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Analysis of Drugs Manual September 2019
Drug Enforcement Administration Office of Forensic Sciences Analysis of Drugs Manual September 2019 Date Posted: 10/23/2019 Analysis of Drugs Manual Revision: 4 Issue Date: September 5, 2019 Effective Date: September 9, 2019 Approved By: Nelson A. Santos Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 – QUALITY ASSURANCE ......................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 – EVIDENCE ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 93 CHAPTER 3 – FIELD ASSISTANCE .......................................................................... 165 CHAPTER 4 – FINGERPRINT AND SPECIAL PROGRAMS ..................................... 179 Appendix 1A – Definitions ........................................................................................... 202 Appendix 1B – Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................. 211 Appendix 1C – Instrument Maintenance Schedule ..................................................... 218 Appendix 1D – Color Test Reagent Preparation and Procedures ............................... 224 Appendix 1E – Crystal and Precipitate Test Reagent Preparation and Procedures .... 241 Appendix 1F – Thin Layer Chromatography................................................................ 250 Appendix 1G – Qualitative Method Modifications ........................................................ 254 Appendix 1H – Analytical Supplies and Services ........................................................ 256 Appendix 2A – Random Sampling Procedures -
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Article Alkaloids Detection in Commonly Found Medicinal Plants with Marquis Reagent Daniel Alejandro Ocampo-Bustos1 and María Elena Cano-Ruiz1 1 Tecnológico de Monterrey High School, Cuernavaca, Mexico. SUMMARY identity of social groups. Many of the medicinal plants have Alkaloids are a class of nitrogenous organic their healing properties known by empirical use through time, compounds of plant origin that may have important but these medicinal plants may contain active ingredients physiological actions on humans. They include many with tested pharmacological properties. One possibility is that drugs and poisons, but some alkaloids in low doses some of the active ingredients in medicinal plants belong to the have health benefits as well. Traditional medicinal group of alkaloids, which can be determined by a colorimetric plants may contain alkaloids as active ingredients, chemical reaction with the Marquis reagent. The reagent is but this is not well-understood. The Marquis reagent dripped onto the substance being tested, and if an alkaloid exists as a simple qualitative colorimetric method is present, a color change appears (5). The Marquis reagent to determine the presence of alkaloids in medicinal is traditionally composed of a mixture of formaldehyde and plants. The Marquis reagent test was assayed in concentrated sulfuric acid. medicinal plants by first optimizing the formulation Originally, the Marquis reagent was used for testing of the reagent using poppy seeds and lavender as many different alkaloids, and the results from those studies the positive and negative controls. Then using the were the base for developing the color scales that are optimized formulation of Marquis reagent in the extracts of 11 medicinal plants with known claims of used as a reference to determine the specific alkaloid health benefits. -
Gc/Ms Assays for Abused Drugs in Body Fluids
GC/MS ASSAYS FOR ABUSED DRUGS IN BODY FLUIDS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alchol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration GC/MS Assays for Abused Drugs in Body Fluids Rodger L. Foltz, Ph.D. Center for Human Toxicology University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 64112 Allison F. Fentiman, Jr., Ph.D. Ruth B. Foltz Battelle Columbus Laboratories Columbus, Ohio 43201 NIDA Research Monograph 32 August 1980 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Research 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 The NIDA Research Monograph series is prepared by the Division of Research of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Its primary objective is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the- art conferences, integrative research reviews and significant original research. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. Editorial Advisory Board Avram Goldstein, M.D. Addiction Research Foundation Palo Alto, California Jerome Jaffe, M.D. College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University, New York Reese T. Jones, M.D. Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute University of California San Francisco, California William McGlothlin, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, UCLA Los Angeles, California Jack Mendelson, M.D. Alchol and Drug Abuse Research Center Harvard Medical School Mclean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts Helen Nowlis, Ph.D. Office of Drug Education, DHHS Washington, D.C. -
For Peer Review 19 Studies
Drug Testing and Analysis A review of chemical ‘spot’ tests: a presumptive illicit drug identification technique Journal:For Drug Peer Testing and Analysis Review Manuscript ID DTA-17-0289.R1 Wiley - Manuscript type: Review Date Submitted by the Author: n/a Complete List of Authors: Philp, Morgan; University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Forensic Science Fu, Shanlin; University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Forensic Science presumptive identification, color test, new psychoactive substances, Keywords: chemistry Chemical ‘spot’ tests are a presumptive illicit drug identification technique commonly used by law enforcement, border security personnel, and forensic laboratories. The simplicity, low cost and rapid results afforded by these tests make them particularly attractive for presumptive identification globally. In this paper, we review the development of these long- established methods and discuss color test recommendations and guidelines. A search of the scientific literature revealed the chemical Abstract: reactions occurring in many color tests are either not actively investigated or reported as unknown. Today, color tests face many challenges, from the appearance of new psychoactive substances to concerns regarding selectivity, sensitivity, and safety. Advances in technology have seen color test reagents used in digital image color analysis, solid sensors and microfluidic devices for illicit drug detection. This review aims to summarize current research and suggest the future of presumptive color testing. http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/dta Page 1 of 34 Drug Testing and Analysis 1 2 3 A review of chemical ‘spot’ tests: a presumptive illicit drug identification 4 5 technique 6 7 Morgan Philp and Shanlin Fu 8 9 10 11 Short title: Review of chemical spot tests for illicit drug detection 12 13 Chemical ‘spot’ tests are a presumptive illicit drug identification technique commonly used 14 by law enforcement, border security personnel, and forensic laboratories. -
Seized Drugs Technical Manual
Seized Drugs Technical Manual Approval Date: 06/12/2019 Document Number: 4561 Approved By: David Gouldthorpe, David Johnson, Cassandra Robertson Revision Number: 12 Date Published: 06/12/2019 Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department Forensic Laboratory 5605 W. Badura Ave. Ste. 120B Las Vegas, NV 89118 Seized Drugs Technical Manual ARCHIVED Uncontrolled Copy if not located in Qualtrax Page 1 of 167 Seized Drugs Technical Manual Approval Date: 06/12/2019 Document Number: 4561 Approved By: David Gouldthorpe, David Johnson, Cassandra Robertson Revision Number: 12 Date Published: 06/12/2019 Table of Contents Chapter Title Introduction ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 1.1 Color Tests 1.2 Chromatography 1.3 Mass Spectrometry (MS) 1.4 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) 1.5 X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) 1.6 Raman Spectroscopy QUALITY CONTROL 2.1 Reference Materials and Supplies 2.2 Reference Material Inventory Audit 2.3 Color Test Reagent Quality Control 2.4 Quality Control Plan SEIZED DRUG ANALYSIS 3.1 Seized Drugs Analysis Quality Control 3.2 Sampling 3.3 Identification Criteria 3.4 Evidence Discrepancies and Preliminary Field Test Errors 3.5 Marijuana Analysis 3.6 Opium Analysis 3.7 Analysis of Fentanyl and Fentanyl Related Substances CLANDESTINE LABORATORIES 4.1 Clandestine Laboratory Response 4.2 ARCHIVEDClandestine Laboratory Analysis REPORTING AND TECHNICAL REVIEW 5.1 Reporting 5.2 Technical Review 6 Retraining 7 Recipes and Derivatizing Agents PROCEDURES 8.1 Logging Reference Materials into LIMS Uncontrolled Copy if not located in Qualtrax Page 2 of 167 Seized -
Colour Tests for Drug Identification SUBJECT FORENSIC SCIENCE
SUBJECT FORENSIC SCIENCE Paper No. and Title PAPER No. 9: Drugs of Abuse Module No. and Title MODULE No. 25: Colour Tests for Drug Identification Module Tag FSC_P9_M25 FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER No. 9: Drugs of Abuse MODULE No. 25: Colour Tests for Drug Identification TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction 3. Forensic Significance of Drug Identification 4. Colour Tests 5. Summarized Test Indications 6. Limitations of Colour Tests 7. Summary FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER No. 9: Drugs of Abuse MODULE No. 25: Colour Tests for Drug Identification 1. Learning Outcomes After studying this module, you will be able to know about- Various preliminary tests for Drug identification The significance of preliminary examinations like color tests, crystal tests, etc. Limitations of preliminary screening and approaches to overcome them 2. Introduction Preliminary screening of Drugs are basically done by Colour tests, also sometimes referred to as chemical spot tests, provide with one of the leading tools for the presumptive identification of drugs. These colour tests are most practically applied to pharmaceuticals and scene of crime residues and, to a lesser extent, to biological fluids such as stomach contents, urine, etc. They are used to place the unidentified into a specific class of compounds or to eliminate categories or classes of compounds. These colour tests remain popular for several reasons. They are simple to perform and no extensive training is required. As such, they appeal in situations where laboratory facilities may be very limited. They can be performed in the field by police officers or technicians, require minimal reagents, are inexpensive, and give immediate results that can be viewed by the bare eye. -
This List Was Originally Published in Virginia Register Volume 8, Issue 18
In accordance with 6 VAC 40-30, the Regulations for the Approval of Field Tests for Detection of Drugs, and under the authority of the Code of Virginia, the following field tests for detection of drugs are approved field tests: O D V INCORPORATED 13386 INTERNATIONAL PARKWAY JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA 32218-2383 ODV NarcoPouch Drug or Drug Type: Manufacturer’s Field Test: Heroin 902 – Marquis Reagent Amphetamine 902 – Marquis Reagent Methamphetamine 902 – Marquis Reagent 3,4–Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 902 – Marquis Reagent Cocaine Hydrochloride 904 or 904B – Cocaine HCl and Base Reagent Cocaine Base 904 or 904B – Cocaine HCl and Base Reagent Barbiturates 905 – Dille-Koppanyi Reagent Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) 907 – Ehrlich’s (Modified) Reagent Marijuana 908 – Duquenois – Levine Reagent Hashish Oil 908 – Duquenois – Levine Reagent Marijuana 909 – K N Reagent Hashish Oil 909 – K N Reagent Phencyclidine (PCP) 914 – PCP Methaqualone Reagent Heroin 922 – Opiates Reagent Methamphetamine 923 – Methamphetamine/Ecstasy Reagent 3,4–Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 923 – Methamphetamine/Ecstasy Reagent Heroin 924 – Mecke’s (Modified) Reagent Diazepam 925 – Valium/Ketamine Reagent Ketamine 925 – Valium/Ketamine Reagent Ephedrine 927 – Ephedrine Reagent gamma – Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) 928 – GHB Reagent ODV NarcoTest Drug or Drug Type: Manufacturer’s Field Test: Heroin 7602 – Marquis Reagent Amphetamine 7602 – Marquis Reagent Methamphetamine 7602 – Marquis Reagent 3,4–Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 7602 – Marquis Reagent Barbiturates -
Psychedelic Resource List (PRL) Was Born in 1994 As a Subscription-Based Newsletter
A Note from the Author… The Psychedelic Resource List (PRL) was born in 1994 as a subscription-based newsletter. In 1996, everything that had previously been published, along with a bounty of new material, was updated and compiled into a book. From 1996 until 2004, several new editions of the book were produced. With each new version, a decrease in font size correlated to an increase in information. The task of revising the book grew continually larger. Two attempts to create an updated fifth edition both fizzled out. I finally accepted that keeping on top of all of the new books, businesses, and organizations, had become a more formidable challenge than I wished to take on. In any case, these days folks can find much of what they are looking for by simply using an Internet search engine. Even though much of the PRL is now extremely dated, it occurred to me that there are two reasons why making it available on the web might be of value. First, despite the fact that a good deal of the book’s content describes things that are no longer extant, certainly some of the content relates to writings that are still available and businesses or organizations that are still in operation. The opinions expressed regarding such literature and groups may remain helpful for those who are attempting to navigate the field for solid resources, or who need some guidance regarding what’s best to avoid. Second, the book acts as a snapshot of underground culture at a particular point in history. As such, it may be found to be an enjoyable glimpse of the psychedelic scene during the late 1990s and early 2000s. -
Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice National Institute of Justice Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse NIJ Standard–0604.01 ABOUT THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CORRECTIONS STANDARDS AND TESTING PROGRAM The Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program is sponsored by the Office of Science and Technology of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), U.S. Department of Justice. The program responds to the mandate of the Justice System Improvement Act of 1979, which directed NIJ to encourage research and development to improve the criminal justice system and to disseminate the results to Federal, State, and local agencies. The Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program is an applied research effort that determines the technological needs of justice system agencies, sets minimum performance standards for specific devices, tests commercially available equipment against those standards, and disseminates the standards and the test results to criminal justice agencies nationally and internationally. The program operates through: The Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Advisory Council (LECTAC), consisting of nationally recognized criminal justice practitioners from Federal, State, and local agencies, which assesses technological needs and sets priorities for research programs and items to be evaluated and tested. The Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which develops voluntary national performance standards for compliance testing to ensure that individual items of equipment are suitable for use by criminal justice agencies. The standards are based upon laboratory testing and evaluation of representative samples of each item of equipment to determine the key attributes, develop test methods, and establish minimum performance requirements for each essential attribute. -
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNITED NATIONS SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL NOTES SCITEC/6 February 1989 Chemistry and Reaction Mechanisms of Rapid Tests for Drugs of Abuse and Precursors Chemicals Karl-Artur Kovar and Martina Laudszun Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universitat Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle S, D-7400 Tubingen Federal Republic of Germany V.89-51669 In 1987 the Division of Narcotic Drugs organized an expert group meeting in Vienna. This group recommended several rapid tests for the presumptive identification of controlled drugs and precursor chemicals in seizure (tab.1)i"2). For a most favourable application and improvement of the tests the, knowledge of the chemical structures of the final products and of the reaction mechanisms is essential . Therefore this paper provides ill a survey a simplified description of the formation of the coloring matters . Table 1 : Rapid Tests Selected for Field Use and for Laboratory Application r---r.--r----" ------r--- .r--r .r---.n.-w- -^.------------------- Drugs and Precursor Rapid Tests Chemicals --------------------------- ------------r Marquis' Reagent ; formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid/ conc . sulfuric acid (A) ferric sulfate (B) rw---- .r------------w-ww----w-rr----------w--------wrw---w-r. 2 Morphine, Codeine, 2 .1 Marquis' Reagent: formaldehyde, glacial Heroin acetic acid/ conc . sulfuric acid (A) 2 .2 Mecke's Reagent: selenious acid, conc. sulfuric acid (C) 2 .3 nitric acid (D) 2.4 ferric sulfate (B) ------------ .r---------------r-------------- .r------------ 3 Methadone 3.1 Marquis' Reagent: formaldehyde, glacial -
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1954 Volume.6 No.7
The Journal of PHARMACY and PHARMACOLOGY • §•• * • • • • • :: •!: < • • • • a a 3 3 B E D F oift* a ;i*P E x & J E , : f X Q K : B f l > iN , W. C . 1 for combined ORAL PENICILLIN and ‘ SULPHAMEZATHINE ’ Therapy ‘SULMEZIL’ preparations provide an ideal means of administering ‘Sulphamezathine’ and penicillin together. They have the advantage of containing what is undoubtedly the best sulphonamide for routine use and the most stable salt of penicillin that gives reliable absorption and effective blood levels. Presented in two convenient forms :— ‘Sulm ezil’ TABLETS Each containing 0.5 gramme ‘Sulphamezathine’ Sulpha- a n d dimidine B.P. and 150,000 units o f‘Dibencil’ benzathine penicillin. ‘ S u l m e z i l ’ ORAL SUSPENSION Containing in each fluid drachm, 0.5 gramme ‘Sulpha mezathine’ Sulphadimidine B.P. and 150,000 units ‘Dibencil’ benzathine penicillin. The Suspension is pleasantly flavoured and free from the characteristic taste of either penicillin or sulphonamide. It is a stable preparation and is particularly suitable for combined therapy in children. In the treatment of bacterial infec tions sensitive to either penicillin Note J Under the National Health Sendee or sulphonamide therapy, the basic cost of 25 ‘SULMEZIL’ TAB ‘S U LM EZ IL ’ TABLETS LETS is i3/4d. Free from P.T. The basic AND ORAL SUSPENSION cost of a 50 c.c. bottle of‘SULMEZIL' provide :— ORAL SUSPENSION ; (containing 14 teaspoonful doses) is 9/4d. Free from P.T. • Cover against a wide range of organisms • Cotter against mixed infections • Increased effectiveness • Maximum convenience IMPERIAL CHEMM^'^UKlil'A'teMArEUTICALS) LTD. -
Some Micro-Chemical Tests for Alkaloids
SOME MICRO-CHEMICAL TESTS FOE ALKALOIDS CHAELES H. STEPHENSON SCIENTIFIC ASSISTANT BFEEAU OF CHBMISTEY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGEXOUtTURH, WASHINGTON, D. O. INCLUDING CHEMICAL TESTS OF THE ALKALOIDS USED C. E. PARKER ASSISTANT CHEMIST BUBEAU OF CHEMI3TBY, T7NITBD STATES DBPABTMSNT OF AQRICULTXJEB, WASHINGTON, D. O. With Tv/enty-seven Plates (162 Photomicrographs) and a Folding Table of Reactions. LONDON CHARLES GRIFFIN & COMPANY, LIMITED 12 EXETER STREET, STRAND, W.C.2 1921 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 MLCROCHEMICAL TESTS FOR ALKALOIDS DESCRIBED BY OTHERS 3 CONCENTRATIONS OF ALKALOIDAL SOLUTIONS 7 REAGENTS USED 8 METHOD USED IN MAKING TESTS 11 SCHEME FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS 13 TABLE SHOWING BEST TESTS FOR EACH ALKALOID 15 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TESTS 16 CHEMICAL EXAMINATIONS 84 INDEX TO PLATES 107 PLATES Ill TABLE OF REACTIONS FOLLOWS PLATES SOME MICROCHEMICAL TESTS FOR ALKALOIDS INTRODUCTION THIS work on microchemical tests for alkaloids was begun in December, 1907, in order to obtain microchemical tests for the detection of cocaine. From this beginning work was done on other alkaloids until a total of sixty-four had been tested. Thirteen of these alkaloids were of doubt- ful purity, and therefore the results obtained on these are not recorded here. Two preliminary papers have been presented on this work before the Association of Official Agricultural Chem- ists, the first in 1908, published in Bulletin No. 122, Bureau of Chemistry, p. 97,1909, and the second in 1910, published in Bulletin No. 137, Bureau of Chemistry, p. 189,1911. In this work no claim at all is made for originality in applying the microchemical tests for alkaloids, as the methods have been in use for many years.