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seedfreedom.info navdanya.org 1 Seed Freedom Authors A Global Citizens‘ Report © Navdanya • Dr. Vandana Shiva • Ghana - Food Sovereignty Ghana April 2015 • Tanzania – Singo Saidi • Zimbabwe – ZIMSOFF (Zimbabwe Smallholders Organic Farmers Forum) Co-ordinated by: • India – Navdanya Ruchi Shroff, Navdanya • Indonesia – Mantasa Elisa Catalini • Australia– Byron Hinterland Seed Savers • Canada – Jodi Koberinski Front page Graphic: • USA – OSGATA (Organic Seed Growers And Trade Association) Charlie Mgee • USA – Seed Broadcast • USA – The Hummingbird Project/Cleveland Seed Bank Translations: • USA – Center for Food Safety Harriett Barham • Latin America – Javier Carrera Natasha Louise Raisch • El Salvador - Ecoviva • Austria – Arche Noah Media Partner: • Croatia – Biovrt - u skladu s prirodom Schrot & Korn Magazin, Tadpole Collective, • Germany – Open house e.V. ESC Communications, SICREA • Greece – Peliti • Italy – Navdanya International Available by Download at: • Portugal – Campanha pelas Sementes Livres www.navdanya.org • www.seedfreedom.info • • Portugal – Circulos de Sementes - Circles of Seeds www.navdanyainternational.it • United Kingdom - The Landworkers’ Alliance and The South West Seed Savers’ Cooperative Contact: [email protected] • [email protected] Published by: NAVDANYA International Via De Pucci, 4, Firenze Designed by: Valentina Fucito 2 3 The Seed Keeper Burn our land burn our dreams pour acid onto our songs cover with saw dust the blood of our massacred people muff le with your technology the screams of all that is free, wild and indigenous. Destroy. Destroy our grass and soil raze to the ground every farm and every village our ancestors had built every tree, every home every book, every law and all the equity and harmony. Flatten with your bombs every valley; erase with your edicts our past our literature; our metaphor Denude the forests and the earth till no insect, no bird no word can f ind a place to hide. Do that and more. I do not fear your tyranny I do not despair ever for I guard one seed a little live seed That I shall safeguard and plant again. Anon. Palestinian poem Organic Seed 4 5 Index The Global Movement 00 for Seed Freedom ......... page 16 01 Africa .............................. page 22 02 Asia - Pacif ic ................. page 46 03 America .......................... page 82 04 Europe ........................... page 132 6 7 making it impossible for small farmers to grow their own diversity, and forcing them into dependency on giant seed corporations. • Genetic contamination is spreading - India has lost its cotton seeds because of contamination from Bt. Cotton, and Mexico, the historical cradle of corn, has lost eighty percent of its corn varieties, and these are but two instances of loss of local and national seed heritage. • After contamination, Biotech Seed Corporations sue farmers with patent infringement cases. More than 80 groups came together recently in the US and f iled a case to prevent Monsanto from suing farmers whose seed had been contaminated. • As farmer’s seed supply is eroded, and farmers become dependent on patented GMO seed, the result is indebtedness. Debt created by Bt. Cotton in India has pushed farmers to suicide. • India has signed a U.S. /India knowledge Initiative in Agriculture, with a representative of Monsanto on the Board, and states are being pressurized to sign agreements with Monsanto. An example is the Monsanto Rajasthan memorandum of understanding (MOU) under which Monsanto would obtain Intellectual Property Rights on all genetic resources as well as research on seed carried out under the Today, the freedom of nature and and our food security. Seed as a common good became MOU.After a campaign led by Navdanya and a “Monsanto Quit India” culture to evolve is under violent Navdanya was started 25 years a commodity of private seed Beeja Yatra (Seed Pilgrimage) with relentless protests by farmers Seed and direct threat. ago to protect our seed diversity companies, traded on the open forced the government of Rajasthan to cancel the MOU. Monsanto The threat to seed freedom and farmer’s rights to save, breed, market. Today, the threat is even inf luence on the US Government and the joint pressure of both on Freedom - impacts the very fabric of human and exchange seed freely, in the greater. Consider the following: governments across the world is a major threat to the future of seed life and the life of the planet. context of the emerging threats and the future of food. Seed keepers, farmers and citizens of the TRIPS Agreement (Trade • The last twenty years have What is at around the world have joined Related Intellectual Property seen a very rapid erosion • Wikileaks exposed the US government’s intentions to proliferate the together as a Global Citizens Rights Agreement) of the World of seed diversity and seed use of GMOs in Africa and Pakistan. Pressure to use GMOs imposed Movement for Seed Freedom to Trade Organization (WTO) sovereignty, and the rapid by US government representatives is a direct effort to support giant Stake respond to this Seed Emergency which opened the door to the concentration of control over biotech business and to expand their markets. Dr. Vandana Shiva and to strengthen the movement introduction of GMOS, patents on seed by a very small number of for the freedom of humanity. seed and the collection of royalties. giant corporations. • For the ballot initiative on GMO labeling in the US, corporations led by Monsanto are pouring millions of dollars to prevent citizens from Seed is not just the source of life. The Global Movement for Seed exercising their right to know and right to choose. It is the very foundation of our Freedom is the start of a global A Monsanto representative • Acreage under GM corn, soya, being. For millions of years, seed campaign to alert citizens and later stated “In drafting these canola, cotton has increased These trends demonstrate a total control over the seed supply and a has evolved freely, to give us the governments around the world on agreements we were the patient, dramatically. destruction of the very foundation of agriculture. The disappearance of diversity and richness of life on how precarious our seed supply diagnostician, physician all in one”. our biodiversity and of our seed sovereignty is creating a major crisis for the planet. For thousands of years has become and, as a consequence, Corporations def ined a problem • Besides displacing and agriculture and food security around the world. farmers, especially women, have how precarious our food security - and for them the problem was destroying diversity, We are witnessing a SEED EMERGENCY at a global level. evolved and bred seed freely in has become. farmers saving seed. So they patented GMO seeds are also Determined action is called for before it is too late. partnership with each other and offered a solution, and the solution undermining seed sovereignty, with nature to further increase the Seeds are the f irst link in the food was the introduction of patents the rights of farmers to grow diversity of that which nature gave chain and the repository of life’s and intellectual property rights on their own seeds and to save us and adopt it to the needs of future evolution.As such, it is our seed, making it illegal for farmers and exchange seed. different cultures. Biodiversity and inherent duty and responsibility to to save their seed. cultural diversity have mutually protect them and to pass them on • In countries across the world, shaped one another. to future generations. The growing including in India, new seed of seed and the free exchange of laws are being introduced seed among farmers has been the which enforce compulsory Organic Seed basis to maintaining biodiversity registration of seed, thus 8 9 The assault on Seed base of agriculture, encouraging corporate monopoly on seed. allows the patent holder to exclude monocultures of rice, wheat and Whether it be breeders rights everyone else from, making, A reductionist, mechanistic corn. Varieties bred for response imposed through UPOV 91, or selling, distributing and using the science and a legal framework for to chemicals were declared Miracle Patents on Seed, or Seed Laws that patented product. With patents on privatizing seed and knowledge Seeds and High Yielding Varieties require compulsory registration seed, this implies that the farmers’ of the seed reinforce each other (HYVs). and licensing, an arsenal of legal right to save and share seed is now to destroy diversity, deny farmers instruments are being invented in effect def ined as “theft”, an innovation and breeding, enclose Industrial breeding has used and imposed undemocratically to “intellectual property crime”. the biological and intellectual different technological tools criminalize farmers seed breeding, commons, create seed monopolies. to consolidate control over the seed saving and seed sharing. The door to patents on seed and seed - from so called HYVs , to patents on life was opened by Farmers varieties have been called hybrids, genetically engineered Every seed is an embodiment of genetic engineering. By adding one land races, primitive cultivars. They seeds, “terminator seeds”, and now millennia of nature’s evolution and new gene to the cell of a plant, have been reduced to a “genetic synthetic biology. The tools might centuries of farmers’ breeding. corporations claimed they had mine” to be stolen, extracted and change, but the quest to control It is the distilled expression of invented and created the seed, the patented. Not only is the negation life and society does not. the intelligence of the earth plant, and all future seeds which of farmers’ breeding unfair and and intelligence of farming have now become their property. unjust to farmers, it is unfair and What I have called the communities. Farmers have bred In other words GMO meant God unjust to society as a whole. “Monoculture of the Mind” seeds for diversity, resilience, Move Over.