DOCSLIB.ORG

The Athenian Constitution ; the Eudemian Ethics ; on Virtues and Vices

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

HANDUOUiND AT THE UNIVERSITY OF L.. / ^ /^ THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAAIES I.OEB, I-I^.D. EDITED BY T. E. PAGE, C.H., MTT.D. C/. VPS, PH.D., LL.». W H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. ARISTOTLE THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION THE EUDEMIAN ETHICS ON VIRTUES AND VICES AKISTOTLE THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION THE EUDEMIAN ETHICS ON VIRTUES AND VICES WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY H. RACKHAM, MA. FELLOW AND LECTURER OF CHRIST'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE fc^33fc LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHLSE'lTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMXXXV CONTENTS THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION Introduction .... 2 Outline of Contents 6 Text and Translation 8 Index ..... 183 THE EUDEMIAN ETHICS : ARISTOTLE THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION INTRODUCTION The Po litEIa I The place of the Athenian Constitution in the encyclo- pedia of Aristotle's writings is known to us from the concluding paragraph of the Nicomachean Ethics. That work forms the first volume of a treatise on the welfare of man as a social being, of which the Politics forms the second volume ; and at the end of the former {N.E. x. ix. 21 , 23) a prefatory outline of the latter is given, in which occur the phrases ' the collections of constitutions,' ' the collected con- ' stitutions ; it is stated that on these will be based that division of the Politics (i.e. Books III.-VI.) which will deal with the stability of states in general and of the various special forms of constitution, and with the causes of good and bad government. These treatises are said in ancient lists of Aristotle's writings to have been a hundred and fifty-eight in number. Each no doubt consisted, like the volume before us, of a constitutional history of the state in question followed by a description of its constitution at the time of writing. They are frequently spoken of as the work of Aristotle, but he may well have employed the aid of pupils in their compilation. They were not preserved through the Middle Ages in the Aristotelian Corpus, and until fifty years ago 2 ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION were only known to modern students from numerous references and quotations in later writers. The Athenian Constitution: MSS. But in 1880 two small and much damaged sheets of papyrus were found in the sands of Egypt which scholars eventually proved to come from a copy of the most important of all these constitutional treatises, the one on the Constitution of Athens. These sheets are now in the Berlin Museum. Palaeo- graphers ascribe them to the fourth century a.d. Ten years later, among some papyrus rolls acquired from Egypt by the British Museum, the Librarian F. G. Kenyon recognized four sheets as containing a copy of almost the whole treatise. These sheets have writing on both sides. On the front are some accounts of receipts and expenses kept by a farm bailiif named Didymus for his master Epimachus, near the Egyptian town of Hermopolis, in the tenth and eleventh years of Vespasian, a.d. 78 and 79- On the back is the Aristotelian treatise ; its beginning is wanting, and the first page of the book is blank, showing that it was copied from a damaged copy of the work ; and the last roll is very fragmentary. Different parts are written in different hands, four in all ; the script is said to date the copy at about A.D. 100. It was doubtless made for a private person (perhaps the writer of one of the four hands), and probably buried with its owner at his death. Editions In 1891 Sir Frederick Kenyon published a facsimile of the papyrus, and a printed edition of the text with ARISTOTLE an introduction and notes. In 1893 a revised text with a full and valuable commentary was put out by Sandys. Kenyon prepared an edition for the Royal Academy of Berlin, published in 1903, in which he included the fragments of the fourth roll con- jecturally arranged in a consecutive text ; and his latest edition was published at Oxford in 1920. Of several published abroad, the latest is the Teubner text of 1928 by Oppermann, based on the previous editions of Blass and Thalheim. Text The text of the present edition is based on the editio princeps of Kenyon, but it has been corrected by later scholars' readings of the papyrus. A few critical notes and suggested emendations are ap- pended ; but in regard to inaccuracies of grammar and arithmetic, trifling inelegancies of phrase (e.g. T0v8e , for which most editors substitute rovOe ), exactly how many are due to a copyist's carelessness and how many are to be saddled on the author, no two scholars will agree. To the papyrus text have here been prefixed and appended the principal passages from the lost beginning and end of the treatise that the learned industry of scholars has gleaned from the quotations of later Greek authors. Dates of Composition The latest event mentioned in the Athenian Constitution (liv. 7) is the archonship of Cephisophon, 329 B.C. The book also mentions (xlvi. 1) triremes 4 ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION and quadriremes, but not quinquiremes ; and the earliest date at which quinquiremes in the Athenian navy are recorded is 325 B.C. The treatise can thus be dated between 328 and 325 B.C. Moreover it speaks (Ixii. 16) of officials still being sent to Samos, and Samos ceased to be under the control of Athens in the autumn of 322 B.C., the year of Aristotle's death. OUTLINE OF CONTENTS Part I, Constitutional History of Athens to 403 b.c. (1) FrA. Original hereditary absolute monarchy. Military command transferred from king to war-lord in time of Ion. Fr. 2. Local division of royal power among four sons of Pandion. Fr. 3. Unity restored by Theseus. Fr. 4. Growth of popular power under Theseus. (2) Fr. 5. Constitution in time of Theseus : four Tribes, Thirds, Brotherhoods, Clans. Fr. 6. Murder of Theseus. Recovery of his bones by Athens. Fr. 7. End of hereditary monarchy. Fr. 8. Conspiracy of Cylon put down by Megacles. MS. c. i. Pollution and purification of Athens. c. ii. Civil disorders from forced labour of debtors. — c. iii. Constitution before Draco. Third archon in- stituted, the king retaining religious functions. Three archonships finally made annual, and six Thesmothetae added. An aristocracy, the nine archons being elected by the Areopagus, whose members were ex-archons. Conspiracy of Cylon. Discontent and poverty of lower orders. (3) c. iv. Constitution of Draco, the first code of laws. Council of Four Hundred and One. Punishment of Alcmaeonidae. (4) cc. v.-ix. Constitution of Solon : four property-classes with graded functions, the fourth takes part in the - assembly and law-courts. 6 ; ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION c. X. Solon's cancellation of debts, and system of weights and measures, cc. xi., xii. Ten years of party strife. Solon's poems. (5) cc. xiii.-xix. Tyranny of Peisistratus and his sons. (6) cc. xx.-xxii. Reforms of Cleisthenes. Creation of democracy. (7) cc. xxiii., xxiv. Supremacy of Areopagus after Persian wars. Aristeides and Themistocles. Con- federacy of Delos ; taxation of allies. (8) cc. xxv., xxvi. Democracy restored by Ephialtes, and extended by Pericles. .,...^ c. xxviii. Popular leadership, historical review. (Sj cc. xxix., XXX. Revolution of the Four Hundred ; after failure of Sicilian expedition Athens forced to abandon democracy; citizenship to be limited to Five Thousand, c. xxxi. The Council of Four Hundred govern as an oligarchy. (10) cc. xxxii.-xxxiv. Counter-revolution : democracy re- stored. Then Sparta defeats Athens in the war and sets up the Thirty. (11) cc. xxxv.-xxxviii. Despotic rule of the Thirty. They are put down by exiles led by Thrasybulus. (12) cc. xxxix., xl. Extreme democracy restored : the Assembly, people supreme ; payment for attending c. xli. The eleven revolutions recapitulated. Part II. The Existing Constitution c. xlii. The franchise. cc. xliii.-lx. The officials (a) elected by lot—the Council, archons, and others c. Ixi. (b) elected by vote—military officers. c. Ixii. Payment of officials. c. Ixiii. and foil. The law-courts : procedure. Primae partis Epitoma Heraclidis [Heracleides Lembos in ike second century b.c. compiled a book called which contained quotations from Aristotle's Constitutions. Excerpts madefrom this book, or from a later treatise by another author based upon it, have come down to us in a fragmentary form in a Vatican us. of the 8th century, now at Paris, under the title These edited .others later. were by Schneidewin in 1847 and by 1. i^ , . " rare * ( , ," - ^iyvat, '' - /^'^'^'•• (Harpocration s.v. .) " ' ,^'. (Schol.'Aristoph. 1537.)) 1 CyvvaiKOsy Rose. " A word has perhaps been lost in the Greek, giving ' the wife of Xuthus ' —unless indeed the text is a ddiberate ARISTOTLE—THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION Heracleides' Epitome of the first part For a complete study of these contributions to the recon- struction of The Athenian Constitution readers must consult the standard commentators on the latter; only those fragments which belong to the lost early part of the treatise are given here. Quotations of the same passages of Aristotle made by other writers have been collected by scholars, and are inserted in the text in brackets { > where they gaps in Heracleides.^ Fr. 1 . The Athenians originally had a royal govern- ment. It was when Ion came to dwell with them that they were first called lonians. (For when he came to dwell in Attica, as Aristotle says, the Athenians came to be called lonians, and Apollo was named their Ancestral god. The Athenians honour Ancestral Apollo because their War-lord Ion was the son of Apollo and Creusa the daughter * of Xuthus.) bowdlerization of the legend.
Recommended publications
  • The Trial and Death of Socrates : Being the Euthyphron, Apology, Crito, and Phaedo of Plato

    The Trial and Death of Socrates : Being the Euthyphron, Apology, Crito, and Phaedo of Plato

    LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO /?. (Boffcen THE TRIAL & DEATH OF SOCRATES *O 5' dve^Tcurroj /3toj ov /Siwrds cu>0p(j!nrip ' An unexamined life is not worth living.' (PLATO, Apol. 38 A. ) THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF SOCRATES BEING THE EUTHYPHRON, APOLOGY, CRITO, AND PH^EDO OF PLATO TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH BY F. J. CHURCH, M.A. LONDON MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1895 [ All rights reserved.] First Edition printed 1880 Second Edition, Golden Treasury Series, 1886 Reprinted 1887, 1888, 1890, 1891, 1892, March and September 1895 PREFACE. THIS book, which is intended principally for the large and increasing class of readers who wish to learn something of the masterpieces of Greek literature, and who cannot easily read them in Greek, was originally published by Messrs. Macmillan in a different form. Since its first appearance it has been revised and corrected throughout, and largely re- written. The chief part of the Introduction is new. It is not intended to be a general essay on Socrates, but only an attempt to explain and illustrate such points in his life and teaching as are referred to in these dialogues, which, taken by themselves, con- tain Plato's description of his great master's life, and work, and death. The books which were most useful to me in writing it are Professor Zeller's Socrates and the Socratic Schools, and the edition of the VI PREFACE. Apology by the late Rev. James Riddell, published after his death by the delegates of the Clarendon Press. His account of Socrates is singularly striking.
  • Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Version 1.1 (Last Updated : Apr

    Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Version 1.1 (Last Updated : Apr

    - Institute for scientific and technical information - Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Vocabulary of PHILOSOPHY Version 1.1 (Last updated : Apr. 05, 2018) This resource contains 4435 entries grouped into 89 collections. Controlled vocabulary used for indexing bibliographical records for the "Philosophy" FRANCIS database (1972-2015, http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/ ). This vocabulary is browsable online at: https://www.loterre.fr Legend • Syn: Synonym. • →: Corresponding Preferred Term. • FR: French Preferred Term. • DE: German Preferred Term. • SC: Semantic Category. • DO: Domain. • URI: Concept's URI (link to the online view). This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license: LIST OF ENTRIES List of entries English French Page • 10th century Xe siècle 176 • 11th - 13th centuries XIe - XIIIe siècles 176 • 11th century XIe siècle 176 • 12th -13th centuries XIIe - XIIIe siècles 176 • 12th century XIIe siècle 176 • 13th - 14th centuries XIIIe - XIVe siècles 176 • 13th - 15th centuries XIIIe - XVe siècles 176 • 13th century XIIIe siècle 176 • 14th - 15th centuries XIVe - XVe siècles 176 • 14th - 16th centuries XIVe - XVIe siècles 176 • 14th - 17th centuries XIVe - XVIIe siècles 176 • 14th century XIVe siècle 176 • 15th - 17th centuries XVe - XVIIe siècles 176 • 15th century XVe siècle 176 • 1656-1658 1656-1658 176 • 16th - 17th centuries XVIe - XVIIe siècles 176 • 16th - 18th centuries XVIe - XVIIIe siècles 176 • 16th - 20th centuries XVIe - XXe siècles 176 • 16th century XVIe siècle 176 • 1735-1985 1735-1985
  • Religion, Economy, and State: Economic Thought of Al-Mawardi in Adab Al-Dunya Wa-Al-Din by Aan JAELANI

    Religion, Economy, and State: Economic Thought of Al-Mawardi in Adab Al-Dunya Wa-Al-Din by Aan JAELANI

    Journal of Economics Library www.kspjournals.org Volume 3 September 2016 Issue 3 Religion, Economy, and State: Economic Thought of al-Mawardi in Adab al-Dunya wa-al-Din By Aan JAELANIa† Abstract. The relation between religion, economy and the country became a major topic in the development of public welfare systems. Humans are political creatures that have the potential to realise the level of moral conscience to meet the needs of a better life, but humans as spiritual beings must have a balance between religious morality and economic morality. With economic ethics are supported by religious morality, the welfare system can be realised systemically if the state, communities and individuals can realise the six- dimensional form: religious observance, good governance, justice, national security, the prosperity of society and the nation's vision. Keywords. Religion, Economy, State, Ethics, Welfare state. JEL. B30, I30, N30, P50, Z12. 1. Introduction or the analysis of the public welfare, al-Mawardi al-Baghdadi (d. 450/1058) start a discussion philosophically about political ethics and Muslim character F with an emphasis on the role of individuals and communities to create integrity and social balance. In fact, the goal was set to realise the happiness of living in the world and in the hereafter (al-Arzanjani, 1328: 221-223). By applying philosophical postulates for a solid religious grounds, al-Mawardi describes human beings as political creatures (Arkoun, 2000: 250). If a man is a political creature, because he is basically weak (QS. Al-Nisa ', 4: 28), then he can not live without the help of others, in contrast to animals capable of living independently (al-Mawardi, 1996: 92- 93; al-Arzanjani, 1328: 218-219).
  • Agorapicbk-17.Pdf

    Agorapicbk-17.Pdf

    Excavations of the Athenian Agora Picture Book No. 17 Prepared by Mabel L. Lang Dedicated to Eugene Vanderpool o American School of Classical Studies at Athens ISBN 87661-617-1 Produced by the Meriden Gravure Company Meriden, Connecticut COVER: Bone figure of Socrates TITLE PAGE: Hemlock SOCRATES IN THE AGORA AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 1978 ‘Everything combines to make our knowledge of Socrates himself a subject of Socratic irony. The only thing we know definitely about him is that we know nothing.’ -L. Brunschvicg As FAR AS we know Socrates himselfwrote nothing, yet not only were his life and words given dramatic attention in his own time in the Clouds of Ar- istophanes, but they have also become the subject of many others’ writing in the centuries since his death. Fourth-century B.C. writers who had first-hand knowledge of him composed either dialogues in which he was the dominant figure (Plato and Aeschines) or memories of his teaching and activities (Xe- nophon). Later authors down even to the present day have written numerous biographies based on these early sources and considering this most protean of philosophers from every possible point of view except perhaps the topograph- ical one which is attempted here. Instead of putting Socrates in the context of 5th-century B.C. philosophy, politics, ethics or rhetoric, we shall look to find him in the material world and physical surroundings of his favorite stamping- grounds, the Athenian Agora. Just as ‘agora’ in its original sense meant ‘gathering place’ but came in time to mean ‘market place’, so the agora itself was originally a gathering place I.
  • 7 Aristotle on Greatness of Soul

    7 Aristotle on Greatness of Soul

    7 Aristotle on Greatness of Soul Roger Crisp n the recent revival of interest in Aristotelian ethics, relatively little attention has been paid to the virtue of greatness of soul (megalopsuchia). This is partly Ibecause of the focus on the more structurally central concepts of Aristotle’s theory, in particular happiness (eudaimonia) and virtue (aret¯e). But in fact a study of greatness of soul can reveal important insights into the overall shape of Aristotelian ethics, including the place of external goods and luck in the virtuous life, and the significance of “the noble” (to kalon). Further, Aristotle describes the great-souled person in more detail than any other, and calls greatness of soul a “sort of crown of the virtues” (NE IV.3.1124a1–2). Many have found aspects of the portrait of the great-souled person in the Nicomachean Ethics repellent or absurd, but that is no good reason for the student of Aristotle to shy away from it. In this chapter, I shall elucidate Aristotle’s account of greatness of soul, addressing some puzzles internal to that account and bringing out its place in, and implications for, the ethics of Aristotle and of those modern writers influenced by him. Greatness of Soul as a Virtue To understand greatness of soul as an Aristotelian virtue requires first understand- ing Aristotle’s conception of virtue itself. Aristotle distinguishes virtues into two classes – intellectual virtues and virtues of character – corresponding to distinct aspects of the human soul (NE I.13). Greatness of soul is a virtue of character, though, like all such virtues, it requires its possessor to have the intellectual virtue of practical wisdom (phron¯esis; NE VI.13).
  • Discussion Paper: 11.09 November 2011 Aristotle's

    Discussion Paper: 11.09 November 2011 Aristotle's

    MASSEY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE DISCUSSION PAPER: 11.09 NOVEMBER 2011 JAMES E. ALVEY ARISTOTLE’S ETHICS AND ECONOMICS PART II: POLITICS (HIGH AND LOW) This series contains work in progress at the School of Economics and Finance, Massey University. Comments and criticism are invited. Quotations may be made on explicit permission of the author(s). The Secretary School of Economics and Finance Massey University Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North 4442 NEW ZEALAND Phone: 06 356 9099 Extn 7744 Fax: 06 350 5660 Discussion Paper 11.09 ISSN 1179-0474 (Online) ∗ Aristotle’s Ethics and Economics Part II: Politics (High and Low) James E. Alvey School of Economics and Finance Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand ABSTRACT This paper on Aristotle (384-322 BC) is part of a long-term research programme on the ancient Greeks. It is a companion to other work, which deals with the ancient Greek context, and the thought/work of Socrates (469-399 BC), Plato (427-347 BC), and Xenophon (434- 355 BC). The framework for the investigations is shaped by the Capabilities approach developed by Amartya Sen. This is the second of three papers concerning Aristotle. The first paper considered Aristotle’s ethics. The projected paper will focus on his economics. The current paper focuses on Aristotle’s politics. Aristotle distinguishes between a narrow and a broad definition of politics (politikē). The peak of politics in the polis, the legislative art, fundamentally affects private behaviour (and choice and character) by individuals through enactment of law. Political science, in this sense, is the ‘architectonic’ or ‘master’ science i.e.
  • The Prosecutors of Socrates and the Political Motive Theory

    The Prosecutors of Socrates and the Political Motive Theory

    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2-1981 The prosecutors of Socrates and the political motive theory Thomas Patrick Kelly Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Intellectual History Commons, and the Political History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kelly, Thomas Patrick, "The prosecutors of Socrates and the political motive theory" (1981). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2692. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2689 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Thomas Patrick Kelly for the Master of Arts in History presented February 26, 1981. Title: The Prosecutors of Socrates and The Political Motive Theory. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS CO~rnITTEE: ~~varnos, Cha1rman Charles A. Le Guin Roderlc D1man This thesis presents a critical analysis of the histor- ical roles assigned to the prosecutors of Socrates by modern historians. Ancient sources relating to the trial and the principles involved, and modern renditions, especially those of John Burnet and A. E. Taylor, originators of the theory that the trial of Socrates was politically motivated, are critically 2 analyzed and examined. The thesis concludes that the political motive theory is not supported by the evidence on which it relies. THE PROSECUTORS OF SOCRATES AND THE POLITICAL MOTIVE THEORY by THOMAS PATRICK KELLY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in HISTORY Portland State University 1981 TO THE OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH: The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Thomas Patrick Kelly presented February 26, 1981.
  • Illinois Classical Studies

    Illinois Classical Studies

    NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materialsl The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book Is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result In dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN e-f ^.ft.f r OCT [im L161—O-1096 A ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XVIII 1993 ISSN 0363-1923 ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XVIII 1993 SCHOLARS PRESS ISSN 0363-1923 ILLINOIS CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XVIII Studies in Honor of Miroslav Marcovich ©1993 The Board of Trustees University of Illinois Copies of the journal may be ordered from: Scholars Press Membership Services P.O. Box 15399 Atlanta, GA 30333-0399 Printed in the U.S.A. 220 :^[r EDITOR David Sansone ADVISORY EDITORIAL COMMITTEE John J. Bateman Howard Jacobson Gerald M. Browne S. Douglas Olson William M. Calder III Maryline G. Parca CAMERA-READY COPY PRODUCED BY Britt Johnson, under the direction of Mary Ellen Fryer Illinois Classical Studies is published annually by Scholars Press. Camera- ready copy is edited and produced in the Department of the Classics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Each conu-ibutor receives twenty-five offprints. Contributions should be addressed to: The Editor, Illinois Classical Studies Department of the Classics 4072 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801 ^-AUro s ioM --J^ojrco ^/c/ — PREFACE The Department of the Classics of the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign and the Advisory Editorial Committee of Illinois Classical Studies are pleased to devote this issue and the next to the publication of Studies in Honor of Miroslav Marcovich.
  • Ancient Economic Thought, Volume 1

    Ancient Economic Thought, Volume 1

    ANCIENT ECONOMIC THOUGHT This collection explores the interrelationship between economic practice and intellectual constructs in a number of ancient cultures. Each chapter presents a new, richer understanding of the preoccupation of the ancients with specific economic problems including distribution, civic pride, management and uncertainty and how they were trying to resolve them. The research is based around the different artifacts and texts of the ancient East Indian, Hebraic, Greek, Hellenistic, Roman and emerging European cultures which remain for our consideration today: religious works, instruction manuals, literary and historical writings, epigrapha and legal documents. In looking at such items it becomes clear what a different exercise it is to look forward, from the earliest texts and artifacts of any culture, to measure the achievements of thinking in the areas of economics, than it is to take the more frequent route and look backward, beginning with the modern conception of economic systems and theory creation. Presenting fascinating insights into the economic thinking of ancient cultures, this volume will enhance the reawakening of interest in ancient economic history and thought. It will be of great interest to scholars of economic thought and the history of ideas. B.B.Price is Professor of Ancient and Medieval History at York University, Toronto, and is currently doing research and teaching as visiting professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ROUTLEDGE STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS 1 Economics as Literature
  • Aristotle and the Value of Tragedy Malcolm Heath

    Aristotle and the Value of Tragedy Malcolm Heath

    Aristotle and the Value of Tragedy Malcolm Heath This article explores Aristotle’s understanding of the value of tragedy. The primarily technical analyses of the Poetics are not sufficient for this purpose: they must be read in the context of Aristotle’s philosophical anthropology. An outline of Aristotle’s understanding of the structure of human motivation provides a framework within which to interpret his discussion of the uses of music, and in particular of music’s status as an intrinsically valuable component of cultivated Downloaded from leisure. Applying that model to tragedy requires an explanation of what motivates engagement with drama that evokes distressing affects. Aristotle’s account of musical katharsis, if read with sufficient attention to its structure and interpreted in the light of his analysis of pleasure, provides a solution. If the importance which Aristotle attaches to intrinsically valuable leisure activities is overlooked, it http://bjaesthetics.oxfordjournals.org/ is not possible to understand his conception of a good human life, or his aesthetics. What motivates human beings to invest time and effort in producing and consuming trag- edies? And how does that investment contribute to a characteristically human way of life? That is, what value attaches to the production and consumption of tragedies? Though Aristotle touches briefly on poetry’s roots in human nature at the beginning of Poetics 4, for the most part the existence of poetry and its diverse kinds is treated in the Poetics, not as an explanandum, but as the starting point for technical analyses of how poems, in their various kinds, are best composed.
  • Catalogue of Titles of Works Attributed to Aristotle

    Catalogue of Titles of Works Attributed to Aristotle

    Catalogue of Titles of works attributed by Aristotle 1 To enhance readability of the translations and usability of the catalogues, I have inserted the following bold headings into the lists. These have no authority in any manuscript, but are based on a theory about the composition of the lists described in chapter 3. The text and numbering follows that of O. Gigon, Librorum deperditorum fragmenta. PART ONE: Titles in Diogenes Laertius (D) I. Universal works (ta kathalou) A. The treatises (ta syntagmatika) 1. The dialogues or exoterica (ta dialogika ex terika) 2. The works in propria persona or lectures (ta autopros pa akroamatika) a. Instrumental works (ta organika) b. Practical works (ta praktika) c. Productive Works (ta poi tika) d. Theoretical works (ta the r tika) . Natural philosophy (ta physiologia) . Mathematics (ta math matika) B. Notebooks (ta hypomn matika) II. Intermediate works (ta metaxu) III. Particular works (ta merika) PART TWO: Titles in the Vita Hesychii (H) This list is organized in the same way as D, with two exceptions. First, IA2c “productive works” has dropped out. Second, there is an appendix, organized as follows: IV. Appendix A. Intermediate or Particular works B. Treatises C. Notebooks D. Falsely ascribed works PART THREE: Titles in Ptolemy al-Garib (A) This list is organized in the same way as D, except it contains none of the Intermediate or Particular works. It was written in Arabic, and later translated into Latin, and then reconstructed into Greek, which I here translate. PART FOUR: Titles in the order of Bekker (B) The modern edition contains works only in IA2 (“the works in propria persona”), and replaces the theoretical works before the practical and productive, as follows.
  • Public Finance and Democratic Ideology in Fourth-Century BC Athens by Christopher Scott Welser BA, Sw

    Public Finance and Democratic Ideology in Fourth-Century BC Athens by Christopher Scott Welser BA, Sw

    Dēmos and Dioikēsis: Public Finance and Democratic Ideology in Fourth-Century B.C. Athens By Christopher Scott Welser B.A., Swarthmore College, 1994 M.A., University of Maryland, 1999 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. May, 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Christopher Scott Welser This dissertation by Christopher Scott Welser is accepted in its present form by the Department of Classics as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date________________ _______________________________________ Adele C. Scafuro, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date________________ _______________________________________ Alan L. Boegehold, Reader Date________________ _______________________________________ David Konstan, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date________________ _______________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Christopher Scott Welser was born in Romeo, Michigan in 1971. He attended Roeper City and Country School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and in 1994 he graduated from Swarthmore College, earning an Honors B.A. in Economics (his major) and Biology (his minor). After working for several years at public policy research firms in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, he decided to pursue the study of Classics, an interest of his since childhood. Upon earning an M.A. with Distinction in Latin and Greek from the University of Maryland at College Park in 1999, he enrolled in the Ph.D. program in Classics at Brown University. While working on his Ph.D., he spent two years as Seymour Fellow (2002-2003) and Capps Fellow (2004-2005) at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and participated in the summer program of the American Academy in Rome (2000).