Informe Anual De La Comisión Interamericana De

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Informe Anual De La Comisión Interamericana De COMISIÓN INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 51 30 diciembre 2009 Original: Español IINNFFOORRMMEE AANNUUAALL DDEE LLAA CCOOMMIISSIIÓÓNN IINNTTEERRAAMMEERRIICCAANNAA DDEE DDEERRECCHHOOSS HHUUMMAANNOOSS 22000099 INFORME DE LA RELATORÍA ESPECIAL PARA LA LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN Dra. Catalina Botero Relatora Especial para la Libertad de Expresión i INFORME ANUAL DE LA RELATORÍA PARA LA LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN 2009 ÍNDICE TABLA DE ACRÓNIMOS Y REFERENCIAS ................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCCIÓN.................................................................................................................... 1 CAPÍTULO I INFORMACIÓN GENERAL..................................................................................... 5 A. Creación de la Relatoría Especial y respaldo institucional............................................ 5 B. Mandato de la Relatoría Especial............................................................................. 8 C. Principales actividades de la Relatoría Especial.......................................................... 9 1. Sistema de casos individuales: Litigio estratégico en materia de libertad de expresión dentro del sistema interamericano................................................... 9 2. Medidas cautelares ........................................................................................ 12 3. Audiencias públicas ....................................................................................... 13 4. Visitas oficiales ............................................................................................. 13 5. Seminarios y talleres de trabajo con actores estratégicos en la región .................. 14 6. Informe Anual y producción de conocimiento experto ........................................ 18 7. Pronunciamientos y declaraciones especiales: El ejercicio de la magistratura de opinión.................................................................................. 18 D. Equipo de trabajo de la Relatoría Especial............................................................... 20 E. Financiamiento ................................................................................................... 21 CAPÍTULO II EVALUACIÓN SOBRE EL ESTADO DE LA LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN EN EL HEMISFERIO ............................................................................................................. 23 A. Introducción y metodología .................................................................................. 23 B. Evaluación sobre la situación de la libertad de expresión en los Estados miembros ...... 24 1. Antigua y Barbuda......................................................................................... 24 2. Argentina ..................................................................................................... 24 3. Barbados ...................................................................................................... 35 4. Bolivia.......................................................................................................... 35 5. Brasil ........................................................................................................... 42 6. Canadá ........................................................................................................ 49 7. Chile ............................................................................................................ 52 8. Colombia...................................................................................................... 55 9. Costa Rica.................................................................................................... 69 10. Cuba............................................................................................................ 71 11. Ecuador........................................................................................................ 77 12. El Salvador ................................................................................................... 87 13. Estados Unidos ............................................................................................. 88 14. Granada ....................................................................................................... 91 15. Guatemala .................................................................................................... 92 16. Guyana ........................................................................................................ 97 17. Haití............................................................................................................. 98 18. Honduras...................................................................................................... 99 19. Jamaica ..................................................................................................... 123 20. México....................................................................................................... 125 21. Nicaragua ................................................................................................... 141 22. Panamá...................................................................................................... 147 23. Paraguay .................................................................................................... 149 24. Perú........................................................................................................... 151 iii 25. República Dominicana .................................................................................. 158 26. Santa Lucía................................................................................................. 159 27. Surinam ..................................................................................................... 159 28. Uruguay ..................................................................................................... 160 29. Venezuela................................................................................................... 163 CAPÍTULO III MARCO JURÍDICO INTERAMERICANO DEL DERECHO A LA LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN ................................................................................................................. 223 A. Importancia y función del derecho a la libertad de expresión .................................. 223 1. Importancia de la libertad de expresión en el marco jurídico interamericano......... 223 2. Funciones del derecho a la libertad de expresión ............................................. 224 B. Características principales del derecho a la libertad de expresión............................. 226 1. Titularidad del derecho a la libertad de expresión............................................. 226 2. Doble dimensión—individual y colectiva—de la libertad de expresión.................. 227 3. Deberes y responsabilidades que forman parte del contenido de la libertad de expresión ................................................................................ 228 C. Tipos de discurso protegidos por la libertad de expresión ....................................... 228 1. Tipos de discurso protegidos según su forma.................................................. 228 2. Tipos de discurso protegidos según su contenido ............................................ 231 o dignidad personales................................................................................... 240 3. Discursos no protegidos por la libertad de expresión ........................................ 241 D. Limitaciones a la libertad de expresión................................................................. 242 1. Admisibilidad de limitaciones bajo la Convención Americana ............................. 242 2. Condiciones que deben cumplir las limitaciones para ser legítimas según la Convención Americana................................................................................. 244 3. Estándares de control más estrictos para ciertas limitaciones en atención al tipo de discurso sobre el que recaen........................................................... 254 4. Medios de limitación de la libertad de expresión para proteger los derechos ajenos a la honra y a la reputación................................................................. 255 E. La prohibición de la censura y de las restricciones indirectas a la libertad de expresión272 1. La prohibición de la censura previa directa...................................................... 272 2. La prohibición de restricciones indirectas a la libertad de expresión por las autoridades................................................................................................. 274 3. La prohibición de restricciones indirectas a la libertad de expresión por causas distintas al abuso de restricciones estatales .................................................... 277 F. Los periodistas y los medios de comunicación social ............................................. 279 1. Importancia del periodismo y de los medios para la democracia. Caracterización del periodismo bajo la Convención Americana ................................................. 279 2. Responsabilidad inherente al ejercicio del periodismo ....................................... 281 3. Derechos de los periodistas y deberes estatales de protección de la integridad e independencia de los periodistas y medios de comunicación ............................. 282 4. Periodistas que cubren situaciones de conflicto armado o de emergencia............ 289 5. Condiciones inherentes
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