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Geologic Outline of the Jicarilla Mountains, Lincoln County, New Mexico Antonius J

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Geologic Outline of the Jicarilla Mountains, Lincoln County, New Mexico Antonius J New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/15 Geologic outline of the Jicarilla Mountains, Lincoln County, New Mexico Antonius J. Budding, 1964, pp. 82-86 in: Ruidoso Country (New Mexico), Ash, S. R.; Davis, L. R.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 15th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 195 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1964 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY • FIFTEENTH FIELD CONFERENCE GEOLOGIC OUTLINE OF THE JICARILLA MOUNTAINS, LINCOLN COUNTY, NEW MEXICO A. J. Budding New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, New Mexico INTRODUCTION Mountain, where doming by intrusives has brought the Permian sequence close to the present erosion surface, The Jicarilla Mountains are an extension of the intertonguing of Glorieta and San Andres lithologies north-trending ranges of the Sacramento Mountains and obscures the contact between these two formations. Sierra Blanca which dominate the landscape of south- Northeast of Luna, the Glorieta Sandstone is a 120-foot central New Mexico. Although the highest points in the thick unit consisting mainly of medium-grained, well- Jicarillas are not as lofty as Nogal Peak and Sierra sorted quartz sandstone of pink to gray color. Grain Blanca Peak to the south, they stand out as well-de- size is somewhat variable in individual beds, and in the veloped topographic prominences between the Tularosa coarser grained layers, cross-bedding can occasionally Basin to the west and the high plains to the east. be observed. The absence of good quality topographic maps of The uppermost unit of unquestionable Permian age the Jicarilla Mountains is a disadvantage in making de- is the San Andres Formation. In the area under dis- tailed geological investigations. Perhaps the best avail- cussion the formation consists mostly of a chert-bearing able in the form of planimetric maps are the semicon- dark-gray porous limestone, with sandstone interbeds trolled mosaics, prepared from aerial photographs by the near its base, and discontinuous gypsum layers near Soil Conservation Service of the U.S. Department of the top. Agriculture. Four photo-maps, of the NW quarter, SW quarter, SE quarter, and NE quarter, each on an ap- Due to its resistant nature to erosive forces, and its proximate scale of one inch equals one half mile, cover considerable thickness, exposures of the San Andres For- the area between lat 33°45 and 34°00 N. and between mation are widespread. Much of the area south of An- long 105°30 and 105°45 W., or what perhaps in the cho, and north and south of the Jicarilla monzonite is not too distant future will become known as the "Ji- underlain by this formation. The high plains north and carilla 15 minute quadrangle." The Jicarilla Mountains, east of Jacks Peak are on a low angle dip slope of San as used here, will include the area covered by the NW Andres limestone. and SW quarter photo-maps. Thickness measurements of this important unit are complicated by a lack of relief in critical areas, the inter- STRATIGRAPHY tonguing nature of the underlying Glorieta Sandstone Sediments of Permian, Triassic, Cretaceous and and the San Andres Formation, and the varying im- Tertiary age form the bedrock in many parts of the portance of gypsum beds in the upper part. Northeast Jicarilla Mountains. The following descriptions will of Luna, where the Glorieta Sandstone can be distin- serve to outline the lithologic character and thickness guished as a separate unit, the San Andres Formation of these beds, and any other characteristics specific to is 510 feet thick. To the south, the formation thickens, the area. and 615 feet is thought to be present near the Jicarilla intrusive. In this area, however, Glorieta Sandstone in- Permian Rocks tertongues may increase the thickness considerably. Only the upper part of the Yeso Formation is pre- Overlying the San Andres Formation, and below the sent in the area. Best exposures are to be found along Triassic Dockum Group, is found a series of yellow and the right-of-way of old U.S. Highway 54, about 21/2 red sandstone, limestone and gypsum beds, which, in miles northeast of Luna, where gypsiferous siltstones view of their stratigraphic position, are tentatively cor- and fine- to medium-grained sandstones of pale-yellow related with the Bernal Formation (Bachman, 1953). A to pale-orange color form the upper 50 feet of this for- similar unit has been recognized in adjoining quad- mation. rangles, and either a Permian or Triassic age has been Rocks belonging to this formation are also present assigned to these beds. in a narrow north-trending belt between the intrusives Outcrops of the Bernal (?) Formation are not plen- of Jacks Peak and the Jicarilla monzonite, but are dif- tiful, mainly due to the nonresistant nature of the beds ficult to recognize among the extensive talus and cliff to the forces of weathering and erosion. The soil, de- debris that surrounds the peak. As a consequence of its rived from this unit, has a fine-grained, sandy texture, lithologic characteristics, the Yeso Formation does not and a bright-red color, which makes the San Andres- form spectacular outcrops, but is usually a slope former. Bernal (?) contact clearly distinguishable, even if bed- Investigations in the area show, that in the northern rock is not exposed. The red soil color is sufficiently Jicarilla Mountains, the Glorieta Sandstone forms a re- different from the darker hues of red and brown, which cognizable unit between the underlying Yeso Forma- characterize the soils of the Triassic Dockum Group tion and the overlying San Andres Formation. Further sediments. to the south, in the vicinity of Jicarilla and near Lone The lower 185 feet of the Bernal Formation is well 82 NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY • FIFTEENTH FIELD CONFERENCE exposed along the road, about 0.2 mile east of Ancho. At formation, show little resistance to erosion, and outcrops this locality, which will be visited by the Field Con- are almost wholly confined to arroyo bottoms. Total ference, the formation consists mainly of yellow-brown thickness of the Mancos Shale can only be computed, to orange-red siltstones and fine-grained sandstones, and it is estimated that about 410 feet of this formation with thin beds of limestone. is present. Total thickness of the Bernal is somewhat variable Still higher in the stratigraphic section, conspicu- throughout the area, but usually is between 270 and 320 ous brown sandstone beds begin to occur, and the mixed feet. sequence of sandstone and shales has been correlated with the Mesaverde Group. The base of this formation Triassic Rocks has been chosen at the first prominent sandstone ledge, Sediments of Upper Triassic age are represented which occurs about 410 feet above the Dakota-Mancos by the Santa Rosa Sandstone and the Chinle Formation, contact. The shales of the Mesaverde Group are bluish- which together make up the Dockum Group. The con- gray, calcareous shales with septarian concretions; the tact between these two units is gradational, and their sandstones are medium-grained, and buff to brown in color. Several sandstones of the Mesaverde Group are total thickness, about 560 feet, is generally about equally divided between the two formations. fossiliferous and contain gastropods, pelecypods, and The boundary between the Bernal (?) Formation occasionally ammonites. At least 415 feet of Mesaverde and the Santa Rosa Sandstone is apparently a surface of Group sediments are present, mostly in the southern part unconformity, but lack of continuous outcrops obscures of the area. the true relationship. The Santa Rosa Sandstone con- Tertiary Rocks sists of reddish-brown, medium-grained, friable sand- Although the period following the deposition of the stones with interbedded mudstones. Coarser grained Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group was dominantly layers, where cross-bedding can frequently be observed, one of tectonism, igneous activity and erosion, remnants are seen to grade into thin lenses of conglomerate, with of Tertiary sediments are found in a few places.
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