretary Executive Director, GRAAM - Member Research Head, GRAAM - Member Deputy Secretary, Kolar Zilla Panchayath - Member District Statistical Officer - Member Deputy Director of Public Instruction - Member District Health and Familly Welfare Officer - Member District Social Welfare Officer - Member Deputy Director, Women and Child Welfare - Member Joint Director of Agriculture - Member District Officer, Food and Civil Supplies - Member Assistant Director, Social Security, Revenue department - Member VIDHANA SOUDHA BANGALORE-560 001 CM/PS/234/2014 Date: 27-10-2014 SIDDARAMAIAH MESSAGE CHIEF MINISTER I am delighted to learn that the department of planning programme Monitoring and statistics is bringing out District Human Development Reports for all the 30 districts of the State, simultaneously. Karnataka is consistently striving to improve human development parameters in education, nutrition and health through many initiatives and well-conceived programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ultimate Dimension of Life’ During His(RA) Lifetime
    ABOUT THE BOOK This book unveils the glory and marvellous reality of a spiritual and ascetic personality who followed a rare Sufi Order called ‘Malamatia’ (The Carrier of Blame). Being his(RA) chosen Waris and an ardent follower, the learned and blessed author of the book has narrated the sacred life style and concern of this exalted Sufi in such a profound style that a reader gets immersed in the mystic realities of spiritual life. This book reflects the true essence of the message of Islam and underscores the need for imbibing within us, a humane attitude of peace, amity, humility, compassion, characterized by selfless THE ULTIMATE and passionate love for the suffering humanity; disregarding all prejudices DIMENSION OF LIFE and bias relating to caste, creed, An English translation of the book ‘Qurb-e-Haq’ written on the colour, nationality or religion. Surely, ascetic life and spiritual contemplations of Hazrat Makhdoom the readers would get enlightened on Syed Safdar Ali Bukhari (RA), popularly known as Qalandar the purpose of creation of the Pak Baba Bukhari Kakian Wali Sarkar. His(RA) most devout mankind by The God Almighty, and follower Mr Syed Shakir Uzair who was fondly called by which had been the point of focus and Qalandar Pak(RA) as ‘Syed Baba’ has authored the book. He has been an all-time enthusiast and zealous adorer of Qalandar objective of the Holy Prophet Pak(RA), as well as an accomplished and acclaimed senior Muhammad PBUH. It touches the Producer & Director of PTV. In his illustrious career spanning most pertinent subject in the current over four decades, he produced and directed many famous PTV times marred by hatred, greed, lust, Plays, Drama Serials and Programs including the breathtaking despondency, affliction, destruction, and amazing program ‘Al-Rehman’ and the magnificient ‘Qaseeda Burda Sharif’.
    [Show full text]
  • Essentials of Hindutva.Pdf
    Hindutva SwatantryaVeer V.D. Savarkar Essentials of Hindutva Swatantryaveer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883 – 1966) What is in a name? We hope that the fair Maid of Verona who made the impassioned appeal to her lover to change 'a name that was 'nor hand, nor foot, nor arm, nor face, nor any other part belonging to a man' would forgive us for this our idolatrous attachment to it when we make bold to assert that, 'Hindus we are and love to remain so!' We too would, had we been in the position of that good Friar, have advised her youthful lover to yield to the pleasing pressure of the logic which so fondly urged 'What's in a name? That which we call a rose would smell as sweet by any other name!' For, things do matter more than their names, especially when you have to choose one only of the two, or when the association between them is either new or simple. The very fact that a thing is indicated by a dozen names in a dozen human tongues disarms the suspicion that there is an invariable connection or natural connection or natural concomitance between sound and the meaning it conveys. Yet, as the association of the word with the thing is signifies grows stronger and lasts long, so does the channel which connects the two states of consciousness tend to allow an easy flow of thoughts from one to the other, till at last it seems almost impossible to separate them. And when in addition to this a number of secondary thoughts or feelings that are generally roused by the thing get mystically entwined with the word that signifies it, the name seems to matter as much as the thing itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Περίληψη : Antigonus Monophthalmus (382-301 BC) Was a General of Alexander the Great, the Most Important of the Successors and Founder of the Antigonid Dynasty
    IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Παναγοπούλου Κατερίνα Μετάφραση : Καλογεροπούλου Γεωργία , Καριώρης Παναγιώτης Για παραπομπή : Παναγοπούλου Κατερίνα , "Antigonus I Monophthalmus (One- Eyed)", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=7285> Περίληψη : Antigonus Monophthalmus (382-301 BC) was a general of Alexander the Great, the most important of the successors and founder of the Antigonid dynasty. He was the governor of Phrygia and possibly Lydia in Asia Minor. He was appointed ruler of Asia Minor for a short period of time (311 BC) and he was the first of the Diadochoi to assume the royal title along with his son Demetrius I (306 BC). He was killed in the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC. Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης 382 BC, Macedonia Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου 301 BC, Ipsus Κύρια Ιδιότητα General of Alexander the Great, King 1. Family-Education-Early Years Contemporary to the Macedonian kings Phillip II (359-336 BC) and Alexander the Great (336-323 BC), like all the Diadochoi, Antigonus Monophtphalmus was born in 382 BC and lost his life in the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC.1 His father was called Philip2 and he had three brothers, but only the names of the two are known (Demetrius, Ptolemy).3 His family belonged to the Macedonian aristocracy and he was raised in the wider area of Pella, the capital of Macedonia.4 Hence, he was very well educated and had studied Euripides, Homer, tragic and lyric poetry, rhetoric and philosophy.5 His father lost his life during the defeat of the Macedonian army by the Illyrian invaders, which left Macedonia without a king in 359 BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscaping India: from Colony to Postcolony
    Syracuse University SURFACE English - Dissertations College of Arts and Sciences 8-2013 Landscaping India: From Colony to Postcolony Sandeep Banerjee Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/eng_etd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Geography Commons, and the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Banerjee, Sandeep, "Landscaping India: From Colony to Postcolony" (2013). English - Dissertations. 65. https://surface.syr.edu/eng_etd/65 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts and Sciences at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in English - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT Landscaping India investigates the use of landscapes in colonial and anti-colonial representations of India from the mid-nineteenth to the early-twentieth centuries. It examines literary and cultural texts in addition to, and along with, “non-literary” documents such as departmental and census reports published by the British Indian government, popular geography texts and text-books, travel guides, private journals, and newspaper reportage to develop a wider interpretative context for literary and cultural analysis of colonialism in South Asia. Drawing of materialist theorizations of “landscape” developed in the disciplines of geography, literary and cultural studies, and art history, Landscaping India examines the colonial landscape as a product of colonial hegemony, as well as a process of constructing, maintaining and challenging it. In so doing, it illuminates the conditions of possibility for, and the historico-geographical processes that structure, the production of the Indian nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronologica Dictionary of Sind Chronologial Dictionary of Sind
    CHRONOLOGICA DICTIONARY OF SIND CHRONOLOGIAL DICTIONARY OF SIND (From Geological Times to 1539 A.D.) By M. H. Panhwar Institute of Sindhology University of Sind, Jamshoro Sind-Pakistan All rights reserved. Copyright (c) M. H. Panhwar 1983. Institute of Sindhology Publication No. 99 > First printed — 1983 No. of Copies 2000 40 0-0 Price ^Pt&AW&Q Published By Institute of Sindhlogy, University of Sind Jamshoro, in collabortion with Academy of letters Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Education Islamabad. Printed at Educational Press Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Road, Karachi. • PUBLISHER'S NOTE Institute of Sindhology is engaged in publishing informative material on - Sind under its scheme of "Documentation, Information and Source material on Sind". The present work is part of this scheme, and is being presented for benefit of all those interested in Sindhological Studies. The Institute has already pulished the following informative material on Sind, which has received due recognition in literary circles. 1. Catalogue of religious literature. 2. Catalogue of Sindhi Magazines and Journals. 3. Directory of Sindhi writers 1943-1973. 4. Source material on Sind. 5. Linguist geography of Sind. 6. Historical geography of Sind. The "Chronological Dictionary of Sind" containing 531 pages, 46 maps 14 charts and 130 figures is one of such publications. The text is arranged year by year, giving incidents, sources and analytical discussions. An elaborate bibliography and index: increases the usefulness of the book. The maps and photographs give pictographic history of Sind and have their own place. Sindhology has also published a number of articles of Mr. M.H. Panhwar, referred in the introduction in the journal Sindhology, to make available to the reader all new information collected, while the book was in press.
    [Show full text]
  • Behind the Veil:An Analytical Study of Political Domination of Mughal Women Dr
    11 Behind The Veil:An Analytical study of political Domination of Mughal women Dr. Rukhsana Iftikhar * Abstract In fifteen and sixteen centuries Indian women were usually banished from public or political activity due to the patriarchal structure of Indian society. But it was evident through non government arenas that women managed the state affairs like male sovereigns. This paper explores the construction of bourgeois ideology as an alternate voice with in patriarchy, the inscription of subaltern female body as a metonymic text of conspiracy and treachery. The narratives suggested the complicity between public and private subaltern conduct and inclination – the only difference in the case of harem or Zannaha, being a great degree of oppression and feminine self –censure. The gradual discarding of the veil (in the case of Razia Sultana and Nur Jahan in Middle Ages it was equivalents to a great achievement in harem of Eastern society). Although a little part, a pinch of salt in flour but this political interest of Mughal women indicates the start of destroying the patriarchy imposed distinction of public and private upon which western proto feminism constructed itself. Mughal rule in India had blessed with many brilliant and important aspects that still are shining in the history. They left great personalities that strengthen the history of Hindustan as compare to the histories of other nations. In these great personalities there is a class who indirectly or sometime directly influenced the Mughal politics. This class is related to the Mughal Harem. The ladies of Royalty enjoyed an exalted position in the Mughal court and politics.
    [Show full text]
  • I Year Dkh11 : History of Tamilnadu Upto 1967 A.D
    M.A. HISTORY - I YEAR DKH11 : HISTORY OF TAMILNADU UPTO 1967 A.D. SYLLABUS Unit - I Introduction : Influence of Geography and Topography on the History of Tamil Nadu - Sources of Tamil Nadu History - Races and Tribes - Pre-history of Tamil Nadu. SangamPeriod : Chronology of the Sangam - Early Pandyas – Administration, Economy, Trade and Commerce - Society - Religion - Art and Architecture. Unit - II The Kalabhras - The Early Pallavas, Origin - First Pandyan Empire - Later PallavasMahendravarma and Narasimhavarman, Pallava’s Administration, Society, Religion, Literature, Art and Architecture. The CholaEmpire : The Imperial Cholas and the Chalukya Cholas, Administration, Society, Education and Literature. Second PandyanEmpire : Political History, Administration, Social Life, Art and Architecture. Unit - III Madurai Sultanate - Tamil Nadu under Vijayanagar Ruler : Administration and Society, Economy, Trade and Commerce, Religion, Art and Architecture - Battle of Talikota 1565 - Kumarakampana’s expedition to Tamil Nadu. Nayakas of Madurai - ViswanathaNayak, MuthuVirappaNayak, TirumalaNayak, Mangammal, Meenakshi. Nayakas of Tanjore :SevappaNayak, RaghunathaNayak, VijayaRaghavaNayak. Nayak of Jingi : VaiyappaTubakiKrishnappa, Krishnappa I, Krishnappa II, Nayak Administration, Life of the people - Culture, Art and Architecture. The Setupatis of Ramanathapuram - Marathas of Tanjore - Ekoji, Serfoji, Tukoji, Serfoji II, Sivaji III - The Europeans in Tamil Nadu. Unit - IV Tamil Nadu under the Nawabs of Arcot - The Carnatic Wars, Administration under the Nawabs - The Mysoreans in Tamil Nadu - The Poligari System - The South Indian Rebellion - The Vellore Mutini- The Land Revenue Administration and Famine Policy - Education under the Company - Growth of Language and Literature in 19th and 20th centuries - Organization of Judiciary - Self Respect Movement. Unit - V Tamil Nadu in Freedom Struggle - Tamil Nadu under Rajaji and Kamaraj - Growth of Education - Anti Hindi & Agitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Taajudin's Diary
    Taajudin’s Diary Account of a Muslim author who accompanied Guru Nanak from Makkah to Baghdad By Sant Syed Prithipal Singh ne’ Mushtaq Hussain Shah (1902-1969) Edited & Translated By: Inderjit Singh Table of Contents Foreword................................................................................................. 7 When Guru Nanak Appeared on the World Scene ............................. 7 Guru Nanak’s Travel ............................................................................ 8 Guru Nanak’s Mission Was Outright Universal .................................. 9 The Book Story .................................................................................. 12 Acquaintance with Syed Prithipal Singh ....................................... 12 Discovery by Sardar Mangal Singh ................................................ 12 Professor Kulwant Singh’s Treatise ............................................... 13 Generosity of Mohinder Singh Bedi .............................................. 14 A Significant Book ............................................................................. 15 Recommendation ............................................................................. 16 Foreword - Sant Prithipal Singh ji Syed, My Father .............................. 18 ‘The Lion of the Lord took to the trade of the Fox’ – Translator’s Note .............................................................................................................. 20 About Me – Preface by Sant Syed Prithipal Singh ...............................
    [Show full text]