ANDREW YOUNG Executive Director, SCLC Interviewed by Taylor Branch April 13, 2017 Total Running Time: 2 Hours 32 Minutes
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Marching Through '64
MARCHING THROUGH '64 David J. Garrow Wilson Quarterly Spring 1998, Volume 22, pp. 98-101. Section: Current Books PILLAR OF FIRE: America in the King Years, 1963-65. By Taylor Branch. Simon & Schuster. 746 pp. $30 Pillar of Fire is the second volume of Taylor Branch's projected threevolume history of the American black freedom struggle during the 1950s and 1960s. Ten years ago, Branch published his first volume, Parting the Waters, a richly detailed account of the civil rights movement that covered the years 1954-63 in 922 pages of text. Ending with the aftermath of John F. Kennedy's November 22 assassination, Parting the Waters was intended to be the first of two volumes that would carry the story forward until Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination on April 4, 1968. But Branch changed plans, expanding his history from two volumes to three. Pillar of Fire covers the movement's history from December 1963 until February 1965 in 613 pages of text. Or, to be more precise, about 419 pages of text, for the first 194 pages are devoted to recapitulating much of the 1962-63 history that the author comprehensively treated in Parting the Waters. Should Pillar of Fire be evaluated by itself, or should it be assessed in tandem with Parting the Waters? As King often said, most "either-or" questions-this one included-are best answered with "bothand" responses. Comparing Pillar with Parting raises two questions: why devote almost one-third of Pillar to a reprise of Parting, and why allocate 400-plus pages to essentially just 1964, when all of 1954 through 1963 merited "only" 900? In the author's defense, his readers- whether or not they read Parting the Waters a decade ago-deserve some recapitulation, and 1963 and 1964 almost inarguably were the crucial years of the civil rights movement. -
Brief for the Honorable Congressman John Lewis As Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents and Intervenor-Respondents
No. 12-96 In the Supreme Court of the United States SHELBY COUNTY, ALABAMA, Petitioner, v. ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., ATTORNEY GENERAL, ET AL., Respondents. ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT BRIEF FOR THE HONORABLE CONGRESSMAN JOHN LEWIS AS AMICUS CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENTS AND INTERVENOR-RESPONDENTS Aderson B. Francois Deborah N. Archer HOWARD UNIVERSITY Counsel of Record SCHOOL OF LAW Tamara C. Belinfanti Civil Rights Clinic Erika L. Wood 2900 Van Ness Street NW NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL Washington, D.C. 20008 RACIAL JUSTICE PROJECT (202) 806-8065 185 West Broadway New York, NY 10013 (212) 431-2138 [email protected] i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................. i TABLE OF CITED AUTHORITIES ......................... iv INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE ........................... 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .................................... 2 ARGUMENT .............................................................. 5 I. The History of Voting Rights In America Has Been One of Recurring Retrenchment and Reconstruction Rather than Uninterrupted and Continuous Progress. ................................... 5 A. Young Men and Women Risked and Sometimes Gave Their Lives During The Civil Rights Movement to Secure the Right to Vote for All Americans. ........................ 5 B. A Century Before the Congressman Was Nearly Murdered for Trying to Exercise The Right to Vote, His Great- Great-Grandfather Freely Voted During Reconstruction. ........................ 8 C. Congressman Lewis’ Public Service Career Has Been Devoted to the Proposition that Democracy Is Not a State but an Act that ii Requires Continued Vigilance to Ensure a Fair and Free Democracy. .......................................... 13 II. Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act Remains Crucial to Protect the Rights of All Americans to Participate in Our Electoral System Free from Racial Discrimination. -
Lessons from the Life and Works of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr
CIVIL RIGHTS, IMMIGRANTS' RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS: LESSONS FROM THE LIFE AND WORKS OF DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. JENNIFER M. CHACON* Unlike several of the scholars participating in this symposium, I have no personal memory of Martin Luther King, Jr. I was born several years after the assassination of Dr. King. My "memories" of Dr. King are the product of books1 and television.' I have seen documentary footage of the March on Washington and have therefore heard, in scratchy recording, Dr. King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech.3 These derivative memories are powerful, but I suspect they do not compare with the living memories carried by other symposium authors. While I have no independent memories of the marches in Birmingham and Washington, D.C. that were led by Dr. King, I do have a clear image in my mind of the marches of May 1, 2006-a date when hundreds of thousands of immigrants and their allies took to the street.4 The marchers, who sought the normalization of legal status for millions of unauthorized migrants living and working in the United States,5 organized in opposition to * Professor of Law, U.C. Davis School of Law. The author would like to thank Dean Rex Perschbacher and Dean Kevin Johnson for their support of her research. She would also like to thank Sarah Martinez and Carolyn Hsu for excellent research assistance. 1. See, e.g., TAYLOR BRANCH, AT CANAAN'S EDGE: AMERICA IN THE KING YEARS, 1965-1968 (2006) [hereinafter BRANCH, AT CANAAN'S EDGE]; MARSHALL FRADY, MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. -
Viewer's Guide
SELMA T H E BRIDGE T O T H E BALLOT TEACHING TOLERANCE A PROJECT OF THE SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER VIEWER’S GUIDE GRADES 6-12 Selma: The Bridge to the Ballot is the story of a courageous group of Alabama students and teachers who, along with other activists, fought a nonviolent battle to win voting rights for African Americans in the South. Standing in their way: a century of Jim Crow, a resistant and segregationist state, and a federal govern- ment slow to fully embrace equality. By organizing and marching bravely in the face of intimidation, violence, arrest and even murder, these change-makers achieved one of the most significant victories of the civil rights era. The 40-minute film is recommended for students in grades 6 to 12. The Viewer’s Guide supports classroom viewing of Selma with background information, discussion questions and lessons. In Do Something!, a culminating activity, students are encouraged to get involved locally to promote voting and voter registration. For more information and updates, visit tolerance.org/selma-bridge-to-ballot. Send feedback and ideas to [email protected]. Contents How to Use This Guide 4 Part One About the Film and the Selma-to-Montgomery March 6 Part Two Preparing to Teach with Selma: The Bridge to the Ballot 16 Part Three Before Viewing 18 Part Four During Viewing 22 Part Five After Viewing 32 Part Six Do Something! 37 Part Seven Additional Resources 41 Part Eight Answer Keys 45 Acknowledgements 57 teaching tolerance tolerance.org How to Use This Guide Selma: The Bridge to the Ballot is a versatile film that can be used in a variety of courses to spark conversations about civil rights, activism, the proper use of government power and the role of the citizen. -
UBIQUS Document
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND CULTURE Civil Rights History Project Smithsonian Institute's National Museum of African American History & Culture and the Library of Congress, 2011 Reverend C.T. Vivian oral history interview conducted by Taylor Branch in Atlanta, Georgia, March 29, 2011 Irvine, CA Ubiqus Reporting, Inc. New York, NY (949) 477 4972 (212) 227 7440 www.ubiqus.com NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY & CULTURE 2 Civil Rights History Project Line# Timecode Quote 1 [START AFC2010039_CRHP0006_MV1.WMV] 2 [crosstalk] 3 01:00:00 REVEREND C.T. VIVIAN: --When you're 4 talking. 5 INTERVIEWER: Oh, yes. 6 REVEREND VIVIAN: Excuse me. 7 INTERVIEWER: Oh, yes. 8 REVEREND VIVIAN: But there were 9 three of them. But by the way, did 10 you know this story is-- 11 [break in audio] 12 INTERVIEWER: They're in Nashville? 13 01:00:09 REVEREND VIVIAN: Mm-hmm. 14 INTERVIEWER: No. Why? 15 REVEREND VIVIAN: And there's about 16 15 of them--there used to be about 15 17 of them, 12 to 15. 18 INTERVIEWER: Uh-huh. 19 REVEREND VIVIAN: Is because they 20 were looking for the center of 21 population in the United States. 22 INTERVIEWER: Uh-huh. 23 01:00:21 REVEREND VIVIAN: Right, and it was a 24 part of the great Sunday school 25 movement in the country, right? NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY & CULTURE 3 Civil Rights History Project Line# Timecode Quote 26 INTERVIEWER: Uh-huh. 27 REVEREND VIVIAN: And that was the 28 01:00:33 closest one where they could get real 29 railroad and get the materials out to 30 every place in the country. -
Atlanta's Civil Rights Movement, Middle-Class
“To Secure Improvements in Their Material and Social Conditions”: Atlanta’s Civil Rights Movement, Middle-Class Reformers, and Workplace Protests, 1960-1977 by William Seth LaShier B.A. in History, May 2009, St. Mary’s College of Maryland A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 10, 2020 Dissertation directed by Eric Arnesen James R. Hoffa Teamsters Professor of Modern American Labor History The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that William Seth LaShier has passed the Final Examinations for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of November 20, 2019. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. “To Secure Improvements in Their Material and Social Conditions”: Atlanta’s Civil Rights Movement, Middle-Class Reformers, and Workplace Protests, 1960-1977 William Seth LaShier Dissertation Research Committee Eric Arnesen, James R. Hoffa Teamsters Professor of Modern American Labor History, Dissertation Director Erin Chapman, Associate Professor of History and of Women’s Studies, Committee Member Gordon Mantler, Associate Professor of Writing and of History, Committee Member ii Acknowledgements I could not have completed this dissertation without the generous support of teachers, colleagues, archivists, friends, and most importantly family. I want to thank The George Washington University for funding that supported my studies, research, and writing. I gratefully benefited from external research funding from the Southern Labor Archives at Georgia State University and the Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Books Library (MARBL) at Emory University. -
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: DIFFERENCE AMONGST YOUR OWN: THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF LOW-INCOME AFRICAN- AMERICAN STUDENTS AND THEIR ENCOUNTERS WITH CLASS WITHIN ELITE HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE (HBCU) ENVIRONMENTS Steve Derrick Mobley, Jr. Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation directed by: Professor Noah D. Drezner, Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education Professor Francine H. Hultgren, Department of Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership The subtle and deeply impactful nuances of Black intra-racial social class differences that manifest amongst students who attend historically Black colleges (HBCU) has remained untouched and understudied in higher-education scholarship. In this phenomenological study, I explore how low-income African-American students encounter social class within elite HBCU environments. The men and women in this study graduated between the years of 2001 and 2010. Contemporary HBCU student experiences are underscored and reveal great tension between self, community, and place. The philosophical works of Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer and Edward Casey are joined with the voices of Black scholars including W.E.B. DuBois, Audre Lorde, Frantz Fanon, bell hooks, and Toni Morrison to provide critical context for the phenomenon being studied. Max van Manen’s key phenomenological insights also provide a methodological foundation for the study. My co-researchers encountered significant shifts and evolved within their oppressed identities during their undergraduate years. During their undergraduate years they felt a difference amongst their own that they still reconcile today. The participants within this study endured feelings of alienation, wonder, and even confusion within their distinct higher education environments. This study concludes with phenomenological insights for myriad educational stakeholders that include higher educational researchers, higher education practitioners, families, and students. -
Waveland, Mississippi, November 1964: Death of Sncc, Birth of Radicalism
WAVELAND, MISSISSIPPI, NOVEMBER 1964: DEATH OF SNCC, BIRTH OF RADICALISM University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire: History Department History 489: Research Seminar Professor Robert Gough Professor Selika Ducksworth – Lawton, Cooperating Professor Matthew Pronley University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire May 2008 Abstract: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced Snick) was a nonviolent direct action organization that participated in the civil rights movement in the 1960s. After the Freedom Summer, where hundreds of northern volunteers came to participate in voter registration drives among rural blacks, SNCC underwent internal upheaval. The upheaval was centered on the future direction of SNCC. Several staff meetings occurred in the fall of 1964, none more important than the staff retreat in Waveland, Mississippi, in November. Thirty-seven position papers were written before the retreat in order to reflect upon the question of future direction of the organization; however, along with answers about the future direction, these papers also outlined and foreshadowed future trends in radical thought. Most specifically, these trends include race relations within SNCC, which resulted in the emergence of black self-consciousness and an exodus of hundreds of white activists from SNCC. ii Table of Contents: Abstract ii Historiography 1 Introduction to Civil Rights and SNCC 5 Waveland Retreat 16 Position Papers – Racial Tensions 18 Time after Waveland – SNCC’s New Identity 26 Conclusion 29 Bibliography 32 iii Historiography Research can both answer questions and create them. Initially I discovered SNCC though Taylor Branch’s epic volumes on the Civil Right Movements in the 1960s. Further reading revealed the role of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced Snick) in the Civil Right Movement and opened the doors into an effective and controversial organization. -
Play Guide for the Great Society
Written by Robert Schenkkan Directed by Ron Pel us o O cto ber 6 —2 8 , 2 0 1 8 P L AY G UI D E THE PLAY It is 1965 and President Lyndon Baines Johnson is at a critical point in his presidency. He is launching The Great Society, an ambitious set of social programs that would increase funds for health care, education and poverty. He also wants to pass the Voting Rights Act, an act that would secure voting rights for minority communities across the country. At each step, Johnson faces resistance. Conservatives like Senator Everett Dirksen are pushing for budget cuts on his social welfare programs. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, is losing patience at the lack of progress on voting rights. With rising discrimination against black communities in America, King takes matters into his own hands, organizing a civil rights protest in Selma, Alabama. Outside the U.S., the crisis in Vietnam is escalating. When the Viet Cong attacks a Marine support base, Johnson is faced with a difficult decision: should he deploy more American troops to fight overseas or should he focus on fighting the war on poverty within the U.S.? Time is ticking and the next presidential election is around the corner. In an America divided by civil rights protests and the anguish of Vietnam War, can Johnson pave the way for a great society? Page 2 MEET THE PLAYWIRGHT — ROBERT SCHENKKAN Robert Schenkkan was born in North Carolina and raised in Texas. He studied theater and discovered his passion for creating original worlds through playwrighting. -
Copyright © 2019 Anthony Tyshawn Gardner All Rights Reserved. the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Has Permission to Repro
Copyright © 2019 Anthony Tyshawn Gardner All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. AN ANALYSIS OF PROPHETIC RADICALISM IN THE SOCIAL CRISIS PREACHING OF KELLY MILLER SMITH, SR. __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Anthony Tyshawn Gardner December 2019 APPROVAL SHEET AN ANALYSIS OF PROPHETIC RADICALISM IN THE SOCIAL CRISIS PREACHING OF KELLY MILLER SMITH, SR. Anthony Tyshawn Gardner Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Hershael W. York (Chair) __________________________________________ Robert A. Vogel __________________________________________ Michael E. Pohlman Date ______________________________ To and with, Shonetay: For your unselfish sacrifices, unfailing support, and comforting companionship this whole journey. “Many women do noble things, but you surpass them all” (Prov 31:29). To all of our children and grandchildren, Corey, Coretta, Tristan, Titus, and Tyson; Ayla, Carter, Brenna: You all are my inspiration. “With God all things are possible” (Matt 19:26). To my mama and daddy, Ednar and Edward Gardner: for your steadfast devotion. “I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength” (Phil 4:13). Thank you. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE . vi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Thesis . 9 Definitions of Terms . 12 James Earl Massey’s Sermonic Component of Radicality . 22 Background and Significance of the Field of Study . 24 Distinguishing Elements for Social Crisis Preaching . 29 Methodology . 33 2. THE CULTURAL CONTEXT AND THE ECCLESIAL PRAXIS OF KELLY MILLER SMITH AND JAMES EARL MASSEY . -
Martin Luther King Jr. Day Monday, January 21, 2019
Martin Luther King Jr. Day Monday, January 21, 2019 Find-a-Fact Bulletin Board Scavenger Hunt All day, January 21st – Across Campus This year for MLK Day and as a kick off to Black History Month, departments across campus are working to highlight the contributions of people of color through all aspects of our collective history. With this scavenger hunt activity, bulletin board displays will be available to view on MLK Day, and those interested in participating in the scavenger hunt will have the opportunity to view the displays, vote on their favorites, and turn in completed participation forms that day. Completed forms will be entered into a drawing for a prize to be awarded at the MLK Dinner. “How are you Moving the Dream Forward?” 10:30 AM-11:30 AM, Simon Center Lobby Stop by the Simon Center Lobby and share how you are moving the dream forward in honor of Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Grab a cup of coffee and a donut as well! Your dreams will be displayed in the Simon Center Great Room for the kick off dinner that evening. NEC Gives Back 11:30 AM-1:00 PM, Simon Center Pub Join us to put together kits for the Concord Coalition to End Homelessness and make fleece tie blankets for Project Linus, two amazing o rganizations in New Hampshire. Plus, we’re also collecting donations for the NH SPCA! Drop your donations off at the Simon Center or the Charter Coffeehouse to see if we can collect 50 pounds in donations in ONE day for this organization! Film & Popcorn Noon, Mainstage Theatre Showing the film Selma- Based on the 1965 Selma to Montgomery voting rights marches led by James Bevel, Hosea Williams, Martin Luther King Jr., and John Lewis, this 2014 historical drama film had four Golden Globe nominations. -
Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970 Part 1: Records of the President’s Office Editorial Adviser Cynthia P. Lewis Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide compiled by Blair Hydrick A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970 [microform] / project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. microfilm reels. — (Black studies research sources) Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Blair D. Hydrick, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970. Contents: pt. 1. Records of the President’s Office—pt. 2. Records of the Executive Director and Treasurer—[etc.]—pt. 4. Records of the Program Department. ISBN 1-55655-555-5 (pt. 1 : microfilm) 1. Southern Christian Leadership Conference—Archives. 2. Afro- Americans—Civil rights—Southern States—History—Sources. 3. Civil rights movements—United States—History—20th century— Sources. 4. Southern States—Race relations—History—Sources. I. Boehm, Randolph. II. Hydrick, Blair. III. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. IV. University Publications of America (Firm) V. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954–1970. VI. Series. [E185.61] 323.1’196073075—dc20 95-24346 CIP Copyright © 1996 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-555-5.