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Nutrient Availability Limits Biological Production in Arctic Sea Ice Melt Ponds
Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-017-2082-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds Heidi Louise Sørensen1,2 · Bo Thamdrup1 · Erik Jeppesen2,3,4,7 · Søren Rysgaard2,5,6,7 · Ronnie Nøhr Glud1,2,7,8 Received: 26 February 2016 / Revised: 26 August 2016 / Accepted: 10 January 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Every spring and summer melt ponds form at addition compared with their respective controls, with the the surface of polar sea ice and become habitats where bio- largest increase occurring in the enclosures. Separate addi- 3− − logical production may take place. Previous studies report tions of PO4 and NO3 in the enclosures led to interme- a large variability in the productivity, but the causes are diate increases in productivity, suggesting co-limitation of unknown. We investigated if nutrients limit the productiv- nutrients. Bacterial production and the biovolume of cili- ity in these first-year ice melt ponds by adding nutrients to ates, which were the dominant grazers, were positively cor- 3− − 3− three enclosures ([1] PO4 , [2] NO3 , and [3] PO4 and related with primary production, showing a tight coupling − 3− − NO3 ) and one natural melt pond (PO4 and NO3 ), while between primary production and both microbial activity one enclosure and one natural melt pond acted as controls. and ciliate grazing. To our knowledge, this study is the After 7–13 days, Chl a concentrations and cumulative pri- first to ascertain nutrient limitation in melt ponds. We also mary production were between two- and tenfold higher document that the addition of nutrients, although at rela- in the enclosures and natural melt ponds with nutrient tive high concentrations, can stimulate biological produc- tivity at several trophic levels. -
Spatial Ecology and Fisheries Interactions of Rajidae in the Uk
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ocean and Earth Sciences SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES INTERACTIONS OF RAJIDAE IN THE UK Samantha Jane Simpson Thesis for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY APRIL 2018 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON 1 2 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ocean and Earth Sciences Doctor of Philosophy FINE-SCALE SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES INTERACTIONS OF RAJIDAE IN UK WATERS by Samantha Jane Simpson The spatial occurrence of a species is a fundamental part of its ecology, playing a role in shaping the evolution of its life history, driving population level processes and species interactions. Within this spatial occurrence, species may show a tendency to occupy areas with particular abiotic or biotic factors, known as a habitat association. In addition some species have the capacity to select preferred habitat at a particular time and, when species are sympatric, resource partitioning can allow their coexistence and reduce competition among them. The Rajidae (skate) are cryptic benthic mesopredators, which bury in the sediment for extended periods of time with some species inhabiting turbid coastal waters in higher latitudes. Consequently, identifying skate fine-scale spatial ecology is challenging and has lacked detailed study, despite them being commercially important species in the UK, as well as being at risk of population decline due to overfishing. This research aimed to examine the fine-scale spatial occurrence, habitat selection and resource partitioning among the four skates across a coastal area off Plymouth, UK, in the western English Channel. In addition, I investigated the interaction of Rajidae with commercial fisheries to determine if interactions between species were different and whether existing management measures are effective. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Chapter 2. Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Inventory By Lyman K. Thorsteinson .............................................................................................................. 23 Chapter 3 Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Species By Milton S. Love, Mancy Elder, Catherine W. Mecklenburg Lyman K. Thorsteinson, and T. Anthony Mecklenburg .................................................................. 41 Pacific and Arctic Lamprey ............................................................................................................. 49 Pacific Lamprey………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………49 Arctic Lamprey…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………….55 Spotted Spiny Dogfish to Bering Cisco ……………………………………..…………………….…………………………60 Spotted Spiney Dogfish………………………………………………………………………………………………..60 Arctic Skate………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………….66 Pacific Herring……………………………….……………………………………………………………………………..70 Pond Smelt……………………………………….………………………………………………………………………….78 Pacific Capelin…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………..83 Arctic Smelt………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….91 Chapter 2. Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Inventory By Lyman K. Thorsteinson1 Abstract Introduction Several other marine fishery investigations, including A large number of Arctic fisheries studies were efforts for Arctic data recovery and regional analyses of range started following the publication of the Fishes of Alaska extensions, were ongoing concurrent to this study. These (Mecklenburg and others, 2002). Although the results of included -
Baffin Island: Field Research and High Arctic Adventure, 1961-1967
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2016-02 Baffin Island: Field Research and High Arctic Adventure, 1961-1967 Ives, Jack D. University of Calgary Press Ives, J.D. "Baffin Island: Field Research and High Arctic Adventure, 1961-1967." Canadian history and environment series; no. 18. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51093 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca BAFFIN ISLAND: Field Research and High Arctic Adventure, 1961–1967 by Jack D. Ives ISBN 978-1-55238-830-3 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. -
EXPERIENCES 2021 Table of Contents
NUNAVUT EXPERIENCES 2021 Table of Contents Arts & Culture Alianait Arts Festival Qaggiavuut! Toonik Tyme Festival Uasau Soap Nunavut Development Corporation Nunatta Sunakkutaangit Museum Malikkaat Carvings Nunavut Aqsarniit Hotel And Conference Centre Adventure Arctic Bay Adventures Adventure Canada Arctic Kingdom Bathurst Inlet Lodge Black Feather Eagle-Eye Tours The Great Canadian Travel Group Igloo Tourism & Outfitting Hakongak Outfitting Inukpak Outfitting North Winds Expeditions Parks Canada Arctic Wilderness Guiding and Outfitting Tikippugut Kool Runnings Quark Expeditions Nunavut Brewing Company Kivalliq Wildlife Adventures Inc. Illu B&B Eyos Expeditions Baffin Safari About Nunavut Airlines Canadian North Calm Air Travel Agents Far Horizons Anderson Vacations Top of the World Travel p uit O erat In ed Iᓇᓄᕗᑦ *denotes an n u q u ju Inuit operated nn tau ut Aula company About Nunavut Nunavut “Our Land” 2021 marks the 22nd anniversary of Nunavut becoming Canada’s newest territory. The word “Nunavut” means “Our Land” in Inuktut, the language of the Inuit, who represent 85 per cent of Nunavut’s resident’s. The creation of Nunavut as Canada’s third territory had its origins in a desire by Inuit got more say in their future. The first formal presentation of the idea – The Nunavut Proposal – was made to Ottawa in 1976. More than two decades later, in February 1999, Nunavut’s first 19 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) were elected to a five year term. Shortly after, those MLAs chose one of their own, lawyer Paul Okalik, to be the first Premier. The resulting government is a public one; all may vote - Inuit and non-Inuit, but the outcomes reflect Inuit values. -
Thaw Pond Development and Initial Vegetation Succession in Experimental Plots at a Siberian Lowland Tundra Site
Plant Soil (2017) 420:147–162 DOI 10.1007/s11104-017-3369-8 REGULAR ARTICLE Thaw pond development and initial vegetation succession in experimental plots at a Siberian lowland tundra site Bingxi Li & Monique M. P. D. Heijmans & Daan Blok & Peng Wang & Sergey V. Karsanaev & Trofim C. Maximov & Jacobus van Huissteden & Frank Berendse Received: 15 March 2017 /Accepted: 3 August 2017 /Published online: 22 August 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Methods In the experiment, we measured changes in Background and aims Permafrost degradation has the soil thaw depth, plant species cover and soil subsidence potential to change the Arctic tundra landscape. We over nine years (2007–2015). observed rapid local thawing of ice-rich permafrost Results After abrupt initial thaw, soil subsidence in the resulting in thaw pond formation, which was triggered removal plots continued indicating further thawing of − by removal of the shrub cover in a field experiment. permafrost albeit at a much slower pace: 1 cm y 1 over − This study aimed to examine the rate of permafrost thaw 2012–2015 vs. 5 cm y 1 over 2007–2012. Grass cover and the initial vegetation succession after the permafrost strongly increased after the initial shrub removal, but collapse. later declined with ponding of water in the subsiding removal plots. Sedges established and expanded in the wetter removal plots. Thereby, the removal plots have Responsible Editor: Zucong Cai. become increasingly similar to nearby ‘natural’ thaw Electronic supplementary material The online version of this ponds. article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3369-8)contains Conclusions The nine years of field observations in a supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. -
Nutrient Availability Limits Biological Production in Arctic Sea Ice Melt Ponds
University of Southern Denmark Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds Sørensen, Heidi Louise; Thamdrup, Bo; Jeppesen, Erik; Rysgaard, Søren; Glud, Ronnie N. Published in: Polar Biology DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2082-7 Publication date: 2017 Document version: Final published version Document license: CC BY Citation for pulished version (APA): Sørensen, H. L., Thamdrup, B., Jeppesen, E., Rysgaard, S., & Glud, R. N. (2017). Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds. Polar Biology, 40(8), 1593-1606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2082-7 Go to publication entry in University of Southern Denmark's Research Portal Terms of use This work is brought to you by the University of Southern Denmark. Unless otherwise specified it has been shared according to the terms for self-archiving. If no other license is stated, these terms apply: • You may download this work for personal use only. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying this open access version If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details and we will investigate your claim. Please direct all enquiries to [email protected] Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 Polar Biol (2017) 40:1593–1606 DOI 10.1007/s00300-017-2082-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Nutrient availability limits biological production in Arctic sea ice melt ponds Heidi Louise Sørensen1,2 · Bo Thamdrup1 · Erik Jeppesen2,3,4,7 · Søren Rysgaard2,5,6,7 · Ronnie Nøhr Glud1,2,7,8 Received: 26 February 2016 / Revised: 26 August 2016 / Accepted: 10 January 2017 / Published online: 1 March 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. -
Cryosat-2 Delivers Monthly and Inter-Annual Surface Elevation Change for Arctic Ice Caps
The Cryosphere, 9, 1895–1913, 2015 www.the-cryosphere.net/9/1895/2015/ doi:10.5194/tc-9-1895-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. CryoSat-2 delivers monthly and inter-annual surface elevation change for Arctic ice caps L. Gray1, D. Burgess2, L. Copland1, M. N. Demuth2, T. Dunse3, K. Langley3, and T. V. Schuler3 1Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada 2Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada 3Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Correspondence to: L. Gray ([email protected]) Received: 29 April 2015 – Published in The Cryosphere Discuss.: 26 May 2015 Revised: 15 August 2015 – Accepted: 3 September 2015 – Published: 25 September 2015 Abstract. We show that the CryoSat-2 radar altimeter can 1 Introduction provide useful estimates of surface elevation change on a variety of Arctic ice caps, on both monthly and yearly Recent evidence suggests that mass losses from ice caps and timescales. Changing conditions, however, can lead to a glaciers will contribute significantly to sea level rise in the varying bias between the elevation estimated from the radar coming decades (Meier et al., 2007; Gardner et al., 2013; altimeter and the physical surface due to changes in the ratio Vaughan et al., 2013). However, techniques to measure the of subsurface to surface backscatter. Under melting condi- changes of smaller ice caps are very limited: Satellite tech- tions the radar returns are predominantly from the surface so niques, such as repeat gravimetry from GRACE (Gravity Re- that if surface melt is extensive across the ice cap estimates covery and Climate Experiment), favour the large Greenland of summer elevation loss can be made with the frequent or Antarctic Ice Sheets, while ground and airborne exper- coverage provided by CryoSat-2. -
A Descriptiol\ of the PENNY ICE CAP. ITS Accuml: LATION and ABLATION
342 JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY STUDIES IN GLACIER PHYSICS ON THE PENNY ICE CAP, BAFFIN ISLAND, I953 INTRODUCTION Studies in glacier physics formed a major part of the work of the Baffin Island Expedition, 1953, the second expedition of the Arctic Institute of North America to Baffin. This work will be reported in a series of articles in this journal: the first (Part I) appears below; further parts will follow in due course. It was decided to visit the Penny Ice Cap of the Cumberland Peninsula as a sequel to our work on the Barnes Tee Cap in 1950, since it is the only other large area of glaciation in Baffin Island and because our knowledge of the glaciation of the eastern Canadian Arctic is still very limited. From a study of the aerial photographs taken by the Roya l Canadian Air Force in 1948 and the map, together with a consideration of the general resources of the expedition, it was planned to land a glacio-meteorological camp (Camp AI) by means of a Norseman aircraft on a high dome of the ice cap and another camp in the region of the firn line of onc of the more accessible glaciers (now called Highway Glacier) flowing into the head of the Pangnirtung Pass (see Figs. I and 3, pp. 343 and 347). Here there are two lakes, which were considered to be suitable for spring and autumn aircraft landings and for a base camp. From the two glacier camps it was planned to assess the particular regimen of the glaciation and to couple with this studies of some more general problems in glacier physics. -
Ice Velocity Changes on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Since the 1950S
Journal of Glaciology (2017), Page 1 of 15 doi: 10.1017/jog.2017.40 © The Author(s) 2017. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ice velocity changes on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, since the 1950s NICOLE SCHAFFER,1,2 LUKE COPLAND,1 CHRISTIAN ZDANOWICZ3 1Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada 2Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth St., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8, Canada 3Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden Correspondence: Nicole Schaffer <[email protected]> ABSTRACT. Predicting the velocity response of glaciers to increased surface melt is a major topic of ongoing research with significant implications for accurate sea-level rise forecasting. In this study we use optical and radar satellite imagery as well as comparisons with historical ground measurements to produce a multi-decadal record of ice velocity variations on Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island. Over the period 1985–2011, the six largest outlet glaciers on the ice cap decelerated by an average rate of − − 21 m a 1 over the 26 year period (0.81 m a 2), or 12% per decade. The change was not monotonic, however, as most glaciers accelerated until the 1990s, then decelerated. A comparison of recent imagery with historical velocity measurements on Highway Glacier, on the southern part of Penny Ice − Cap, shows that this glacier decelerated by 71% between 1953 and 2009–11, from 57 to 17 m a 1. -
Arctic Report Card 2017
Arctic Report Card 2017 Arctic Report Card 2017 Arctic shows no sign of returning to reliably frozen region of recent past decades 2017 Headlines 2017 Headlines Video Executive Summary Contacts Arctic shows no sign of returning to reliably frozen Vital Signs region of recent past decades Surface Air Temperature Despite relatively cool summer temperatures, Terrestrial Snow Cover observations in 2017 continue to indicate that the Greenland Ice Sheet Arctic environmental system has reached a 'new Sea Ice normal', characterized by long-term losses in the Sea Surface Temperature extent and thickness of the sea ice cover, the extent Arctic Ocean Primary Productivity and duration of the winter snow cover and the mass of ice in the Greenland Ice Sheet and Arctic glaciers, Tundra Greenness and warming sea surface and permafrost Other Indicators temperatures. Terrestrial Permafrost Groundfish Fisheries in the Highlights Eastern Bering Sea Wildland Fire in High Latitudes • The average surface air temperature for the year ending September 2017 is the 2nd warmest since 1900; however, cooler spring and summer temperatures contributed to a rebound in snow cover in the Eurasian Arctic, slower summer sea ice loss, Frostbites and below-average melt extent for the Greenland ice sheet. Paleoceanographic Perspectives • The sea ice cover continues to be relatively young and thin with older, thicker ice comprising only 21% of the ice cover in on Arctic Ocean Change 2017 compared to 45% in 1985. Collecting Environmental • In August 2017, sea surface temperatures in the Barents and Chukchi seas were up to 4° C warmer than average, Intelligence in the New Arctic contributing to a delay in the autumn freeze-up in these regions. -
Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Ecology Catalog
Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program (OCS Study, BOEM 2016-048) Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Ecology Catalog Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5038 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Photographs of various fish studied for this report. Background photograph shows Arctic icebergs and ice floes. Photograph from iStock™, dated March 23, 2011. Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Ecology Catalog By Lyman K. Thorsteinson and Milton S. Love, editors Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program (OCS Study, BOEM 2016-048) Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5038 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2016 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://store.usgs.gov. Disclaimer: This Scientific Investigations Report has been technically reviewed and approved for publication by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. The information is provided on the condition that neither the U.S. Geological Survey nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of this information. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S.