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A Conceptual Paper on the Benefits of a Non-Governmental Search and Rescue Organization A conceptual paper on the benefits of a non-governmental search and rescue organization Wengelin, Mattias; deWet, Tim Published in: Proceedings of the XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming 2010 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Wengelin, M., & deWet, T. (2010). A conceptual paper on the benefits of a non-governmental search and rescue organization. In P-L. Kjendlie, R. Stallman, & J. Cabri (Eds.), Proceedings of the XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming (pp. 384-386). Norges idrettshøgskole. 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LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 XI XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Oslo, 16th – 19th June 2010 Program & Book of Abstracts Per-Ludvik Kjendlie, Robert Keig Stallman and Jan Cabri (eds) Bibliographic information: XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming, Oslo, 16th – 19th June 2010. Program & Book of Abstracts. Per-Ludvik Kjendlie, Robert Keig Stallman and Jan Cabri (Eds) Published by the Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo, 2010 ISBN 978-82-502-0448-5 (printed) ISBN 978-82-502-0449-2 (electronic / pdf version) Printed by Nordberg Trykk. Front cover photos © by Per Eide / Innovation Norway and Per-Ludvik Kjendlie Front Cover Graphics by Beta Grafisk AS Contents Welcome messages .........................................................................................4 Organization ...............................................................................................10 Floorplans.....................................................................................................11 General Information.....................................................................................13 Food and Meals ............................................................................................17 Activities .......................................................................................................17 Guidelines for Oral and Poster Presentations ...............................................18 Scientific Program ........................................................................................21 Abstracts .......................................................................................................45 Author list ..................................................................................................133 XITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR BIOMECHANICS AND MEDICINE IN SWIMMING Welcome message from the organizing committee Dear Colleagues, scientists, coaches, physicians and students. Dear Friends. On behalf of the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, we are proud to welcome you to the XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming in Oslo. The BMS symposium series is celebrating it’s 40th anniversary. Our goal in Oslo has been to encourage contributions from more scientific disci- plines and aquatic activities than previosly represented. We feel we have succeded. The International Steering Group for BMS has entrusted us with the organization of this symposium and we have done our best to organize BMS XI in a manner worthy of their faith in us. The 123 oral presentations, 127 poster presentations, 9 invited lectures, poolside demonstration, workshops and social happenings will bring swimming science to new heights. Oslo is the capital of Norway and is situated at the head of the Oslo fjord. A unique city, surrounded by forested ridges and with close proximity to the sea. The congress venue offers you unlimited possibilities to exercise and enjoy the sur- roundings. We hope you will enjoy this unique spot of Northern Europe, it’s nature and the city, and wish all participants a pleasant stay and productive meetings. Per-Ludvik Kjendlie Robert Keig Stallman Jan Cabri Oslo, June 16th 2010 4 WELCOME MESSAGES Welcome message from Sigmund Loland, Rector On behalf of The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NSSS), I am delighted to welcome you to Norway and to Oslo for the XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming. The theme of this conference is ”Forty Years of Swimming Science”. Having start- ed in Brussels in 1970, you were one of the very first of the sport/physical activity areas to launch such a peer reviewed scientific conference. The BMS Proceedings have been the backbone of aquatic research ever since. Today, BMS has a respected and prestigious position in the world of sport science. Aquatic sports and activities are unique within the realm of sport and physical activity. Perhaps firstly we can agree that all aquatic activities have an element of drowning prevention. Research in human aquatic movement contributes to reduc- ing the huge global burden of drowning. Secondly, aquatic activities contribute to health and well being in a unique way. Many persons unable to obtain training benefits from land based activities are able to train in the water. Thirdly, aquatic sports at high levels of performance demonstrate human potential and the ideal of realizing one’s potential to the highest possible degree. All of these values of aquatic activities however, depend upon knowledge and com- petence. The significance of research and teaching skills cannot be overestimated. At NSSS, we are proud to be able to do our part in stimulating important work in this area. Oslo, the capital of Norway, is special in many ways. The city is nestled between Oslo Fjord on the south and the rolling hills of the Nordmarka Forest on the north, both the playground of residents and visitors. In addition to the scientific program, I encourage you to see as much of our city and surroundings as possible. On behalf of NSSS and the Local Organizing Committee, I congratulate you on your 40th Anniversary and wish you a successful conference and a pleasant stay in Norway. Sigmund Loland Rector, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences 5 XITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR BIOMECHANICS AND MEDICINE IN SWIMMING Greetings from the Mayor of Oslo It is a pleasure to welcome you to Oslo for the XIth International Symposium for Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming. The history of Norway is inextricably linked to water, and so is the history of this city. The first people to settle in Norway foraged the seashore for molluscs and fish, and as their skills at boat building developed, our forefathers ventured farther from land and harvested one of the world’s most abundant fish resources. Oslo’s harbour has always been a prominent part of the city’s economic foundation, and this is among the top international centres for shipping. So both this country and this city have a strong connection with the sea. Learning to swim has been important in this maritime nation since time imme- morial. Norway was the first country to introduce swimming as a mandatory part of our primary education. Today, swimming is mostly a recreational activity, but an extremely popular one during our short but lovely summers. Sadly, we experience many drowning ac- cidents every year. This attests to a need for strengthening the swimming training of children and perhaps even more to a need for a more respectful attitude towards the water. Esteemed scientists such as you are extraordinarily qualified to contrib- ute to such an awakening, and Oslo is proud to host your conference. There is much to see in Oslo besides the Norwegian School of Sports Sciences and much to do besides discussing scientific questions. For the lover of art, a visit to the National Opera will fascinate both for architectural and for musical reasons, and the Vigeland Sculpture Park is a unique experience. The natural surroundings of Oslo are also splendid, and a boat ride on Oslo Fjord is an experience not easily forgotten. I am confident that you will enjoy your stay, and I hope your discussions will bear fruit both here and in your respective home countries. Fabian Stang Mayor 6 WELCOME MESSAGES Greetings from the Norwegian Life Saving Society Dear Participants, We welcome you to BMS 2010. The Norwegian Life Saving Society congratulates the local organizing committee with this important conference. We are proud to be a Cooperating Partner of this conference and have benefited greatly from the fine research articles presented here. Every aquatic activity has an element of drowning prevention. All research pro- moting a better understanding of human movement in the water contributes to this goal. While some of the papers here are indirectly related to this theme, we are delighted to see so many that are
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