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Adriana Arguedas Mortenson

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Adriana Arguedas Mortenson THESIS COMPARACIÓN RAZONADA DE 4 EDICIONES DEL DIARIO DEL CHE EN BOLIVIA Submitted by Adriana Arguedas Mortenson Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Spring 2015 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Antonio. F Pedrós-Gascón Co-Advisor: Andrea Purdy Mary VanBuren Copyright by Adriana Arguedas Mortenson 2015 All Rights Reserved RESUMEN COMPARACIÓN RAZONADA DE 4 EDICIONES DEL DIARIO DEL CHE EN BOLIVIA El 1 de julio de 1968, se publicó en La Habana Cuba el Diario del Che en Bolivia; a partir de la fecha se ha dado una sucesión de ediciones que continúan hasta el día de hoy, tanto en español como en otros idiomas. Dicho manuscrito ha cautivado la historia latinoamericana, y ha inspirado a muchos a escribir acerca de los sucesos histórico-políticos que aparecen en el documento. Muchos autores se han mostrado a favor del Che o en contra de su causa guerrillera en Bolivia. De la misma manera, se han publicado análisis teóricos de todo tipo acerca del manuscrito y se han dado diferentes argumentos del porqué el Diario del Che en Bolivia representa su victoria o derrota. Sin embargo, una vez comprobada su autenticidad, no se volvió a cuestionar el contenido del texto en sí, ni se pensó que existiesen cambios entre la edición cubana y las subsecuentes publicaciones en el resto del mundo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comparar y contrastar cuatro ediciones publicadas en diferentes años y lugares, para así indicar las variantes existentes, y comprobar si se hicieron algún tipo de cambios, (ya sea ortográficos o de formato). A causa de las variantes encontradas, se ha divido el trabajo en tres categorías importantes: 1) de estilo gramatical (signos de puntuación, ortografía y concordancia); 2) variantes que afectan el contenido (omisiones y adiciones); y 3) aclaraciones a pie de página (similitudes, diferencias y falta de datos). Esta investigación busca justificar la necesidad de producir una nueva edición del Diario del Che en Bolivia, que sea copia fidedigna del manuscrito original y que contenga aclaraciones actualizadas de datos importantes que se incluirían como notas al pie del texto. Como metodología, se acudieron a las siguientes ii ediciones: 1) del Instituto del libro cubano (ICL); 2) la Revista Punto Final (PF), de Chile; 3) la editorial de Siglo XXI (XXI), de la Ciudad de México; y 4) la compilación de Carlos Soria Galvarro (SG), de Bolivia. Como base de comparación se utilizó la más cercana al manuscrito original en su mayoría la edición de ICL. En lo posible se intentó usar como base, las fotocopias originales del Diario incluidas en las ediciones de ICL y SG (28 días en total). Y para las 13 fechas faltantes, se utilizó la publicación del 12 de julio de 1968 del periódico El Diario en La Paz, Bolivia. Para llevar una cuenta exacta de las variantes, se crearon tablas para cada categoría en las que se hicieron anotaciones de cada día de guerrilla, marcándose las diferencias en negrilla para así poder diferenciarlas. iii ABSTRACT A COMPREHENSIVE COMPARISON OF 4 EDITIONS OF THE BOLIVIAN DIARIES OF CHE GUEVARA The Bolivian diaries of Che Guevara was first published in Havana, Cuba on July 1st 1968, and up to this day there has been several editions in Spanish as well as other languages. As a result of its distribution, Latin America was captivated by its content and it inspired many authors to write about the historical and political events that surrounded it. Some have written in favor of Che while others wrote against his Bolivian guerrilla. Likewise, one can find many theoretical analyses of the manuscript, as well as different arguments as to why the document represents the fall and/or victory of Che Guevara. Nevertheless, its literal content was never questioned once the authenticity of the text was proven, and everybody assumed that no modifications had been introduced between the first Cuban edition and the subsequent publications. The main objective of the present study is to contrast and compare four different editions of the Diary, published in different years and locations, in order to evaluate the differences between them, and to asses whether the editorials stayed true to the Cuban publication, as they have claimed, or if they made any changes (from spelling to formatting). Based on the findings, three main categories were created to indicate their nature: 1) grammatical (punctuation, spelling and agreement); 2) differences that affect the content (omissions and additions); and, 3) footnotes (similarities, differences and missing data). This thesis backs up the necessity to produce a new publication of the Bolivian Diaries of Che Guevara that should be a iv trustworthy edition of the manuscript, and should contain updated footnotes with explanatory information. The methodology used for this study, comes from the following four editions: 1) Instituto del libro cubano (ICL); 2) the Chilean magazine Punto Final (PF); 3) editorial Siglo XXI (XXI) from Mexico City; and 4) the compilation from the Bolivian Carlos Soria Galvarro (SG). The closest source to the original manuscript was used as the base for the comparison, mainly the Cuban edition ICL, however, whenever possible, photocopies of the original manuscript included in ICL and SG were used. The publication by the newspaper El Diario from La Paz, Bolivia, on July 12th, 1968 was used for the 13 missing pages or dates. In order to keep track of the variances, a table was created for each category and for each day during the 11 months of guerrilla, where the changes where marked in bold letters to help the differentiation. v ĺNDICE DE CAPĺTULOS RESUMEN………………………………………………………………………………………...i ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………....ii 1. INTRODUCCIÓN……………………………………………………………………………...1 1.1 El Diario de campaña en Bolivia del Che en manos de Fidel Castro………...………2 1.2 Cómo llegó a Cuba El Diario del Che en Bolivia……………………………………..7 2. VARIANTES Y SIMILITUDES DE LAS 4 EDICIONES DIFERENTES…………………..11 2.1 Diferencias: Signos de puntuación, concordancia y ortografía……………………...16 3. CÓMO SE LLEGÓ A CORROMPER EL DIARIO DEL CHE EN BOLIVIA………………28 4. ACLARACIONES DE LAS NOTAS DE PIÉ DE PÁGINA…………………………………44 5. CONCLUSIÓN..………………………………………………………………………………77 BIBLIOGRAFÍA..…………………………………………………………………………….....82 APÉNDICES…………………………………………………………………………………….85 vi ÍNDICE DE IMÁGENES Imagen 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Imagen 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 28 Imagen 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 30 Imagen 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 32 Imagen 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 40 Imagen 6 (PF) ............................................................................................................................... 41 Imagen 7 ........................................................................................................................................ 42 Imagen 8 ........................................................................................................................................ 43 vii ÍNDICE DE APÉNDICES 1. Signos de puntuación………………………………………………………………………….85 2. Concordancia.………………………………………………………………………………..110 3. Ortografía…………………………………………………………………………………….111 4. Omisiones.……………………………………………………………………………….…..113 5. Añadiduras…………………………………………………………………………………...116 6. Variantes que afectan el contenido…………………………………………………………..117 7. Aclaraciones que aparecen como nota a pie de página………………………………………119 8. Fotocopias del manuscrito original incluidas en las ediciones de ICL y SG………………...146 vii 1. Introducción: La presencia del Che en Bolivia, su Diario de campaña y la historia que encierra su publicación y revelación de datos de los hechos acontecidos en Ñancahuazú, han sido aprovechados por historiadores, periodistas y otros. Se han escrito varios ensayos y biografías sobre Ernesto Che Guevara y un centenar de libros que comentan y emiten varios puntos de vista acerca del comportamiento y desarrollo de la guerrilla boliviana, hasta la final captura del Che. La tendencia de los mismos es dar a conocer los secretos no revelados sobre la guerrilla, ya sean desde el punto de vista guerrillero o desde el lado opositor. Al haberse convertido en un ícono dentro del desarrollo de la historia Latinoamericana, los intelectuales y políticos quieren apoderarse de la imagen del Che con un fin determinado. El propósito de este trabajo es alejarse de toda tendencia a favor o en contra del Diario; se desea aquí presentar un enfoque más objetivo y neutro. No se hará por tanto un análisis histórico, social y político, ni se intentará presentar una versión de él con datos reveladores acerca del autor, y su repercusiones socio políticas. Se acudirá más bien al análisis de la fuente principal, es decir al Diario de Campaña escrito por Ernesto Guevara de la Serna en Bolivia, con el fin de identificar las diferencias existentes entre cuatro publicaciones, ya sean éstas gramaticales, omisiones u adiciones de contenido.
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