ISO 639-2 Language Code List
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EN 300 468 V1.3.1 (1997-09) European Standard (Telecommunications Series)
Draft EN 300 468 V1.3.1 (1997-09) European Standard (Telecommunications series) Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision EBU UER European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2 Draft EN 300 468 V1.3.1 (1997-09) Reference REN/JTC-00DVB-43 (4c000j0o.PDF) Keywords DVB, broadcasting, digital, video, MPEG, TV ETSI Secretariat Postal address F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 X.400 c= fr; a=atlas; p=etsi; s=secretariat Internet [email protected] http://www.etsi.fr Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. © European Broadcasting Union 1997. All rights reserved. 3 Draft EN 300 468 V1.3.1 (1997-09) Contents Intellectual Property Rights................................................................................................................................5 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................5 1 Scope........................................................................................................................................................6 -
Standardisation Action Plan for Clarin
Standardisation Action Plan for Clarin State: Proposal to CLARIN community Nuria Bel, Jonas Beskow, Lou Boves, Gerhard Budin, Nicoletta Calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Erhard Hinrichs, Steven Krauwer, Lothar Lemnitzer, Stelios Piperidis, Adam Przepiorkowski, Laurent Romary, Florian Schiel, Helmut Schmidt, Hans Uszkoreit, Peter Wittenburg August 2009 Summary This document describes a proposal for a Standardisation Action Plan (SAP) for the Clarin initiative in close synchronization with other relevant initiatives such as Flarenet, ELRA, ISO and TEI. While Flarenet is oriented towards a broader scope since it is also addressing standards that are typically used in industry, CLARIN wants to be more focussed in its statements to the research domain. Due to the overlap it is agreed that the Flarenet and CLARIN documents on standards need to be closely synchronized. This note covers standards that are generic (XML, UNICODE) as well as standards that are domain specific where naturally the LRT community has much more influence. This Standardization Action Plan wants to give an orientation for all practical work in CLARIN to achieve a harmonized domain of language resources and technology stepwise and therefore its core message is to overcome fragmentation. To meet these goals it wants to keep its message as simple as possible. A web-site will be established that will contain more information about examples, guidelines, explanations, tools, converters and training events such as summer schools. The organization of the document is as follows: • Chapter 1: Introduction to the topic. • Chapter 2: Recommended standards that CLARIN should endorse page 4 • Chapter 3: Standards that are emerging and relevant for CLARIN page 8 • Chapter 4: General guidelines that need to be followed page 12 • Chapter 5: Reference to community practices page 14 • Chapter 6: References This document tries to be short and will give comments, recommendations and discuss open issues for each of the standards. -
Standards for Language Coding: the ISO 639 Family
Standards for language coding: the ISO 639 family Rebecca Guenther Library of Congress Jan. 8, 2010 ISO Standards development !! ISO consists of Technical Committees (TC) with subcommittees (SC) !! ISO language coding standards are maintained by !! TC 37/SC2 (Terminology and other language and content resources ) !! TC 46/SC4 (Information and documentation) LSA Annual Meeting 2 ISO 639 standards !! ISO 639-1: 2-character codes (136 codes) !! ISO 639-2: 3-character codes (450+) !! ISO 639-3: 3-character codes (7700+) !! ISO 639-4: principles !! ISO 639-5: 3-character codes (114) !! ISO 639-6: 4-character codes (??) LSA Annual Meeting 3 ISO 639 Joint Advisory Committee !! Established to advise the RAs for ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2 !! Rotating chairs: Infoterm (for TC37) and Library of Congress (for TC46) !! Committee consists of 3 members of each TC, representatives of each registration authority and up to 6 observers !! Coordinates development of different parts of ISO 639 LSA Annual Meeting 4 ISO 639 language coding principles !! Language codes are not changed for stability of standard !! If a language code is retired it is not reassigned to something else !! Programming languages are not in scope !! Only deals with languages; codes from other ISO standards may be added as needed for more granularity, e.g. country codes, script codes LSA Annual Meeting 5 ISO 639-1 !! First published 1967 !! Covers major languages of the world !! Alpha-2 codes; only 676 possible combinations !! Developed for use in terminology applications !! Consists of -
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Arxiv:2011.02128V1 [Cs.CL] 4 Nov 2020
Cross-Lingual Machine Speech Chain for Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and Bataks Speech Recognition and Synthesis Sashi Novitasari1, Andros Tjandra1, Sakriani Sakti1;2, Satoshi Nakamura1;2 1Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan 2RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project AIP, Japan fsashi.novitasari.si3, tjandra.ai6, ssakti,[email protected] Abstract Even though over seven hundred ethnic languages are spoken in Indonesia, the available technology remains limited that could support communication within indigenous communities as well as with people outside the villages. As a result, indigenous communities still face isolation due to cultural barriers; languages continue to disappear. To accelerate communication, speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) technology is one approach that can overcome language barriers. However, S2ST systems require machine translation (MT), speech recognition (ASR), and synthesis (TTS) that rely heavily on supervised training and a broad set of language resources that can be difficult to collect from ethnic communities. Recently, a machine speech chain mechanism was proposed to enable ASR and TTS to assist each other in semi-supervised learning. The framework was initially implemented only for monolingual languages. In this study, we focus on developing speech recognition and synthesis for these Indonesian ethnic languages: Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and Bataks. We first separately train ASR and TTS of standard Indonesian in supervised training. We then develop ASR and TTS of ethnic languages by utilizing Indonesian ASR and TTS in a cross-lingual machine speech chain framework with only text or only speech data removing the need for paired speech-text data of those ethnic languages. Keywords: Indonesian ethnic languages, cross-lingual approach, machine speech chain, speech recognition and synthesis. -
Technical Study Desktop Internationalization
Technical Study Desktop Internationalization NIC CH A E L T S T U D Y [This page intentionally left blank] X/Open Technical Study Desktop Internationalisation X/Open Company Ltd. December 1995, X/Open Company Limited All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. X/Open Technical Study Desktop Internationalisation X/Open Document Number: E501 Published by X/Open Company Ltd., U.K. Any comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted to X/Open at: X/Open Company Limited Apex Plaza Forbury Road Reading Berkshire, RG1 1AX United Kingdom or by Electronic Mail to: [email protected] ii X/Open Technical Study (1995) Contents Chapter 1 Internationalisation.............................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Character Sets and Encodings.................................................................. 2 1.3 The C Programming Language................................................................ 5 1.4 Internationalisation Support in POSIX .................................................. 6 1.5 Internationalisation Support in the X/Open CAE............................... 7 1.5.1 XPG4 Facilities......................................................................................... -
Tags for Identifying Languages File:///C:/W3/International/Draft-Langtags/Draft-Phillips-Lan
Tags for Identifying Languages file:///C:/w3/International/draft-langtags/draft-phillips-lan... Network Working Group A. Phillips, Ed. TOC Internet-Draft webMethods, Inc. Expires: October 7, 2004 M. Davis IBM April 8, 2004 Tags for Identifying Languages draft-phillips-langtags-02 Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on October 7, 2004. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved. Abstract This document describes a language tag for use in cases where it is desired to indicate the language used in an information object, how to register values for use in this language tag, and a construct for matching such language tags, including user defined extensions for private interchange. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Language Tag 2.1 Syntax 2.2 Language Tag Sources 2.2.1 Pre-Existing RFC3066 Registrations 1 of 20 08/04/2004 11:03 Tags for Identifying Languages file:///C:/w3/International/draft-langtags/draft-phillips-lan.. -
The Structure of the Toba Batak Conversation Hilman
Singapore THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOBA BATAK CONVERSATIONS Hilman Pardede, Padang Sidempuan, May 25, 1960. He graduated from PressInternational English Program of North Sumatera THE STRUCTURE University in 1987. In the year of 1992 he took Magister Program in IKIP Malang, OF THE TOBA BATAK then he went to Doctoral Program in linguistics at North Sumatera University CONVERSATION in the year of 2007. In 2008, he attended a Sandwich Program in Aurbun THEBATAK CONVERSATION TOBA OF University, Alabama, USA. In 2010, he was a speaker in the International Seminar in Trang, Thailand. He presented a paper entitled “Adjecancy Pair in Toba STRUCTURE THE Batak”. HILMAN PARDEDE This book is about the structure of the Toba Batak Conversations. The structures are categorized as interaction and linguistics. The interaction structures are restricted to adjacency pairs and turn-taking, and the linguistic structure to phonological, grammatical and semantic completion point. There are some negative cases in the structure of Toba Batak conversations. These negative cases result from the Conversation HILMAN PARDEDE Analysis (CA) as a tool used to explain the interaction and linguistic structure in Toba Batak phenomena. ISBN: Singapore International Presss Singapore International Press 2012 THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOBA BATAK CONVERSATIONS Hilman Pardede Singapore International Press 2012 THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOBA BATAK CONVERSATIONS By Hilman Pardede, Ph.D A Lecturer in English Language Teaching for Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar – Medan, Indonesia @Hilman Pardede, Ph.D ISBN: First Edition 2012 Singapore Do not circulate this book or any part of it in any binding or form by means of any equipment without any legal permission from Hilman Pardede, Ph.D! Prodeo et Patricia 2 For Lissa Donna Manurung and Claudia Benedita Pardede 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deep gratitude to all those who lent their assistance and advice in the preparation and publication of this book. -
API Dict 1 API Dict
API Dict 1 API Dict Get the list of available dictionaries Endpoint https:/ / api. pons. com/ v1/ dictionaries Building the request • We are expecting GET-Requests. • All other parameters have to be appended to the Endpoint-URL as request parameters. Name Type Description language Request-Parameter The language of the output (ISO 639-1 - two-letter codes). Supported languages are de,el,en,es,fr,it,pl,pt,ru,sl,tr,zh. Example using wget: wget -O - --no-check-certificate "https:/ / api. pons. com/ v1/ dictionaries?language=es" Response • The response is sent in JSON format (see below). • If an unsupported language was supplied, the response for the default language (english) will be delivered. Response content A list of available dictionaries: • key is the internal name of our dictionary. For two-language dictionaries, it should consist of the two languages ordered alphabetically. • simple_label is built this way: "[translated language1] «» [translated language2]" • directed_label should be used if there is a direction involved (for example when displaying search results). The direction is implied in the key (i.e. plde means pl » de). This applies only to some languages (see example - you could not use simple_label here) • languages is a list containing the languages of the dictionary. Please note that some dictionaries may have only one language (at the time of writing: dede, dedx). Example: [ { "key": "depl", "simple_label": "niemiecki «» polski", "directed_label": { "depl": "niemiecki » polski", "plde": "polski » niemiecki" }, "languages": [ "de", "pl" ] API Dict 2 }, [...] ] Query dictionary Endpoint https:/ / api. pons. com/ v1/ dictionary Building the request • We are expecting GET-Requests. • The request has to contain the credential (secret) in an HTTP-Header. -
Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras Twentieth Edition Data
Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras Twentieth edition data Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig, Editors Based on information from the Ethnologue, 20th edition: Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2017. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twentieth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online: http://www.ethnologue.com. For personal use only Permission to distribute or reuse this work (in whole or in part) may be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center at http://www.copyright.com. SIL International, 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road, Dallas, Texas 75236-5699 USA Web: www.sil.org, Phone: +1 972 708 7404, Email: [email protected] Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras 2 Contents List of Abbreviations 3 How to Use This Digest 4 Country Overview 6 Language Status Profile 7 Statistical Summaries 8 Alphabetical Listing of Languages 11 Language Map 14 Languages by Population 15 Languages by Status 16 Languages by Department 18 Languages by Family 19 Language Code Index 20 Language Name Index 21 Bibliography 22 Copyright © 2017 by SIL International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, redistributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of SIL International, with the exception of brief excerpts in articles or reviews. Ethnologue: Languages of Honduras 3 List of Abbreviations A Agent in constituent word order alt. alternate name for alt. dial. alternate dialect name for C Consonant in canonical syllable patterns CDE Convention against Discrimination in Education (1960) Class Language classification CPPDCE Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) CSICH Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) dial. -
Datacite Metadata Kernel
DataCite ‐ International Data Citation DataCite Metadata Schema for the Publication and Citation of Research Data Version 2.1 March 2011 doi:10.5438/0003 Members of the Metadata Working Group Joan Starr, California Digital Library (head of working group) Jan Ashton, British Library Jan Brase, TIB / DataCite Paul Bracke, Purdue University Angela Gastl, ETH Zürich Jacqueline Gillet, Inist Alfred Heller, DTU Library Birthe Krog, DTU Library Lynne McAvoy, CISTI Karen Morgenroth, CISTI Elizabeth Newbold, British Library Madeleine de Smaele, TU Delft Anja Wilde, GESIS Scott Yeadon, ANDS Wolfgang Zenk‐Möltgen, GESIS Frauke Ziedorn, TIB (Metadata Supervisor) Table of Contents 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 The DataCite Consortium....................................................................................................... 3 1.2 The Metadata Schema ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3 A Note about DataCite DOI registration ................................................................................ 4 1.4 Final Thoughts........................................................................................................................4 1.5 Version 2.1 Update ................................................................................................................ 4 2 DataCite Metadata Properties ....................................................................................................... -
ISO 639-3 Change Request 2010-020
ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code Change Request Number: 2010-020 (completed by Registration authority) Date: 2010-3-12 Primary Person submitting request: Eric Johnson Affiliation: SIL International, East Asia Group E-mail address: eric_johnson at sil dot org Names, affiliations and email addresses of additional supporters of this request: Postal address for primary contact person for this request (in general, email correspondence will be used): P O Box 307, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50000 PLEASE NOTE: This completed form will become part of the public record of this change request and the history of the ISO 639-3 code set and will be posted on the ISO 639-3 website. Types of change requests This form is to be used in requesting changes (whether creation, modification, or deletion) to elements of the ISO 639 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages . The types of changes that are possible are to 1) modify the reference information for an existing code element, 2) propose a new macrolanguage or modify a macrolanguage group; 3) retire a code element from use, including merging its scope of denotation into that of another code element, 4) split an existing code element into two or more new language code elements, or 5) create a new code element for a previously unidentified language variety. Fill out section 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 below as appropriate, and the final section documenting the sources of your information. The process by which a change is received, reviewed and adopted is summarized on the final page of this form. -
Problematic Approach to English Learning and Teaching: a Case in Indonesia
English Language Teaching; Vol. 8, No. 3; 2015 ISSN 1916-4742 E-ISSN 1916-4750 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Problematic Approach to English Learning and Teaching: A Case in Indonesia Himpun Panggabean1 1 Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia Correspondence: Himpun Panggabean, Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 29, 2014 Accepted: November 30, 2014 Online Published: February 13, 2015 doi:10.5539/elt.v8n3p35 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n3p35 Abstract This article deals with problematic approach to English learning and teaching due to misleading conception on the nature of English and on the process of acquiring it as well as the clues to the issues. The clues are: Firstly, English is not more difficult than any other languages, including Indonesian language, Bahasa Indonesia (Note 1). Secondly, there are two approaches that need considering in English instruction, grammar free and strict grammar approaches. The former is highly recommended for early age instruction and beginners whereas the latter is recommended for instruction for specific purposes. However the two approaches should collaborate and their applications should be based on needs analysis. Thirdly, Conflicting conception on whether L1 and L2 are the same processes should not deter the strategy of how language is acquired naturally. When proper conception on the nature of English is attained and it is approached properly, English subject is not burdensome and needs not be eliminated from Primary School curriculum, and there is no need to reduce time allotment for the subject in Senior High School as stipulated in Indonesian English curriculum amendment.