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On the Taxonomy of the First Record of Rare Deep-Water Rough Shark Species of Oxynotidae (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) in the Western Indian Ocean

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On the Taxonomy of the First Record of Rare Deep-Water Rough Shark Species of Oxynotidae (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) in the Western Indian Ocean OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication On the taxonomy of the first record of rare deep-water rough shark species of Oxynotidae (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) in the western Indian Ocean Sarah Viana & Mark W. Lisher 26 May 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 6 | Pages: 11732–11742 10.11609/jot.3916.10.6.11732-11742 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Publisher & Host Partners Member Threatened Taxa Taxonomy of a rough shark from the WesternJournal Indian Ocean of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2018 | 10(6): 11732–11742Viana & Lisher On the taxonomy of the first record of rare Communication deep-water rough shark species of Oxynotidae ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) in the western Indian Ocean ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Sarah Viana 1 & Mark W. Lisher 2 OPEN ACCESS 1 South African Insttute for Aquatc Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa 2 The Scotsh Associaton for Marine Science, Scotsh Marine Insttute, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, PA37 1QA, United Kingdom 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] Abstract: An immature female specimen of rough shark was collected south of Reunion Island in the Madagascar Basin in 2009 aboard R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, representng the frst ofcial record of the family Oxynotdae in the western Indian Ocean. The specimen is herein identfed as Oxynotus sp. due to morphological diferences with its closely similar congeners O. centrina and O. bruniensis regarding morphometrics, shape of dorsal, pectoral and caudal fns, shape of the head and colouraton, refutng the hypothesis of occurrence of these two species in the region. These results indicate that Oxynotus sp. is possibly an undescribed species. A general descripton of the external morphology, external morphometrics and photographs of Oxynotus sp. are provided. The specimen has a hepatosomatc index of 36.33% which reveals that it was possibly approaching maturaton, suggestng that a viable populaton of Oxynotus sp. exists in the western Indian Ocean. Intraspecifc variatons in O. centrina from the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantc Ocean are also notced, requiring further taxonomic scrutny. Keywords: Madagascar Basin, morphology, Oxynotus, rough sharks, taxonomy, western Indian Ocean. DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3916.10.6.11732-11742 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFDA138B-7CB7-4A5B-ACE5-D8E46772CAE3 Editor: E. Vivekanandan, Central Marine Fisheries Research Insttute, Chennai, India. Date of publicaton: 26 May 2018 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 3916 | Received 26 November 2017 | Final received 03 April 2018 | Finally accepted 22 April 2018 Citaton: Viana, S. & M.W. Lisher (2018). On the taxonomy of the frst record of rare deep-water rough shark species of Oxynotdae (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) in the western Indian Ocean. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(6): 11732–11742; htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3916.10.6.11732-11742 Copyright: © Viana & Lisher 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Funding: None. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author Details: Sarah Viana is a research associate at the South African Insttute for Aquatc Biodiversity with expertse in taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of Chondrichthyes, especially Squaliformes. Her currently interests are conservaton genetcs and molecular phylogeography of southern African endemic species. Mark W. Lisher worked for several years in the feld of collecton management and biodiversity data in South Africa. Currently, he is a MSc scholar at The Scotsh Associaton for Marine Science. His interests are ichthyology, biodiversity, and taxonomy of marine fshes. Author Contributon: SV and MWL contributed equally in the conceptualizaton, collecton and analysis of data, discussion of the results and writng up of this manuscript. Acknowledgements: The authors thank O. Gon, A. Whitield, R. Bills, B. Konqobe and N. Mazungula (SAIAB), and E. Mitchell (SAMS) for curatorial and technical assistance. Special thanks to A. Hay and M. McGrouther (AMS) for providing informaton on comparatve material, and A. Orlov (VNIRO) for helping with acquisiton of original descriptons. The frst author was supported by the South African Insttute for Aquatc Biodiversity. 11732 Taxonomy of a rough shark from the Western Indian Ocean Viana & Lisher INTRODUCTION congeners by having grey or brownish grey body with broad dark brown blotches dorsal-laterally, eyes with Oxynotdae is a monotypic family of small to medium heavy supra-ocular ridge and knobs, spiracles large sized rare deep-water rough sharks with endemic regional and vertcal (Compagno 2016), and few proportonal geographical distributons on contnental and insular external measurements (e.g., dorsal fn-spines and shelves and upper contnental slopes of the Atlantc frst dorsal-fn apex, precaudal length and origin of frst and Pacifc Oceans (Ebert et al. 2013). The occurrence dorsal fn spine) (Yano & Matsuura 2002). It inhabits of Oxynotdae and records of its representatves in the muddy and coralline algal botoms of contnental and western Indian Ocean were speculatve (e.g., Ebert insular shelves and upper contnental slopes between 2013, 2015; Ebert & van Hees 2015; Compagno 2016; 40–800 m depth, and is occasionally caught as bycatch Weigmann 2016) tll recently in Fricke et al. (2018). during trawls and longlining (Ebert & Stehmann 2013; Members of Oxynotdae are characterized by having a Ragonese et al. 2013; Compagno 2016). This species body triangular in cross-secton, conspicuously deep, occurs throughout the Eastern Atlantc Ocean from arched dorsally and fatened ventrally at trunk, rough Norway to the western coast of South Africa (Bass et skin with large dermal dentcles, head small and wide, al. 1976; Cadenat & Blache 1981; Ebert & Stehmann snout blunt at tp and short with fringed anterior 2013; Ebert 2015; Compagno 2016). According to Ebert margin of nostrils, mouth circular with papillose lips and & Stehmann (2013), Compagno et al. (2015), Ebert ventrally located, eyes rounded and conspicuously large, (2015) and Compagno (2016), O. centrina or a separate located laterally, spiracles large and crescent, located similar species possibly occurs in Mozambique, or of behind eyes, dorsal fns sail-like, conspicuously upright Madagascar (Ebert & van Hees 2015). Ebert (2013) and and tall, dorsal-fn spines conical, thick and markedly Weigmann (2016) later listed O. centrina in the western small, located prior to each dorsal fn and never Indian Ocean although without scrutny, indicatng that transcending the fn apex, pectoral fns leaf-like, pointed the identfcaton of this species or any other member of distally at apex, and inconspicuous free-rear tps, lateral Oxynotdae in the region is uncertain. Fricke et al. (2018) ridges prominent at trunk, caudal fn small and broadly inaccurately listed this species as from of northern sub-triangular with inconspicuous lower caudal lobe and Madagascar, representng the frst ofcial record of evident subterminal notch. It bears teeth dissimilar in Oxynotdae in the region, but again without detailed both jaws, upper teeth smaller than lower teeth, upper taxonomic informaton. The present study thus aimed teeth thin and lanceolate, lower teeth broad and blade- to provide a general morphological descripton, external like (Compagno 1999). morphometrics, details of the collecton and biological Oxynotus Rafnesque, 1810 currently comprises data of this specimen, and to clarify the occurrence of fve valid species: O. centrina (Linnaeus, 1758), type- Oxynotdae in the western Indian Ocean. Taxonomic species, originally from the Mediterranean Sea; O. problems on species of Oxynotus are also discussed paradoxus Frade, 1929 from the northeastern Atlantc herein. Ocean, ranging from Morocco to Senegal; O. caribbeaus Cervigon, 1961 from the Caribbean; O. bruniensis (Ogilby, 1893) from the southwestern Pacifc Ocean, MATERIAL AND METHODS partcularly Australia and New Zealand; O. japonicus Yano & Murofshi, 1985 from Japanese and Taiwanese The southern Indian Ocean seamounts cruise coasts (Ho & Nakaya 2016). Litle is known about their expediton was undertaken aboard the R/V Dr. Fridtjof biological and ecological traits, including populaton Nansen along the southwestern Indian Ridge between size, distributon and life history, and studies regularly 12 November and 19 December 2009. During this cruise,
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