DOCSLIB.ORG

Review. Origins of the State: the Anthropology of Political Evolution. Ronald Cohen and Elman Service

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review. Origins of the State: the Anthropology of Political Evolution. Ronald Cohen and Elman Service Retrieved from: http://www.cifas.us/smith/reviews.html Title: Review. “Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution. By Ronald Cohen and Elman Service, eds.” Author(s): M.G. Smith Source: In Man, n.s. 14 (3): 568-569 MAN THEJOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE NEW SERIES VOLUME 14 1979 Published quarterly by the Royal Anthropological Institute ofGreat Britain and Ireland REVIEWS BOOK REVIEWS competing theses ofService and Fried--each ofapproaches to the problem of state forma­ COHE.N: RONALD & ELMAN R. SERVICE (edt Or,~~ns of the. slate: the anthropol . ti ~llom contributes an essay. Service groups tions, both pristine and secondary, rather than p~/Jt~(al fvo/~tron. 2} 3 pp., iIlus., ~ ,u evolutionary speculations on the origin of in offering some simple, universal and unten­ blbhogr. PhIladelphia: Institute for dIr abc state into two contraposed clusters­ able solution. It should therefore prove of Study ofHuman Issues, 1978 aamely, conflict theories (e.g. Marx, Spencer interest and value to teachers and others Morton Fried) and integrative theories interested in contemporary views of the Speculative theses on the formation of .. Jnd (e.g. Service, Wittfogel and, oddly, Carneiro's origins ofstates. earliest states were regular features ofevoI. ltoceumscription' thesis, oddly, as Carneiro tionist social theories of the last century .. M.G. SMITH de2rlystresses war (e.g. pp. 207-1 reply, played little part in twentieth-centuryandu. I». In Yale University. fried cites laws and other data from early pol?gy until.the co~tributionsofV. Gordaa Mesopotamia that indicate social stratification. HARRIS, GRACE GREDYS. Casting out anger: Chllde, Leshe WhIte and Julian StewaN Ho\\'ever, as Cohen notes in his introductory religion among the Taita Kenya (Camb. together laid the basis for contemporary ... of If\;e\\' of the volume's various essays, these Stud. social Anthrop. 21). xiv, 193 pp., evolutionis~. However since 1967, ... kpl data are drawn from establishedsecond­ plates, tables, bibliogr. Cambridge: Univ. Morton Fned's Evolution of political S«iiit ary states in that region. They cannot be Press, 1978. £7-95 appeared, interest in this question has revitel created as descriptions ofthe antecedent society I have a special interest in Dr Harris's book. apace, and therewith our understanding ofdlr Jtgt created the pristine state. We may now For one thing, it began as a dissertation complexities so neatly hidden by such shan­ Drver recover decisive texts and supporting submitted for the doctorate in my Department hand terms as 'the origin of the SI3If-. &UU from the periods and sites of the few at Cambridge twenty-five years ago. At that Following Marx and Rousseau, Fried disba. .rced pristine states in either hemisphere to stage the descriptive ethnography of Taira guished between pristine and secondary staleS.. choose between the overlapping theories of religion was her primary concern. The book and argued that pristine states arose in<kpeM­ ~vice, Fried and Carneiro. Cohen accord­ is a t~ansformation ofthis ethnography into a endy in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and perhapl ia mgiy advocates'a more eclectic, non-doctri­ treatIse offundamental general and theoretical the Indus valley and China, following inClClm ure position on this topic' (p. 15) and import. It is presented in classical monographic ofpopulation and contractions ofresourca.. terognises that 'there are multiple roads to style with analysis and interpretation tied specialised political organisations requiml. atehood' (p. 8), which may include tbe routes strictly to the particulars of the ethnographic preserve and defend the positions and inrerea Identified by Fried, Service, Carneiro and fieldwork. It is a short book (185 pages of ofthe propertied classes in societies that war­ adlers. text) written with admirable economy of already economically stratified. Therear. Of nine essays in this collection, only that language and conceptual clarity, and so tightly secondarystates werecreated by orin defemiw Or Eva and Robert Hunt on 'Irrigation, packed that I shall have to limit my comments reactions to the expansion of these p~ conflict and politics: a Mexican case' has been to the main theme. states. pttviously published. Henry W rightlts nicely Harris declares at the outset that she is 'more In 1968 Lawrence Krader reviewed .­ qued and illustrated contribution, 6Toward concerned with Taita religion as a mode of topic obliquely in his Formation ofthe Stalf._ III explanation of the origin of the state', is a acting in the world than as a mode ofthinking used few data. from the New W orId and ... It\'~d version of another published article. about the world'-which implies an approach not segregate pristine and secondary st2tIS. The essays by Salzman, Cohen, Barbara Price that I find particularly congenial and that is Fried had done. Krader concluded that Slat aod the Hunts all deal with contexts of the second reason for my interest in her book. originated in different ways at differing u.s Ittondarv state formations, in Iran, in North­ The actor, then, is at the centre of Harris's and places. Two years later Robert eama.t eastern Nigeria, and in Mexico respectively, en'Juiry. But first comes a description of the restated Herbert· Spenser's general thesis ­ md therefore do not contribute directly to the Tal.ta world, as it presented itself in the early the states evolved by processes of WU' • ~ raised by Fried, Carneiro and Service, fiftIes, when Alfred and Grace Harris carried geographically circumscribed regions suds • though they provide interesting materials, out their field study. The Taita habitat and Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Indus val1c1. ~r~aches and hypotheses. An essay by subsistence economy and their political and In 1975 Elman Service reconsidered .. V. nltg~~g Weissleder on 'Aristotle's concept cultural contacts with neighbouring tribes Origins of the state & civilization, criticid Of pohucal structure and the state' seems and coastal traders before the missionaries Morton Fried's hypothesis, and concluded" Knngely out of place in this company, even arrived in the 1880'S and the British Colonial the first states emerged in Meso~ government took over, are described in Egypt, the Indus valley, China, Peru" ~ Iklre so ,than Robert Carneiro's concluding e ~'hICh, outline. Then follows an account ofthe social Central America prior to the ~ :c on the principle of competitive structure. It cOInprised interlocking neigh­ stratification asserted by Fried, when~ elusion or survival of the fittest, projects a 2300 A.D. bour~oods and .villages based on criss-crossing craric chiefdoms with urban centres res~ "odd-state by agnatic, cognatIc and affinal connexions gen­ to internal and external threats by ~r~.·; What does the volume contribute to our ~rsta~ding erated by the 80 per cent. incidence of intra­ themselves with the consent of therr ofstate origins and formation? foretfeetivedefe.nce.Serviceexpli~dyin~ o an Immediate solution of the hoary village marriage. The village was dominated ~oblem by non-exogamous patrilineal ~ great lineages' popular perceptions of ritual, social and ~ ofhow or why the first four or five 'bt~ ' and was presided over by elders who derived benefits as the decisive condition for ~ n. arose, it makes little advance on Krader, their authority from their ritual status and sion ofthese antecedent theocracies intO ~ en though Henry Wright's essav. based on ~rc~ in southwesteTn Iran, 'is rich in control over the 'juridical rites' ofoath, ordeal fledged states. .- and conditional curse. Last comes an outline of The alternatives advocated by Servt« -'ge)Uons which receive some support froln framew.or~ ~h~ OUter contributions on the fornlations of the religious domain. Each community had Fried i>rovide the for t:: Seers who transmitted demands from the collection ofessays. Carneuos thes~~---.l H'0neb.ry states by Barbara Price and the ~.t~. Creator and other mystical agencies such as discussed and Krader's contribution I~. Ho\vever, the real value of the book IS lSt~ In bringing together the present range the ancestors and the Great Medicines. There The volume therefore concentrates 011.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Facing Politics and Power in Anthropology
    PART ONE: POWER AND POLITICS FROM STATELESS SOCIETIES TO GLOBAL CAPITALISM FACINGFACING POLITICSPOLITICS ANDAND POWERPOWER ININ ANTHROPOLOGYANTHROPOLOGY Early Anthropological Perspectives on Power Power and social stratification Power and “complex societies” Politics is the process by which power is distributed and decisions are made Weber: power—coercion & authority Early Anthropological Perspectives on Power AUTHORITY: 1. Legal-Rational Authority 2. Traditional Authority 3. Charismatic Authority Typologies of Power and Political Systems Evolutionary typologies Kinship to State --Maine (1861): Status vs. Contract --Morgan (1877): Descent group vs. Property --Engels (1884): Kinship vs. Territory --Durkheim (1893): Mechanical vs. Organic Solidarity --Mauss (1925): Gift exchange vs. Commodity exchange Typologies of Power and Political Systems Service (1962) Sahlins (1963) Childe (1936) Fried (1967) Johnson and Earle (1987) Earle (1978) Hunter- Band (family level) Head man Egalitarian society gatherers Farmers Tribe (local group) Big man Ranked society Civilization Chiefdom Simple Stratified Society Complex Stratified society State State State State Typologies of Power and Political Systems Structural-Functionalist correspondences: Meyer Fortes & E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1940:5-6) sub-Saharan Africa, two forms of polity: “primitive states”—kingship & office “stateless societies”—descent Typologies of Power and Political Systems --evolution of social complexity as a political process --control over labour of non-kin --Elman Service (1962): Band,
    [Show full text]
  • People Without Government
    People Without Government Brian Morris 2007 Contents 1. Two Images of Humans ..................................... 3 2. What is Politics? ......................................... 3 3. Societies without Government ................................. 7 4. Three Contexts of Politics .................................... 7 5. Matriliny and Mother Goddess Religion ............................ 12 2 1. Two Images of Humans Western social science and eco-philosophy are perennially torn between two contradictory images of the human species. One, associated with Thomas Hobbes (1651), sees human social life as a“war against all,” and human nature as essentially possessive, individualistic, egotistic and aggressive, it is a basic tenet of the “possessive individualism” of liberal political theory (MacPherson 1962).The other, associated with Rousseau, depicts human nature in terms of the “noble savage” — of the hu- man species as good, rational, and angelic, requiring only a good and rational society in order to develop their essential nature (Lukes 1967: 144–45). Both these ideas are still current and have their contemporary exemplars. In the writing of many ecofeminists and Afrocentric scholars, a past Golden Age is portrayed — in which peaceful social relations, gender equality, and a harmony with nature were the rule — before the rise respectively of bronze age culture and colonialism (Eisler 1987, Diop 1989). Both these images share a similar theoretical paradigm which sees human relations as solely “determined by some natural state of human beings” (Robarchek 1989: 31). The contributors of the volume Societies at Peace (Howell and Willis 1989) all eschew, along with Robarchek, this biological determinism, and emphasise an approach that dispenses with “universalistic definitions,” suggesting that human behaviour is never culturally neutral, but always embedded in a shared set of meanings.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Anthropology and Two Contrasting Uses of Tribalism in Africa Author(S): Peter P
    Society for Comparative Studies in Society and History Social Anthropology and Two Contrasting Uses of Tribalism in Africa Author(s): Peter P. Ekeh Reviewed work(s): Source: Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Oct., 1990), pp. 660-700 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/178957 . Accessed: 23/01/2012 10:57 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press and Society for Comparative Studies in Society and History are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Comparative Studies in Society and History. http://www.jstor.org Social Anthropology and Two ContrastingUses of Tribalismin Africa PETER P. EKEH State University of New Yorkat Buffalo A remarkablefeature of African studies has been the sharpdiscontinuities in the characterizationof transitionsin African history and society from one era to another. Thus, for an important example, colonialism has rarely been related to the previous era of the slave trade in the analysis of any dominant socioeconomic themes in Africa. Such discontinuity is significant in one importantstrand of modem African studies: The transitionfrom the lore and scholarshipof colonial social anthropologyto postcolonial forms of African studies has been stalled into a brittle break because its central focus on the "tribe" has been under attack.
    [Show full text]
  • Concept of Tribal Society1 Edited by Georg Pfeffer2 and Deepak Kumar Behera3
    Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies. Volume Five, Concept of Tribal Society1 Edited by Georg Pfeffer2 and Deepak Kumar Behera3 Reviewed by Peter W. Van Arsdale 4 For those of us who cut our teeth on tribal studies, fortunately, was rectified as I worked toward this book, edited by Georg Pfeffer and Deepak Kumar completion of my Ph.D. at the University of Colorado, Behera, can serve both as a welcome theoretical although Southeast Asian societies received more refresher and an innovative pragmatic compilation. It attention than did South Asian societies. contains a well-written introductory chapter which lays out the history of tribal studies from interactive – and For this review I have selected two chapters from at times contradictory – Euroamerican and Indian the first (South Asian) section of the book and two professional perspectives. The introduction reminds from the second (non-South Asian) section to us of the classic work of anthropologists such as E.E. emphasize. They stand out not only as being well- Evans-Pritchard, Marshall Sahlins, and Edmund Leach. researched and well-written but as exemplars of the It also reminds us that “tribe” is by no means a unitary diversity of material Pfeffer and Behera have included. or unifying term. Each in its own way strongly reinforces the notion that cultural – perhaps even culturological – analyses have What is a tribe? This is the central conceptual merit as researchers attempt to understand tribal question asked by the book. More than any other society in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Each recent book of its type, Concept of Tribal Society also reinforces the notion that to understand successfully addresses the diversity of tribal societies contemporary tribes you must understand their found in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Papers, Diaries, Notes, and Tapes of Anthropological Research
    Journal of East Asian Libraries Volume 1991 Number 92 Article 5 2-1-1991 Life in the Field: The Papers, Diaries, Notes, and Tapes of Anthropological Research Conducted by Morton Fried in China (1947-48) and Taiwan (1960s) Available in the Columbia University Libraries Frances LaFleur Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal BYU ScholarsArchive Citation LaFleur, Frances (1991) "Life in the Field: The Papers, Diaries, Notes, and Tapes of Anthropological Research Conducted by Morton Fried in China (1947-48) and Taiwan (1960s) Available in the Columbia University Libraries," Journal of East Asian Libraries: Vol. 1991 : No. 92 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal/vol1991/iss92/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of East Asian Libraries by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. LIFE IN THE FIELD: THE PAPERS, DIARIES, NOTES, AND TAPES OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY MORTON FRIED IN CHINA (1947-48) AND TAIWAN (1960S) AVAILABLE IN THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES* Frances LaFleur Columbia University Columbia University's C. V. Starr East Asian Library was founded in 1901 and presently holds over 500,000 volumes in the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Manchu, and Mongol languages as well as western-language books and periodicals relating to the study of East Asia. Vernacular and western materials cataloged since 1981 are housed in open stacks in the library's headquarters in Kent Hall; some of the older Chinese and Japanese materials are housed in stacks in the Library Annex, open to Columbia affiliates and to outside scholars and researchers with an introduction to Starr Library.
    [Show full text]
  • 9564.Ch01.Pdf
    one · Gender and the Problem of Prehistory IMAGINING PREHISTORY To examine the contested issue of gender in ancient Near Eastern prehistory, I be- gin with a definition of the period. Prehistory is the time before the invention of writing (which took place around 3500 bce in the ancient Near East). This period is divided into several major eras of human development in eastern Europe and the ancient Near East: late Paleolithic (c. 30,000–9000 bce), proto-Neolithic and Neo- lithic (c. 9000–5600 bce), and Calcolithic (5600–3500 bce). In the European late Paleolithic, we begin to have some evidence of human creative consciousness in the form of cave paintings, figurines, and tools decorated with designs or with figures of animals or humans. The Neolithic is divided from the Paleolithic by the move- ment from food gathering (hunting and collecting fruits, nuts, and plants) to food growing and domestication of animals. The Calcolithic describes a time of more developed agriculture (including the use of the plow and irrigation) as well as trade and early urbanization. The Neolithic revolution took place gradually in the ancient Near East between 9000 and 7000 bce. At first, herds of wild animals or areas of wild grains were cor- doned oª and controlled by more settled human groups; later, with full domestica- tion, animals were bred for food, milk, or skins, and seeds were conserved for plant- ing grains. These innovations developed along parallel lines in several places in the ancient Near East and spread to other nearby areas. There was not a uniform, straightforward pattern of development.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Variability in Magic, Divination and Religion
    THE EVOLUTION OF VARIABILITY IN MAGIC, DIVINATION AND RELIGION: A MULTI-LEVEL SELECTION ANALYSIS A Dissertation by CATHARINA LAPORTE Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Michael S. Alvard Committee Members, Jeffrey Winking D. Bruce Dickson Jane Sell Head of Department, Cynthia A. Werner December 2013 Major Subject: Anthropology Copyright 2013 Catharina Laporte ABSTRACT Religious behavior varies greatly both with-in cultures and cross-culturally. Throughout history, scientific scholars of religion have debated the definition, function, or lack of function for religious behavior. The question remains: why doesn’t one set of beliefs suit everybody and every culture? Using mixed methods, the theoretical logic of Multi-Level Selection hypothesis (MLS) which has foundations in neo-evolutionary theory, and data collected during nearly two years of field work in Macaé Brazil, this study asserts that religious variability exists because of the historic and dynamic relationship between the individual, the family, the (religious) group and other groups. By re-representing a nuanced version of Elman Service’s sociopolitical typologies together with theorized categories of religion proposed by J.G. Frazer, Anthony C. Wallace and Max Weber, in a multi-level nested hierarchy, I argue that variability in religious behavior sustains because it provides adaptive advantages and solutions to group living on multiple levels. These adaptive strategies may be more important or less important depending on the time, place, individual or group. MLS potentially serves to unify the various functional theories of religion and can be used to analyze why some religions, at different points in history, may attract and retain more adherents by reacting to the environment and providing a dynamic balance between what the individual needs and what the group needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinship As an Assertion of Sovereign Native Nationhood Christina Gish Hill Iowa State University, [email protected]
    World Languages and Cultures Publications World Languages and Cultures 5-2013 Kinship as an Assertion of Sovereign Native Nationhood Christina Gish Hill Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/language_pubs Part of the American Literature Commons, Language Interpretation and Translation Commons, and the Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ language_pubs/152. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the World Languages and Cultures at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in World Languages and Cultures Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kinship as an Assertion of Sovereign Native Nationhood Abstract As a concept, the nation is maddeningly difficult to define. Like “spirit” or “health”, the term “nation” encompasses a multiplicity of meanings that shift depending on the context. John Carlos Rowe has argued that the “...use of the word national ...refers to a complex and irreducible array of discourses, institutions, policies, and practices which, even if they are in flux or in competition with other structures and allegiances, [i] cannot be easily wished away.” Despite its fluid nda constructed nature, the nation is nevertheless quite real [ii] and has had, since its inception, power to order the world. Because the word has such a multiplicity of meanings, I use the term in a broad sense, to refer to a collectivity with political autonomy recognized by others outside of the scope of its influence.
    [Show full text]
  • Leslie White (1900-1975)
    Neoevolutionism Leslie White Julian Steward Neoevolutionism • 20th century evolutionists proposed a series of explicit, scientific laws liking cultural change to different spheres of material existence. • Although clearly drawing upon ideas of Marx and Engels, American anthropologists could not emphasize Marxist ideas due to reactionary politics. • Instead they emphasized connections to Tylor and Morgan. Neoevolutionism • Resurgence of evolutionism was much more apparent in U.S. than in Britain. • Idea of looking for systematic cultural changes through time fit in better with American anthropology because of its inclusion of archaeology. • Most important contribution was concern with the causes of change rather than mere historical reconstructions. • Changes in modes of production have consequences for other arenas of culture. • Material factors given causal priority Leslie White (1900-1975) • Personality and Culture 1925 • A Problem in Kinship Terminology 1939 • The Pueblo of Santa Ana 1942 • Energy and the Evolution of Culture 1943 • Diffusion Versus Evolution: An Anti- evolutionist Fallacy 1945 • The Expansion of the Scope of Science 1947 • Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology: A Rejoinder 1947 • The Science of Culture 1949 • The Evolution of Culture 1959 • The Ethnology and Ethnography of Franz Boas 1963 • The Concept of Culture 1973 Leslie White • Ph.D. dissertation in 1927 on Medicine Societies of the Southwest from University of Chicago. • Taught by Edward Sapir. • Taught at University of Buffalo & University of Michigan. • Students included Marshall Sahlins and Elman Service. • A converted Boasian who went back to Morgan’s ideas of evolutionism after reading League of the Iroquois. • Culture is based upon symbols and uniquely human ability to symbolize. • White calls science of culture "culturology" • Claims that "culture grows out of culture" • For White, culture cannot be explained biologically or psychologically, but only in terms of itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Development Team
    Paper No. : 02 Social Cultural Anthropology Module : 24 Introduction to Political Anthropology Development Team Principal Investigator Prof. Anup Kumar Kapoor Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Paper Coordinator Prof. Sabita Acharya, Department of Anthropology, Utkal University,Bhubaneshwar Indelha Khan Content Writer Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Prof. A.K. Sinha, Department of Anthropology, Content Reviewer Panjab University, Chandigarh 1 Social Cultural Anthropology Anthropology Development of Political Anthropology Description of Module Subject Name Anthropology Paper Name 02 Social Cultural Anthropology Module Name/Title Development of Political Anthropology Module Id 24 2 Social Cultural Anthropology Anthropology Development of Political Anthropology Table of contents: Introduction 1. Development of political anthropology 1.1 The Nineteenth-Century Evolutionists 1.2 The Reaction 1.3 The British Functionalists 1.4 The Neo-Evolutionists 2. Evolution of political societies 2.1 Uncentralized Systems 2.1.1 Band Societies 2.1.2 Tribal Level Political System 2.2 Centralized Systems 2.2.1 Chiefdom 2.2.2 State 3. Religion and politics 4. Tradition and modernity Summary Learning objectives: To familiarize with the concept of power, leadership and politics. To understand the concept of political anthropology. To understand the link between religion and politics. 3 Social Cultural Anthropology Anthropology Development of Political Anthropology Introduction: In several occasions, it has been observed that colonial powers or resilient societies have levied political rule on the native people, where previously no such system prevailed. The initiation of elementary form of political system had varying impact in particular societies. Such differences probably originated as a result of functionally relatedness to the cultures and social system of the colliding societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Situating Gender in European Archaeologies
    SITUATING GENDER IN EUROPEAN ARCHAEOLOGIES Edited by Liv Helga Dommasnes, Tove Hjørungdal, Sandra Montón-Subías, Margarita Sánchez Romero, and Nancy L. Wicker BUDAPEST 2010 Front Cover Illustration Gold foil from Rogaland in western Norway showing a man and a woman, often interpreted as the Nordic Vanir god Freyr and his wife Gerd from the family of Giants. 7th–8th century AD. (Photo: Svein Skare. © Bergen Museum, University of Bergen, Norway.) Back Cover Illustration Dama Elche (Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid) ISBN 978-963-9911-15-4 HU-ISSN 1216-6847 © ARCHAEOLINGUA Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, digitised, photo copying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. 2010 ARCHAEOLINGUA ALAPÍTVÁNY H-1250 Budapest, Úri u. 49 Copyediting by Nancy L. Wicker Desktop editing and layout by Rita Kovács Printed by Prime Rate Kft Gender, Individualization, and Affi ne/Consanguineal Relationships in “Egalitarian Societies”: The Awá-Guajá Case ALMUDENA HERNANDO Seeing other cultures through the conceptual structures of our own is a basic problem encountered when dealing with gender issues in societies temporally or spatially remote from ours. Even though the issues involved in equating the concept of gender with its particular incarnation in a given social and historical context have not gone unnoticed by many scholars, gender is nevertheless regarded as “a primary way of signifying relationships of power” (SCOTT 1986, 1067). The theoretical defi nition of the concept of “gender” is not problematic when a study refers to societies characterized by task specialization or power institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: an Introduction, Third Edition
    POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: An Introduction, Third Edition Ted C. Lewellen PRAEGER Political Anthropology POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY An Introduction Third Edition Ted C. Lewellen Foreword by Victor Turner, Written for the First Edition Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lewellen, Ted C., 1940– Political anthropology : an introduction / Ted C. Lewellen ; foreword to the first edition by Victor Turner.—3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–89789–890–7 (alk. paper)—ISBN 0–89789–891–5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Political anthropology. I. Title. GN492.L48 2003 306.2—dc21 2003052889 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright ᭧ 2003 by Ted C. Lewellen All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2003052889 ISBN: 0–89789–890–7 0–89789–891–5 (pbk.) First published in 2003 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 CONTENTS Foreword, Written for the First Edition vii Victor Turner Preface ix 1. The Development of Political Anthropology 1 2. Types of Preindustrial Political Systems 15 3. The Evolution of the State 43 4. Religion in Politics: Sacred Legitimacy, Divine Resistance 65 5. Structure and Process 81 6. The Individual in the Political Arena: Action Theory and Game Theory 95 7.
    [Show full text]