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GÜNEYSINIR (KONYA) YÖRESĠNDE Yetġġen MAKROMANTARLARIN BELĠRLENMESĠ Akın ÇELĠK Yüksek Lisans Tezi Biyoloji Anabilim D

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GÜNEYSINIR (KONYA) YÖRESĠNDE Yetġġen MAKROMANTARLARIN BELĠRLENMESĠ Akın ÇELĠK Yüksek Lisans Tezi Biyoloji Anabilim D GÜNEYSINIR (KONYA) YÖRESĠNDE YETĠġEN MAKROMANTARLARIN BELĠRLENMESĠ Akın ÇELĠK Yüksek Lisans Tezi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Haziran-2019 T.C KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ FEN BĠLĠMLERĠ ENSTĠTÜSÜ GÜNEYSINIR (KONYA) YÖRESĠNDE YETĠġEN MAKROMANTARLARIN BELĠRLENMESĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ Akın ÇELĠK Anabilim Dalı: Biyoloji Tez DanıĢmanı: Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA KARAMAN-2019 TEZ BĠLDĠRĠMĠ Yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, tezin içerdiği yenilik ve sonuçların başka bir yerden alınmadığını, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya başka bir üniversitedeki başka bir tez çalışması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. Akın ÇELĠK ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi GÜNEYSINIR (KONYA) YÖRESĠNDE YETĠġEN MAKROMANTARLARIN BELĠRLENMESĠ Akın ÇELĠK Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı DanıĢman: Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Haziran, 2019, 117 sayfa Bu çalışma Güneysınır (Konya) yöresinde yetişen makromantarlar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2017-2019 yılları arasında periyodik olarak bölgede gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları sonucunda 295 makromantar örneği toplanmıştır. Örneklerin ekolojik özellikleri not edilmiş ve örnekler doğal ortamlarında resimlenmiştir. Laboratuvar ortamına getirilen örnekler kurutularak fungaryum materyali haline getirilmiş, gerekli teşhis işlemleri sonucunda 5 sınıf, 10 takım, 36 familya ve 62 cinse ait 89 tür tanımlanmıştır. Belirlenen türlerden 34 tanesi Ascomycota, 55 tanesi ise Basidiomycota bölümüne aittir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyoçeşitlilik, Makromantar, Taksonomi, Güneysınır, Konya i ABSTRACT Ms Thesis DETERMINATION OF MACROFUNGI GROWING IN ULUKIġLA (NĠĞDE) REGION Akın ÇELĠK Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA June, 2019, 117 pages This study was carried out on the macrofungi growing in Güneysınır (Konya) district. 295 macrofungi samples were collected during field trips between 2017-2019. Ecological properties were noted and they were photographed at their natural habitats. The samples are transferred to the lab and they were dried and prepared as fungarium materials. As a result of necessary identification processes, 89 taxa belonging to 5 classsis, 10 orders, 36 families, 62 genera were determined. Thirty four of them belong to Ascomycota and 55 belong to Basidiomycota. Keywords: Biodiversity, Macrofungus, Taxonomy, Güneysınır, Konya ii ÖNSÖZ Biyoçeşitliliğin en önemli bileşenlerinden birini oluşturan mantarlar geleneksel olarak uzun bir süre bitkiler âlemi içinde yer almış ve 1969’dan sonra bitki ve hayvanlardan farklı olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Günümüzde ayrı bir âlem olarak ele alınan bu canlı grubunun insanlarla olan etkileşimi insanoğlunun doğuşu ile başlamıştır. Makromantarların insanların dikkatini çekmesi, yemeklik olarak kullanılmalarından dolayı ve zehirli mantarların sebep olduğu ölümler sonucunda olmuştur. Mantarlar gıda olarak kullanılmalarının yanı sıra tıbbi amaçlı da kullanılmaktadır. Yine çok eski yıllarda insanlar halüsinojenik etki gösteren mantarları dini törenlerinde ve eğlence dünyalarında kullanmışlardır. Bütün dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de makromantar biyoçeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla birçok çalışma yürütülmüş, çalışmaların bazıları da halen yürütülmektedir. Halen makromantar çeşitliliği bakımından çalışılmamış birçok bölge vardır ve Türkiye mikotası henüz tamamlanamamıştır. Bu kapsamda, Güneysınır yöresinin makromantarlarının belirlenmesine yönelik gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, bölge insanının bilgilendirilmesi, makromantar çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi ve ülkemiz makromikotasına katkı sağlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma alanının seçiminde ve Yüksek Lisans eğitimim ile tez çalışmamın her aşamasında yakın ilgi ve önerileriyle çalışmalarımı yönlendiren, yardımlarını esirgemeyen, görüş ve düşüncelerime destek veren kıymetli hocam Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA’ya, arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmalarım esnasında her zaman desteğini gördüğüm Yasin UZUN’a, laboratuvarda çalışma imkânı sağlayan Biyoloji Bölümü yöneticilerine ve tüm eğitim ve eğitimcilik hayatım boyunca maddi manevi desteğini hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen kıymetli aileme içtenlikle teşekkür ederim. Akın ÇELİK Haziran, 2019 iii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER Sayfa ÖZET ................................................................................................................................ i ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... ii ÖN SÖZ .......................................................................................................................... iii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER .............................................................................................................. iv ÇĠZELGELER DĠZĠNĠ ............................................................................................... viii ġEKĠLLER DĠZĠNĠ ....................................................................................................... ix SĠMGELER VE KISALTMALAR DĠZĠNĠ ............................................................... xii 1. GĠRĠġ ........................................................................................................................... 1 2. LĠTERATÜR ÖZETĠ ................................................................................................ 3 3. MATERYAL METOT ............................................................................................ 27 3.1. Araştırma Alanının Durumu .................................................................................... 27 3.1.1. Coğrafi Özellikleri ................................................................................................ 27 3.1.2. İklim ve Bitki Örtüsü ............................................................................................ 29 3.1.3. Toprak Özellikleri ................................................................................................. 30 3.2. Materyal ................................................................................................................... 33 3.3. Metot ........................................................................................................................ 33 3.3.1. Arazi Çalışması ..................................................................................................... 33 3.3.2. Laboratuvar Çalışması .......................................................................................... 34 4. BULGULAR .............................................................................................................. 36 4.1. Teşhisi Yapılan Mantarların Sistematiği. ................................................................ 36 4.2. Teşhisi Yapılan Mantarların Bölgedeki Yayılışı ..................................................... 43 4.2.1. Mollisia melaleuca (Fr.) Sacc. .............................................................................. 43 4.2.2. Hymenoscyphus calyculus (Fr.) W. Phillips ......................................................... 43 4.2.3. Brunnipila clandestina (Bull.) Baral .................................................................... 43 4.2.4. Lachnum virgineum (Batsch) P. Karst. ................................................................. 43 4.2.5. Discina brunnea (Underw.) Raitv. ....................................................................... 43 4.2.6. Helvella acetabulum (L.) Quél ............................................................................. 43 4.2.7. Helvella cupuliformis Dissing & Nannf. .............................................................. 44 4.2.8. Helvella fusca Gillet ............................................................................................. 44 4.2.9. Helvella lacunosa Afzel. ....................................................................................... 44 iv 4.2.10. Helvella leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. ................................................................ 44 4.2.11. Helvella leucopus Pers. ....................................................................................... 44 4.2.12. Paxina queletii (Bres.) Stangl ............................................................................. 44 4.2.13. Morchella deliciosa Fr. ....................................................................................... 45 4.2.14. Morchella elata Fr. ............................................................................................. 45 4.2.15. Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. ............................................................................ 45 4.2.16. Morchella vaporaria Brond. ............................................................................... 45 4.2.17. Sarcosphaera coronaria (Jacq.) J. Schröt. ......................................................... 45 4.2.18. Terfezia claveryi Chatin ...................................................................................... 45 4.2.19. Anthracobia melaloma (Alb. & Schwein.) Arnould ........................................... 45 4.2.20. Cheilymenia granulata (Bull.) J. Moravec... ...................................................... 46 4.2.21. Genea lobulata (Mor.-Arr., J. Gómez & Calonge) P. Alvarado & Mor.-Arr. .... 46 4.2.22. Geopora arenosa (Fuckel) S. Ahmad ................................................................
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