40 ll. t. Ch . 24 (
OTTO FOLIN AND DONALD D. VAN SLYKE: PIONEERS OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (1)
nf ld, Y r Un v r t S h l f M d n
W th th t rt f th 20th nt r , l n l h tr n xp t d r , th " l xn r p rt." Abr h r d nt t n p n th f d l l xn r ( 866 , f r r v ll , K nt h h pr t . h p tt rn f t f t r r th nd d v l p h l t h r nd d t r, h d p bl h d h f r t b , nt t h p d r n th f r t t d d f th n TheAmerican College ( 08 , n h h h v r l r t nt r , th Un t d St t l d n th th th d z d f th rr nt d t n l pr t . h v br thr h. Unt l th n th Un t d St t h d b dr th tt nt n f r. nr S. r t h tt, pr pl d n r l n th r th r d v l p nt f l n l d nt f th r ntl t bl h d C rn nd t n f r h tr . Aft r rd, th n t n l h v d l d th Adv n nt f h n , nd h d l xn r t r h p h h t n v r r l n h d. t d f A r n d l h l . l xn r d h th r h b n t n f r h br th r n d n t d th p r d, th r p p r S n, d r t r f th r ntl f r d f ll r In f ll d th p f th Journal of Biological Chemistry t t t f r M d l r h n Y r . r t h tt r nd th r p bl t n : Ott Kn t l n ( 86 4 pl d th t h nt d n d t r v l t n, n t th t nd n ld xt r n Sl ( 88 . h r f d l pr t t n r. bl h d n 0, th r p rt t t xpl r t n n bl d nd r n t th t l nd xp d th d r f l pr t f th A r n ( nd h p d th p r t r f r l n l h tr f r th r C n d n d l h l t nd d p f nd r f th nt r th d v l p d pr t l nd r nd t n f r rr t n th d f n . h l n ll ppl bl th d f n l . On th b r p rt h d f r r h n ff t n th pr t f f n ppr h t th d l — n l f ll n n th l b r t r f d l h l nd h p v l f b l l fl d —th d t r n d n r l t l nd n th r r h nd t h n f b h tr . r n , rr l t d v r t n th p th l l nd t n , nd l d t d t b l p th n h lth nd l xn r p f ll r f rr d t " l n l h t " d . th r l n n r n Sl h ld d l d nd " l n l h tr ." C n rn n th l b r t r r t th r r r h nd t h n f b h tr nn t d th th n v r t h p t l, h r t (2): nd l n l h tr d n tr t d th t h t ld To suffice for clinical investigation the laboratory r t ntr b t n t dv n n d l d staff must be so extended as to place, at the immedi- n nd th tr t nt f d . ate service of the clinician, the experimental patholo- gist, experimental physiologist, and clinical chemist The Flexner Report and Medical School in position to bring all the resources of their several departments to bear on the solution of concrete clini- Reform cal problems. Of these branches, experimental pa- thology and physiology have already won recogni- l n nd n Sl r v d v l bl t n th tion; the next step in progress seems to lie in the field d v l p nt f l n l h tr fr n nl l nd
ll. t. Ch . 24 ( 4
of clinical chemistry, thus far quite undeveloped in America. ph n th f l b r t r n n th tr n n f d l t d nt nd n th t h n f p lt ntr b t d t th f v r bl nv r n nt f r th r p d r th f l n l h tr . l xn r v pl nt d nd r nf r d h t l n h d d t r rl r t th rv S t . l n r nd d th d l pr f n f th l r v r t f l n l t r l v l bl f r b h l nv t t n n th l r t h p t l . If th h p t l r t b nt r f r b h l r r h, th h ld, rd n t l n, th t pr v d l b r t r f l t , p r n n l, nd nd p nd n t th tr n d h t t r n th n b h l pr bl n n r (3).
Ott l n
Ott l n r ld h n, t h th r r n , h l ft h n S d n n 882 t j n h ld r br th r n M nn t . Wh t f ll d th f l r A r n t r . I r nt b rr v p nn r I. Otto Folin. Portrait by Emil l nd n d bt, r n ll d l b r r, l rn En Pollak-Ottendorf, 1934 (National Library of l h nd th n t , r n d t n, nd Medicine, Bethesda, MD) b pr f r t rv rd (4 . l n r d t d fr th Un v r t f M nn t nd nt r d th Un Albrecht Kossel (1853-1927) n M rb r , h r h p v r t f Ch f r r d t t d n 8 2, th r pl d h n l d f r n h tr t b l l t p n d. At Ch , h pl t d h d t r l r pr bl nd h r h nt r t n th nt r d r n r th n nd r l St l tz ( 86 n 8 6. t f pr t n t b l h d th r b nn n . Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift ( , h n, t n n th dv f th n nt ph l t, r p p r pp r d n b ( 8 24 , l n d d d t t dd 8 . It was t M rb r th t h d v r d th n t h t n l tr n n n E r p n th n l r n f ld f n f l r tr d n th br n nd tr nd ph l l h tr , h h b r l x t d n th th l r p r t r nv nt d b l b ( 8 Un t d St t . S x nth f th f r t r, 8 6 , 886 . h n tr nt t b ,th b f h p nt n th l b r t r f Ol f r t n ( 84 j r ntr b t n t d v l p n pl , r l bl , nd 2 t th Un v r t f Upp l , n t f r fr l n nv n nt l r tr th d f r l n l h tr . was rd d th h ldh d h . r h x n d th pr p rt nd On h r t rn t Ch n 8 8 h p t n f h dr l pr d t f l pr t n, h. . n, fr b x ll r l nd . A h rt p p r n th h r r n d p t n v l bl n bj t p bl h d n Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für ph l l h tr n th US. In th f n v r Physiologische Chemie n 8 ( . It l n f r t t nd d l h l h r th bj t b n ntr b t n t b h tr . t ht, t n d t n tr t r n ph l , ph r r n th r f 8 h r d n th r l , r d l h tr . Onl Y l h d d p rt nt f ph l l h tr , t bl h d n 882 l n l b r t r f Ern t p ld S l ( 844 2 . b ll Ch tt nd n ( 8 6 4 ( . C n ntl , h r , h f r t nt t th h p t l p t nt l d t n l n pt d p t n h t n pr v t , nt r t n th r n r nd pr d t f n tr n t b l . pr v d nt t t v th d f r r n r r l l b r t r n Ch , p l z n n n l f t r, f d, nd d l pr d t nd n t x l . r d nd p bl h d t n 8 l th r (6 . A t h n pp rt n t n th r f 8 . h n l f r d r n d l f l n nt r t. pt d n t nt pr f r h p f h tr t S x nth f th n xt r, 8 8, p nt th 42 ll. t. Ch . 24 (
W t r n Un v r t , h r h ff r d r n n b t f r t, h h d t d v dd t n l nd pr v d nt t t v n l nd l nt r ph l l nt t t v th d b f r n rv ld b n t h tr . t d. h t l d t h l f l n nt r t n nt t t v th d f r n tr n nd pr d t n r n . Metabolic Studies at McLean Hospital Wh n l n b n h d t l d t d f n tr n t b l t n r n , th r n r l r In 00 l n r v d n ff r fr th M n f p r f d h l , t r, t nd rd , l br t d l p t l n W v rl , M h tt , b rb f t n. r , r n tr nt d n d f r n th l n l Ed rd C l ( 8 , th d l p r nt n h tr l b r t r . r d r f r t t n f r n — d nt f th pr v t p h tr h p t l, h d t bl h d tl l t t v , nt t t v —f ll d j r p r l b r t r f r ph l l h tr n 88 , n f t n f b n l n l d n b l b r t r th th f r t f t nd n th US t pp rt r r h. d . r t l nt t t v h l n l f bl d bj t v t dv n th nd r t nd n f nt l v rt ll n n x t nt r d r b d nl br fl . d b r h n f r nn t n b t n bn r h d v l p nt f bl d h tr h p r d b l nt l t t nd r n r x r t n, p ll f h rt f bl d f r xp r nt l nd d n t p r r nd r d. C l b l v d, d d th r , n p , r lt f th r d l b nd n nt f bl d rr l t n b t n n n t nd h l t x n pr l tt n th r p l t n th th nt r . r v l d d b f lt t b l nd p r n tr t n. x f bl d r r r d f r h l n l nd p t d t f nd v d n f th n th p t nt r n . th r n ll d v l p d r nv n nt t hn r h nd t d b r d nt ph n b n f r dr n th l r nt n d d. rth r r , n 8 2. l d h n n h l b n, r d nd h t th pl pr t n ( nd r d ll nt rf r d r dl bl d ll nt , d ff r nt l nt f h t ll , nd th th th d n ntl , bl d r r l t t d. p f r v t r l t d d. Wh n l r r l b r t l l pr d r , n th th r h nd, n l , t r f l t r b lt n 8 , C l pl nn d p bl d nt , h l b n, nd h t ll d ff r nt l, l r r h d p rt nt t b r n b pr f n l b r r d l ppl d b f n r t . h t. l n d t pl n, p, nd d v l p h n pr r f r r h t rd h v n C l h f r t r t M n r p nt nl n bj t v : n v r n n t n b t n nt l d v n nd t t n th d f r th d t r n t n f t t nd r n r x r t n ( 0 . n tr n n t t nt n r n , t f h h r n n l t t v l , . ., r , n , r d, r n t nth nt r l n l h tr nv lv d t n n , nd r t n . r v l , nt t t v th d h fl th x n t n f th r n . h nd r f r th n t t nt r fr ntl l b r r t nd bl t ll t n ff r d n t hn l d ff lt pl t d nd, n th f r , r n n p f r r r , nd th nt t f fl d v l bl ll d n th f r d, th r r d r l t v l l r t l z t n f th r th d f r v tr nd v l nt f p n. l n f r t l r tr th d tr n l lr d n nd r r n l r v l d v l p d f r r n r r t n n n r t n th f p n. h bj t v t th t t t p r t n n l l n d t r t p r t r t l t th p rt l r b t n n p r f r , th n h f r r d l r. C l r p r n d th n t r t tr t t. rt f l t nd rd— 2 p t b hr t — ft r nd n n v d n f t x t n r n f n n rr l t n th p r r t n n h d b n t bl h d. p t nt , l d b r n h r t r , n r f Alth h th r l r r t n h d b n d l n b l t t v d ff r n , l n t rn d t th t d f pr f r th t t t b l l pr d t , . ., l r t n t b l f n r l v r nt ll d t rb d r nt f r n n t r n l , l n f nd v d l b r n r t l nd pl t l th b l r t r f r l r p r n n th p bl ll f th n n n tr n nd th r pr d nt t t v n l f r t n n n r n n 04 h t x r t d n th r n f p t nt f d t nd rd d t. r d n th d rn r f l n l h tr ( . h ld th r b t bl h th n r l r n f th n l r r t n, d v r d b M x ff ( 84 n tr n fr t n nd th n n d r h th r d ff r 886 ( 2 , th l n t nt n l d l r tr n r d t n bn r l t b l n nt l pr d r f r bl d r r n n l nd nt l 6, d . r l p tt rn r th n n n n, h n th r t n th , d n tr b nz d d t bl h n r ld b t lf b n p rt nt nd rt r b d ( , t th nl th d f r r t n n . Bull. Hist. Chem. 24 (1999) 4
l n t d t th M n p t l r v l d n t b l v d n r l t d t nt l d , b t n th r f h r h h d d v l p d th d f r b h l r r h th t pr d t d l v r n f nt r lt f r n r l ph l l nt r t nd p rt n . Wh l t M n, p r n l f rt n tr l n. In th pr n f 0 b n n t r r v d fr h l ft p r t d l nd. r n th r r t n r t t th f l n rv . h pr d r p r n ntl lt r d l n pp r n .
Colorimetric Methods for Blood Analysis
l n pl l r tr th d f r th nt t t v t t n f r n r t n n n 04 th br thr h th t p n d p th p b l t f th r p d, pl , nd n xp n v t hn f r n l . It v r t p t t th d v l p nt f dd t n l th d f r nt t t v n l f th r n npr t n n tr n pr d t n r n . h n r d n t v t f l r tr pr d r ll d f ll r pl nd r lt d n r t r r th n pr v l p bl th th ld r r v tr nd v l tr (t tr r 2. b t p l C l r t r (fr nt v , h & b, h t r, Y, . tr th d . Wh t f ll d n l b r t r n th 0. t r fl t n rr r, l ht h ld, f x d US nd br d th f l n ll pl , r pl n r , nd l b tt f pl p. l bl th d f r th d n f r r h pr t l t t d th p t n f r n fr n r l nd v d l rv d t l f r nd r l bl nt f nd p t nt th v r d rd r . v r, th n l th r t nt n f th rd n r n tr n t pr d f r n h d l t d l n l f ln . It v n t d b f l n dn f n t n. h r pr t l f r t n pr r l b t th x r t n f bn r l v l n d n d n nd d t r n t n f p r nt f r n n t t nt . t v r r pr nt d n p rt nt dv n f r d n nd r r . Oth r nv t t r n A r nd E l n th n t rn d t r f n n n l t l th d t r p f ll d l n l d nd d f d h pr d r th ppl bl t th n t t nt n bl d, r d v l p d th r n pr t l l r tr th d . b t n h ll r pl th n r r r d b th r th d . r n z d th t, n bl d pl r Folin Joins Harvard Medical School fl t d th nd t n f th xtr ll l r fl d h l , bl d n l b tt r d t t b l h p bl t n f v r l p p r n n th r f r t n nd l n l v l t n f n phr t th n nt r d r t b l f n t d pr t n, l n th r n l . It h r p rt nt t n h t th r n p p l r t f h th d f h l n l t b l pr d t th dn f l d t x r t nd , br ht l n t th tt nt n f th b h l l t d t h r f l l v l n th bl d, th n t pr f n. It l d, n d bt, t h pp nt nt n 0 t n h t nd h h x r t d n th r n t pr f r f b l l h tr , nd n ( 4 . In 4, t n r ft r ntr d n th l l n 0 , lt n K hn r f r f b l l h p r t l r tr r t n f r r t n n n r n , l n tr nd h d f th d p rt nt t rv rd M d l d r b d th f r t t f t r th d f r d t r n n S h l, th f r t n nph n n th f lt . r r t n n n bl d. p bl h d th f r t xt n v n d t rv rd nt l h d th n 4, t h n b d t th th r t n f r n r l nd v d l nd n h tr t f r t r d l t d nt nd b ld n h v r p th l l t t ( . l n f ll d th d p rt nt nt nt r f r d t t d nd r r h l r tr th d f r r , r d, r t n , th tr n ph n n l t l th d nd l n n , nd n npr t n n tr n n bl d. h n l l ppl t n . f h r d t t d nt l t r n 44 ll. t. Ch . 24 (
b l r z : . S n r ( 88 n 26 r th f l n l h tr . h t v t n d d f r th f r t r t ll z t n f n nz , r nd th th b nn n f th n t t t n l r f r f b Ed rd A. ( 8 86 , th nr , n h tr d r n th f r t t d d f th 20th n 4 f r th l t n nd nth f t n K. A t r . h pr f n l pr t f b h t th rd b r f th d p rt nt, G r . t h n , l r l dv n d b th r n d v l p n d t h n f ll f r th 2 0 d r, ld n t t t f r th pr t n ph n. h r b l r z n M d n r h l n 88 f r h p rt n th d v r f p rt nt pr n pl f r l n h lp d f nd th A r n S t f r t n r t n l th d f d n n n p nd l l Ch t n 06 nd rv d t th rd pr Journal of th t l t v l p r t n t v r d t t . d nt n 0 . Aft r th t bl h nt f th Biological Chemistry n 0 , h b tt d t f h Oth r t d nt r W lt r l r ( 8 66 , h d v l p d th d f r th d t r n t n f h l t r l p p r th r . j n d th d t r l tt n , nd th r bl d l p d h l p A. Sh ff r ( 88 60 rv n h r n f r n r . nd C r . ( 8 0 8 , h , th In 08 l n pr p d th t A r n h p t l Y ll pr d S bb ( 8 48 , d v r d ph pl l n l h t t dv n " r b l t t d f ph r t n n 2 nd d v l p d popular th d f r nt t b t n th ph l nd th p th l f r r ph ph r . ( ." t n d th t lth h h p t l h ld b l n b t n n ll b r t r n W nv lv d n b h l r r h, l n n n ( 8 . In th p bl h d "A S t f n th r d n r d r t h l r . S t t b l d An l ( 6 ." U n t n t d th pr h l r r h r r th " n n t , r r f l t n pr p t nt, th b n d n b r f d ff r nt n nd r t l j d nt f th tr n d h t ( ." n l t l pr d r nt d l d, pl f d, nd M h f th rl r n th d nd ppl p t t f bl d n l n pr t n fr f l t n n l n l h tr p bl h d n th Journal tr t . r r r v l f th bl d pr t n n r of Biological Chemistry. l r xt nt, d r n th b th nt rf r th t dd d h l r f r t rt r f th nt r , b h tr was l n l nt . h l r p n t th r p dl h tr . h Journal of Laboratory and Clinical n r n n b r f h l bl d n l b n p r Medicine, f nd d n , rv d n th r j r t f r d n h p t l nd l nd r d v l p nt n l n l t. Aft r th l n l h t f r d th A r n l h tr . h t n t d pr t n fr f ltr t A t n f Cl n l Ch t n 48, th r n d pt d rld d nd r n d n nt l th ntr z t n b n t p bl h Clinical Chemistry n . It d t n f " t t d" n l n th l t 0 , h n h d b n pr d d n 4 b Scandinavian Journal of d pr t n z t n pl h d b d l nd, n Clinical & Laboratory Investigation nd f ll d n b nt r , b th r nn v t v t hn l nd 6 b n nt rn t n l j rn l, Clinica Chimica Acta, th d th t d d n t r r pr r r v l f pr t n . b d n th th rl nd . M d rn h l n l f ll nt t f bl d ld h v b n p bl th t th l r n ld xt r n Sl nd th f ll r tr th d d v l p d b l n nd th r . h p t l pr d r nt l d r f f r n th pr d t t b n l z d n t l t d nd th r n ld . n Sl r v d h h. . fr th Un t n rr d n pl x h l l — v n f v r t f M h n n 0 n r n h tr nd r th pr t n r r v d b f r th n l . h M G b r ( 866 4 , th d v r r f r n th d r f r fr p f nd th r lt bt n d fr r d l . n Sl , xp t n t f ll h f th r r ft n f l l h h b f n n p f b r r n r lt r l h t, h d t ll b n f t n h h v th l r r t n th b f r d j b th th r f Ch tr n W h n t n n l z d. In p t f th h rt n f th t n. h ld r n Sl [ n ln ( 8 , rl th d , h v r, th n l r f d t n t h. . Un v r t f M h n, 882 ( r tt ] l n l n th d n f d b t , r , t, h f h t t th G n v A r lt r l Exp r nt nd th r d . St t n n Y r . A h n n nt r b t n n Sl nd h b A r n h d r v n l n n th d , b d n v l l r tr ( 86 40 t n A r n Ch l S t t n nd ll v l f p n, r t l t th Bull. Hist. Chem. 24 (1999) 4
Un rt n t h th r h p bl f th l n l r , n Sl r d t th n r p n b l t f r n r, pr v d d h ld r t rn t v n l b r t r f t n t t h l n . n Sl f nd th t th n d t r r ll j t b t h , nd th l d h nd h t nt, Gl nn C ll n ( 8 0 40 nt th r r p. f nd d n f n t n nd r n d n th p t n f r th r nd r f h t n r t f ll r. h r h ppl d h tr t th l t n f l n l pr bl r l t d t d nd r n v t t n t th h p t l (22 . th f ll r p t l r r h f l t , th r r h r rv d th h f nd th ph n r r n th t nt. A rv h f, n Sl h d fr t bl d nd r n p n . t ht h lf dn ph l nd d nd n f nd h lf n h r f rd f p t nt th r ht d (2 . nt n h p t l r nd nd n tr t d th r d nt t ff n p l d t r th r pr p r t n r r d f r th p t nt nd r t d . l n tr t d th n h t t l f r n th p t nt nd th n t r p rt fr l n l p nt f v . h rr n nt n n l pr v l . In t n t t t n t th t t l n n r . n ld . n Sl ( t n l d n t d th p rtn r h p th b h t nd nfr br r f M d n , th d , M ntl n l d d n h lp fr th n th t d n 0 , h v r, l d t j b ff r fr v n t th f d (24 . n l f r d f ll r In t t t f r M d l r h h tr n t nf n . A r t th n Y r ( 8 . th d n tr t r f th d f r bl d n t t nt n ll p n r j t f ll r In t t t r n z d th t nt rn l d n b n v l bl . h n ntr t n nd d tr b t n v n r p dl h d l n h l l n . f n f th n r n n t t nt f th b d r d th dv n th b l v d th t th h p t l f th n t n n. r t n r n t t r rd d h l n t t t h ld n h v n xp r n d h t n nt t nz h d n t t b n l t d nd h r n r p t n t nd t h n r r h h l rv t r z d th x t n f h r n nd v t n n n r l dv r t ph n n h l pr b p t d, but th h d n t t b n l rl d nt f d. l . h h t ld h v t d v l p n nt r t n Alth h n Sl b n h r r n r n h d l pr bl nd b t p r nt ll bl t t, h nt r t n ph l l f n t n n h lth nd p r t th ph n , f r h th p t nt d r lt d n n l r t n f n n l d f r t. Aft r t d n th h tr f pr t n nd n nd th d v l p nt f nt t t v l n l h tr . d nd th r n l t th n t t t f r v n r , n Sl d n f r t n l t l th d f r n Sl l t d n 4 t d v l p d p rt r n nd l tr l t l br in blood and nt f h tr n th h p t l, r l t d t l n l the transport of blood f rth r d th nd r t nd h tr ( . n f r p r t r ph l n h th nd d . Alth h n Sl h d n xp r n n l n l In t t t n l nt xt r l t n Sl r , S n l xn r ( 86 46 , th d r t r f th n nt r t n h tr nd l n l d n , b n t t t , pr d b h tr n n n r n h th f ll r p t l n r d p r tr nd h p bl t n n b h tr . hr h n t v tt n pr bl fr ll d — h l, ph rr n nt b v n , h h d ll b r t d th E l l l, nd l n l. Cl n l pr bl pr v d d p h r, n Sl p nt r n rl n n r p rt n t t d v l p, xt nd, nd pr v n l t l n th h r ( 8 2 nd E l Abd rh ld n pr d r n t hn l d t d v r n th ( 8 0 , p bl h n p p r th h (20, 2 . ph l f d . n Sl f r t l n l pr b 46 ll. t. Ch . 24 (
l n n d b t d . S v r l ll d b t Sl d r n n nv t t n f d t t p t nt , nd r th t ff nt tr t nt (l l h lp d br d th p b t n b h tr nd nt r r d t v l bl n th pr n l n d , t n l d n . A l r n b r f th n nd v d l d v l p d d h h, b th t t h d b h p d thr h n Sl l b r t r nt n t l n ll n t bl , pr r d t v r r p d r t t pr f r h p f nt rn l d n r b h tr r f t l . Wh t n d d th d f r d t t t th r p rt nt p t n th US nd br d. S f n rl r t f th d . n Sl b n b th r n nt . l , r n l n C. M n, Chr d f n n d n h l t r , r th r th n n d t n nd rd, hn . t r , M h l d lb r r, r pt v d l l n . d v d n n tr nt nd A. rd t n , h d d l n n th h r nd d v l p d pl , f b h tr t rv rd. r l bl tr th d f r r n th In 4 th d r t r f th rb n d x d nt nt f Journal of Biological Chemistry pl r r (2 . h d th f ll r In t t t t r p d nd r l t v l pl t v r t p bl t n, th n t t f r nt f n bl d Sl ( t j n th d t d t d t p bl t r l b rd n n d t r. nt p t nd pr v nt th h n n r ld Journal f t l d . h n tr th nl p bl t n n th US nt l th d n d v t d l l t b h tr . d pt d n t h p t l A h, t t t th t nd rd l b r t r n th US nd f r p bl t n f xp r nt l E r p . It nt n d n d t h h ld d t r n th n r l ll nt th d r t n nd l t f b h 60 , h n t r l r r h n th ntr . pl d b t t d l rd th nd f 2 th n r r tr th d f r b h p f th Journal nd t n rb n t l v l n pl nt r tr n f rr d fr r r . n Sl th f ll r In t t t t th t hn f r t d n A r n S t f l l d b n nt Ch t , nd th d t r l ff t t v b h l n l v d t C rn ll Un v r t dr t ll n r d M d l C ll n Y r Figure 4. n Sl l tr G An l C t . St nl . n d t ( 884 nd r t nd n f th d App r t th W t r t nd Sh r pr nd pr 6 pp nt d n n v d d b f r r t n l tr t nt b f r th d v r d t r. n Sl , h r n d f n l n. n Sl d f nd nt l ntr b t n n th d t r l b rd nt l 0, h d l rv d pr t th nd r t nd n f b ff r t n, d b b l n , d nt f th t n 2 nd 22. fl d nd l tr l t l br , nd rb n d x d Sh rtl ft r h r t r nt fr th f ll r tr n p rt b h l b n nd x h l b n. d In t t t n 48, n Sl j n d th n l f r d v l p d th d f r d t r n n l r n f r fr r h v n t n l b r t r f th At En r th bl d nd r p d pr d r f r th d t r n t n C n n Upt n, Y, A t nt r t r f r f r d ll, h l b n, nd pl pr t n n ntr l nd M d n . r n d t r h v n nt l t n— nd r b ttl f ld nd t n —b r nt f h d th t 88. p f r v t . l nt t pr nd r t n l t l th d pr d d nt t t v d t th t l r Cl n l h t r p ll nd bt d t n f d th ph l l nd p th l l t t f h n . Sl f r h ll b r t n th hn . t r ( 88 f Y l Un v r t n th r t n f th t v l n Sl nfl nt l t h r n th h l , Quantitative Clinical Chemistry ( , p t l l b r t r l n n th d l h l. Al 2 , h h, f r r th n 0 r , th th r th h l n tr n d r pr f n l b h t , n t t v r f r l n l h tr nd v n t d r Bull. Hist. Chem. 24 (1999) 47 mains a valuable resource for the history of clinical 4. O. l n nd W. n , " tr n W t r d t n chemical methods. A member of the National Academy th l d n phr t . h r S n f n nd th M th of Sciences, Van Slyke was awarded the National Medal d f r h r t r n t n," t n M d. S r . ., of Honor by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. , 6 , 46 468. . O. l n nd W. n , "On th Cr t n n nd Cr t n C nt nt f l d," . l. Ch ., 4, , 48 4 l O. l n, "On th t r n t n f Cr t n n REFERENCES AND NOTES nd Cr t n n l d, M l nd ," . l. Ch ., 4, , 4 48 . I. h rt l , b n b tt d n th n f th 0th 6. O. l n nd . W , "A S t f l d An l ," nn v r r f th A r n A t n f r Cl n l l. Ch ., , 8, 8 0. Ch tr , nt nd d t nf r th b r f th ACS . O. l n, f. . v n f t r f Ch tr b t th rl f n 8. . . n Sl , "Or l t r ," t n l br r f d t n f th d pl n . M d n , th d , M , , 6 8. 2. A. l xn r, M d l Ed t n n th Un t d St t nd . G. W. C rn r, A t r f th f ll r In t t t , C n d . A p rt t th C rn nd t n f r th 0 . Or n nd Gr th, h f ll r In t Adv n nt f h n . ll t n . 4, M rr nt t t r , Y r , 64, 2 4. l n, h l t ll t r , t n, 0, 0 02. M n p t l, h d b n ppr h d n 06 t j n . O. l n, "Ch l r bl n p t l r t ," h th f ll r In t t t b t pt d th ff r fr rv t r , 0 08, , 8 8 l n . A . rv rd n t d (p . M d. A ., 08, 0, 4. 20. É. h r nd . . n Sl , "U b r n 4. S. M t , Ott l n: A r r t Cl n l h r ndl n d r lph rr l rb n ä r ," r t h. t, A r n A t n f r Cl n l Ch tr , In ., Ch . G ., , 44, 66 . W h n t n, C, 8 l . A. Sh ff r, "Ott 2 . E. Abd rh ld n nd . . n Sl , " t n l n, 86 4," r. M . tl. A d. S . USA, d A n t t ff n n n l p pt d n n h d r 2, 2 , 4 82. M th d v n n Sl ," . h l . Ch ., , . O. l n, " r K nntn d n nnt n th r h n 4, 0 08. G ," . h l . Ch ., 8 , 2 , 4 62. 22. f. 8, p 8 l . . n Sl , "A pt n f 6. O. l n, "É n r nf h n d r p n h M th d th K b r M d l A rd," r n . A . A . h n , z r t n d r rn ä r ," . h l . 42, , 42 4 . Ch ., 8 , 24, 224 24 . 2 . f. 8, p . . O. l n, " p n h rn ä r t n ," 24. É. C. dd , "A r n I pr n ," M ddl x p. . h l . Ch ., 8 8, 2 , 6 . ., 2, 2, 4 62 l . E. K hl r, r M d 8. O. l n, "U b r d Sp lt n pr d t d r l Ch tr t h tr . h M n f E örp r. Er t M tth l n . U b r n d l pl n , C br d Un v r t r , t ndth l v n W tt pt n," h l . Ch ., Y r , 82, 242 24 . 8 8, 2 , 2 6 . 2 . . . n Sl nd G. E. C ll n, "St d f A d . . . . Ch tt nd n, h v l p nt f h l l I. h rb n t C n ntr t n f th l d l Ch tr n th Un t d St t , h Ch l C t l t S n f n , nd t t r n t n M r f C ., In ., Y r , 0, 8 2 28 . A d ," . l. Ch ., , 0, 28 46 l 0. G. S. ll, " b r t r f th M n p t l, . . n Sl , "St d f A d . II. A M th d f r S rv ll , M .," A . . In n t , 8 , , 8 64. th t r n t n f C rb n x d nd C rb n t . O. l n, "S M t b l St d . W th Sp l n S l t n," . l. Ch ., , 0, 4 68. f r n t M nt l rd r ," A . . In n t , 04, 60, 6 2. 2. M. ff , "U b r d n d r hl , l h n r n ä r ABOUT THE AUTHOR n n r l rz t nd üb r n n t n d Kr t n n ," . h l . Ch ., 886, 0, Louis Rosenfeld is Associate Professor of Clinical Pa- 400. thology at New York University School of Medicine, . A. ll r, " h C l r tr t r n t n f Cr 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016. His book, t n n n Ur n nd l d th , n tr b nz A d," Four Centuries of Clinical Chemistry, was published in M d. . A t., 6, 2, 8 8 82 l S. . n d t 1999. A biography, Thomas Hodgkin. Morbid Anato- nd . A. hr , "S Appl t n f C l r mist and Social Activist, appeared in 1993; Origins of t n f r Cr t n n ," . l. Ch ., 6, 4, Clinical Chemistry. The Evolution of Protein Analysis 2. appeared in 1982.