Análise De Crescimento De Siegesbeckia Orientalis L

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Análise De Crescimento De Siegesbeckia Orientalis L DANIELY BALZANELO AGUILERA GERMINAÇÃO, CRESCIMENTO, ANATOMIA E COMPOSIÇÃO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Siegesbeckia orientalis Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, para obtenção do título de Doctor Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL 2005 Ficha catalográfica preparada pela Seção de Catalogação e Classificação da Biblioteca Central da UFV T Aguilera, Daniely Balzanelo, 1972- A283g Germinação, crescimento, anatomia e composição do 2005 óleo essencial de Siegesbeckia orientalis L. / Daniely Balzanelo Aguilera. – Viçosa : UFV, 2005. x, 130 f. : il. ; 29cm. Inclui apêndice. Orientador: Francisco Affonso Ferreira. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Inclui bibliografia. 1. Botão-de-ouro (Planta). 2. Germinação – Efeito da temperatura. 3. Germinação – Efeito da giberelina. 4. Siegesbeckia orientalis – Crescimento – Efeito do sombreamento. 5. Siegesbeckia orientalis – Anatomia. 6. Essências e óleos essenciais – Composição. I. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. II.Título. CDD 22.ed. 633.88399 DANIELY BALZANELO AGUILERA GERMINAÇÃO, CRESCIMENTO, ANATOMIA E COMPOSIÇÃO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Siegesbeckia orientalis Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, para obtenção do título de Doctor Scientiae. APROVADA: 23 de março de 2005. Prof.ª Renata Maria S. Alves Meira Prof. Antônio Jacinto Demuner (Conselheira) (Conselheiro) Prof. Eduardo Fontes Araújo Pesq. Izabel Cristina dos Santos Prof. Francisco Affonso Ferreira (Orientador) AGRADECIMENTOS À Universidade Federal de Viçosa, pela oportunidade de realização deste curso. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais – FAPEMIG, pela concessão de bolsa. Ao Professor Francisco Affonso Ferreira, pela orientação, amizade e confiança. Aos Professores Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira, Antônio Jacinto Demuner e Paulo Roberto Cecon, grandes conselheiros e amigos. Aos Professores Paulo César Rezende Fontes, Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira, Antônio Jacinto Demuner e Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias, pelas sugestões e participação na banca de Qualificação. Aos Professores Eduardo Fontes Araújo, Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira, Antônio Jacinto Demuner e à Pesquisadora Izabel Cristina dos Santos, pelas sugestões e participação na banca de Tese. Aos familiares e amigos que, direta ou indiretamente, contribuíram para a realização deste estudo. BIOGRAFIA DANIELY BALZANELO AGUILERA, filha de Antônio Aguilera Campos Sobrinho e Maria José Balzanelo Aguilera, nasceu em Londrina, estado do Paraná, em 23 de agosto de 1972. Em dezembro de 1998, graduou-se em Agronomia pela Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Em dezembro de 2000, concluiu o curso de Mestrado em Agronomia (Fitotecnia) pela Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Em março de 2001, iniciou o curso de Doutorado em Fitotecnia (Produção Vegetal) pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa. iii ÍNDICE RESUMO .................................................................................. vii ABSTRACT .............................................................................. ix 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL GERMINAÇÃO, CRESCIMENTO, ANATOMIA E COMPOSIÇÃO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Siegesbeckia orientalis L. ............................ 1 LITERATURA CITADA .................................................................. 5 2. ARTIGOS INFLUÊNCIA DA TEMPERATURA E DA GIBERELINA NA GERMINAÇÃO DE Siegesbeckia orientalis RESUMO ............................................................................................ 13 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................ 14 INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................. 15 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .............................................................. 20 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ....................................................... 23 LITERATURA CITADA .................................................................. 27 TABELAS ........................................................................................... 33 FIGURAS ........................................................................................... 35 iv CRESCIMENTO DE Siegesbeckia orientalis SOB DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE LUMINOSIDADE RESUMO ............................................................................................ 37 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................ 38 INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................. 39 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .............................................................. 40 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ....................................................... 43 LITERATURA CITADA .................................................................. 49 FIGURAS ........................................................................................... 54 ANATOMIA E HISTOQUÍMICA DOS ÓRGÃOS VEGETATIVOS DE Siegesbeckia orientalis (ASTERACEAE) RESUMO ........................................................................................... 59 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................... 60 INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................ 61 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ............................................................. 63 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ...................................................... 65 LITERATURA CITADA ................................................................. 69 FIGURAS .......................................................................................... 77 v ANATOMIA, HISTOQUÍMICA E COMPOSIÇÃO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Siegesbeckia orientalis (ASTERACEAE) RESUMO ........................................................................................... 79 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................... 80 INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................. 81 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .............................................................. 83 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ...................................................... 86 LITERATURA CITADA .................................................................. 91 TABELAS E FIGURAS .................................................................... 99 3. CONCLUSÕES GERAIS ............................................................. 102 4. APÊNDICE REVISÃO: ESTRUTURAS SECRETORAS EM ASTERACEAE RESUMO ........................................................................................... 105 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................... 106 TABELAS ........................................................................................... 107 LITERATURA CITADA .................................................................. 118 vi RESUMO AGUILERA, Daniely Balzanelo, D.S. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, março de 2005. Germinação, crescimento, anatomia e composição do óleo essencial de Siegesbeckia orientalis. Orientador: Francisco Affonso Ferreira, Conselheiros: Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira, Antônio Jacinto Demuner e Pulo Roberto Cecon. Objetivou-se verificar fatores que influenciam a germinação de S. orientalis, o seu crescimento, aspectos anatômicos, histoquímicos e químicos. O primeiro experimento verificou o efeito da temperatura e da giberelina (GA3) sobre a germinação, utilizando-se do paclobutrazol (PZ), na indução da dormência e, a prevenção ou reversão desta inibição, pela aplicação de GA3. Ocorreram as maiores médias de germinação em substrato com GA3, sendo as maiores porcentagens aos 17 °C em GA3 e aos 19 °C em água, estabelecendo-se a temperatura ótima de 18 ± 2 °C. Verificou-se total -2 inibição da germinação na dose de PZ 10 M. A aplicação de GA3 junto ao PZ não reverteu o efeito inibitório do PZ, assim como, a transferência dos aquênios incubados em PZ, para o substrato umedecido com GA3. O segundo experimento contrastou os efeitos de sombreamento sobre o crescimento de S. orientalis, através de análise de crescimento. As plantas cultivadas sob sombreamento, tiveram maior duração do ciclo cultural, cerca de 30 dias, retardando os valores máximos e/ou mínimos, em relação às plantas a luz plena. A espécie é favorecida pelo sombreamento. O terceiro experimento descreveu a anatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de S. orientalis, caracterizando suas estruturas secretoras e aplicando testes histoquímicos. Anatomicamente, os órgãos vegetativos são semelhantes aos caracteres descritos para Asteraceae. Ductos estão ausentes na raiz e presentes no caule e na folha. Três tipos de estruturas secretoras foram observados: ductos, hidatódios e tricomas glandulares. Os testes histoquímicos demonstraram compostos fenólicos e alcalóides nos ductos e, nos tricomas, compostos lipofílicos e fenólicos. O quarto experimento descreveu a anatomia e histoquímica de seus órgãos vii reprodutivos, a caracterização das estruturas secretoras, junto à extração e identificação dos principais compostos do óleo essencial das folhas e capítulos. Tricomas glandulares bisseriados reagiram a compostos lipofílicos e fenólicos. Cristais de oxalato de cálcio foram observados em tricomas glandulares pedunculados, que também reagiram a compostos lipofílicos, protéicos e alcalóides. O principal composto detectado no óleo essencial dos capítulos foi o sesquiterpeno γ-elemeno e nas folhas
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