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Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus) and Melon ( C DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DES DOKTORGRADES DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN AN DER FAKULTÄT FÜR BIOLOGIE DER LUDWIG–MAXIMILIANS–UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Phylogenetics and biogeography of two clades of Cucurbitaceae: one New World, one Old World, and both with economically important species PATRIZIA M. S EBASTIAN München, September 2011 2 Erklärung Diese Dissertation wurde im Sinne von §12 der Promotionsordnung von Prof. Dr. Susanne S. Renner betreut. Ich erkläre hiermit, dass die Dissertation nicht einer anderen Prüfungskommission vorgelegt worden ist, und dass ich mich nicht anderweitig einer Doktorprüfung ohne Erfolg unterzogen habe. Ehrenwörtliche Versicherung Ich versichere hiermit ehrenwörtlich, dass die vorgelegte Dissertation von mir selbstständig und ohne unerlaubte Hilfe angefertigt wurde. Patrizia M. Sebastian 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Susanne S. Renner 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Günther Heubl Dissertation eingereicht am: 12. September 2011 Mündliche Prüfung am: 24. Mai 2012 3 4 Note Note In this thesis, I present the results from my doctoral research, carried out under the guidance of Prof. Susanne S. Renner at the University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) from June 2008 until September 2011. The results from my research have contributed to five manuscripts that have been published in, or submitted to, international peer-reviewed journals. These are presented in the five chapters of this thesis. All of them have resulted from collaborations with other scientists, and my contributions to each of them were as follows: Chapter 1: S. Renner and myself designed the research together. I generated, analyzed and interpreted the data. The manuscript was written by myself and S. Renner. All co-authors helped with interpretation of the data. Chapter 1 has been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (IF 2010: 9.771) under the following title: Sebastian, P. , Schaefer, H., Telford, I.R.H. and Renner, S.S. (2010) Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon ( C. melo ) have numerous wild relatives in Asia and Australia, and the sister species of melon is from Australia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 107: 14269-14273. Chapter 2: I. Telford and myself studied herbarium specimens and conducted fieldwork, I generated and analyzed the DNA data. Species descriptions and the key were prepared by I. Telford. The manuscript was written by I. Telford and myself, and revised by S. Renner. J. Bruhl prepared the distribution maps. The manuscript was published in Systematic Botany (IF 2010: 1.897) under the following title: Telford, I.R.H., Sebastian, P. , Bruhl, J.J. and Renner, S.S. (2011) Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae) in Australia and eastern Malesia, including newly recognized species and the sister species to C. melo . Systematic Botany , 36: 376-389. Chapter 3: Data for this chapter were generated and evaluated by myself, except for the sequences of Darwin’s specimen of S. villosus , which were generated by H. Schaefer. The manuscript was written by all authors in equal parts and published in Journal of Biogeography (IF 2010: 4.273) under the title: 5 Note Sebastian, P. , Schaefer, H. and Renner, S.S. (2010) Darwin’s Galapagos gourd: providing new insights 175 years after his visit. Journal of Biogeography , 35: 975-978. Chapter 4: S. Renner and myself designed the research together. I generated, analyzed and interpreted the data. The manuscript was written by myself and S. Renner. The other co- authors contributed the majority of DNA samples and commented on the manuscript. The manuscript is currently in review for Journal of Biogeography (IF 2010: 4.273) under the title: Sebastian, P. , Schaefer, H., Lira, R., Telford, I.R.H. and Renner, S.S. Radiation following long-distance dispersal: the contributions of time, opportunity, and diaspore morphology in Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae). Chapter 5: For this chapter, I. Telford and myself conducted fieldwork together, and both of us studied herbarium specimens. Telford conducted the phenetic analyses with help from J. Bruhl and prepared the species descriptions and key to the species, while I generated, analyzed, and interpreted the molecular data. Both of us wrote the main text, and S. Renner revised the manuscript, which is currently in review for Australian Systematic Botany (IF 2010: 0.961) under the title: Telford, I.R.H., Sebastian, P ., Bruhl, J.J. and Renner, S.S. Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae) in the south-western Pacific. 6 Table of contents Table of contents Note ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Table of contents ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Zusammenfassung ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 General Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Cucurbitaceae ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Cucumis ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Sicyos .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 References ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 1: Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) and melon ( C. melo ) have numerous wild relatives in Asia and Australia, and the sister species of melon is from Australia .................................. 27 Chapter 2: Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae) in Australia and eastern Malesia, including newly recognized species and the sister species to C. melo .................................................................................. 47 Chapter 3: Darwin's Galapagos gourd: providing new insights 175 years after his visit .............. 63 Chapter 4: Radiation following long-distance dispersal: the contributions of time, opportunity, and diaspore morphology in Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae) ................................................. 69 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 71 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................... 71 Materials and Methods ......................................................................................................................................................... 74 Results ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 78 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 83 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................................................... 85 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................. 85 References ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 86 Supplementary Materials ................................................................................................................................................... 90 Chapter 5: Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae) in Australia, New Zealand and the islands of the south- western Pacific ......................................................................................................................................................................... 103 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 105 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................ 105 Materials and Methods .....................................................................................................................................................
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