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Distribbllion, Environment and Biology of Batoid Fishes Off Hgentina, Umguay and Brazil

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Distribbllion, Environment and Biology of Batoid Fishes Off Hgentina, Umguay and Brazil Rev. Mus. Argentina Cienc Nat., n.s. 2(11: 69-109, 2000 Buems AL~~slSSN 1514.5158 Distribbllion, environment and biology of batoid fishes off hgentina, Umguay and Brazil. A review- Roberto C. MENNI ' and Matth~asF. W. STEHMANN * 'Consojo Nacional de Investigaciones Cicntificas y TBcnicas. Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque sln, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: guioma&infovia.com.ar. lnstitut fur Seefischerei, Bundesforschungsanstait fur Fischerci, i'alrnaille 9, D-22767 Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany E-mail: 106241.1657&ompuseme.com Abstrael: Information on the distribution, environment and biology of hatoid fishes occurring off Brazil, UN- guay and Argentina is summarized and reviewed for sixty species. The Magellanie fauna is a well-defined biological unit. Conversely, the northern fauna changes gradually from the temperate Bonaerensean District off northernilrgentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil, to a subt,ropicd and tropical fauna along most of the Brazilian coast. Within the area studied, rajids are the dominant batoid family, with a large number of rhinobatids and myliobatoids to the north. An analysis (Jaccard) of distribution patterns, results in nine groups largely corresponding with biological and distributional information: Group I of Magellanic species, Group 11 of three Magellanic species extending into the Bonaerensean District, a small Group 111 formed by the deep water skates Bathyraja sehroederi,Arnblyraja [reriehsi and Dasyatis cf:pastinaca, another small Group IV of species with uncommon distributions, Group V of Bonaerensean species, GroupVI of relatively rare deep water species, Group VII of northern migrants into the Bonaerensean District, Gmup VlII of Brazilian species occurring in both the South Brazilian and Brazilian districts, and a completely different Group IX of Northcrn Brazilian species with their southern distributional limit usually at Rio de Janeiro. information is available also on depth and temperature ofoccurrence and in many cases reproduction and feeding. Preliminary evaluations of abundance have been obtained for a few species onlx but the risk of overfishing is documented for some of them. An odd taxonomic - geographic situation is the status of D,cfpaslinaca, and a peculiar type of cloaca1 gestation has been described for Be,ztlzobatis (similar to that in Squatinn). Studies at community ecology level are discussed and full references provided, including many reports only published as meeting summaries. Key words: Batoids, zoogeography, batold biology, Argentina, Brazil Biology of batoid fishes along the Atlantic tons in 1970, to 4213 tons in 1968 and to 2612 coast of South America has been - as Ishiyama tons in 1977, being about 0.72 '76 of the catches of (1958) once said of the IEajidae - a neglected area, teleostean fishes. However, during the last two and our biological knowledge of this group is less years, catches increased to 12000 tons (Chiara- than that of sharks (Menni, 1986). Many studies monte, 1998). are only by-products of general approaches to Batoid landings are utilized for fishmeal other groups, or result from personal interest of industry, but often material is discarded at sea. researchers. In spite of this, a bulk of taxonomic, As an example, during a fishing cruise off Rio biological, geographic and ecological information Grande do Sul, Brazil, large sharks, angel sharks is available. This information is often (Squatina) and the guitarfish Rhinobatos horkelii fragmentary or has not beon properly published. were kept. An amount of but 8170 kg of skates The aim of this review is to summarize available (inc1udingZaptery.x breuirostris, Rioraja agassui, data after a critical analysis, and provide a com- Atlantoraja cyclophora, A. castelnaui, Sympte- plete list of references. The use of available rygia acuta andPsammobatis spp.) and 1955 kg zoogeographic schemes in batoid distribution is of smaller sharks were discarded, making up with discussed. the discarded bony fishes a 21% discard of the OffArgentina, batoid fishes used to be of low total catch (Haimovici & PBrez Habiaga, 1982). economic importance. Catches ranged from 2468 In the pink-shrimp fishery off Ubatuba (SHo 70 Reucsta del Museo Argentzno de Czenczas Naturales, n s. 2 (l),2000 Paulo), the catch per unit effort of discarded Table 1. Distribution of southwestern Atlantic batoids (4.6 kg h~'),is about three times higher batoid species fi.om southern Argentina to than that of the shrimp (1.4 kg h.') (Amorirn et northern Brazil. Zoogeographic provinces and al., 1997). districts according to Mpez (1963). Magellanic The classification adopted here follows Province: PT= Patagonian Ilistrict. Argentina McEachran et al. (1996), with the Batoidea at Province: BD= Bonaerensean lfistrict, SBlk superorder level, with six orders, namely Southbrazilian District. lndian Province: BR= Torpediniformes, Prisliformes, Rhiniformcs, Brazilian District. (Fig. 1). *=Also Chile. ""=Also Rhynchobatiformes, Kajiformes and Per6 (Numbering of species as in the text). Myliobatiformes. Instead, Nelson (1994) lumped all rays and skatcs under one order Rajiformes PT RII SBD BR equally ranked with eight order of sharks, with 25. Batliyraja griseocauda*' X all nine orders forming the Superorder Euselachii 26. Batliyraja maclouiana* X under the subclass Elasmobranchii ibr all species 27. Bathyraja magella,iice" X of sharks, rays and skates. In contrast, 28. Bathyraja multispinis X Eschmeyer (1998) used a total of eleven orders 29. Bathyraja papilio,iifkru X under the class Elasmobranchii, with the 30. Bathyraja scaphiops X additional two orders being Pristiformes and 23. Dathyraja albomaci~lata* X Torpediniformes among the rays and skates. 35. Pso,nmobatis rionnani* X McEachran & 1)unn (1998) introduced new 36. Psa~r~mobatir;parvaeauda X combinations of scientific names for rajid species. 37. Psan~mobatisrudis X These authors firstly subdivided the family 24. Batl~yrajnbroehyurops* X X 12. Ambyraja doellojiiradoi X X Rajidae into two subfamilies Rajinae and 14. Ilipturus j'Zouirostrisi; X X Arhynchobatinae, and secondly they elevated all 22. Atlontoraja plataria XXX former subgenera of Raja and Gurgesiella to 4. Discowge tsehodii" ""; XXX generic rank. Authors worldwide have followed 16. Dipturus tracliydunna'* X X this concept already, and we have also adopted 31. Batl~yrajasclirwderi X it for this paper. Ilence, the former subgenera of 47. Dasyatis cf pustinaca X Raja, namelyAmblyraja,Atlantoraja, Dipturus, 13, Arnblyraja lierichsi X Rajella, Rioraja, and the nominal subgenus 40. Syrnpterygia at:uta X X Gurgesiella, are being used here at generic rank 41. Sympterybiia bonaparttri X X for the specific names of southwcstern Atlantic 11. Zapteryz brevimstris X X rajid species. 32. Psa,mnobatis bergi X X 39. Rioraja agassizi X X The first comprehensive systematic work on 20. Atlanloraja castclrtaui X X Argentine batoids is Norman (1937), but he 33. Pssarnmobatis extriita X X included only Patagonian species. To date, the 51. C?,niiura altavela X X Argentine batoid fauna is composed of 38 species I ?hrpednpuelcl~a X X of 6 families (including Ithinobatidae) (Table I), 54. Myliobatis freminvillei X X of which by far the largest is the Rajidae 55. Myliobatis goodei X X (Itinyelet & Arimburu, 1960; Stehmann, 1970, 34, Pssarr~mobatislentiginosa X X 1978; Menni, 1972b, 1973; McEachran, 1983; 38. Psa,nmobatis rutrum X X Menni et al., 1984). 8. Rhinobatos hoinrlii XXX The Brazilian hatoid fauna is composed of44 21. Atlantoraja r:ycEophora XXX 6. Prktispectinata XXX species of 7 families (Table 1) (Fowler, 1941; 5. Narcine brasilie,isis XXX Bigelow & Schroeder, 1953; Jl'igueiredo, 1977; 44. Dasyatis cwitroura XXX Rincdnet al., 1997). The largest family also there 58. hfobula hyposto,na XXX is Rajidae. Species of ljrotrygonidae and of pe- 5. Dipturus leploeuuda X nera Benthabatis, Diplobatis, Gurgesiella, 19. Rajella sadowskii X Rajella, ~etobatus,Rhinoptera and Manta are 18. Curgesiella dorsalifem X found off Brazil but do not occur in Argentine 2. Benthobatis sp. X waters (Mcnni el al., 1984). 10. Rhir~obatosprrcellrns X X 43. Da.s>'atis arnericana X X ZOOGEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT 46. Dasyatis guttala X X 48. Dasvatis say X X 52. Gymnura rniwura x x The main patterns of distribution and ecology 5% ~~~~b~~~~narirLari x x of Argentine marine fishes in general, and Mennz & Slehmo,in: Batozd fishes 71 PT BU SBD BR ATLANTIC OCEAN 56. Rhinoptera bo,ia,sus 49. ilasyatis uiolacen INDIAN PROViNCE 9. Ri~iiiobatosle,~tiginosus Biazili~nDistrict 17. Gurgesiello atlnntica 7. Pristis perolteli 3. Diplobatis pictus 45. Dasyalis geijshesi 50. Dasyat~ssp. 42. lJrotvgun niicrophthalnzu,n 57. Riiiiiopteru brasilierisis AMERICA I 60. Manta liirustris 2oes 59. Mobulo rochebruru~ei batoids in particular, are clearly related with the two main zoogeographic provinces in the western South Atlantic. These are the Magellanic Province to the South and the Argentine Province to the North, with the border between them at about 42"s (Fig. 1).The Argentine Province includes a northern section, the South Brazilian District, and a southern one, the Bonaerensean District. It is a common usage among regional biogeographers to characterize the species according to their occurrence in one or the other province or dominion (Krefft, 1968; Menni, 1981). The definition of the provinces is enhanced Fig. 1. Zoogeographic zones along the Atlantic because of the cold temperate (subantarctic) coast of South America, including localities character of the former, and the warm temperate nlentioned
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