When Did Russia Issue a Decree of Peace
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Soviet Repudiation Puzzle
August 1, 2005. Hope springs eternal… French bondholders and the Soviet Repudiation (1915-1919) Kim Oosterlinck1 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Solvay Business School, [email protected] John Landon-Lane Department of Economics, Rutgers University [email protected] ABSTRACT By their extreme nature, repudiations rarely occur. History is therefore crucial to analyze their impact on bond prices. This paper provides an empirical study based on an original database: prices of a Tsarist bond traded in Paris before and after its repudiation by the Soviets. A structural vector autoregression is used to identify shocks to this bond that are orthogonal to shocks hitting a proxy for the Paris bond market, the French 3% rente. French market shocks are thus disentangled from repudiation specific shocks hitting the Russian bond. Consistent with expectations no major Russian shocks appears before the 1917 revolution. For 1918, shocks are mainly related with bailouts or hopes of partial bailouts. In 1919, however, the nature of shocks changes as they can be explained either by the negotiations with the Soviets or by the fate of the White Armies. In view of these elements, we argue that the bonds’ value were subject to a “Peso problem”. Their prices essentially reflected expected extreme events that never took place. Keywords: repudiation, sovereign debt, secession, Russia, Soviet, war, country break-up. JEL Classification: F34, G1, N24. 1 Corresponding author. 1 1. Introduction On February 8, 1918, a rumor feared by many investors became reality: an official Soviet decree repudiated all bonds issued by the Tsarist government. The day following the repudiation, a representative Russian bond, floated on the Paris2 stock exchange in 1906, was still traded at 55% of its par value and the following week, the bond lost a mere 2.73%. -
The Spartacus Revolt January 1919
The Spartacus Revolt January 1919 The war was over, Kaiser Wilhelm had fled and revolutionaries were roaming the streets. The people of Germany now had to decide what kind of Republic the new Germany would be. Would Germany become a peaceful law-abiding democracy like Britain, with power shared between the upper, middle and working classes? Or would a violent revolution sweep away the past and create a communist country completely dominated by the workers? What were the options? The Social Democrats, led by Ebert, wanted Germany to become a law-abiding parliamentary democracy like Britain, where every German - rich or poor - would be entitled to a say in how the country was run, by voting in elections for a parliament (Reichstag) which would make the laws. The Spartacus League - (Spartacists aka communists) - on the other hand wanted Germany to become a communist country run by, and for, the workers; they wanted power and wealth to be taken away from the old ruling elite in a violent revolution and for Germany to then be run by Workers Councils - or Soviets. The Spartacists wanted a new kind of political system - communism, a system where the country would be run for and on behalf of the workers, with all wealth and power being removed from the previous rulers. Ebert of the SPD Spartacus League Freecorps Soldier . 1 After the Kaiser had gone… With revolutionary workers and armed ex-soldiers on the loose all over Germany, Ebert and the Social Democrats were scared. He wanted to make sure that the people of Germany understood what the Social Democrats would give them if they were in charge of Germany. -
Cambridge Companion Shakespeare on Film
This page intentionally left blank Film adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays are increasingly popular and now figure prominently in the study of his work and its reception. This lively Companion is a collection of critical and historical essays on the films adapted from, and inspired by, Shakespeare’s plays. An international team of leading scholars discuss Shakespearean films from a variety of perspectives:as works of art in their own right; as products of the international movie industry; in terms of cinematic and theatrical genres; and as the work of particular directors from Laurence Olivier and Orson Welles to Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh. They also consider specific issues such as the portrayal of Shakespeare’s women and the supernatural. The emphasis is on feature films for cinema, rather than television, with strong cov- erage of Hamlet, Richard III, Macbeth, King Lear and Romeo and Juliet. A guide to further reading and a useful filmography are also provided. Russell Jackson is Reader in Shakespeare Studies and Deputy Director of the Shakespeare Institute, University of Birmingham. He has worked as a textual adviser on several feature films including Shakespeare in Love and Kenneth Branagh’s Henry V, Much Ado About Nothing, Hamlet and Love’s Labour’s Lost. He is co-editor of Shakespeare: An Illustrated Stage History (1996) and two volumes in the Players of Shakespeare series. He has also edited Oscar Wilde’s plays. THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO SHAKESPEARE ON FILM CAMBRIDGE COMPANIONS TO LITERATURE The Cambridge Companion to Old English The Cambridge Companion to William Literature Faulkner edited by Malcolm Godden and Michael edited by Philip M. -
Revolution in Real Time: the Russian Provisional Government, 1917
ODUMUNC 2020 Crisis Brief Revolution in Real Time: The Russian Provisional Government, 1917 ODU Model United Nations Society Introduction seventy-four years later. The legacy of the Russian Revolution continues to be keenly felt The Russian Revolution began on 8 March 1917 to this day. with a series of public protests in Petrograd, then the Winter Capital of Russia. These protests But could it have gone differently? Historians lasted for eight days and eventually resulted in emphasize the contingency of events. Although the collapse of the Russian monarchy, the rule of history often seems inventible afterwards, it Tsar Nicholas II. The number of killed and always was anything but certain. Changes in injured in clashes with the police and policy choices, in the outcome of events, government troops in the initial uprising in different players and different accidents, lead to Petrograd is estimated around 1,300 people. surprising outcomes. Something like the Russian Revolution was extremely likely in 1917—the The collapse of the Romanov dynasty ushered a Romanov Dynasty was unable to cope with the tumultuous and violent series of events, enormous stresses facing the country—but the culminating in the Bolshevik Party’s seizure of revolution itself could have ended very control in November 1917 and creation of the differently. Soviet Union. The revolution saw some of the most dramatic and dangerous political events the Major questions surround the Provisional world has ever known. It would affect much Government that struggled to manage the chaos more than Russia and the ethnic republics Russia after the Tsar’s abdication. -
Orson Welles: CHIMES at MIDNIGHT (1965), 115 Min
October 18, 2016 (XXXIII:8) Orson Welles: CHIMES AT MIDNIGHT (1965), 115 min. Directed by Orson Welles Written by William Shakespeare (plays), Raphael Holinshed (book), Orson Welles (screenplay) Produced by Ángel Escolano, Emiliano Piedra, Harry Saltzman Music Angelo Francesco Lavagnino Cinematography Edmond Richard Film Editing Elena Jaumandreu , Frederick Muller, Peter Parasheles Production Design Mariano Erdoiza Set Decoration José Antonio de la Guerra Costume Design Orson Welles Cast Orson Welles…Falstaff Jeanne Moreau…Doll Tearsheet Worlds" panicked thousands of listeners. His made his Margaret Rutherford…Mistress Quickly first film Citizen Kane (1941), which tops nearly all lists John Gielgud ... Henry IV of the world's greatest films, when he was only 25. Marina Vlady ... Kate Percy Despite his reputation as an actor and master filmmaker, Walter Chiari ... Mr. Silence he maintained his memberships in the International Michael Aldridge ...Pistol Brotherhood of Magicians and the Society of American Tony Beckley ... Ned Poins and regularly practiced sleight-of-hand magic in case his Jeremy Rowe ... Prince John career came to an abrupt end. Welles occasionally Alan Webb ... Shallow performed at the annual conventions of each organization, Fernando Rey ... Worcester and was considered by fellow magicians to be extremely Keith Baxter...Prince Hal accomplished. Laurence Olivier had wanted to cast him as Norman Rodway ... Henry 'Hotspur' Percy Buckingham in Richard III (1955), his film of William José Nieto ... Northumberland Shakespeare's play "Richard III", but gave the role to Andrew Faulds ... Westmoreland Ralph Richardson, his oldest friend, because Richardson Patrick Bedford ... Bardolph (as Paddy Bedford) wanted it. In his autobiography, Olivier says he wishes he Beatrice Welles .. -
Scythian Horses Shed Light on Animal Domestication
NATIONAL PRESS RELEASE I PARIS I 27 APRIL 2017 Scythian horses shed light on animal domestication By studying the genome of Scythian horses, an international team of researchers is outlining the relations that these nomads from Iron Age Central Asia had with their horses—and lifting the veil on some of the mysteries of animal domestication. Published in the journal Science on April 28, 2017, this research was led by Ludovic Orlando, CNRS senior researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Image Synthesis (CNRS/Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier/Université Paris Descartes) and professor at the Natural History Museum of Denmark.1 Nomadic Scythian herders roamed vast areas spanning the Central Asian steppes during the Iron Age (from approximately the ninth to the first century BCE (Before Common Era)). They were known for their exceptional equestrian skills, and their leaders were buried with sacrificed stallions at grand funerary ceremonies. The genomes of a few of these equids were fully sequenced as part of this study, so as to form a better understanding of the relations that the Scythian people developed with their horses. The researchers sequenced the genomes of thirteen 2,300–2,700-year-old stallions from the Scythian royal burial tombs of Arzhan (Russian Republic of Tuva, in the outer reaches of Mongolia) and Berel’ (Kazakh Altai Mountains). They also sequenced the genome of a mare from an older culture, found in Chelyabinsk (Russia), and which is 4,100 years old. By studying the variants carried by certain specific genes, they were able to deduce a large diversity in the coat coloration patterns of Scythian horses, ranging from bay to black by way of chestnut. -
IQAS International Education Guide
International Education Guide FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATION FROM THE FORMER USSR AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Welcome to the Alberta Government’s International Education Guides The International Qualifications Assessment Service (IQAS) developed the International Education Guides for educational institutions, employers and professional licensing bodies to help facilitate and streamline their decisions regarding the recognition of international credentials. These guides compare educational systems from around the world to educational standards in Canada. The assessment recommendations contained in the guides are based on extensive research and well documented standards and criteria. This research project, a first in Canada, is based on a broad range of international resources and considerable expertise within the IQAS program. Organizations can use these guides to make accurate and efficient decisions regarding the recognition of international credentials. The International Education Guides serve as a resource comparing Alberta standards with those of other countries, and will assist all those who need to make informed decisions, including: • employers who need to know whether an applicant with international credentials meets the educational requirements for a job, and how to obtain information comparing the applicant’s credentials to educational standards in Alberta and Canada • educational institutions that need to make a decision about whether a prospective student meets the education requirements for admission, and who need to find accurate and reliable information about the educational system of another country • professional licensing bodies that need to know whether an applicant meets the educational standards for licensing bodies The guides include a country overview, a historical educational overview, and descriptions of school education, higher education, professional/technical/vocational education, teacher education, grading scales, documentation for educational credentials and a bibliography. -
Khachaturian BL1 V0 Brilliant 21/12/2011 16:55 Page 1
9256 Khachaturian_BL1_v0_Brilliant 21/12/2011 16:55 Page 1 9256 KH ACH ATURIAN GAY ANE H · SPAR TACUS Ball et Su ites BOLSHOI THEATRE O RCHESTRA EVGENY SVETLANOV Aram Khachaturian 1903 –1978 Khachaturian: Suites from Gayaneh and Spartacus Gayaneh – Ballet Suite Aram Ilyich Khachaturian was born in Tbilisi, Georgia, to a poor Armenian family. 1 Dance of the Rose Maidens 2’42 Although he was fascinated by the music he heard around him as a child, he remained 2 Aysha’s Dance 4’22 self-taught until the early 1920s, when he moved to Moscow with his brother, who had 3 Dance of the Highlanders 1’57 become stage director of the Second Moscow Art Theatre. Despite this lack of formal 4 Lullaby 5’53 training, Khachaturian showed such musical promise that he was admitted to the 5 Noune’s Dance 1’44 Gnessin Institute, where he studied cello and, from 1925, composition with the 6 Armen’s Var 1’58 Institute’s founder, the Russian-Jewish composer Mikhail Gnessin. In 1929, 7 Gayaneh’s Adagio 4’00 Khachaturian entered the Moscow Conservatory where he studied composition with 8 Lezghinka 2’57 Nikolai Myaskovsky and orchestration with Sergei Vasilenko. He graduated in 1934 9 Dance with Tambourines 2’59 and wrote most of his important works – the symphonies, ballets and principal 10 Sabre Dance 2’30 concertos – over the following 20 years. In 1951, he became professor at the Gnessin State Musical and Pedagogical Institute (Moscow) and at the Moscow Conservatory. Spartacus – Ballet Suite He also held important posts at the Composers’ Union, becoming Deputy Chairman of 11 Introduction – Dance of the Nymphs 6’04 the Moscow branch in 1937 and Vice-Chairman of the Organising Committee of Soviet 12 Aegina’s Dance 4’00 Composers in 1939. -
Background Guide, and to Issac and Stasya for Being Great Friends During Our Weird Chicago Summer
Russian Duma 1917 (DUMA) MUNUC 33 ONLINE 1 Russian Duma 1917 (DUMA) | MUNUC 33 Online TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________ CHAIR LETTERS………………………….….………………………….……..….3 ROOM MECHANICS…………………………………………………………… 6 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM………………………….……………..…………......9 HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM………………………………………………………….16 ROSTER……………………………………………………….………………………..23 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………..…………….. 46 2 Russian Duma 1917 (DUMA) | MUNUC 33 Online CHAIR LETTERS ____________________________________________________ My Fellow Russians, We stand today on the edge of a great crisis. Our nation has never been more divided, more war- stricken, more fearful of the future. Yet, the promise and the greatness of Russia remains undaunted. The Russian Provisional Government can and will overcome these challenges and lead our Motherland into the dawn of a new day. Out of character. To introduce myself, I’m a fourth-year Economics and History double major, currently writing a BA thesis on World War II rationing in the United States. I compete on UChicago’s travel team and I additionally am a CD for our college conference. Besides that, I am the VP of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, previously a member of an all-men a cappella group and a proud procrastinator. This letter, for example, is about a month late. We decided to run this committee for a multitude of reasons, but I personally think that Russian in 1917 represents such a critical point in history. In an unlikely way, the most autocratic regime on Earth became replaced with a socialist state. The story of this dramatic shift in government and ideology represents, to me, one of the most interesting parts of history: that sometimes facts can be stranger than fiction. -
Russian Federation Interim Opinion on Constitutional
Strasbourg, 23 March 2021 CDL-AD(2021)005 Opinion No. 992/2020 Or. Engl. EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) RUSSIAN FEDERATION INTERIM OPINION ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS AND THE PROCEDURE FOR THEIR ADOPTION Adopted by the Venice Commission at its 126th Plenary Session (online, 19-20 March 2021) on the basis of comments by Mr Nicos ALIVIZATOS (Member, Greece) Ms Claire BAZY MALAURIE (Member, France) Ms Veronika BÍLKOVÁ (Member, Czech Republic) Mr Iain CAMERON (Member, Sweden) Ms Monika HERMANNS (Substitute Member, Germany) Mr Martin KUIJER (Substitute Member, Netherlands) This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL-AD(2021)005 - 2 - Contents I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 II. Scope of the present opinion .......................................................................................... 4 III. Chronology of the preparation and adoption of the constitutional amendments ............. 4 IV. Analysis of the procedure for the Adoption of the Constitutional Amendments .............. 6 A. Speed of preparation of the amendments - consultations ........................................... 6 B. Competence of the Constitutional Court ..................................................................... 7 C. Competence of the Constitutional Assembly .............................................................. 7 D. Ad hoc procedure ....................................................................................................... -
Freedom of Expression in Russia As It Relates to Criticism of the Government
Emory International Law Review Volume 27 Issue 2 2013 Freedom of Expression in Russia as it Relates to Criticism of the Government Tatyana Beschastna Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr Recommended Citation Tatyana Beschastna, Freedom of Expression in Russia as it Relates to Criticism of the Government, 27 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 1105 (2013). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol27/iss2/10 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory International Law Review by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BESCHASTNA GALLEYSPROOFS2 5/1/2014 9:09 AM FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN RUSSIA AS IT RELATES TO CRITICISM OF THE GOVERNMENT Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. —Martin Luther King Jr. INTRODUCTION Freedom of expression in Russia appears to be slowly eroding, Russian Government promising to protect human rights, including the right to freedom of expression. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the transition from “Old” Russia to “New” Russia were associated with many new hopes and promises.1 One such promise was the establishment of new human rights standards, including the fundamental right to freedom of expression. This promise was made by the ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights (Convention) in May of 1998.2 Previously under the oppressive governments of Stalin and his successors, Soviet Russia enjoyed no freedom of expression.3 Under Mikhail Gorbachev, Russia began a new movement commonly known as “Perestroika,” a Russian word that literally translates to “restructuring.”4 Perestroika ushered in a new era of hope and freedom and was heralded both domestically and internationally as an opportunity to change the oppressive policies of the past and establish new respects for the rights of the individual.5 The collapse of the 1 Mikhail S. -
Understanding Violence for Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Chechnya
Cluster of Competence The rehabilitation of war-torn societies A Project coordinated by the Centre for Applied Studies in International Negotiations (CASIN) UNDERSTANDING VIOLENCE FOR POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION IN CHECHNYA Valery Tishkov 2 Understanding Violence for Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Chechnya Geneva, January 2001 Valery Tishkov, professor of History and Anthropology, is the Director of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. He is also a former Minister for Nationalities of the Russian Federation. The Cluster of competence Rehabilitation of war-torn societies is a project of the Swiss Inter- departmental Coordination Committee for Partnership for Peace which is part of the activities of Switzerland in the Partnership for Peace. This Cluster is coordinated by Jean F. Freymond, Director of the Centre for Applied Studies in International Negotiations (CASIN). Centre for Applied Studies in International Negotiations (CASIN), Avenue de la Paix 7 bis Boite postale 1340 1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland, Telephone: +41 (0) 22 730 86 60 Telefax: + 44 (0) 22 730 86 90 e.mail: [email protected] This report – translated from Russian - was prepared for the 4th International Security Forum “Coping with the New Security Challenges of Europe”, 15-17 November 2000, Geneva. It is based on the monograph study, by Valery Tishkov, “Anthropology of War-torn Society: The Case of Chechnya” done with the support of the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation. This monograph will be published by the University of California Press in 2001. The opinions expressed in this paper only reflect those of the author and not of the institutions to which he is or was affiliated.