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AMASYA YÖRESİNİN MAKROFUNGUSLARI Sinan T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ AMASYA YÖRESİNİN MAKROFUNGUSLARI Sinan AKTAŞ DOKTORA TEZİ BİYOLOJİ ANA BİLİM DALI KONYA, 2006 AMASYA YÖRESİNİN MAKROFUNGUSLARI Sinan AKTAŞ DOKTORA TEZİ BİYOLOJİ ANA BİLİM DALI KONYA, 2006 T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ AMASYA YÖRESİNİN MAKROFUNGUSLARI Sinan AKTAŞ DOKTORA TEZİ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI Bu tez 17.02.2006 tarihinde aşağıdaki jüri tarafından oybirliği ile kabul edilmiştir. Doç.Dr.Celaleddin ÖZTÜRK (Danışman) Prof.Dr. Yusuf DURAK Prof.Dr. Mustafa IŞILOĞLU Prof.Dr. Ahmet AFYON Y.Doç.Dr. Gıyasettin KAŞIK ÖZET Doktora Tezi AMASYA YÖRESİNİN MAKROFUNGUSLARI Sinan AKTAŞ Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı Danışman: Doç. Dr. Celâleddin ÖZTÜRK 2006, 345 Sayfa Jüri: Doç.Dr. Celâleddin ÖZTÜRK Prof.Dr. Yusuf DURAK Prof.Dr. Mustafa IŞILOĞLU Prof.Dr. Ahmet AFYON Yrd.Doç.Dr. Gıyasettin KAŞIK Bu çalışmada, Amasya ilinde farklı lokalitelerden 2002-2006 yıllarında özellikle ilkbahar ve sonbahar aylarında 850 makrofungus örneği toplanmıştır. Arazi ve laboratuvar çalışması sonucunda, toplam iki bölüm, üç sınıf, 11 takım, 41 Familya ve 116 cins’e ait 303 makrofungus türü belirlenmiştir. Bu türlerin 40’ı Ascomycota, 263’ü Basidiomycota bölümüne aittir. Makrofunguslar üzerindeki mevcut literatüre göre, 38 türün Türkiye için yeni kayıt olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Makrofunguslar, Taksonomi, Yeni Kayıtlar, Amasya, Türkiye. I ABSTRACT PhD Thesis MACROFUNGI of AMASYA PROVINCE Sinan AKTAŞ Selçuk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Biology Department Supervisior: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Celâleddin ÖZTÜRK 2006, 345 Page Jury: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Celâleddin ÖZTÜRK Prof.Dr. Yusuf DURAK Prof.Dr. Mustafa IŞILOĞLU Prof.Dr. Ahmet AFYON Assist.Prof.Dr. Gıyasettin KAŞIK In this study 850 macrofungi specimens have been collected different localities in Amasya province between 2002-2006 particularly during the months of autumn and spring seasons. As a result of the field and laboratory studies, 303 species belong to 116 genera two divisions, three classes, 12 ordo and 41 families have been identified. 40 of them belong to Ascomycota, and the other 263 species belong to Basidiomycota divisions. According to the present literature on macrofungi of Turkey 35 taxa are new records for Turkey. Key Words: Macrofungi, Taxonomy, New Records, Amasya, Turkey. II ÖNSÖZ Doktora tez çalışması 2002-2006 yılları arasında Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen- Edebiyat Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi Doç.Dr. Celâleddin ÖZTÜRK’ün yönetimi ve gözetimiyle yapılmıştır. Çalışmalarım esnasında her türlü yardımlarını ve deneyimlerini esirgemeyen danışman hocam Sayın Doç.Dr. Celâleddin ÖZTÜRK’e teşekkürü borç bilirim. Çalışmam sırasında yardımlarını esirgemeyen Yrd.Doç.Dr.Gıyasettin KAŞIK, Yrd.Doç.Dr. Hasan Hüseyin DOĞAN’a; arazi bölgesinin genel vejetasyon yapısının çıkarılmasında yardımcı olan Yrd.Doç.Dr. Osman TUGAY ve Arş.Gör. Hakkı DEMİRELMA’ya teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Ayrıca laboratuvar çalışmaları ve bilgisayar teknik desteği hususunda yardımlarını gördüğüm Arş.Gör. Ahmet UYSAL ve yüksek lisans öğrencileri Mehmet DEMİRALAY, Sinan ALKAN, Canan PEKAK’a teşekkür ederim. Çalışma süresince maddi ve manevi desteğini hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen ailem ve eşime ayrıca teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca maddi* desteğinden dolayı S.Ü. BAP koordinatörlüğü yönetici ve çalışanlarına teşekkür ederim. Konya 2006 Sinan AKTAŞ * S.Ü. BAP Koordinatörlüğü, Proje no: 2002/155 III İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa ÖZET....................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT............................................................................................................. II ÖNSÖZ.................................................................................................................... III 1. GENEL BİLGİLER............................................................................................ 1 1. 1. Giriş.................................................................................................................. 1 2. LİTERATÜR ÖZETİ......................................................................................... 3 3. ARAŞTIRMA YÖRESİNİN ÖZELLİKLERİ................................................. 17 3. 1. Araştırma Alanının Coğrafik Yapısı................................................................. 17 3. 2. Araştırma Alanının İklim Verileri.................................................................... 22 3. 3. Araştırma Alanının Yağış Verileri.................................................................... 25 3. 4. Araştırma Alanının Sıcaklık Verileri................................................................ 26 3. 5. Araştırma Alanının Nem Verileri…………………………………………… 28 3. 5. Araştırma Alanının Genel Vejetasyon Yapısı.................................................. 29 4. MATERYAL VE METOT................................................................................. 33 4. 1. Araziden Elde Edilen Veriler............................................................................ 34 4. 2. Laboratuvarda Elde Edilen Veriler................................................................... 34 4. 2. 1. Spor Baskısı.................................................................................................. 34 4. 2. 2. Kimyasal Ayraçların Kullanılması.............................................................. 35 4. 2. 3. Mikroskobik Özellikler................................................................................. 35 5. BULGULAR........................................................................................................ 37 5. 1. Belirlenen Türlerin Teşhis Anahtarları............................................................. 37 5. 1. 1. Ascomycota Bölümünün Teşhis Anahtarı................................................... 37 5. 1. 2. Basidiomycota Bölümünün Teşhis Anahtarı.............................................. 43 5. 2. Türlerin Listesi………...................................................................................... 69 ASCOMYCOTA…………………………………………………………………. 69 ASCOMYCETES………………………………………………………………... 69 SPHAERIALES………………………………………………………………….. 69 SPHAERIACEAE................................................................................................... 69 1. Hypoxylon multiforme (Fr.) Fr. .......................................................................... 69 2. Xylaria hypoxylon (L.: Hooker) Grev. ………………………………………… 70 DIATRYPACEAE……………………………………………………………….. 70 3. Diatrype disciformis (Hoffm.: Fr) Fr. …………………………………………. 70 4. Diatrypella quercina (Pers.: Fr.) Cke. …………………………………………. 71 5. Diatrypella verrucaeformis (Ehrh.) Nke. ……………………………………… 71 HELOTIALES…………………………………………………………………… 72 HYALOSCYPHACEAE........................................................................................ 72 6. Dasyscyphus virgineus S. F. Gray ...................................................................... 72 HELOTIACEAE…………………………………………………………………. 73 7. Phaeohelotium subcarneum (Schum.: Sacc.) Dennis ………………………… 73 8. Bisporella citrina (Batsch: Fr.) Korf & Carpenter …………………………….. 73 9. Hymenoscyphus calyculus (Sow.: Fr.) Phill. ………………………………….. 73 PEZIZALES……………………………………………………………………… 74 MORCHELLACEAE............................................................................................. 74 10. Mitrophora semilibera (DC : Fr.) Lév. ............................................................. 74 11. Morchella conica Pers. var. conica Pers. .......................................................... 74 12. Morchella conica Pers. var. deliciosa Fr. ......................................................... 75 IV 13. Morchella elata Fr. ............................................................................................ 75 14. Morchella esculenta Pers.: St. Amans var. rigida Krombholz ......................... 75 15. Morchella esculenta Pers.: St. Amans var. rotunda Pers. ................................ 76 16. Morchella esculenta Pers.: St. Amans var. umbrina Boud............................... 76 17. Morchella esculenta Pers. :. St. Amans var. vulgaris Pers. .............................. 77 HELVELLACEAE................................................................................................. 77 18. Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.:Fr.) Fr..................................................................... 77 19. Helvella acetabulum (L.) Quél. ........................................................................ 78 20. Helvella crispa Fr. ……………………………………………………………. 78 21. Helvella lacunosa Afz.: Fr. …………………………………………………... 79 22. Helvella leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. .............................................................. 80 23. Helvella solitaria Bres. ...................................................................................... 80 24. Helvella spadicea Schaeff.................................................................................. 81 25. Leptopodia elastica (Bull.: St. Amans) Boud. ……………………………….. 81 26. Discina perlata (Fr.) Fries ……………………………………………………. 82 PEZIZACEAE........................................................................................................ 82 27. Sarcosphaera crassa (Santi : Steudel) Pouz. ................................................... 82 28. Peziza ampelina Quél. ………………………………………………………... 83 29. Peziza badia Pers.: Mérat …………………………………………………….. 83 30. Peziza celtica (Boud.) Moser …………………………………………………. 83 31. Peziza depressa Pers.: Fr. …………………………………………………….. 83 32. Peziza domiliciana
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