IM@SJO Spring 2007 Number 108

FOR PEOPLE WHO LOVE EARLY MAPS THE MAP HOUSE OF LONDON (established 1907)

Antiquarian Maps, Atlases, Prints & Globes

54 BEAUCHAMP PLACE KNIGHTSBRIDGE LONDON SW3 1 NY Telephone: 020 7589 4325 or 020 7584 8559 Fax: 020 7589 1041 Email: [email protected] www.themaphouse.com IMCoS LIST OF OFFICERS President ] OURNAL OF THE Roge r Baskes Directors Themis Strongilos Malcolm R. Young INTERNATIONAL MAP Hans Kok Advisory Council Rodney Shirley (Past President) COLLECTORS' SOCIETY Oswald Dreyer-Eimbcke (Past President) W.A.R. Richardson (Adelaide) Spring 2007 Issue N°·w8 Montserrat Calera (Barcelona) Bob Kan ow (Chi cago) Peter Barber (London) Contents Cathet;ne D elano-Sm.ith (Lo ndon) Helene R.ichard (Pari s) Gi.inter Schilder (Utrec ht) Executive Committee and Appointed Chairman's message 3 Officers Chairman: Hans l(ok From the Editor's desk 4 Poelwaai 15 , 21 62 HA Li sse Demus Reinhartz: Ephemeral Maps? 5 The Netherlands Tel/ Fax: +31 25 2415227 Sjoerd de M eer: Map Treasures Return Home 18 e-mail: [email protected] Udo Kroplien: Maps on Stamps 21 Vice Chairman: Val eri e Newby International Representative: Francis Herbert: Inventory of Maps on Display at the RGS 28 Rolph Langlais General Secretary: Stephen Williams Book reviews 35 135 Selsey R oad, Edgbaston The Late Lord Wardington: Collecting Atlases- A Memoir 41 Bim1ingham B 17 8JP, UK Tel: (0) 121 429 3813 IMCoS Matters 46 e-mail: Stephen_ williamslO@ ti scali.co.uk You write to us so Membership Secretary: Irina Kendix 104 Church Road, Watford, H crts WD 17 Mapping Matters: N ews from. the world of maps 51 4QB,UK T el: (0) 1923 253 379 Jenny Harvey: Exhibition review. London: A Life in Maps 53 e-mai l: memsec. imcos@tiscali .co. uk National representatives 64 Treasurer: Tim Whitten Lower Bonehill Farm , Index to Advertisers 64 Widecombc-in-the-Moor Newton Abbot, Devon TQ 13 7TD Cover map: The fourth state of Polus Antarctiws by 1-l enricus 1-l ondius published in Dealer Liaison and webmaster: Volume V of Atlantis Majoris, 1652. (From th e collection of Mi chael Ross). Yasha Beresiner NB. An article on the four states of this map will be published in rhe Summer issue of 43 T emplars Crescent, London N3 3QR the j on mal. Tel: (0)20 8349 2207 Fax: (0)20 8346 9539 Member Liaison: Caroline Batchelor Copy and other material for our next iss ue (S ummer 2007) should be submitted by I st Journal Editor: Valerie Newby March 2007. Editorial items should be se nt to: The Editor: Val eri e Newby, Prices Cottage, 57 Quainton Road, North Marston, Bucks Co-ordinator of National MK18 3PR United J(ingdom T el. 01296 670001 email: valeri c.n [email protected] Representatives: Robert Clancy Librarian: David Gestctner Designer: Jo French Flat 20. 11 Bryanston Square, London Wll-12DQ Advertising Manager: Jenny Harvey, 27 Landford Road, Putney, Londo n SW15 1 AQ Photographer: David W ebb email: j [email protected] IMCoS administrative office: Rogues Roost, Poundsgate, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ13 7PS, UK Fax: (0) 1364 631 042 All signed articles arc the copyright of the author and must not be reproduced without the written consent of the author. Whilst every care is taken in compiling this joumal, the Society cannot accept any e-ma iI : fi na ncialsecretaria t@i mcos.org responsibilicy for the accuracy of the infom1ation included herein.

www.imcos.org 1 2 IMCoS Journal A LETTER FROM THE lMCoS CHAIRMAN llans Kok

ur SpringJournal - by vi rtue of its title and by being the first one in the 2007 edition - takes our minds to the start 0 of the new li fe -cycle in nature, but that applies only if you reside on the northern hemisphere. Those li ving "down under" (not only Australians') arc looking upon wintertime now. As "down- under" and "up-there" arc concepts hard to defend in both as tronomical and ca rtographica l sense, I had best leave them alone and ta lk about other matters, more of interest to our readers, I hope. Our President, Roger Baskcs, has announced that he wants to step down fi·om his function by June 2007 in view of new commitments at The Newberry Library as these might confli ct with his IM CoS interests. The search for a successor is on! We have meanwhile been successful in finding Hans Kok, a new Treasurer for the Society; as a matter of fact Clwimwn of we were lu cky in having a choice between two IMCoS. excell ent ca ndidates. H e wi ll be nominated during this Journal Valerie will give more details, at least the next AGM in June; it is good to know that, as fa r as currentl y avai lable. when in need, there arc members stepping Before that, yo u arc all most welcome to forward to help fill the gaps. participate in the map evening, being organised in The Executive Committee has taken the deci­ London on Tuesday Jrd April, 2007 (not Monday, sion to cancel the planned Moscow event in view as promulgated on a previous occasion!), chaired of various difficulties in organizing it; the efforts of by Francis Herbert. Of course, you would need to Andrcy Kusakin and Iri na Kcndix have come to be "within range" ofLondon at that time. naught without any fault on their sid e. As soon as Returning to the concept that spring is the the occasion aris es, we might take up the idea growin g season : may maps - old and not so old - again . In view of the timing of the Guatemala and continue to grow upon you' the New Zealand Symposiums (in February 2007 and 2008 respectively), there is hardly a time-lapse between Symposiums that we could not li ve with. JoiNING IMCoS For those members w ho have blocked time in their agendas and now find themselves without Would all members encourage their friends and cartographic pastime, the good news is that there colleagues to join our Society. Tell them we arc a will be an alternative in Chicago in ea rl y happy bunch of people who both love to coll ect November 2007. You might say that this is a and study early maps and that they would be most goodbye present fi·om our current President as he welcome to share in our events around the World. is involved in the organisation of "Maps", a huge event coin ciding with and complementing the Current membership prices are:- Kenneth Ncbcnzahl Lectures and the meeting of the Society for the History of the Discoveries Annual £35 ($75) (S HD). An impressive number of cartographic Three Years £85 ($190) events will take place at various famous venues in Junior members pay 50% of the full subsc ription (a Chicago; some of them will be there for an junior member must be under 25 and/or in full extended petiod afterwards as well. Elsewhere in time education).

WWW.1111COS.Org 3 fROM THE EDITOR'S DESK Valerie Newby

n a recent television programme call ed and she loved it so much she made three or four "Fortune Seekers" w here ten people were visits and felt quite distressed when she learned it sent on a treasure hunt across the world using was closing in March. Sec her review on page 53. I maps and a globe, it was blithely stated that Other treats in this issue arc the introduction to "boys are better than gi rl s at reading maps." Do the Sotheby's catalogue of his coll ection by Lord you think this is true' If you have a view do write Wardington. One of our members suggested we and tell us . reprint this for mem.bers who did not attend the As I write this we are in the throes of some of sa le and don't have access to the catalogue because the wettest weather l have ever experienced. The his wtiting was so moving and so well described fields around my home have been transformed into the hopes and aspirations of a book and map lakes which arc attracting seagulls and ducks. All collector (albeit a slightly richer one than most). quite bizarre as we are more than 80 miles away Dennis Reinhartz of the University of Texas at from the nearest coastline. In contrast to this damp Arlington has added colour and interest with his prospect is an exciting year ahead for map enthusi­ piece on ephemera and Udo Kropli cn has put pen asts starting with the IMCoS symposium in to paper about his collection of maps on stamps. Guatem.ala - the Society's first visit to Central Having canied the responsibility of IMCoS Am.erica. Other events throughout the year Advertising Manager for nearly four years our long­ include the London weekend, lectures and map fair time member Rolph Langlais has decided to pass on at Olympia in June and the C hi cago festival of this task to Jenny Harvey. Rolph fe lt that havi ng n1.aps in November. There are also many map been elected the IMCoS International exhibitions in libraries and museums around the Representative last June it was timely for him to world which arc all listed on John Docktor's relinquish the advertising job. He believes it is website (www.d()cktor.cof!!). I counted 36 differ­ "unwise and improper to amass functions." I am ent exhibitions last time l looked which struck me sure you will all welcome Jenny, our past chaimun, as quite amazing. l hope many of you were able to to her new post. Full contact details on page 1. visit the exhibition at the British Library "London. A life in maps." I asked Jenny Harvey to review it We look forward to seeing you all in June. Please send in your booking forms as soon as possible.

Members should note that some changes to the lMCoS constitution will be announced on our website from 1st May onwards.

Valerie Newby 7 Editor / / • <• / .J .>

4 IMCoS Journal EPHEMERAL MAPS? 1 by Dennis Reinha rtz

Ephemera. Printed material intended fo r transient wars, th ey gradually became more associated with use . It is 110t uwde with th e intention of ha ving lon}f or travel and touri sm. Visito rs to a new place usc lasting 11a lu e. Ex m11ples of ep/1 e111 era are bus tickets, map postcards to find their w ay aro und or se nd ti111 etab/es, or ro ute 111aps .2 them back ho me or to fti ends and relati ves. R esidents send them to relati ves and fti ends w ho T hroughout th e histo1-y of cartography there are so mewhere else . has been cartographic ephemera. It fi·cqucntly has As ill ustrated by Texas USA ,S in that state, for been of so me significa nce w hil e at th e sa me time example, map postcards are associated with a going relati vely unnoticed and being neglected in strong tradition of boostcri sm and are therefo re its ow n times . The source of this seeming incon­ represe ntati ve " propaganda cartography" w here gruity li es in its purposcly-tcmpo ra1-y existence the maps often arc subordinated to other themes that is alluded to even in the simple definiti o n of the postcards. They can then be seen as carti­ cited above fro m the hi ghl y praised manual fo r fac ts. Also, their images are conu11o nly not coll ecto rs by the prominent Ameri ca n rare book created by trained cartographers, but by design and map dea ler Francis J. M anasc k. artists and cartoonists. H ence, there more o ften C ontempo raril y, w hen society demands larger than not exists considerable tensio n between and larger numbers of print and electro ni c repro­ content and fun ction in map postcards6 ducti o ns the apparent contradi cti o n of so-ca ll ed The handy, beautiful, and evocati ve postca rd ephemeral maps is sharpened by not o nly their map of the M etro in Barcelona, Spain , was initially calculated disposabili ty, but their ubiqui ty as well. created fo r usc by the myriad visitors to the city Souverr ir plate - Included in this expanding ca tego1-y of m odern during the 1992 Olympic Gam es and the Map of U SA cartographic ephemera arc travel maps such as Columbian discovery of the N ew W orld SOO th T hro u g h th e Eyes to urist and road maps, postca rd maps, building Anniversa ry celcbration7 Like others of its kind o f Texas, c.1930 and compound locator maps ("You arc here!"), advertising maps, and news and weath er maps, amo ng o thers. But what do those of us w ho have an under­ standing of m aps really m ean by ephemeral cartog­ raphy? I purposefull y phrased the title of this article as an interrogati ve because I mea n here to explo re and perh aps expand our understanding of this large, complex, and remarkable genre of maps. In the process, some distincti o n too must be made between ephemeral cartography and the related genre of 'carti facts,'J objects embrac ing carto­ graphic clements, but w hose principal functi o ns are no t cartographic. As with this colourful c.1 930 Map cif USA ThroiiJ? h Th e Eyes Of Texas souveni r plate, cartifacts usually arc le ss carto­ graphi c and also less disposable. H owever, the two o ften intersec t signifi cantly, at times making independent interpretatio ns diffi cult. Several vari eties of cartographic ephemera - most notably postcard maps, tourist maps, and road maps - regul arly arc associated with travel. According to Patri cia Gilm.artin, the earliest map postca rds date bac k to th e Austro-Hunga ri an Empire in 1869 and the Franco-Pruss ian W ar in 1871.4 Thereafter, while still being associated w ith

WWW.ImCOS.org 5 Ephemeral Maps:>

Barcelona - Red de Metro c. 1990 - postcavd map of Ba••celo11a fi•om the col/ectio11 of De1111is a11d Judy R einlwrlz. from around the worl d, its obj ective is to fac ili tate Salva dor D ali and Joan Mir6 . T he outstanding effi cient human transit via the maj or underground attribute of colour particul arly evokes the ener­ transportatio n network , in this case of Spain 's geti c inventiveness of Mir6. Today, their art thor­ second largest city - simply, to get use rs from o ughly affects th e urban environment of points A to D. To accomplish this, any subway Barcelo na. T his undergro und map works map need onl y minimall y refl ect the above ground admirably, and is attracti ve to boot. Art and func­ urban reali ty. tio n com e together w itho ut a gli tc h to m eet the A Texan's Map of With its irregul ar strea ms of bold opaque demands made of itH the United States colours des ignating the M etro routes that form a A Texan's Map of the Un ited States9 IS an (Chicago: Cuvt great fa n under the city, this map is intentionall y exemplar of a T exas brag map postcard, and this Teich & Co.Inc, suggesti ve of Barcelo na's artisti c heritage, above all o ne has a m ore defini te attitu de. California is c.1956). Fvom the collection of Dennis the works of the 111 odem is111 o architect Antoni o labell ed only as "Uninhabitable," Fl o rida as and Judy Reinha1•tz. Gaudi i Coro net and the surrealist painters "Swamp Land," and the entire northeast as "Damned Yankee' La nd. " T he nati on's capital is "Snafu D .C.," and apparently just for sport, word­ TK·ll8 A TEXAN'S MAP Of THI play is used to make the Carolinas "Carol's Line," UNITED Wisconsin "Wise Cousin," and O regon "All Gone." This copy of the map postcard has " Freeport" indica ted o n the map in ballpoint ink and on the reverse side in th e sa m.e hand says, "This gives you the general idea where Freeport is .from Austin. Bette M ays ." As James Akerm.an, Director of the H ermo n Dunlap Smith C enter for the History of C artography at T he N ewberry Library in C hicago, has pointed o ut, each w ritten message and es peciall y each annotation on the map side, su ch as "we were here," transfon11s a mass-produced card into a new manusc ript map. IO Pre-1920's map (a nd pi cture) postca rds had limited or no spa ce fo r real w ritten messages, hence the greater tendency to annotate them. M ap postcards (a nd other fo rms of ca rtographic

6 I M Co S JournaJ ephemera as well) are diffi cult to place in time. Mailed versions with postmarks and/ or written contents on them sometimes make th em easier to date. T exas brag ca rds are sources for understanding T exas popular cul ture and re- em phasize that Texicans are very proud of their state and its history, geography, and ac hi evem ents. Perh aps th e las t thing that they tell us is that T cxicans also have a great se nse of hum.o ur. They no t only like to make fun of oth ers, but they also like to j oin o th ers in lau ghing at th emselves; the latter tendency is refl ecti ve of th ei r security and self­ confide nce. When taken together with the other aspects of map postcards alluded to above, it underscores w hy then ca n be considered as more than simple ephemera. I I As another cxam.ple and to emphasize this important point, look at this Austin 's landmark map of 1829 (first published by New Zealand simple N ew Zealand humo ro us exaggerated post Tanner in 1830) and was iss ued as a traveller's c.2000 p11blished l•y NeiV Zealaud card and the story it tcll s. 12 pocket map at the time of th e annexati o n of T exas So11veuir Co. Ltd. T ourist and the closely related booster and to the U nited States to fac ilitate immigrati on to From tl1e collectiou advertis ing maps arc three mo re common forms of th e new independent republi c-turned-state, w hi ch of Derwis aud ]11dy ephem era in the history of cartography. As a was a purpose of Austin 's ori ginal map as well. Reiul.artz. nineteenth centLily example of a travel map and to With the initial intention of promotin g his future, return to the T exas theme for a moment, here is a fortune, and position in then M exica n T exas, he third editio n copy of A Map of the United States of stated freely that the objecti ve of hi s map was 'to Mexico ... , published by H cllly S. Tanner in 1846.13 bring this country into the public view, for it has It is an updated primed version of Stephen F. been literally buried in obsc urity up to the last

A Map of the United States of Mexico Philadelphia, H.S. Ta1111er 1846 Co11rtesy of the Virgiuia Garrell CaJ•tographic History Library, Tl1e Uuiversity of Te:cas at Arliugtou.

WWW. II11COS.Ofg 7 Ephemeral Maps>

year.' 14 More modem descendent genera of travel­ marketing cattographic ephemera, of course, are railroad and automobile road maps, especially those now issued by government entities. Tourist maps can be instruments of state. The Pictorial Map of the Caucasus ... is an exceptional and absorbing tourist pocket map issued by Intourist, the major official Soviet travel agency, during the period of the Stalinist first five-year plan in the early 1930's.15 Intourist was founded in 1929 to promote and organize travel to and within the USSR, and this map was one of its earliest cartographic productions. In that it is in English, it is somewhat distinctive. Although Great Britain and the emerging Soviet Union had no official relations until 1928-1929 and the United States and Soviet Union not until 1933- 1934, with the successes of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution and Civil War Engli sh, An1erican, and other foreign visitors were encour­ aged to come to the new Soviet state already after 1924. They were given surprisingly free access and were viewed as a valuable source of Western currencies so necessary to Stalin's transformation of Russia and the other Soviet republics. This map specifically represents part of the early Soviet effort to pron'lote foreign tourism to ---- the recently stabilized Caucasus Mountains' area Pictorial Map of the Caucasus MoscoiV, c.1930. Published by 'Irrtoru·ist'. From the col/ectio11 of Det111is a11d ]atdy Reinha1'tz.

8 IMCoS Journal encompassing Armenia, Azerbaij an, and Georgia. 1928), and sy mpathize rs, would wa nt to travel to Untitled map of On a typi ca lly poor grade of pulp paper, the base this border region of the Soviet Union during the Cancun area, map is a reproducti on of a deft pleasing watercol or tumultuous time of th e first tw o fi ve- year plans p11blislred by CanCJm Tips c.1990. Fr•om (gouache?) of th e region, including several ships and Great D epression? the collectiorr of and an airplane, by a nameless but not untalented Cancun, the island of Cozumcl, and the Dennis atrd ]11dy painter. The important towns, rail roads, and air "Maya n Ri viera" in the M exican state of Reinhar•tz. and sea routes and labelling were somewhat less Quintana R oo on the eastern half of the Yuca tan skillfully yet tastefull y mainl y added later in pen­ Peninsula have been major tourist destinati ons for and-ink to the ori gi nal artwork. Major Russian orth and South Ameri ca ns and Europea ns since cities such as "Kras nodor" "Astrakham," and the the 1960's. T his wam1 and humid coastal area, newly renamed "Stalingrad" (T saritsy n) loom on which is was hed by the Caribbean Sea, has many the hori zon to help provide perspecti ve and se t the wonderful beaches and encompasses or is ncar loca ti on. This is a pleasa nt and artistic map that numerous signifi ca nt pre- Columbian Maya n and generall y accomplishes w hat it is supposed to do­ T oltec Indian hi sto ri ca l sites. Along w ith to lu re th e tourists to a w il d and bea utiful part of Acapulco on the Pac ifi c Coast, it is one of the the borderl ands of Soviet Eurasia. But it begs th e oldest and m ost developed areas pl anned by the ques ti on who, other than th e odd busin ess people, M exica n gove rnment for tourism. technical experts, humanitari ans, diplomats (a ft er This attrac ti ve yet complex untitled map,

Oklahoma (Atoka, Indian Ter1itory: Tire American The American Investment Company Investment Co., ATOKA, INDIAN TERRITORY c.1905)

K A N s A s

(J)

.,

High Grade I First tJortgage f ~eal Estate • Loans

T E

W\vw. imcos.org 9 Ephemeral Maps>

oriented to the east-southeast, from a slick throw­ of Atoka, Indian Territory and its "High Grade away tourist brochure provides visitors with a Mortgage and Real Estate Loans" is a good illus­ marvellous presentation of the region.16 The sun, tration.18 A part of the Louisiana Purchase, the wind face, and fauna and abundant foliage more land that was to become Oklahoma officially came than hint at the climate of the region. The Indian into American hands in 1803. With the largely temples, Indian boats and Spanish ship, and styl­ forcible removal of members of the Five Civilized ized compass rose tell sometrung of its long and Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, diverse historical past to be regarded further. And and Seminole) there from the Southeast after the the abundance of place names and icons on the War of 1812 to join Plains Indians (e.g. Osage) coasts and the profusion of colourful fish offshore already there and other groups (e.g. Delaware) yet additionally emphasize the enjoyments of swim­ to con1.e, it became the Indian Territory of the ruing and diving, fishing, boating, and other water United States. In 1889, a portion of the '\mas­ sports to be enjoyed on a vacation here. This map signed" land of the western part of Indian in the entirety of its style and appearance is inten­ Territory was opened up to White settlement and tionally strongly reminiscent of the pinturas, the was organized as the Oklahoma Territory. The painted European-Indian fusion manuscript maps, two territories were united in 1907 to become the accompanying numerous official reports that were State of Oklahoma, the forty-sixth state of the returned to Spain from its growing New World United States. empire in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth An analysis of this map indicates that it was centuries.17 probably created just prior to, but anticipating Marketing maps form yet another important statehood. The new more exact surveyed red state and pervasive, as well as habitually widely boundaries are overlaid clearly on the more 'Pacific Brarrd' fruit discounted, group ephemera by cartographic ambiguous ones of the older territories. box label from the historians. This excellent anonymous lithograph Appropriately, this map was almost certainly ]olrrrsorr Fruit Co. of map of Oklahoma given away free by and widely distributed by The Ametican Investment Sarrta Barbara, Califorrria, 1917. promoting The Ametican lnvestm.ent Company Company at the time, hoping to capitalize on

10 lMCoS Journal In War, Mistakes Happen

g1 vat tht• CllllL~l St.nes for a nu1 \ By Robert M Gates of reasons nght now. and 1he b< mg " .1 good chance to 'how 11 havt from S< nP n·sull of the 1rag11 allv ought to lt•arned mistaken bomh1ng of h1story that Commumsl IL'

www.imcos.org 11 Printed Maps of Scandinavia The 232-page hardcover volume has more than 180 illustrations, many in color, including several rare and uncommon maps. and the Arctic, 1482-1601 Special features, such as the first translation into English of the Opera Breve of Olaus Magnus, a chart of map lineages, and is the first cartobibliography of the northern algorithms for identifying editions of the maps of Sca ndinavia regions. Each and every woodblock and by Munster and Ortelius enhance its value as a reference work. copperplate map of the area published during Printed Maps of Scandinavia and the Arctic, 1482-1601 is also the selected time period is illustrated and available in a deluxe slip-cased collector's edition limited to discussed in a separate entry. 100 numbered copies.

Printed Maps of Scandinavia and the Arctic is a necessary addition to any researcher's col­ lection, providing both reliable descriptive information and readable map reproductiOns.

Dr. John R. Hebert, Chief, Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress

IT'S FINALLY HERE! This fully illustrated book, with its thorough and clear presenta­ tion, is intended for the experi­ enced collector as well as for anyone with a general interest in maps and Nordic history.

Pal Sagen, l

An outstanding cartobiblio­ graphy! Ginsberg combines the passion of the collector with the intellect and care of the scholar.

Jeremy Pool, MapRecord Publications

To order or for information, Richard B. Arkway, Inc. Kunstantikvariat PAMA Jonathan Potter Limited please contact: Cohen & Taliaferro LLC Pal Sagen +44 (0)20 7491-3520 +1 212 751-8135 +47 22 42 78 00 jpmaps@attglobal. net [email protected] post@an tiquemaps.no www.jpmaps.co.uk www.arkway.com www.ant1quemaps .no Price : £6o + p+p Price : $95 + s/h Price : 650 NOI< + p/p

12 I M CoS Journal THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL SA T U RDAY. IUNE 28. 2001 ------~~~~~~==~~·

Finding Patterns in the Columbia' s Debris Path

ColumDIB ,,....,. st•galor h we .a+O ·ha: tr t uti · 'It came apart at pant 8 o' 'ht.. 22 panes on the iead ng edge The ,m,Lst gat01 eve that ~ne pall r•. tre debr•~ l•eld shO-.. s that t w!et pan of the r>ft w•ng senarated from tre shutt eat tr~ s.!e ol tr'\e o;, go lr : ·e foam atl.ftoft

K£YTOOOTS R.gm~o,ng • DebriS from s,.,w, bc"~V'I Debn • Oebr•s pdne/9 left w ing lrnrr panes 8 ?? ''""'left wing right genera:) Cd"t wing fou~ O

'Fi11di11g Pattems ;,. tire Colu111bia's Debris Path' The New York Times 28th ]u11e 2003. pretty much fur Lhcmselvc>, al lea>L >Ullle fonm of Reaga11 characLerizes cumcrvaLive Alllerica\ jingo­ news cartography deserve further attention here. ist worldview of the 1980's22 The world is Much in the way of illustration is this image of an divided between "West (US)" and "East (Them)." Allied fighter-bomber in the attack mode overfly­ Reagan's home state of California and the ing a version of the world map from the 1482 Ulm Midwest and South, populated by "Republicans edition of Ptolemy. It appeared in The New York and other Americans," dominate the United Ti111es 16th May 1999 Sunday "Week in Review" States, with the "Democrats and other Welfare section on the "OP-ED" page with several Bums", relegated to a diminished commentaries on the accidental bombing of the Northeast.Canada is "A Wholly-owned US Chinese Embassy in Belgrade on 8 May 1999 Subsidiary", Cuba in red is a "Soviet Colony," during the NATO a1r war with Serbia­ and the United States really dominates the Montenegro over Kosovo.20 The Great Power Western Hemisphere. The United States' main intruder in its mission over the archaic flat map ally Great Britain IS derogatorily labelled (world?) has left the Balkans aflam.e (again) with "Thatcherland (a subsidiary of Disneyland)," global repercussions. Africa is generally insignificant, and the "USSR This rendering of the now famous NASA map (Godless Conm

WWW.llllCOS.Org 13 Ephemeral Maps>

The World "long or lasting value," they in fact can and do. As Notes: According to Ronald Reagan. with more standard maps, ephemeral maps can be 1. A version of this article was presented at the 21st Collection of Dennis important sources for the study of the history of International Conference on the History of cartography and Judy Reinhartz. cartography and of historical development, espe­ at the Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest, Hungary cially of the nwdern age. Of particular interest on 17th-22ndjuly 2005. might be the insights they offer into the history of 2. Francis ]. Manasek Collecting Old Maps (Norwich popular culture and socio-cultural-political­ V.T.: Terra Nova Press 1998), 306; also see: Tim economic activity. For example, ephemeral maps Nicholson 'Ordnance Survey Ephemera to 1939' The make up a significant part of the cartography of Map Collector (Spring 1991), 2. modern global denwcracies. But to extract their 3. The designation of'cartifact' was derived from carto­ meanings and whatever else they have to tell us, graphic artifact' by the now retired Philadelphia Free the same strict scholarly methodology we apply to Library librarian J.B. Post, an expert on cartographic other maps must be brought to bear systematically curiosities and author of An Atlas of Fantasy (New York: on ephemeral cartography. Souvenir press, 1979 r1973l). More recently, I have also Ephem.eral maps can be quite enjoyable and been cited for helping to give the tem1 a concise defini­ even provide aesthetic experiences, but they tion. For example, sec: Judith Tyner, 'Folk Maps, nevertheless deserve our greater respect and seri­ Cartoon Cartography, and Map Kitsch' in Mercators ous attention. We are agreed that no people that World (March/ April 2002), 24-29. map are "primitive." ln the same way, though in 4. Patricia Gilmartin, 'Terrae Animatae: Metamorphic the history of modern cartography ephemeral Postcard Maps' The Map Collector (Autumn 1994), 2- 6. maps nuy be extensive, diverse, popular, and 5. 'Texas USA' (Houston, TX: Astrocard Company, conunon, they are not trivial; no maps are. Inc., c.1975), 10.6 x 15 ems. Collection ofDennis and Cartographic maps, like the cartifacts that are not Judy Reinhartz. the central focus of this presentation, deserve more 6. Dennis Reinhartz, 'Texas Map Postcards Revisited: of our honest consideration for they are more than Much More Than Ephemera' The Porto/an (Fall2003), 45. a variety of utilitarian oddities. They also warrant 7. 'Barcelona, Red de Metro' (Barcelona: FISA lndustrias more decided preservation. Gra.ficas c.1990) , 12 x 16.5 ems. Collection ofDennis and Judy Reinhartz.

14 lMCoS Journal 8. Dennis R einhartz, 'The Eyes of th e Beholder: On the bears the stamp of the Manchester Historical Society , Beauty of Maps' presented at th e Fourth Biennial Virginia where it was once deposited. Garrett Lectures on the History of Cartography, 16. Untitled map of Cancun area (Cancun, Mexi co: 'Mapmaker's Vi sion, Beholder's Eyes: The Art of Maps' at Cancun Tips, c. 1990), 20. 2 x 38.4 ems. Coll ection of th e Universi ty of T exas at Arlington, TX, 1st O ctober dennis and Judy R einhartz. 2004, typewritten manuscript, 15-1 6. 17. See: Barbara E. Mundy, MappitiJZ rf New Spaiu: 9. A Texau 's Map rfthe U11ited States (Chicago: Curt T eich Iudigmotts Cartography aud the Maps rf the R elacio11es & C o., Inc., c.l956), 8.89 x 13.97 ems. Collection of Ceograficas (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). Dennis and Judy l"l...einhartz. This and other brag postcard 18. 'Oklahoma' (Atoka, Indian Territory: The American images regularly also appear on refi-i gerator magnets, Investment Co., c.1905), in th e CD Antique Maps qftexas : ashrrays, shot glasses. and asso rted oth er Texas carti fac tual 200+ i\Japs

Deruris Reirrhartz (left) arrd Leorrard Rotlrmarr, pict11red irr Derrver irr 2005 sportirrg cartifact attire!

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T www.i mcos.org 17 MAP TREASURES RETURN HOME

by Sjoerd de Meer C urator of Cartograph y, Rotterdam Mariti me i\luseum

ometimes miracles do happen. A coll ection of (now lost) . Subsequently they were given to the 21 Dutch East India Company (VOC) charts School of Geography in Oxford on permanent on vellum and paper, dated between ] 647 loan. The international scientific world learned of Sand 1670, have found their way home to The the charts in 1937 through an article in I111ago Netherl ands after an absence of nearly 300 years. A1undi, the journal on historical cartography. They No-one today would have thought it possible that were described by the scholar Marcel Destombes such treasures could come on to the market; occa­ in his catalogue of VOC charts of 1941. Ever sionally a single VOC chart might come up for since, the coll ection was known as the "School of sale but never 21 all at once. Geography Collection". H owever, this is exactly what has occurred Whilst in the School of Geography the charts recently. The Rotterdam Maritime Museum were sometimes viewed by sc holars but not bought the charts which show the 'octrooigebied' known to the general public. In the 1970s the (the area under charter) of the Dutch East India current expert on VOC charts, Professor dr. Company between the Cape of Good Hope and GUnter Schilder, saw the charts and described one Japan. Amongst them are eight charts signed by Joan of them in an article in l111ago Mundi in 1976. Blaeu (1599-1 673) who was the official cartographer In 2005 the charts were returned to Corpus ofthe VOC between 1638 and 1673. The remain­ Christi College. But the College was not the ideal der are unsigned but we know two can be asctibed location for them so it was decided to try and locate to Jan Hend1icksz Thim, a cartographer working in a more suitable "home." This is how they came to Batavia about 1670 who went on to become the Sotheby's auction house in London with the request Clwrt of Su.,da chief cartographer of the VOC in Batavia. There are that a buyer be found for the entire coll ection. Stmits by ]a11 also nine maps ofEnglish provenance. In the summer of 2005, Sotheby's asked He11dricksz Thim, 1661-1662. The charts belonged to the Corpus Christi Professor Schilder to write some text for the sale Marmscript chart Oil Coll ege in Oxford, England, forming part of the catalogue without telling him where the charts vellum made i11 legacy of the president of the time, Thomas had come from. GUnter Schilder asked IMCoS Batavia (Mar-itiem T urner, who died in 171 -1-. After this they seem to chairm.an and collector, Hans Kok, with whom he Muserwr Rotter·dam, have been forgotten until the year 1933 when they was working on a catalogue-raisonnee of all VOC i11VIIr.K4075 were accidentally rediscovered by the librarian, charts on vellum preserved worldwide, to travel to stored in what may have been their original tubes London. They were hoping to find a new, previ­ ously unrecorded, set of VOC charts so im.agine : Hans Kok's surprise when he recognized the collection as belonging to the School of Geography. Sotheby's inform.ed him. that this was indeed the case and that the real owner was not so much the School of Geography, but Corpus Christi College. Hans Kok was requested by <~<-·"" ~t.::: Sotheby's to write the entries for the sale catalogue

.•. ~ -? which was printed as a limited edition only, but was kept confidential. DE STRA£T $\'1' DA. Meanwhile, the Rotterdam Maritime Museum .\n 1601 ~l0t0 rLJfi Ucfc~lr. l A~ 1-I:TI .\\ learned that the collection was coming up for sale and as they already own a renowned collection of Dutch maritime cartography, they felt the

I '.. • ~ Museum was the rightful home for it.

.0 The catalogue written by Hans Kok helped to -!' I raise the funds of 2.4 million Euros which was '- .,- JAVA . needed to finance the project. Half of the money was provided by the Ministry of Culture and three major cultural foundations in the country, another quarter share came fi·om several regionally-operating

18 I MCoS Journal C lr a.-t of tir e C lrirra Sea to ] aparr by ] oa rr Blaeu, 1666. (Ma rruscript clra rl orr vellum, Maritiem Museum Rotterdam K4069) maritime foundations. The final 25 percent was these charts. This £1scinating set symbolises the donated by a group of individuals supporting the transmission of Dutch cartographic knowledge to museum as "Friends" and some of the leading the English at the end of the 17th century. maritime fim1s in Rotterdam. An exhibition of them is running at the The collection consists of 13 VOC charts on Museum until September 2007. This is possibly vellum, depicting the Indian Ocean between the the only opportunity the public will have to sec Cape of Good Hope and Sumatra, Sunda Straits (2 the whole collection at one time so we do hope examples), the coast of Java with Bantam and you will come. Address : Leuvehaven 1, 301 1 EA l3atavia, the Moluccas, Java and Borneo, Java Sea Rotterdam Website: www.maritiemmuseum.nl to Japan, Scram, the Gulf of Siam, Gulf of Tongkin, the coasts of Orissa and Coromandcl Opening hours: Tuesday - Saturday I 0.00 - (India) and the Gujarat coast of India. The seven 17.00, Sunday 11.00-17.00. Closed on Mondays charts on paper depict Kathiawar (India), Sri (except in July and August when open between Lanka, India's east coast, Astrachan towards 10.00- 17.00). l3cngal, Bengal (2). and Celebes (Sulawesi). Eight of the charts on vellum arc signed by T he Corpus Christi Collection (the name wi ll Joan Blaeu whose family firm in Amsterdam was be retained) will be available on the museum's the official map maker to the V OC from 1639 website and the national Dutch maritime 'googlc': onwards and produced very high quality maps and www.mariticmdi!!itaal.nl. A high-quality facsimile arlases. Joan Blacu is regarded as one of the best of of the VOC cham and 10 other charts in the his trade during the 17th century. With this new Maritime Museum collections will be published in acquisition, the Maritime Museum owns approxi­ May I June 2007. mately a quarter of all the charts on vellum signed by Joan Blaeu in the World. Six of the charts were De sclwt JIOII C

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20 IMCoS Journal M APS ON STAMPS Collecting on a small scale

by Udo Kropl icn

have to confess straight away that I anl not a map coll ector, nor am I a writer but I was persuaded to write about my stamps showing I maps by my old friend, Rolph Langlais (International Representative for IMCoS). He expressed an interest in my coll ection and felt that other members of the Society would be equally interes ted. My stamp dealer thinks that my collections arc eclectic, if not chaotic. In fact, my collecting falls into four categories: firstly I formed a collection of stamps showing buildings, citi es, churches and monuments which I had seen, took a road map, marked the route of n1.y journey and attached the appropriate stam p to the appropriate place on the map. This part has become a coll ection of some fifty maps meanwhile. The second collection is called by philatelists Fig.1 (above) "stamps on stamps." On many occasions different Map of Georgia countries will issue historical stamps printed on slrowing a terrorist­ new ones. An example would be the celebration safe oil pipeline of a centenary. I have acquired stamp albums one between the Caspian and the hundred years old, to place the 'new' historical Mediterranean Seas. stamps exactly where the original should have Issued Georgia, been. My third coll ection is in its infancy. It is 2003, Michel designed to become a world history as reflected by catalogue no.455. stamps but more of that in the future. My fourth coll ection has been forming since my childhood. l am a geography freak and find atlases the most fasc inating books imaginable. Possibly I should have become a map collector but my love of stamps \vas just too overwhelming. Nevertheless I have fallen in love with maps on stamps. I think it is amazing that such accuracy can be represented on such tiny pieces of paper. You often need a magnifYing glass to decipher the names on a map stamp but there they are, distinct and clear. Not all maps on stamps arc historical. Some maps are recent and may serve reali sti c purposes Fig.2 (left) like installation of a terrorist-safe oil pipeline or to Map of Columbia show the road network of a country, or even to showing tire major demonstrate territorial claims. These stamps lack road network. Issued by Columbia in the beauty of those showing early maps but to my 1961, Michel eyes they still have charm. catalogue no.857.

www.imcos.org 21 Maps on Stamps

0 p Bay of 8 scav ~

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Fig.4 (above) A satellite picture showing the Straits of Gibraltar. Issued by Gibraltar in Fig.J (above) 1978 and one of five A map of Venezuela sluets, Michel showing territorial catalogue rw .372. claims to Guyana. Issued in Venez uela Difficulties o ft en ari se w hen a country tri es to in 1965, Michel ho nour an histori cal period like the Age of catalogue no. 1628. Discoveri es . H ow ca n you illustrate the routes to Asia, Africa or the N ew World on a tiny stamp? Fig.6 (below) This problem is overcom e by issuing sheets of Another example of a sheet map stamp maps with each sheet containing several maps Fig.S (below left) providing ample space to illustrate things li ke the A map to illustrate is this one showing voyages of M arco Polo or the vast Atlantic Ocean. Marco Polo's the North Atlantic. voyages issued by It was issued by the Vatican in 1996. Macao in 1990. Sl1eet 16 , Michel Sheet 16, Micl1 el catalogue no. 1171. catalogue rw. 662. 7, ,, ·'""" n~S.\Il JO Oo.'l llJtORno Oo m.\llco polo O.\llA con,\ ~~~~a~~+m~~-~Mtw~•

22 IMCoS Journal "' ...... CHINH

Fig. 7 (above) This Toscatrelli map was reproduced on a Fig.10 (below) stamp iss11ed by Tire tiny South Vietnam in 1990. African homeland of Michel catalog11e no. Boplruthatsrvana, 2189. now reintegrated into the Rep11blic of South Africa, will be remembered for There arc many examples of old maps on stamps. its amazingly clear For example, a set of stamps com111emorating the and accurate maps discovery of America was issued by Vietnam. It of Africa 011 stamps. Tlris is one stamp shows a Toscanelli map which docs not show the from three sets New World and on which just the ocean separates iss11ed in 1991. Westem Europe from East Asia. Miclrel catalog11e no.269. Fig.8 (above) T11rkey iss11ed the famolls Piri Reis map of the S01rth Atlantic on a stamp in 1983. Michel catalogue no.2631. Fig.9 (below) Tlu beauti[11l map of northern Europe by Abraham Ortelius appeared on a stamp iss11ed by Iceland in 1984. Slreet 6, Michel catalogue no. 616. N ~RDIABA

NORR..£N fRiMERXJA SYN ING REYKJA\'1K 1-1 JULf

AIIIAHA"'"" o•n:ua;s LYSI,_G '-OWI..lSL6oA •SM

www.imcos.org 23 Maps on Stamps

16th century plan of Berlin (right) was issued by tire Gennan Democratic 1986 .Altester Stadtplan Berllns 1648 Republic (CDR) in 1986. Michel , Ill catalogue no.3030. Details of stamps illustrated: Fig. Issued Michel no. Sheet no. Year Description 1 Georgia 455 2003 Pipeline - Caspi an-Mediterranean seas 2. Colombia 857 1961 Main roads of the country 3. Venezuela 1628 1965 Territorial claims to Guayana 4. Gib raltar 372 5 1978 Satellite picture of the Strait of Gibraltar 5. Vatican 1171 16 1996 T he voyages of Marco Polo 6. Macao 662 16 1990 North Atlantic 7. Vietnam 2 189 1990 Ocean between W. Europe and E. Asia 8. T urkey 2631 1983 South Atlantic (Piri Reis) Udo Kroplien lives This view of Venice ira Essen, Germany, 9. Iceland 616 6 1984 Northern Europe (below) by Ignazio and lras been Danti appeared on a 10. Bophuthatswana 269 1991 Southern Africa (Caneiro) collecting maps on stamp issued by tire 11. GDR 3030 1986 l3 erlin city map of 1648 stamps since around Vatican in 1972. 12. Vatican 600-603 3 1972 View of Venice (lgnazio Danti) 1990. Sheet 2, Michel catalogue Note from the edi to r: We wMdd be interested to hear no. 600-603. from other co llecto rs of maps on stamps. . TE VATICANE l.SO : POSTE VATICA •

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www.1mcos.org 27 ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY

Inventory cifmaps on display, 9th june 2006

by Francis Herbert

3. [Isolario for the At;gean Sea] by Bartolommeo he following items were displayed in the Foyle Reading Roon'l of the Royal Zamberti (alias: Bartolonm'leo da li Sonetti) of Geographical Society when IMCoS woodcut charts with letter-press sailing directions T visited on 9th June 2006. Members may in verse or 'sonnets'; with MS (pen & ink) anno­ find this a usefi.1l checklist compiled by Francis tations (Venice, printed by Guilclmus Anima Mea Herbert, Curator of Maps at that time. He has listed Tridensis, [1485]). [Ref: Map Room, 265.F.1] the maps in chronological order as they were set out. Note: * indicates maps available as transparencies from 4. Libro di Benedetto Bordone : Nel qual si ragiona de the Society's Picture Library http:/ /imagcs.rgs.org/. tutte !'!sole del mondo con li lor nomi antichi & modemi,... (Venice: Nicolo d' Aristotile 'detto 1.* The Hereford Cathedral mapparnundi of Zoppino', 1528). [Ref: Map Room, 265.D.14]. Richard de Haldingham (ca1285-1310): manuscript With MS (pen & ink) annotations. facsimile (cunently on 4 sheets), commissioned by the RGS in November 1830 from Thomas Ballard 5.* Ceografia: TmJO!e moderne di geosrafia de Ia maggior of Ledbury, Gloucestershire. [Ref: Map Room, parte del mondo di diversi autor raccolte et messe secondo World 448]. l'ordine di Tolomeo ... (Rome: Antonio Lafreri [et al.] , Notes: See' "The map is a very pretty one" 'by Francis H erbert in Th e Map Collector (ISSN 0140-427X), June 1542-mid-1570s). [Ref: Map Room, 264.G.2]. 1986,35,22-47. (Ref: Library, 443.Dl. An offer from 101 prints (chiefly maps): includes the double-cordi­ the RGS Curator of Maps to loan this fac simile for the fom1 projection world map of A. Salamanca (Rome weekend Conference, and the 3-month exhibition, in :A. Lafreri, c. 1564) and the copper-plate reduction Hereford Cathedral in autumn 1998 was accepted: two (Lafi-eri, 1572) of Olaus Magnus' original 9-sheet sheets (one of which includes the British Isles) were woodcut map of the Northern Regions of 1539. displayed alongside Hereford's origjnal mappamundi. Notes: See Rodney W. Shirley, The mappiug of the world: early printed world maps 1477-1700, 4th ed. 2. * The Cosnwgraphia of Claudius Ptolemy edited, (Riverside CT : Early World Press, 2001), entry no. 91; from a manuscript version, by Donus Nicolaus in the Society's Foyle Reading Room, Map Room German us in the 1460s (U1m: printed by Johannes open reference shelves, is the 1st ed. (1984) with photo­ Reger, 1486). [Ref: Map Room, 263. G .19]. The copies of 2nd ed. ( 1987) 'Pre£1ce' & 'Corrigenda and Addenda' folded in (loose). woodcut maps are those fi·om the 1482 edition (printed by Leonard Hol) and display that edition's 6. Atlantes Colonienses: die Kainer Sc/111/e der vivid hand-colouring; after his bankruptcy some Atlaskartographie 157D-161 0 by Peter Meurer (Bad of these distinctive coloured maps passed to Neustadt a.d. Saale: Pfaehler, 1988), ISBN 3- Reger; thus, this exemplar is a 'hybrid' issue. 922923-33-X, open at entry for QUA 4 - Europae Notes: See (fo r excell ent background and 'in parallel' bibliographic information) the finely illustrated and bi­ totius orbis terrarium parties praestantissimae, ... descriptio lingual Ptolemy's Greece: a comparative study of the maps (Koln: Lambert Andreae, 1594) [Private copy]. from the 'Ceographia', 1477-1730 by E.j. Fi nopoulos and Note: See review by Francis Herbert in The Map Leonora G. Navari (Athens: Society for Hellenic Collector, Spring 1990, 50, 46-47. rRef.: Libraty, 443.D] Cartography, 1990) , ISBN 960-85084-0-1 ; in the Society's Foyle Reading Room, Map Room open 7. Europae totius orb is terrarium parties praestantissimae, ... reference shelves. Once in the Library of William descnptio (Koln: Lambert Andreae, 1594 [or later?]). Morris (social reformer and member of the 'Arts and [Ref: Map Room, 9.C.34]. Similar to Meurer, Crafts' movement, who died 1896) this was donated by Atlantes Colon.ienses (1988) QUA 4 (above). This is an Henry Yates Thompson FRGS, who was the so n-in­ unrecorded variant of the work (with additional law of George M. Smith of Smith, Elder, & Co., maps; others have varying engravers' names, number publishers of the first edition 63-volume (British] Dictionary of national biography (London, 1885-1900). of toponyrns, coats-of-anns, and different portrait).

28 IMCoS Journal 8.* Maps if Great B1itai11 fsic]. Speed [sic]. With MS. Greece, Asia , Africa, and of the Ameri cas with extra additio11 s chicjl)' heraldic [spine title]. A manusCJipt maps up to at least 1731, in cl uding a bound-in (pen & ink) atlas of the British Isles, c. 1605, with 'Audience de Guatimala Par N. Sanso n d'Abbevill e [sic[ Gcographe ordin. du Roi.'- Tom.! I. pa g.52. - fiom a engraved maps by Peter van den Kccre [eta/ .] but hitherto unidentified (by both myse lf and Jason with 'Yorksherc.' in MS. [Ref.: Map Room, Hubbard) wo rk . 264.A.35]. Notes: Sec J\lolllllll ell fa Ca rtograpl1ica Nee rla~ulica, Vll 11.* Atlas Portatif, Universe/ et Militaire, Compose Com e/is C/aesz (c . /55 1-1609) : sti11111lator and drilling force of Dutch cart o,~ raph y, by Gi.intcr Schilder (Alphen aan den d'apres les meilleures Cartes, taut gravees que nwnuscrites , l"tijn : Canalctto/ R cpro-Holland, 2003), [chapter] 16 des plus celebres Ceograph es et Ingenieurs. Par M . 'C ornelis C laesz's role as publisher of atl as editions', Robert, [i. e. Gilles (and Didier) Robert de section 16.7 'A miniature atlas of th e British Isles', Vaugondy] Gcographe ordinairc du R.oi (Paris : pp.482-484 (ill.), [ISBN 90-6469-765-5]. Part of Chez I' Auteur; Durand; Pissot fils, 1748 [i. e. bequest of Mrs H enry Yates Thompso n in 1941 ; see 1749]) . [Ref: Map Room, 26-J. .A.34]. Bea rs, on 'An important gift to th e Sociery's Library' in The front and back outside covers , th e gilded coat-of­ Geographical Joumal (London : R GS) , May 19-1 l , 97(5), arms of the marquise de Pompadour (a mistress of 334. Fo r th e Yorkshire MS map only sec 'Map of the Louis XV); 57 plates are dated 1749 (see the mo nth: " th e greatest Shcirc in Englandc" ' in Geographical (lSSN 0016-7-11X), Junc 2006, 78(6), 16. Society's online ca talogue for details) . Part of [Ref: Library, -t-18.D] bequest of Mrs H enry Yates Thom.pson, 19-1-1 (sec 'Notes' to No.8, above). 9.* Cartes des e11virolls de plusieurs places entre Ia Notes: See Bel et utile : the IVork of the Robert de Vaugo 11dy Nleusc et Ia ivloselle [= Cartes des ell vi roll s de plusieurs fa 111il y of nwp111akers by M ary Pedl ey (Tring : Map Collector Publicati o ns, 1992), ISBN 0-906-1 30-12-7 places, 3] ([Pari s'], [r.167-t-92]). [Ref.: Map [Ref.: Library, 166.B[, where the binding is illustrated R..oom, 5.H .12] . Anonymous MS atl as, fi·om Louis in colour but th e RGS copy is not li sted in the relevant XIV's personal library and bearing one of his 'Atl as ca talogue' (pp.221-225). coats-of-arms, of 29 hand-coloured maps of France's northeastern fronti ers with today's 12. 'Map of the Sea t of War, on the Frontiers of Belgium, Gemuny, and Lu xcm.bourg. No. 20 France, Germany, and the Netherlands, 1794' 'Carte des environs de Luxembourg Assi ege par (Exeter : "Printed and Sold by TQ1omas]. Brice­ 1 l'Arrnee du Roy ... rendu a l'6bcissan ce [ ] du Roy Ptice Three Pence"). [Ref: M ap R oom, 7.C.9]. le -1- Juin 168 -1- ' and no. 21 'Plan de Luxembourg' A typographic (or typomettic) map composed were desc ribed (and No. 21 illustrated) in entirely of pieces of rais ed metal (including letter­ Lu xe /1/U o l//:~ : 11ille obsidio11ale : cartographic et press for pla ce-names) with hand-colouring for i11ge 11ierie europee l/11 es d'u11 e place forte du XVIe au fi·onticrs. Pasted down on extra fl y-leaf at begin­ X IXe siecle by Marcel W atelct (Musee d'Histoire nina of Atlas 111in or: or a new and wrious Set of de Ia Ville de Luxembourg, 1998), ISBN 2- Six"'tyt1vo Maps, . By Herman Moll Geographer 919878-12-3 [Ref.: Foyle R eading Room, Map (London : Thos . Bowles & John Bowles, [ca 174-1-- Room open reference shclvcs J. 45']). Believed to be unique surviving example Notes: Sec 'L'histoirc d'unc coll ection de cartes reunics fi·om this well-known Exeter p1inter and publisher. pour Louis XIV' by Myri cm Foncin in Melang es d'/,istoire Notes: See revi ew essa y, by Francis Herbert, of du livre et des bibliotheques qf{erts Mousieur Frantz Callot, ... a Victoria11 lllaps cif th e British Isles by David Smith (Paris: Librairie d' Agcnces, 1960; Bib. Elzcvirienne : N S (London: Batsfo rd, 1985) in li\ICoS Joumal, Autumn : etudes et documents) , ch. 12, pp.[l19J-1 26. 1986, 6( 1) [= 22], 3 1-3-t (s pecifi cally p. 33) , [Ref.: Library, -t43.G] . For Victorian 111aps ... (1985) see 10. Atlas wrieux f&] Suitte de /'atlas wrieux "Mis au Library, 202.H. j our en 1714. Par lc Sr. de Fer" (Paris: J.F . Benard, 1717+). Four grangerizcd volumes of an original 13. 'Mappa selenographica totam Lunae hCJnis­ Nicholas de Fer work of 1705. fRef.: Map !zoom, phaeram visibilem complectens Obsc rvationibus 7.C.13- 16]. propriis. .. quatuor Scctionibus constructa et delineata Notes: Not in Les atlas fra ll (a is by Mircille Pastourca u Auct01ibus Guilelmo Beer et Joanne H enrico (Paris : Bibliotheque nati onal [de France], 198-t). The Madler ... in lapidcm incidit Carolus Vogel' , Editio MS (pen & ink) 'Tabla' (or 'contents') preceding each Genuina, (Berolini fB erlinJ: Apud Simon Schropp & volume is in Spanish. Vol .4- displayed - contains maps, Soc., 1834[-36J). [Ref: Map Room, Extratcn·csttial vie ws, and engraved de Fer text plates of Italy, Malta,

www.imcos.org 29 RGS Map display

16]. 4-shect map (mounted and joined as 1) by sions', by Francis Herbert, in lll!ago Mundi (ISSN Wilhelm Beer and Johann H einrich Madler, litho­ 0308-5694), 1983, 35 , 67-95. [Ref: Library, graphically engraved by Karl Vogel, of the visible 443.A]. This article, based largely upon documents part of the Moon. in the Society's Archives, is self-explanatory; but Notes: Sec 'B ee r und Madl er als Mondkartograph en the illustrations include 12 photographic portraits A detail of]odows ein Bli ck in di e Bes tand e der Staatsbiblioth ek zu Berlin' from the Picture Library. Hondi11s's map of by Ji.irge n Blunck in M itteiluugen, Freu udesk reis f iir the world 1608 (see Ca rtograp hica iu der Stiftuug Preussischer Kulturbes itz e. V. The three further w orks listed below are on item 15), which (Berlin), 1997, 11 , 25-33 (ill. ). See also Mapping aud hangs 011 the wall at permanent display in the ground floor corridor: the Royal nmning the Moo n : a histo ry of /nn ar ca rtog raphy and nomen ­ Geographical Society clatu re by Ewe n A. Whitaker (Ca mbridge re tc.] in London, a.nd was Cambridge Unive rsity Press , 1999, reprinted 2000), 15.* 'N ova et exacta totius orbis terrarum descrip­ 011 display whe11 fSBN 0-521-62248-4. tio geographica et hydrographica'. C opper-plate IMCoS visited tire w all map of the w orld on 16 main sheets. An Society's headquarter's i11 14. 'The Royal Geographical Society's nl.ember­ nnicum of the Amsterdam 1608 (second?) state of Kensi11gton Gore ship, the map trade, and geographical publishing the map of Jodocus Hondius sr (1563-1 612), last Jutre. (By in Britain 1830 to ca 1930: an introductory essay complete with surrounding engraved vignettes courtesy of the RGS with IBG). with listing of some 250 Fell ows in related profes- and letter-press text. The RGS published a black-

30 IMCoS Journal &- white facsimile (with notes by E. H eawood, sheets ofDutch (with illustrations), Latin, or French Librarian) in 1927. A state of 1603 (also an (without illustrations) letter-press text at bottom. uniwm) was sold at auction in Milan in March China and Korea are now modified, following 1998 and is now in private possession in th e USA. publication of the l111perii Siuan1111 IIOIJa descriptio of Alterations were then made notably to the top Martino Martini SJ (Amsterdam : J. Blae u, 1655). centre (removal of dedication to Prince Maurice Notes: See 'A comparative study of two Dutch maps, of Nassau) and to top left (replacement of map preserved in the Tokyo National Museum :Joan Blaeu's showing dispersal of the sons of Noah by female wa ll map of the world in two hemispheres, 1648 [ .. .)' mythical figures of the four continents); the by Minako Dcbcrgh, in 1111 ago .\Juurli : the joumal cf the Iu tematioual Society for the History of Cartography (Lympne surrounding text and vignettes (small rectangular Castle), 1983, vol.35, 20-36. See also: The uwppiug cf maps depicting historical, classical, and religious the ll'orlrl: early priuterl wor-lrl 111aps 1472 - 1700 by themes) were changed completely. R odney W. Shirl ey, 4th ed. (R.i versidc CT Early Notes: Sec 'New li ght on Jodocus 1-l ondius' great world World JJress, 2001), entry no.37 1. Mercator map of 1598' by B1ian Hooker, in 7"/w Geographical Joumal (London), March 1993, vol.l59 (I), 17.* KUNYU WANGUO QUANTU. - A 45-50 ; and "A newly disco,-crcd 1-londius map' by Paul woodcut map of the world on 6 sheets. The orig­ E. Cohen and Robert T. Augustyn, in T11e .\1aga:::iue A111iques ( cw York), january 1999, vol.l53 (7), 214- inal edition of 1602 was compiled by Matteo 217. See also: T11e 111appiug

This manuscript map of the fortified city of Luxembourg exemplifies the gener-al typical colo11r conventions of late 17th to early 19th-century military mapping; from Louis XIV's private lihar-y. (By COIII'tesy of the RGS with IBG).

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34 IMCoS Journal BOOI( REVIEW'S A look at recent publications

Mapping Paradise : A History of H eaven on Paradise, although one of the quotations he uses to Earth by Alessa ndro Scafi . .British Library, 96 head each chapter is from a Hindu so urce. H e is E uston Road, London 2006. 398 pp, 16 coloured careful throughout to cast no aspersions on ea rlier plates and very many B&W illustrations. ISBN 0- views (unlike previous scholars) and not to 7123-4877-8. Price £35. comment on their ratio nality. At one point he writes: 'The aim in this book is neither to attack Every culture requires its own myths, and nor to defend the relevant religious world view, every religion needs its past as well as its future. but to make a conceptual journey into medieval The idea of Paradise, that Ga rden of Eden w here Christianity in order to answer a specifi c historical th e human race was expelled from bliss to reali ty, ques tion: what were the conditions that made it has well served the Christian reli gion and the possible to represe nt paradise on maps?' This many cultures it has permeated for nearl y two follows three chapters of erudite disc ussio n on the millennia. It even surv ived the discoveries of the surface of the earth and its mapping long aft er it was proved that there was no place on the globe it could actually be located. Very many hours, even years, have been spent on searchin g for this blessed MAPPING PARADISE spot, countless books w ritten, and otherwise intel­ li gent minds devoted to the task. As Scafi points out in his final summing up, almos t all previous A History of Heaven on Earth resea rchers have decried earli er attempts when putting forward their own resolutions. but I feel it is unlikely that there will ever be another thesis to equal this one. Whether you are looking for theo­ ries of the existence of Paradise o r for its place depicted o n o ur earth, no one ca n fail to be impressed by the wide-ranging research that Sca li has undertaken, and even mo re by the excell ent reproducti ons of almost all medieval world maps that are known to have survived. There will , I am sure, be many that are new even to speciali st students of medieval cartograp hy. These illustra­ tions are well placed beside the relevant text, the captions provide full explanati ons on what to look for in each o ne, the current location where the map can be seen is given in full (missing from some recent .BL books), and w here apposite a sketch with Engli sh lettering makes everything very clear. T he reproductions themselves are almost all of the highest quality. Scafi begi ns his discussion by a brief overview of earli er theories, and some suggesti ons of w hat the term Paradise has m eant in the past. If he had j oined the lMCoS meeting in Liverpool three years ago, he would have heard another story, as our m eeting took place partly in Paradise Street, so ALESSANDRO SCAFI named for the joys sailors found there on their return from a long and celibate voyage. H e points out that he is considering only C hristian views of

www.imcos.org 35 Book reviews

meaning of paradise, in time and in space, and on notes are valuable to those pursuing other lin es of the ac tual words used to depict it in the Bible, thought about mankind's views of the w orld in with all the problems of their translation over the medi eval times . H e w rites in an earl y chapter: centuries . One of the more fa nciful ideas I partic­ 'The premise that maps are alw ays a refle cti on of ularl y enjoyed was that th e trees in Asia are more the culture in whi ch they are produced and that highly scented due to their proximity to paradise. they always transfom1 reality, highlighting some Giovanni Leardo in 1442 was one of the last phenomena at th e expense of others, is becoming medi eval map makers to include paradise on his widely recogni zed as fundam ental to the under­ world map , but it is amaz ing how many times it standing of maps, their image and their role.' This has appeared since then, even, as Scafi illustrates, is parti cularly relevant for the book under review. in th e 21 st century. R eading this book, many extraneous ideas crossed my mind, some sparked Susa n Gol c directl y by Sca fi 's text, others sent off at a tange nt. Did R anulf Higden w1ite with tongue in check when he stated that the fac t that the Garden of State Security and Mapping in the German Eden had maintained its celebtity for more than Democratic Rep11blic. Map Falsification as a six thousa nd years was itself testimony to its exis­ Conseq1tence of Excessive Secrecy? Edited by tence? H ow could Beatus of Liebana state so Dagm ar Unverhau. Published by Lit Verlag, confidently that there were three ga tes to th e Berlin 2006. Disnibutcd in the UK by Global heavenl y city at ea ch cardinal point? As Book Marketing ISBN 3- 8258-9039-2 C hristi ani ty has largely moved on from the beli ef [www .cen tralbooks.co. uk/ aca talog/ sea rch. html] that every w ord in the Bible is direct from God and in North America by Transac ti on Publishers and must be true, ca n we expect Islam in time to l e-mail:orders@transacti onspub.com ]. achieve sim.il ar maturity about its own sc riptures? If modern western politicians were to read this In th e past not much attention was paid to the book would they be better able to handle current topic of map falsification. N evertheless it is an fundamentalism ) H as the rise of C hristi an funda­ interesting fi eld of study and not o nl y fo r the mentalism in U SA been fu ell ed by a loss of specialist. Som ething that is bound to arouse in ter­ national confidence after the Vi etnam war? If all est is the fa ct that the GDR not only falsified maps pagans were ass umed to hold nustaken beli efs, for tourists and its own population but also w hy were English academics so quick to accept 'doctored' the o ffi cial topographic maps. H ow and the works of Arab sc holars once th ey became why this took place is one of the questions that available in translation and religious institutions became a central theme during a workshop held in had lost their academic hegemony? Why arc all Berlin during 2001. the sources quoted male ? Perhaps women were The roots of the fal sifi ca tion stOiy go bac k to too preoccupied with feeding and ea ting for 1952 when the GDR, the Minisny for State others in the here and now around them. Did Securi ty, was res ponsible for classified m ateti al anyone ever express sorrow when an earthly para­ including topographic maps. T hese were dise was no longer found to be a rational likeli­ produced and published by the Administration for hood? Perhaps oth er reli gions did not have this Surveying and Mapping in the Ministry of Internal overw helming need to posit an earthly paradise, AH;1irs and by the Military T opographic Service in but w hy was this? It did not feature so promi­ the Mi1ustry of National D efence. In order to nently among th e problems fa cing C htistians in make sure th at topographic documents were the Eas tern Church. Even the C hurch ofRome in handled, stored, safeguarded and administered an encycli cal of 1893 finall y came to ad nut that the according to the GDR's secmity doctrine, th e Bible was not about scientific truth but about fa ith Ministry for State Senaity maintained its own and morals. As early as 1782 Paul Wtight had ' Surveying' Line within Main D epartment VII written that the existence of an earthly paradise (Counter-Intelli ge nce in the Minist1y of Internal was 'a not particularly important puzzle'. Affairs/German People's Police) . M ap lovers will treasure tlus book in their Following the Confe rence of the Geodetic library because of the excell ent and comprehen­ Services of the Socialist States held in M oscow in sive illustrations, but for those pondering more 1965, the N ati onal D efence Council of the GDR esoteri c thoughts, there is plenty of fodder here. adopted a resolu tion stating, among other things, Sca fi has used the placing of paradise on earl y n1.aps that topographic maps in the uniform C o-ordinate as a starting point for his resea rch , and has thus Sys tem -+2 were allowed to be kept onl y in the covered a huge area of the pas t that has relevance offi ces of the so- ca ll ed 'armed-orga ns' (the for many other di sciplines . His vc1y thorough Ministty of N ational D efence, the Ministry for

36 I MCoS Journal State Security, and the Ministry o f Internal Affairs). Maps used by anyone else were to be State Security and Mapping reca!J ed and replaced by an Editio n for the in the German Democratic Republic N ational Economy (A V) from which the uniform Map Falsification as a Consequence sheet line, geodetic grids, trigonometri c points, and quali ty and quantity details as weiJ as other of Excessive Secrecy? "confidential info rmati on" had to be ren10ved. Moreover, maps for th e general public were to feature distortions of directi o n and scale , and inac­ curacies of up to 3 kilom etres. Volu me 7 in the se ri es Archil; z ur DDR­ Staa tss icherh eit (Archi ve for M ateri al on the GDR State Security) documents the contributio ns to the conference o n "M ap Falsificatio n as a Consequ ence ofExcessive Secrecy" held in March 2001. T his was run by the Federal Comm.i ssioner fo r the records of the State Security Service of the fo rmer GDR in co- operation with the muse um fo undatio n Post und Teleko mm unika ti o n. T he idea and the initiative for this event came from D r Dagmar U nverhau w ho has w ritten va rious books on ca rtography. Since 1991 she h as worked as special Commissio ner of the Federal Government fo r the R ecords of the State Security, la ter the BStU. O ne of the dozen contributors, Wolfram Pobanz, w rites that W est Berlin was shown on maps just as a coloured area labe!Jed "W est­ Berlin ". A similar method was used for the uniform GDR sc hool district maps at 1 :100 000. In border districts, this remarkable map series, which incl uded hypsom etric tints and some hi!J shading, also showed the territory of the FRG even if only the reli ef and bodies of water with no LIT ti tl es. In the fi rst 1974 editio n of the map of the town and district of Potsdam , the south-western part of W est Berlin is sti!J clearly shown. T he second edition of 1980 shows only an uninhabited both the East and W est. With the publica ti on of natural landscape. Cartographic teaching ai ds were the E ngli sh edition of this volume it is hoped to under the auspi ces of the Ministerium fi.i r encourage such internatio nal di sc ussio n. Volksbildung (Ministry of Public Educa ti on). Professor M ark Monmo ni er of Syrac use "Centralised power structures favo ur ca rto­ University, N ew York, writing in the preface in graphic secrecy but other reasons contribute as the English edition says that w hen war threatens we!J , such as existing, concrete foreign policy and government cartographic establishments withdraw military conditio ns. In this regard, th e Cold W ar their most detailed topographic maps and nautical led to the Eastern Bloc regressing in history by charts. H e adds that there are a number of recent about 150 years. For decades in the East of examples in the USA: follow ing the 11th Germany a significa nt part of cartography ended September attack o n the W orld Trade Center and up between the 'teeth of the tyrannical routine"' the Pentagon, rooftop details on some public (Gyula Papay). buildings in W as hington D C were blanked out on The influence of the state and the secret service som e aerial photography, and in N ew York State, on ca rtography, primarily o n offi cial ca rtography the provincial GlS clearinghouse has made it m ore whi ch was under th e political supremacy of the difficult for researchers to obtain o rthorectified Soviet Union , is by no m ea ns of interest only to digital imagery for areas considered plausible GenTJ.an speaking countries. A comparati ve study terrori st targets. of the effects of the Cold W ar on ca rtography could give us insights into th e political systems in O swald Dreyer-Eimbcke

www.imcos.org 37 Book reviews

Boz caada, Hmita ve G raviirleri I Maps and the island on 167 pages. All feature T enedos Engravings of the Island Tenedos by M . Hakan (Bozcaada in Turkish) and part of the mainland as Gi.iri.iney. T ext in Turkish with a prc£1cc and well. Sometimes the island is incidental, sometimes paraUel translations into English by F. Muhtar it is given th e prominence w hi ch is its due. Katircioglu (an IMCoS member). T enedos Local Illustrati ons arc arranged in fiv e groups. The History R esearch Centre, 2006. ISBN 9944- first and largest comprises 37 ilJustrations fi·o m the 5546-0-X. No price given. Kitabi-i-Bahriye, or Book of the Sea of 1521 by th e This is a most unusual and praiseworthy publi­ famous Turkish sea ca ptain, Muhyiddcn Pirie. cation about the Turkish island ofTencdos which The maps, charts and plans arc charming, probably is loca ted a few miles off the mainland, adjacent to enchanting in their naivete. T he second gro up is Troy and the Dardanell es . It is also apparently one of 19 maps w hi ch appea r in Europea n atlases. of onl y two islands off their coastline w hi ch were C hronologicall y they progress from a beautiful returned to T urkey after the First W orld W ar by map of 1-l85 by Bartolommeo da Ui Sonetti to two the victori ous Greeks and Italians. British Admiralty maps of 18H and 1877 and two The enterprise is corporate since it is supported lovely cxam.pl es fro m Vinccnzo C oronclJi and by th e local histOty research centre and it is spon­ many lesse r known ca rtographers. The third group sored by several 6m1s and individuals. However, is often Ottom.an maps dating from 1807 to 1929 the initi ative and work is mainly by M. Hakcn with Ottoman text. These arc disparate ranging Gi.iri.iney who has been a diligent and tena cious fi·om primitive pi ctures to steel engravings. There collector of all things histori cal relating to T encdos. are then three maps of Bozcaada during the H e has asse mbled evety known map and chart of T urkish R epublic pe1i od and lastly, in the fifth group, views and perspecti ves of the island and va rious prominent buildings and views from the 17th to late 19th centuries .

YUILT.U i H O verall the book succeeds at evety level for me. AU.fTIUoA Bozcaada lnUitl:li Harita ve Gravurleri l ca n but admire the indust1y and initiative shown in all th e preliminary coUecting and coU ating. The Maps & Engravings of the Island product is compendious and opens our eyes to the N orthem Aegean and th e coastline of Anatolia with Tenedos its rich class ical and religious histOty . T enedos is a delightful island, hitherto unknown to me but it has historically outstanding neighbours in Troy and Troas (see Acts, 16:8-11 ). The author says he regrets th at there are so few O ttoman maps which include Tenedos and it seems he is a pi oneer in asse mbling so much treasure for this smal l part ofTurkey. Let us hope it w ilJ prove an encouragem ent for others to work similarly on other areas of that countty .

Geoffrey Tapper

QyOTE FOR THE D AY

A Delight of Maps "Maps arc the most deli ghtful of all sources of historical evidence. Before 1800, wheth er revealing th e broad picture of the whole world or viewing a single plot of ground under a magnify ing glass, maps bring together th e accuracy of an archive and the artisti c skill of th e draughtsman. "

Taken from Brian Smith 's Herefo rdshire Maps 1577 to 1800. Published by Logaston Press , 2004. (See Jouma/107 (Winter 2006) for th e review.)

38 IMCoS Journal www.Imcos.org 39 A.miqu•· m.op' .l!ld t opot;~b ;md dt·t·oJ;ll il<' prin t>. \ \ 'c .o n· ' Jl<'('ia li,L'upplic t> to th(' u;tcl(' ,mcll\on h. \mcric 1. l·i >ull cll'

'' Srm111d de Urnmj;/nin - p;, 1 rc f)ul'nl t. I (jf(j - .J3 .

h nl nmi/ahk •In It '!/ (.'hnmjJ/nin \ ~~~~nifimnlmaji of (,'anadn ·

I'II

40 IMCoS Journal COLLECTING ATLASES with illustrations from Sotheby's catalogue cif the Wardington sale

Memoir by Lord Wardington

A reprint of Lord Wardington 's introduction to the of the Bewick Collection at Newcastle-upon­ auction catalogue of his collection. It is so apposite for all Tyne. My father added a few to his third of the collectors that one of our members suggested we should Library which he inherited and then subsequently reprint it in the Journal particularly for those m.embers added to his sister's third. And I have brought back who did not attend the sale or see the Sotheby catalogue. perhaps half of the remaining third. I have also For a report of the sale see IMCoS Journal 107. started another collection which, as with my grandfather, had to be curtailed in its scope and has Spread from a y grandfather collected books in the in my case become centred upon maps and atlases. composite atlas of second half of the nineteenth century­ My interests are not sc holarly at all - they are the Low Countries by Nicolaes Visscher a great time to collect books. His inter­ purely visual - but I derive the utmost pleasure and Willem & Jan M ests became centred upon the works of from turning the leaves of an atlas or other illus­ Blaeu, c.1695- Thomas Bewick and these now form the nucleus trated book and I love to handle them, particularly 1697.

www.imcos.org 41 Collecting Atlases

those in their ri ch red moroccos, in vellum with T hompso n collection a few months later, adding the shy gleam of permanence, and in the bea utiful these two lovely m anusc ripts to a couple of very but reverse trait of imperncanence of russ ia. It has ni ce manusc ript Bibles belonging to my grandfa­ been a passion with nl.e for over 30 years now and ther, one Dutch and th e oth er French. Geological map of through it l have made a number of very great Then in 1956 a copy of Mercator's A tlas came tire Sevenr Estuary, Dorset, Wiltslrire ftiends. up fo r sale. I nearly jumped out of my skin with and neiglrbo11ring I grew up surrounded by books; nice to look excitement. counties from Lord at, nice to handle. All the names were there; the I don't know w hen I first becam e interes ted in Wardington's signed Bible to Shakespea re to Milton to Brooke, maps, but very early on. I remember - I can't have first edition of William Smitlr's A Aristotle to Josephus to Pliny; H earne, Padeloup, been more than fi ve or six - a pair of globes at Delineation of the Derom e, Pay ne, Staggemier, ri ght through High Elms near Farnborough in Kent. They fasci­ Strata of England Bedford, Riviere, Storr and Ridge of Grantham nated m e; they towered above me; they were and Wales ... , and Waters of N ewcastle, to the art-nouveau round and they were colomful and they shone. I London, ]. Cavy establishment founded by Moll y Noble. I was also rem ember a volume of manuscript maps, 1815. Wardingtorr's catalog11e rrotes " Its interes ted and attrac ted to th em all and I found it pres umabl y drawn by a m ember of the Lubbock importarrce was a pleas ure to help my fa ther check them to see fa nuly, w hich sat on a ta ble outside the Nursery. twofold, first tire they were in the right place and examine them for T hey were mostly, I think, ofEuropean countries . collieries arrd mirres any signs of wear. T he blac kness of the ink and the sc ript against the had j11st, witlr the irrd11strial revol11tiorr T here weren't any colour plate books at w hite paper was w hat attrac ted me. T here was arrd the Napoleorric W ardington Manor except for the Goulds, and very little colour and, if any, only in outline. H ere wars, become of suddenly I saw them . T hey captiva ted m e, and I at hom e we had a map fi xed to the ceiling, a large prime importa11ce; wanted m ore. I left numerous bids but hardly hunting map to be pulled down and examined to arrd secorrd, this bought one. T lus m ethod of bidding for books is see w here the M eet was, or w here anyone li ved if COIIIItY}' was 011 t/re tlrreslrold of brlildirrg all very well if one is ignorant and doesn't really my parents were going out to dinner. tire railway system. care, and it is instructive. But if one does ca re then And I coll ected stamps: one of my very M11clr of tire irrfor­ one should unhesitatingly go to an expert. I went favo urites was the 1898 two- cent Canadian stamp matiorr was glearred to C harles T raylen and with his help I did obtain showing a map of the world, the vas t maj mi ty of from examirriug tire c11ts arrd sides of some. I also bought a lovely C icero D e Officiis w hi ch was printed in red, depicting the Btitish carrals etc. as tlrey manuscript in the H ely-Hutchinso n sale and an Empire, giving a totall y fa lse view of its impor­ were made ... " equally attrac ti ve O vid from the H enry Yates- tance today. By 1933, I had become a really keen boy stamp coll ector and many of the British coloni es then started issuing se ts of stamps in w hich at least one stamp incorporated in its design a map of the colony. All were bea utifully engraved and printed by W aterl ow, de Ia R ue or Bradbury­ Wilkinso n. Whether the stamps ca m e fi rst, or w heth er it was my departure to St Peters C ourt w here I was taught geography by M r T horn, I ca n't recall. But I do know that the enthusiasm of Mr T horn and his expertise at drawing a map on a blackboard was one of the really las ting encour­ agem ents that I have had. I wanted to draw maps as well as him, and I found I was not too bad. This profi ciency, if I may call it that, led m e to take an infinity of trouble w henever I had a m ap to illus­ trate an essay, a holiday task or w hatever. I was often praised for my work and this, of course, led me to taking yet m ore than usual interest and trouble. I still have quite a lot of them , drawn from the age of ten to eighteen. So, the appearance of the M ercator A tlas, the first book in the history of the world to be called an atlas, arguably by the greatest geographer who has ever li ved, se t my senses tingling. M ercator's fa m ous proj ection enabled sailors, using a straight line, to deternune their position by "dead-reckon­ ing", a m ethod still in use today, particularly when

42 IMCoS Journal ...,, a navigator, either in the air or on the sea, has modern sophisticated equipment that breaks down or is not available. And it enabled the explorers of the seventeenth century to open up a world to the European powers of th e day. In the fortnight or so leading up to the sale at Sotheby's my excitement was so intense that l could hardly sleep. And from this "prize" which, unlike the colour plate books, I did manage to buy, has grown the collection of atlases here today. But what a book to start off with! Although I've inves ted money for many other people and institutions l have hardly ever done so for myself. I've always bought an atlas or a book. Max Elte taught me to remem.ber that an atlas was always a book and should be treated and enjoyed as such. I get waylaid of course; by the appearance of Bibles that have been on my "shortlist" for years; by beautiful printing; by peripheral but important books on geography (the Strabo I obtained by swappmg som e of my ea rly purchases), and by accounts of voyages which have led to new knowledge. But, by and large, it has been maps and atlases. Their appeal is enor­ mous. They arc works of art. The skill used on the woodcut map, or that of the engraver on copper, is in very many instances very little less than that shown in the engraving of pictures, portraits and landscapes that are acknowledged works of art. The first atlas of all (the 1477 Bologna Ptolem.y) was virtually the first book ever with engravings people will say that they are over-repaired. But I 'AD.814. on copper, and the maps in it done by an accepted hate having to be too careful how I handle a book. Exhibiting tire rniniaturist of the first rank, Taddeo Crivelli. The I hate turning over a dog-eared leaf, and I hate Empire of Charlemagne' from head - and tailpieces, the cartouches and the maps dirt. I love beautiful morocco, tree calf at its best Edward Q11in's An themselves under Louis XIV and XV, were the and the gleam of vellum. I have always been Historical Atlas, equal of the finest illustrated books of that period. attracted by fine bindings and certainly in my early in a Series of The invention of lithography by Senefelder revo­ days I made some ludicrous mistakes and produced Maps of the World as Known lutionised the production of maps more than in some incongruous results. But the atlases have, I at Different any other field. Maps were often printed on the feel , deserved a right royal treatment, particularly periods 1830 highes t quality paper. Many of the engravers that the beautifully coloured examples. were employed were important artists in their In many instances in this collection the colour­ own right, accepted as such whether they worked ing is of the highes t quality. Indeed, the last quar­ on a map or on La Fontaine's Fables. And the ter of the seventeenth and the first quarter of the calligraphy! In many maps it is truly a wonder to eighteenth centuries saw the most accomplished behold. examples of this craft develop into an almost art­ So I have collected atlases. It's been a passion. form and here are fine examples in Dutch, French, Atlases have over the years been treated as tools of English, Irish and Italian atlases. This is, of course, trade and reference and not the works of art they why so many atlases nowadays are broken up and are. They were only occasionally beautifully the maps framed for people to hang on their walls. bound and practically never treated with respect. Surely the interest is almost universal. It is the With my upbringing I've mjnded about bindings. greatest pleasure to see a picture that is perhaps In this collection many have been repaired, their part of one's own history, a map of one's own bindings strengthened or the volumes put into locality, a map of that locality one hundred, two new ones altogether, both new and old. I have hundred years ago. And further afield too, for as spent a great deal of time and thought on their the Earth shrinks with modern day travel, so one's restoration (in fact I've been to everting classes to eagerness for more knowledge about faraway learn more about it). In son1.e eyes I'm afi·aid places increases and becomes more compelling to

WWW.l!TICOS.Org 43 Collecting Atlases

more and more people; and as education improves the best and so I must be excused if it sounds too so the demand for this kind of knowledge includes enthusiastically in favour. many new people. Compared to the many national geographical Looking over the coll ection, perhaps what I libraries throughout the world, this does not have am most pleased with are the copies of the Blaeu, the extent or specialisation that they possess. Jansson and Hondius Appendices, Jansson's Indeed, there are under 700 atlases here compared Calliae, Blaeu's Atlas Novus and the volume of with over 20,000 in the Library of Congress, and Paul Short, D. Verbiest maps. All are known by only seven copies God knows how many in the Bibliotheque Lowman and others: NASA Mission to at the most, and no library in the world has more Nationale in Paris. And the British Library has Earth (1976). A than one of these, all of primary importance in the perhaps the most enviable collection of all. But if note in the development of the mapping of the world. They any were called upon to present an exhibition of Wardington expanded and modernised the maps of Ptolemy, 100 printed items, there are not many who could Catalogue reads: "It is a totally new Mercator and Ortelius as the frontiers of the do better than make their choice from this library. form of atlas in known world were pushed outwards and required Nearly every important geographical name is incredible detail, the new maps to portray the new discoveries then included. There are several "editiones principes" world not drawn or being made. As knowledge of maps and charts of the more important incunabula related to geog­ surveyed, but today increases, so new copies come to light- it is raphy. What is more, copies of the first editions of plrotographed from space, and I have one of the excitements of collecting maps - but I such important map makers as Ptolemy, Ortelius, tlrerefore taken the doubt whether many more of any of these atlases Mercator, de Jode, Saxton, Speed, Blaeu, Jansson, opportunity of will turn up. And so in that respect, at the Hondius, Sanson, Coronelli, Kitchin, Vaugondy, having it bormd to a moment, this collection is unique. the Ordnance Survey, Johnston, Philip, Colton, design of my own, but improved upon In saying that and what follows I am not trying Times, Bartholomew and NASA are all present; by Frank Brake of to swank but it might just prove of use, and even and in many cases the last issues of their atlases as Sangorski & be profitable, in the event of this collection being well for comparison. Sutcliffe". sold. All collectors believe that their collection is Sea atlases, perhaps the most attractive genre

44 IMCoS Journal of atlas, include those of W aghena er, Blaeu, fo r one o r two items if the opportunity presents Tire late Lord Janss on, the C oloms, Dudley, Lootsman, van itself. But n1y interes t still grows and will continue War,dirrgtmr. Keulcn, Goos, D oncker, de Wit, Seller. Le to grow, and with it, I hope, my sum of knowl­ Neptuue Frau fo is, the Greenvile C ollins, Brem ond, edge. Bellin, D es BaiTes, and the publishers ofBluebacks and Admiralty charts. They are all well repre­ Sa dl y, Lord Wa rd i11gto 11 died o11]11ly 7, 2005, shortl y se nted. after co ll sigllillg l1is co llectioll to Soth eby 's . H e served i11 Among the number of important previous th e Scots C 11ards d11ri11g the war a11d after reco1!eri11g owners are Hieronymus Mi.inzer; the Dukes of f rom shmp11 el JV0 1111ds he eu tered th e City as a stockb ro ­ H amilton, Bea ufort and D evonshire; M cCarthy­ ker. He a11d his fa mily lii!ed at Wardi11gto11 Manor, R eagh, Hamilton Palace, Systo n Park; M edici, W ardi11gto 11 , Oxfordshire. Donato, the Doge Fosca rini o; the Kings of H anover, ofBelgium, ofSwcden and ofSpain; the Bagnc1i f.1 m.il y, M arotus, Duodo, Streeter; St George's C hapel, Windsor, Si gnet Library and York Minster; and a remarkabl e run of separate French atlases in red morocco including those owned by three Ministers of Marine. W ell , I expect I have now just about reached the end. As I've sa id, there arc getting o n for 700 items and they contain some 50,000 to 55,000 maps. Atlases have become very expensive, and anyway there is no more room. The last stro ng­ hold of space, in th e shape of my clo thes cupboard , has £1.1l en to th eir onslaught and I like all th e books I have. It is time to call a halt except

WWW.li11COS. OI'g 45 I IMCoS MATTERS

Collectors' Meeting -Apologies Co-ordinator oflMCoS and a member of the AM C; In the Winter issue we published the date of the Neil McKinnon, New Zealand representative of Collectors' Meeting as Monday, 3rd Ap1il This IMCoS and member of the lntcmational Antique should have read Tuesday, 3rd April. Please note Mapsellers Association; D ave SmalJ, member of the this in your diary and do please come along and Executive of, and representing, the New Zealand bring a map from your coll ection to share with Map Society. Also Map Curator of the Alexander others. This year we arc introducing a thcmcd Tumbull Libraty and National Library of New evening and to mark the -+OQrh annivcrsa1y of the Zealand; Nigel Wyse, Secretary Joi nt lntemational Dutch discovery of Australia we arc asking for any Conference Comnlittee and Conference Company Dutch or Australian maps you may have in your Director, Past-President of the New Zealand col1 cction. Of course, this does not exclude you Orga11.isation for Quality. A draft conference b1inging any other kind of map of yo ur choice. programme ca n be consulted on the website, Itcms need not be worth a lot of money or be www. u nderth cso u therncross . org together w ith extremely rare, just of interest. The venue wil1 be details of the host city. Interested people ca n register the Fanners' C lub, 3 Whjtehall Court, Wcsnninster, to be advised when new information is available. London SWIA 2EL and the start time 6pm. Wine and sandwiches wi ll be available for a sma ll charge IMCoS-Helen Wallis Award for 2007 payable on the evening. Friends and relatives Nonlinations arc invited for this award which wi ll welcome. In the chair for the first time will be be presented at the IMCoS Dinner during the June Francis Herbert who retired recently as Curator of weekend. Presented annually, this award is for an Maps at the Royal Geographical Society. London. individual who, in the opi11.ion of the Selection Commjttee, has been responsible for cartographic Intemational Events connibution of great merit and wide interest to :nrh IMCoS lntemational Symposium, Wellingron, map coll ectors worldwide. In special circumstances ew Zealand, JQth _J 3th February, 2008. To be held the award can go to a group of people or an organ­ jointly with the Australian Map Circle, the New isation. Nominations should be sent in writing to Zealand Map Circle and the New Zealand Map Chaim1an of the Conmlittcc: Tony Campbell, 76 Malcolm and Iris Society. The organisin g com.nlittee comprises: Ockcndcn P...oad, London N1 3NW or e-mail wife Diana pictur-ed Michael Ross, C hai m1 an of the Joint International [email protected] by 15th April. outside tlreir /rome in Conference Organising Committee, President of the Wiltslrire last year'. Australian Map Circle, an d a member of both Malcolm on the mend Plroto by David IMCoS and the New Zealand Map Society; Our very first chairman and now Director, Webb. Professor Robert C lancy, National R..cprescntativcs Malcolm Young, has had to undergo three opera­ tions recentl y but we are happy to report that he is on the mend and as keen as ever to know how things are going in the Society. Malcolm's imerest in maps began as long ago as 1926 when he w:ts eight years old. He was given a Bartholomew map and gazetteer by his parents and told to plot a route from his home in Essex to John O'Groats as the family were proudly setting off in their first car. a Humber tourcr. Later, when he was in the Royal Engineers Officer Training Corps he studied map reading and the understanding of maps was a top p1i ority. I am su re all our readers will wish me to pass on their best wishes. Quite fi·ankly, without Malcolm there would have been no society. Notejro111 the Editor: It ll'as rlecirlcrl in conllnittee that tile annllaf lecfllres heir/ rl11ring tile ]11nc f;Vcckenrl (see nj;ilt) ll'ill be 1/alllerl after l\lalcofnl as a triblltc, to ll'ilicil he has gracionsl y a,r,reerl.

46 IMCoS Journal Welcome to our new Treasurer Taking over as lMCoS Treasurer from Tim Whitten is Malcolm Woodward who, like Tim, lives in Devon. His nomination will be proposed and become effective after approval by the June AGM. Meanwhile, Tim is busy transfening infor­ mation (a nd papers) already, making su re that Malcolm will know what he is getting into by next June. Malcolm has been a map collector for about ::w years. He progressed from collecting ptints of his home town, Torquay, to collecting maps after visiting auctions and antique fairs. "My first proud purchase was a John Speed of Devon costing £30 which !later discovered was a facsimile worth about £3.50'" Mtcr this Malcolm was inspired to find out more about maps so that he didn't get caught out again and since then his collection of maps of Devon has grown considerably. He was actually at school with Kit Batten who is the co-author of Tlte Printed ,\laps of Dwon and after a chance meeting at one of the London Map f.1irs their friendship was rekindled after a gap of 20-odd years. Malcolm also has an Malcolm WoodiUao'd inccrest in marine charts particularly those of the Devon and Cornish coastlines. This interest is due note. Rolph is cutTently rather busy as Intcmational to a love of sailing and his job as a C hemical Representative and is National Representative for Oceanographer based in Plymouth. Gcmuny as well; asking him to continue the adver­ tising manager's task is indeed asking a bit too The June weekend much. Plans arc well ahead for this annual weekend of events to complement the London Map Fair at O lympia. ]Jl ease fill out the lcaAct included with this issue of the Journal so thaL we have a compre­ Notice ofiMCoS Annual General Meeting hensive list of members who arc attending the different events. We start with our annual dinner on 2007. F1iday, 8th June dming which the winner of the Helen Wallis Award for 2007 wi ll be announced. On Saturday morning there wi ll be the annual 1 . W cleo me and opening general meeting at 10.30 am (coffee will be served 2. Approval of minutes AGM 9th June 2006 fi·om 10 am onwards) to which all members arc invited. This will be followed by a talk by Sarah 3. Chairman's report for 2006 Tyackc on Renaissance maps and another entitled 4. Treasurers report 2006; presentation of 2006 yearly accounts "Back to Basics" given by Yasha Bercsincr, map 5. Election of new President dealer and webmaster ofiMCoS. The venue is the 6. Election of new Treasurer Hand and Flower Pub Function Room, I Hammersmith Road, Kensington-Olympia, 7. Election of new Advertising Manager London W 1-t 8XJ (across Hammersmith Road 8. Approval of Honorary Member when walking up from the Kcnsingron Olympia 9. Approval of subscription fees for 2008 tra in station; when coming fi·om the London Map Fair Olympia Hall, cross the street and proceed to 10. Approval of revision of IMCoS Constitution your left. Please usc the hotel entrance to the tight 11. AOB of the Pub and go up one flight of stairs) . 12. Closure.

And welcome to our new Advertising Manager Venue: Hand and Flower Pub Function Room, I Hammersmith Taking over from Rolph Langlais as our Advertising Manager is past chairman, Jenny Road, Hotel entrance, First floor Harvey. We are pleased to have her back on board Date: 9th June, 2007. and she needs no introduction. All advertisers please Time: 10.30 hrs; doors open from 09.-tS hrs

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www.imcos.org 49 You WRITE To Us

Last c omments on the alle g e d Ortelius large and support the impression that we are deal­ forgery ing with a forgery. 4. l concede that there are exceptions to the I read w ith interes t the reacti on from Laszlo rule that most Ortelius maps have one of three Gr6f to my article on the Ortelius Iceland map watennarks, parti cul arly after the cartographer's forgery (Unmas king another Ortelius fo rgery, death. But 95% of the approximately 7000 maps Autunu1 2006, Issue N o .1 06) . by Ortclius w hi ch l own or have owned and 1.Gr6f states "why forge a map of Iceland? It is examined plus the thousands l have examined in not the most expensive map on the market nor is librari es and muse ums have one of these water­ there a great demand fo r it. " This is simply untrue. marks. Together with the map of the World, the map of Therefore, exceptions must be viewed w ith the Pacifi c, and the map of the Ameri cas, Iceland extreme caution particularly w hen th e paper is is one of th e four most expensive Ortclius maps on obviously modern . The same holds for the water­ the market, precisely because there is a great mark or tram.lin cs . demand for it. 5. Variations in colour on Ortclius maps vary 2. I am sure it is easier to forge a woodcut map w idely in quality, precision, use of colour, age etc. than a copperplate engraving but this does not but th e reddish orange show n on the Iceland mean that o nl y woodcut maps and not engravings forgery is a kind of colour l have never seen before are forged. In so far as it is possible to understand on an Ortelius map. Even w ith th e lin"litati ons of the mind of a forge r, he wilJ forge w hatever is magazin e reproducti on, I trust that most readers likely to bring him money. will agree w ith me. 3. T he size of the paper used for printing maps 6. T he lower resolution of the text, particularl y did not grow w ith O rtelius' growing economic changing in the course of a text line, is again a success as Gr6f seems to think. From 1570 fea ture of the Icela nd fo rgery w hi ch l have never onw ards, Th ea tn1111 atl ases were produced in three seen before. I agree that if seen out of context with sizes .1 Gr6f asse rts that margi ns of 97mm (ri ght), the other incorrect fea tures, this is not a convinc­ l Olnm1 (left), 59nm1 (top) and 7l nu11 (bottom) as ing argument in itself I found on the forged Iceland map (total area 7. Gr6f and I are at least in full agreement that 328nm1) are not exceptional w hen compared with a platcmark l Omm outside the image of the map, the map of: Hunga ry by Lazius (total area is out of the questi on for a genuine O rtelius map. 250mm), Unga ri a by Sambucus (total area This was the fea ture w hi ch immediately 210nm1), Transylva ni a (total area 316mm), Illyria convinced me that this map was a forgery. (total area 250mm), Pannonia (total area 270nm1) Incidentally, this was also a sa lient feature of a and Dacia (total area 214nu11), ali from an uniden­ forged map of Ameri ca and one of Europe w hi ch tified 1606 English edition. H e also says that these I have described prcviously2 meas ures arc comparable to the forged map of I am clea r that Gr6f' s arguments that most of Iceland. They are not. The only m ap of the six he my reasons for considering this map of Iceland as Part of the plate m entions w hi ch exceeds the total length of forged are fl awed cannot be mainta ined. mark of the f orged margi ns is the map of Transylvania. I maintain that Therefore, his suggesti ons that this may be an map in questio 11 . the margi ns of the map of Iceland are surpri singly "unrecorded exampl e of an undiscovered iss ue" (whatever this may mean) am ounts to respect for the forger for all th e wrong reasons.

Notes 1. Jan Denucc, (19 12) Oud-,'\'ederlandse kaart111akers in betrekking 111 et Plautijn, Meridian Publish ing Co. R eprint (196 4) volume II , p.54. 2. Marcel va n den Broecke (1998) U11111 asking a Fo~J;ery, M ercato r's W orld , Volume 3 (3) pp. --1 6- 49.

M arcel van den Broecke Cartographica N eerl andica

50 IMCoS Journal MAPPING MATTERS

ICHC Symposium 20 years, has produced the first in a new series of Plans are well ahead for the 2211 d International county wall maps. It is the first wall map of Conference on the History of Cartography Staffordshire produced in 158 years and is copied (ICHC) due to be held in Berne, Switzerland from the 1875-1886 Ordnance Survey New Series from 8th_13th July, 2007. The hosts are the (6-inch to 1 mile). Tim has redrawn it on a University of Berne and the organisers are the computer and hopes eventually to cover all the History of Cartography Working Group of the English counties. The map is also special because Swiss Society of Cartography. The programme for it is the only large-scale one of the county to show the conference is an interesting mix of papers on each of the 157 original parishes with portraits and the history of cartography plus receptions and details of its 'most famous person' (pre- 1900). exhibitions. Full details at wwvv.ichc?007.ch These worthies include Josiah Wedgwood, the potter, for Stoke-upon-Trent; Walsall shows Sister Festival of maps in Chicago Dora, the nurse who gave her life to helping the Members of IMCoS are invited to Chicago in sick and injured of the town; and Jonathan Wild, early November this year for an extraordinary the 'P1-ince of Robbers' for Wolverhampton. A Festival of Maps. A highlight will be a remarkable limited number of 500 maps have been printed exhibition named simply 'Maps'. Items are being and retail at £15 each (£18 to include postage and assembled fi·om libraries and museums all over the packing in UK). Available from Malthouse Press, world by the joint curators, The Newberry Grange Cottage, Malthouse Lane, Barlaston, Library and the Field Museum. Amongst the Stoke-on-Trent ST12 9AQ. exhibits will be the Vatican manuscript Ptolemy, NB. Tim is also the author of The Staffordshire the world map by Al-Idrisi (Bodleian Library), the Encyclopaedia. route to the Holy Land by Matthew Paris (British The orgattisers of Library), the Waghenaer atlas in original colour tire Lottdott Map (H arva rd), New France by Champlain (Library of Fair. From left, Tim Congress), a pair of Coronelli globes, manuscript Bryars. Massimo de plats by Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln, Martitti a11d R.ritter three manuscript maps by Leonardo da Vinci Voigt. (Windsor Castle) and the Silver map by Sir Francis Drake (Yale University Library). The exhibition will open on 2nd November, 2007. Other exhibitions of maps will be held includ­ ing 'Ptolemy's Geography in the Renaissance' curated by Bob Karrow to be held in the Newberry Library and 'Charting a People's Empire: C hicago and the Cartographic Conquest of the American West' to be held at the University of Chicago, curator Michael Conzen. London Map Fair The 16th Kenneth Nebenzah.l Jr. Lectures in 8th and 9th June are the dates for the London Map the History of Cartography, 'Cartography of the Fair which remains the most important European Ancient Mediterranean World', featuring seven fair and, with the exception of the Miami fair, the lectures by distinguished scholars, will be held as largest specialist map £1.ir in the World. The venue usual in the Newberry Library. Starting on the is Olympia 2, Olympia Exhibition Centre, evening of 8th November they will last three days. Ham.mersmith Road, London W14. Opening Attendance is free but requires registration. hours 8th June from 12.00-19.00, 9th June 10.00- lMCoS members attending are advised to arrive 17.00. Entry is free. As in previous years the ABA no later than 8th November and to stay for five to International Antiquarian Bookfair and the six days. Details at www.festivalofi1ups.com Olympia Fine Art and Antique Fair will be held at the same time. Organisers of the Map Fair ah·eady Wall map of Staffordshire have stands booked by dealers from France, Tim Cockin, a teacher who has been researching Gemuny, The Netherlands and the UK. Further and writing about Staffordshire history for nearly details from Tim Bryars (Tel. +44 20 7836 1901).

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52 IMCoS Journal LONDON: A LIFE IN MAPS Exhibition revie11' bj' jenny I Iarvey

s previewed in the winter Journal, this London's evolution. The only surviving copper­ exhibition at the Briti sh Library until 4th plate (c utting edge technology in the mid 16th March represents a visual histOLy of how centmy), used to produce part of the first copper­ A London has developed over nearly 2,000 plate map, is on display, visible fi~o m both sides so yea rs. Whether you arc a Londoner or not, there th at one ca n see that recycling is nothing newl A is something in the exhibition fo r everyone painting of the T ower of Babel appears on the because it is about people and events. If you li ve reverse, the imv ortance of its original use having in the UK, you will sec that the current topical become redundant. Originally 15 pl ates were iss ue of inu11igrati on is not new. T he massive used to produce the now lost Copperplate Map, a contribution w hich immigrants have made - in the prototype from w hi ch, with revisions, the 'Agas 17th century after the Great Fire and in the 19th M ap' of 1633 emerged as the defi nitive map of its century - is shown through maps. If you li ve tim e. In this map the urban part of the city is outside the UK you ca n still appreciate the skills of drawn as a plan but the hills of north London in engrave rs such as Hollar, trac k the creati on of the background become more of a perspective . London's landmarks, obse rve the shi fts in power T he map extends further north than the earlier between continental Europe and England and Bra un and H ogen berg map of 1572, also based on Part of a s11rvivi11g slreet of tire 16tlr­ between the Crown and the people, re flect on the the Copperplate M ap, w here the first signs of ce11tllry copperplate impac t of poverty and disease, and see the desire ribbon development indicate a city breaking out map of Lo11do11. for a better life by the aspiring middle classes and of th e confines of its walls. (M11se11m of Lo11do11) their flight to the suburbs . In the introductoty video the mayor of Lo ndon, Ken Livingstone, describes himself as a 'map freak' . If you were not a ma p freak before you visit this exhibition, then l hope that it inspires you to become one. T here is a unique opportunity to sec, in parti cular, the largest maps and extensive panoramas, where photos never do justice to their beauty and scale. T he exhibition is in eight sections and l have highlighted some maps from each secti o n. I have chosen som e for their importance and others to illustrate the breadth and ric hness of the material w hi ch has been assembled.

The Walled City AD 296- 1666 T he earli es t image of London appears on a gold m edal of AD 297, whi ch shows th e city wall ed in the characteristic R oman way on the north bank of the T hames. In the latter part of thi s peri od arriving by river was common, and St Pa uls and old London Bridge were dominant features. Views of London were typically taken from Southwark looking north, as in Wenceslaus Holl ar's accurate pa norama of London etched in Antwerp in 161-L Naturally this exhibition contains the most important cartographi c works which represent

www.tmcos.o rg 53 London - A Life in Maps

triumphant recovery fi·om the Great Fire and its Mortality rates in the 16th centUty were tcnifYing emergence as a centre of European civilisation . because of the unsa nita1y and overcrowded state of Gregory King mapped much of London and the city, yet a consta nt flo w of immigra nts seekin g W estminster for Ogilby and Morga n and, searching a better life ensured the city continued to grow. th e archi ves for this exhibition, Peter Barber Without this influx London would have withered uncovered a hitherto unknown sketch show ing and died. Po pulation growth m ea nt more King's daily progress in mappin g lanes, alleys and cramped living quarters and Livery Companies buildings east of the Tower, w hi ch would have needed, as landlords, to know what conditi ons contributed to the production of one of the largest were really like. An example ofhand-drawn plans maps on display, A La~~e a11d Accurate Map of the for a restricted number of private users is one City cif Lo11do11 by John Ogilby supervised by produced in 1612 for the Clothworkers of the William Morgan. At 100 feet- to- the-inch it waiTen of passages and courts separating two and enabled every house and numerous boundaries to three storey half timbered buildings bordering the be depicted. River Fleet. From the I 630s the fields west of the city were rapidly built over. We owe the earliest map of London Reborn 1666 - 1800 Mayfair and Belgravia to Mary Davies, a young N ews of the Great Fire was disseminated by heiress who was to n'larry Sir Thomas Grosvenor. broadsheets sold throughout Europe. A Dutch A manuscript map for her la ywcr's usc shows a news sheet of September 1 666 shows those streets disputed 100 acre estate stretching from the destroyed by fire by etching dots onto a copperplate Thames to Oxford Street (covering what is now of a reduced version of Hollar's panorama. After th e Oxford Street, Park Lan e, Piccadilly, fire, John Leake was conm'lissioned by the Lord Knightsbridge and Pimlico) inherited when her Mayor to produce a survey of the devastated area, first husband died. which was presented to C harles II. A photo of Arguably the first A-Z of London was produced this Exaa Sur11eigh of the Streets, La11es, a11d Churches by John Rocque in 17-1-0 - A Ne111, Acwrate and contai11ed withi11 the R11i11es of rhe City cif La11do11 was Co111prehe11Sive Pla11 c!f the Cities of Lo11do11 and featured in the last Journal. Among the material West111i11ster a11d Borcnt,~h cif Solltillllark. This twelve­ representing visions for a rebuilt London are sheet map was supported by The Royal Society and Christopher Wren's grand plan, influenced by the City Corporation. Dispensing with views, it rationalist ideas of baroque Europe, which did not shows an expanding West End and industry along come to fruition, and Robert H ooke's design for the Thames; 18th century institutions such as The Monument which did. At SL'Cty metres, this almshouses, workshops. lunatic asylums, hospitals is still the world's tallest isolated stone colu mn. and pleasure gardens were included, as were The great maps of Ogilby, Morgan and schools, churches, chapels and the gallows at Rocque encapsulate the period of London's Tyburn (now Marble Arch). t\ L A R G E A :\ D .\ C C R A I E \I A 0 F T II C I 'I Y 0 F I . 0 :\ 0 0 :-1.

]olrrr Ogilby arrd William Morgarr's A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London ... , 1676. (B.L. Maps Crace 11. 61)

54 IMCoS Journal John Rocq11e's An Exact Survey of the Citys of London, Westminster and Borough of Southwark with the Country near 10 miles round, 1746 (B.L. Maps Crace XIX. 18)

Popular with th e fa shionable elite in th e new the capital. John Rocque produced the first map W es t End was the C helsea Phys ic Garden founded showing th e villages around London. In this map by the Apoth eca ri es Company in 1673. In 1713 dated 1746 in 16 sheets he combines the conven­ Sir Hans Sloane, Lord of the Manor of C helsea, ti ons of th e estate surveyor to distinguis h va ri ous presented the C: ompany with the freehold of the sorts of land use (gardens, orchards, pastures etc .) ga rd en. In 1741 John Haynes produced A n with those of the French-train ed military surveyor A em rate S 11 rvey of th e Botanic Gardens at Chelsea . to depict physical reli efs (hills, ri vers) .Unusual Social history was not recorded unless of examples of ea rl y village maps are those appearing significa nt impact. In 1780 th ere were no poli ce on two trade cards in 1805-6. Smith and Bye's and th e government was proposing to repeal some card contained a miniaturiscd version of a map of of the anti-catholi c laws. This tri ggered the most Clerkenwcll and Thom as Starcy's a map of violent outbrea k of civic diso rder in London's Islington . history - the Gordon ri ots - and the deposition of troops and n1.iliti a in H yde Park, StJames' Park The East End to 1820 and the British Muse um ga rdens to keep the W est Before 1650 the East End was ignored on maps End qui et is shown on an annotation of Carington of London, w hi ch stopped at th e Tower. T he Bowles R educed N ew Pocket Plan of the C iti es mapping of the East End refl ected the social mix of of London and W es tminster 1780 with the title the area. The poor hamlets cast of the Tower were Dispos ition of t/1 e Troops and Patroles in and abo11t only mapped in detail as a necessity foll owing rapid London d11 ring the riors in 1780. population growth, corning to the fore from the 1790s as an esse ntial first step in the development of London's Villages AD 986- 1850 the massive new docks. A Plan of th e proposed Londo11 Before 1680 the an cient towns and villages Docks was se nt to George Ill in 1799 to give him now absorbed into Greater London were rarely details of th e docks at W apping. The outlines are considered important enough to be mapped in supetimposed on the existing layout, w here 5000 their own ri ght, but from the 1680s this changes as people lost their homes to the development. An the villages became socially and economicall y attractive view by William Danniell in 1808 looks integrated into the London region. Villages were south over th e Isle ofDogs towards Greenwich and mapped in the context of feeding and defence of shows the recentl y completed and walled East India

c:c: London - A Life in Maps

,___ London had grown since Rocque's 1746 m.ap. The demands of commerce meant a by-pass to the W est End was needed. A Pla11 of th e New illte11ded R oad from Paddi11gto11 to Is lill<~ t o 11 in 1755 shows the proposals of a consortium to construct London's first 40 fe et wide road, now known as the Marylebonc, Euston, Pentonville and C iry R oads. Links ac ross the Thames from the Eas t End become important and you can sec a plan of th e proposed Thames Tunnel to take carriages and pedes trians under the ri ver. Designed by Brune! to link Wapping to R otherhithe, it took so long to build it was never used for road transport but became part of what is now the East London Tube Line. C onscious attempts were being made to / ,. create a magnifi cent ciry to ri val other European / :' capitals. Public and pri vate initiatives involved the crea tion of detailed maps and preparatory plans, ' !.,.L~ ------~'~~~ - ~-~- ~~~=-~=~- ~=~~~~- ~------~------_L~ such as those for the Adelphi development by ~--~~~~------~~------~----- Robert Adam. A 360° Panoramic Vi ew R.ound Plan of th e Docks which, unlike the W est India and London R egents Park was finall y completed in 1830. Proposed London D ocks, had no warehouses built next to th em. Different fr om Nash's plan ofl 8 ll, it shows fewer Docks, 1799 (B.L. terraces K. Top 21,22-1 but extra fea tures such as William IV and The Age oflrnprovernent 1750 -1850 Queen Adelaide riding with milita ty escort in an London was transformed in this period. open carriage! H orwood's map of 1799 shows how much

DESCRIPTIVE MAP Of' LONDON POVERTY 1689.

Charles Booth's Descriptive Map of London Poverty 1889. (B.L. Maps C.21.a.18

56 lMCoS Journal ' .

~I .\ I' \l\1' I CHOLERA

LONDON ~NO ITS [NVIRONS .

ntOIIJUIIl21'"TOJUlT21"1&Q;

(l ~ -. \ f-:·~ ... ·, ,. \ , I ·. ' I - . I

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The Mean Streets 1851 - 1903 People continued to arrive from abroad - Map Showing the In VictOLian London, with a population of 2.5 immigration for 1881 was up to 7,000 persons per Distribution of million, maps were used to identifY and analyse the annum, escaping persecution in Russia and Poland Cholera in London and Its causes of many of the metropolis' social problems, to and finding refuge in the East End. People lived in Environs From suggest solutions and monitor progress on the close proximity to commercial activity with June 27'h to July ground. Charles Booth's Master Map of London hazardous materials on their doorstep. This can be 21" 1866. (B.L. Poverty uses seven colours to catcg01isc extremes of seen on the Piau of Kiugs Mill, vV/wif, I.Varehouses, Maps 3485 (41)). poverty, for example lowest class, 1Jiscious/se111i cri111iua/ Grauary aud Sea Biswit Bakery, one of the ea rli est (in black]; poor- 18 to 21shilli11gs per Il!cck for a llloder­ ptinted fire insurance plans produced by John atc fmllily [in pale blue]; Illell to do - 111idd/e class [in Loveday, the Phoenix Assurance Company's red] . surveyor for the use of all insurance companies and C holera arrived in London in 1832. Tl1e published m 1857. Distrilmtio11 of Cholera i11 Loudo11 a11d Its Euviro11s 27 )u11e- 21 July 1866 is one of the earliest geological Metroland 1851- 1945 maps used to investigate various hypotheses for the London changed beyond recognition dUling 1866 outbreak in the East End. The only common this period as a result of the interplay between feature was the water from the O ld Ford Reservoir population pressures, novel means of transport, a at Bow. This helped to confirm John Snow's theory revolution in building techniques, raised social linking cholera to contaminated sewage. John expectations and a new leisure ethos. By 1846 Martin's Thau1es & Metropolis I111pro 1Je111C11t Piau 1846 there were eight rail way stations around London. anticipates the achievements ofJoseph Bazalgctte, in Six of them arc depicted on The Raih1'a)' Bell aud building The Embankment to contain London's first Illustrated Loudou Ad!Jertiser 1\Iap (if Loudo11, sewerage system. A map records the opening of the produced free to attract new customers. final section, Chelsea Embankment from Battet-sea Macaulay's Metropolitan Railway Map of 1867 Bridge to C helsea Hospital, by the Duke and shows the extent of the net\vork, linking vi ll ages Duchess of Edinburgh in 187-l. like Tottenham to the city. Distinct types of

WWW.Il11COS.Ofg 57 London - A Life in Maps

suburb developed. The Central Railway produced London Today 1945 to now LollriOII 's 11105{ Healrhy Resirlellfial Area SC/ved by rhe Maps continue to be used in the daily life of Creal Ce11tral Raillllay after the opening of the line London with commercial maps needed for to Aylesbury and beyond, to encourage Londoners tourism and business. Since 2000 current and to move to the country districts ncar its stations. future city problems have been tabled with the Population growth increased demands for a help of digital maps with unsurpassed analytical map of London resulting in Edward Stanford's 24 sophistication and diversity. sheet Library Map of Lo11do11 a11d its S11b11rbs 1862. It I asked Peter Barber, Map Librarian, how he also required Rowland Hill to create local postal went about selecting the maps for this exhibition. sorting offices to improve delivery times, and a He replied " l started with a list of 1111151 ha!'e maps Map of Lo11rlo11 Postal Districts 111ith irs subrlillisio11s and that came to around a thousand. Then I had 1856 is displayed. !3uiJdings reflected the functions to reduce and reduce until what remained was a of the institutions which they housed, from depart­ skeleton." At first this might imply that all the ment stores to museums. 87 acres in South meat had been taken off the bones. On the Kensington was given over as land for the Arts and contraty it is a positive comment - the skeleton Sciences. Mapping practices often had to be radica ll y which remains is the backbone of the history of adapted to be of use, and some, like Harry's Beck's London. Peter has done us proud. diagrammatic tube map became a symbol of the new London, replacing maps which had followed If you cannot make a personal visit then you the geography and were superimposed over a ca n experience the exhibition via the !3ritish simplified town plan. Phyllis Pearsall's first A-Z Libraty web site http:/ /www.bl.uk where there is of London appeared in 1936. At the end of this a virtual exhibition for you to explore, containing period enemy bombs put everything at risk. A 40 maps and drawings with some accompanying bomb damage map shows Rothcrhithe with narrative. Accompanying the exhibition is the damage annotated by six colour coded categories newly published book, Lo11dou: A L{fe in Maps. I ranging from black for total destruction to yellow commend it both to you and your non carto­ for minor blast damage. graphic friends. WORTH A LOOI( \ Vall~ing in the air at Sacramento Airport ny reader passing through Sacramento Airport should look down at this wonder­ ful woven Axminster carpet which will A greet them on their arrival. It is intended to reinforce a sense of belonging and/or connection for the traveller and is the creation of a talented artist named Sayed Alavi in collaboration with Ulster Carpets. Sayed intended this as a 'welcome mat', trans­ fanned from an evetyday object into an extraordi­ naty aesthetic experience. Although it is not exactly a map it docs give accurate local geographical infor­ mation to the traveller and vividly recalls the expe­ rience of flight and of flying. The carpet was des igned by Sayed using aerial photographs of Sacramento. H e processed the images into a format appropriate for Ulster's design team who, in turn, used their PSYLO system to translate the image technically and specify the colour palette ready for weaving by the Ulster Carpets plant in Craigavon, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. If any of our readers have walked across it, do please write in and tell us about your experience. Image by courtesy of UlsteJ• Carpets www.ulsteJ•ca•pets.com

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