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Home , Abies bracteata, Arctostaphylos hooveri, Aspidotis, Berberis dictyota, Bloomeria crocea, Bromus grandis

CONTENTS Page Summary ...... 1

Junipero Serra Peak ...... 5 ChewsRidge ...... 6 PineRidge ...... 6 ...... 6 Sampling Methods ...... 8 Flora of the Study Peaks ...... 8 References ...... 10 Appendix ...... 13 Distribution of ...... 13 Plants of the Study Peaks ...... 23 THE AUTHOR JAMES R. GRIFFIN was formerly a ecologist on the Station's silvicultural research staff headquartered at Redding, . He earned bachelor's (1952) and master's degrees (1958) in forestry and a doctorate (1962) in at the , Berkeley. He joined the Forest Service in 1962. He assumed his present position in 1967 as associate research ecologist, Hastings Natural History Reser- vation, University of California, Carmel Valley.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Help in identifying problem plants was generously provided by Loran C. Anderson (Kansas State University), Lincoln Constance, Lauramay T. Dempster, and Pamela Yorks (University of California, Berkeley), Frank G. Hawksworth (Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station), Marion Ownbey (Washington State University), Peter H. Raven (Missouri Botanical Garden) and James L. Reveal (University of Maryland). John Thomas Howell (California Academy of Sciences) and Lawrence R. Heckard (University of California, Berkeley) helped with several plant groups and provided much encouragement. Voucher specimens of the interesting or difficult plants were deposited in the Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, or with the specialists listed above. Margaret Campbell supplied historical material from the California Academy of Sciences archives. SUMMARY

Griffin, James R. 1975. Plants of the highest Santa Lucia and peaks, California. USDA Forest Sew. Res. Paper PSW-110, 50 p., illus. Pacific Soutl~westForest and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif.

Oxford: 188x455.[-(794) (23)] Rehieval Terms: plant communities; montane disjuncts; elevational distributions; Area; (California); Diablo Range (California); California.

As the first phase of a broader vegetational study, on each peak ranged from 3 to 9 percent, witl~very a search for vascular plants was made on six of the few introduced in the dense forest stands. highest ridges in the south Coast Ranges of California. Most species had broad elevational ranges, and only 5 The survey covered five prominent peaks in the Santa of 13 montane forest disjuncts seemed to be confined Lucia Range, Monterey County, and the tallest moun- to areas above 1200 m: Chimaphila menziesii, Cycla- tain unit in the Diablo Range, San Benito and Fresno denia humilis, Holodiscus microphyllus, Raillardella Counties. These peaks, which support depauperate (muirii ?) and Sanicula graveolens. scraps of forest are distant from montane Chews Ridge had the most plants. Of the 267 regions with well-developed mixed conifer forest. A native species above 1200 m noted there, 26 were not major purpose of the survey was to document the seen on any of the other peaks. Forty-three species distribution of montane disjuncts on these lower ele- which were absent from the Santa Lucia Range peaks vation coastal peaks. grew on San Benito Mountain. This more interior No detailed vegetational studies have been made mountain has the driest climate of the study peaks on these summits, but the history of plant collecting and much highly serpentinized soil lacking on the and the relevant floristic literature were reviewed. other peaks. Six Santa Lucia Range endemics grew on This collection emphasized the disjunct conifer the Santa Lucia peaks, and four Diablo Range endem- forests, but all types of habitats above tl~e1200- i ics were in the San Benito Mountain region. meter (3937-foot) level were searched. Only vascular plants growing above this elevation on at least one of Eight species of limited distribution are recognized the six peaks are included in this report. The relative by the California Native Plant Society as rare and abundance of evely species is tabulated within three endangered plants: Cnmissonia benitensis, elevational zones for each peak. Notes provide infor- falcata, Galium californicum ssp. luciense, Galium mation about each species (including important varie- clementis, Layia discoidea, Lupinus cervinus, Monar- ties and subspecies) on life form, plant community della benitensis, and Raillardella (muirii?.) The Fritil- preferences, ecological characteristics, and taxonomic laria has not been reported from its type locality on problems. San Benito Mountain since its original discovery. This A total of 449 species were noticed above 1200 m. plant may be extinct on San Benito Mountain but The relatively low proportion of introduced species surviving in one other Diablo Range locality. i

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119"

Figure l-Distribution of montane areasabove 1200 m (3937ft) elevation in , and the relative locality of the six study peaks. lants on the Santa Lucia and Diablo Ranges of cies extensions below 1200 m are less complete. central California have received much taxonom- The elevational orientation of the survey was P ic attention. Professional botanists started col- prompted by the vegetation study. For a careful lecting along the primitive roads in 1830, and the analysis of how the montane disjuncts fit into the more accessible spots have remained popular with local vegetation, it was desirable to have as much data plant collectors ever since. In recent decades, mono- as possible on elevational distributions. Although ar- graphic studies on many genera have included a host bitrarily chosen, the 1200-m limit has some ecological of specimens from these mountains. The fund of merit. In practical terms, this lower limit eliminated geographic and ecological information, however, is much of the grassland, foothill woodland, and red- still limited. Except for the most conspicuous , wood forest floras-reducing the survey to a manage- even general distributions for particular plants on able size. specific peaks are poorly known. This paper reports the presence-or probable ab- sence-of vascular plants on each of the study peaks. This floristic survey is the initial step in a vegeta- Plants listed in the literature, but which I could not tion study that emphasizes the role of "montane find in the field, are also included. Elevational distri- disjunctsm-plants that are widely distributed in dis- butions for all species are suggested. To make the tant mountain regions, but have only isolated popula- report more helpful to a diversity of users, individual tions on these Coast Range peaks. species notes provide information on size, life form, The summary of field observations and review of plant community preferences, and other ecological the literature and herbarium records is limited to features. Obvious taxonomic problems are summa- higher elevations. Six geographically isolated and eco- rized. logically important peaks were selected. I confined The scientific names follow Munz (1959,1968) or the intensive search for plants to levels above the later monographs. These are essentially the same 1200-in (3937-ft) elevation. Separate records were names used by Howitt and Howell (1964, 1973). kept on species growing between 1200 m and 1400 m Common names were adapted from central California (4593 ft) and tl~osecontinuing above 1400 m. When references: Little (1953) for all trees; Howitt and plants present above 1200 m were noticed at lower Howell (1964, 1973), Thomas (1961), and Twissel- elevations, they were also recorded. But data on spe- mann (1967) for most herbs and .

STUDY PEAKS

The northwestern Santa Lucia Range and the Sierra Madre in Santa Barbara County. Forested southeastern Diablo Range contain the most signifi- slopes of the Sierra are about 130 km (80 cant ridges above 1200-m elevation in the south Coast miles) east of tile Diablo Range across the San Joa- Ranges OTig. I). These two mountain units, with quin Valley. The Santa Lucia Range in Monterey scraps of coniferous forest on tllem , are far removed County has a number of peaks exceeding 1200m. from the montane regions that support well-devel- Five of the most prominent ridges were selected for oped mixed conifer forest. The Santa Lucia and study fig. 2, table I). All these study peaks are Diablo areas lie more than 320 km (200 miles) south within the Monterey Ranger District, Los PaGres Na- of the sizable high ridges in the north Coast Ranges of tional Forest. Geographic isolation between the peaks Lake County. Botl~areas are more than 150 km is minor; yet there are distinct climatic, floristic, and (90 miles) north of the 1200 m high ridges of the vegetational differences between them. Coulter's notes seemed to have disan~earedA. in Great Britain. No direct record of their work on Cone Peak An outstanding characteristic of Cone Peak is its is available except for several letters and their herbari- dramatic proximity to the Pacific Ocean (fig. I, table um specimens. I). Few spots in North America can boast of a moun- tain this tall so close to the coast. The geology in- was probably the first "Califor- cludes exposures of ancient Pre- rocks (table nia" botanist to collect on Cone Peak. In June 1893, 1). Another attraction is the old-growth sugar she hiked from the Kirk Ranch (Sec. 35, T. 21S, R. forest along with many fine bristlecone colonies. 5E) to the Dani Ranch (Sec. 9, T. 22S, R. 4E), The presence of these and may have crossing the Cone Peak study area somewhere near prompted the officials at San Antonio Mission to the summit of the present Gamboa trail (Eastwood send visiting European botanists there. In any case, nld). In her reminiscences of this trip, she mentioned Cone Peak did gain an interesting historical heritage sugar pine on the ridge. Eastwood (1897) later al- with visits by David Douglas in March 1831 (Hooker luded to this Cone Peak population as "the only 1836), Thomas Coulter in 1832 or 1833 (Coville grove of Pinus Lambertiana now left in these moun- 1895, Don 1837), Karl Theodor Hartweg in Septem- tains." Unfortunately, her original notes and speci- ber 1847 (Hartweg 1848), and in 1849 mens were lost in the 1906 fire. (Ewan 1973, Veitch 1900). Unfortunately, Douglas Willis L. Jepson crossed the ridge north of Cone lost his valuable field notes in the Eraser River, and Peak in June 1901, and his interesting field notes are

Figure Z-Location of five study peaks in relation to the 1200 m (3937 ftl elevation in the northwestern Santa Lucia Range. Monterey County, California. These peaks are covered on the Chwvs Ridge. Cone Peak. Juniper0 Serra Peak. Lopez Point, and Ventana Cones 75-minute US. Geological Survey quadrangles. Table I-P~iographicand geologic information about fhe study peaks, Santa Lucin and Dioblo Ranges, California i Distance Contiguous Max~mum area above Predominant ocean elevation 1200 m rock typesi

Cone Peak 5.3 1571 2000 Pro- schist, some limestone outcrops, Cretaceous sandstone (1,2,4,5,13) Ventnna Double 9.8 1479 450 Mesozoic yanitics (1,3,6,7) Cone Junipera Serra 17.7 1787 2200 Mesozoic granitics, Pre-Cretaceous Peak schist (1) Chews Ridge 18.8 1538 2600 Pie-Cretaceous schist, very small ultrabasic outcrops, Miocene sandstone (1,7) Pine Rid~e 11.7 1513 1100 Mesozoic granitics, Pre-Cretaceous schist, Mesozoic ultrabasic "Iherzolite" with minor serpentlni- zation (1,3,6,7) San Benito Mtn. 85 1597 10000 Mesozoic ultrabasics with much highly sheared serpentine (8.9.10.11.12)

' Sources are noted as fallows: 1. Hart (1966) 6. Pearson and others (1967) 11. Coleman (1957) 2. Reiche (1937) 7. Fiedler (1944) 12. Coleman (1961) 3. Wiebe (l970a) 8. Forstner (1903) 13. Compton (1966) 4. Wiebe (1970b) 9. Eckel and Myer (1946) 5. Wyatt (1973) 10. Walker and Griggs (1953)

still available (Jepson nld). He went from tl~eAvila hike is now required to reach the summit, and the Ranch (near Kirk's) to Dani's, probably on the same main ridge has a single access trail with few spots trail that Eastwood used. Jepson thought that this where the traveler is tempted to leave the beaten ridge must have been the point at which David Doug- path. This region remains one of the least botanically las first found sugar pine and bristlecone fir. Joseph explored spots in the Santa Lucias. Burtt-Davy also visited Cone Peak in June 1901. Although somewhat further inland, Ventana The study area on Cone Peak included "Twin Double Cone has floristic similarities with Cone Peak. Peak" and "High Square Peak." "Arroyo Hondo" and Both share many. rock outcrops and talus slope spe- "Big Creek" were names used in early notes on the cies. is too roclo/ to have any area north of Cone Peak. They probably refer to the well developed forest communities. The peak does south fork of Devils Canyon on contemporary maps. support large numbers of scattered bristlecone firs. There is virtually no grassland on this ridge above Ventana Double Cone 1200 m. This peak in the Ventana Wilderness Area is char- acterized by extremely steep and rocky slopes. Ven- tana Double Cone was far too remote to attract early Good astronomical observing conditions were an collectors. In 1901, Joseph Burtt-Davy collected in early attraction to Junipero Serra Peak (formerly the Little Sur drainage and on "Ventana Cone," but called Santa Lucia Peak). Astronomers scratched a he probably was not on the summit. A 1918 U. S. trail to the summit in January 1880 to 0bsewe a total Forest Service map of the district still did not show a eclipse of the sun (Davidson 1882). Eastwood (nld) trail anywhere near the mountain. A 21-km (13-mile) claimed that observations from the peak were also made on the transit of Venus in 1882. Interest in Chews Ridge building an observatory on the summit continues to this day (Walker 1970). Wiiam Brewer climbed the lower slopes of Chews In June 1893, Eastwood (n/d) climbed the "as- Ridge in May 1861 (Brewer 1930). By 1890 Tassajara tronomer's trail" to what she described as the "top." Hot Springs was accessible by road, and a few bota- Curiously, she did not mention the sugar pine forest nists stopped on the summit of Chews Ridge on their on the summit in her reminiscences. In her note on way down to the resort; e.g., A. D. E. Elmer in June Santa Lucia Range , Eastwood (1897) stated 1901 and William R. Dudley in June 1911. Chews that "Pinus Lambertiana is said to have been abun- Ridge is now the only high peak in the Santa Lucia dant formerly on the slopes of Santa Lucia Pealc, and Range with a public ioad crossing the summit. Nu- a few trees are yet left." For someone who claimed to merous collectors have been on the mountain in re- cent ymrs. have been on the summit, her statement is rather Chews Ridge and the contiguous Miller Ridge have unsatisfactory. She also suggested that much timber highly developed hardwood forest and mixed - was removed from "Santa Lucia Peak" for construc- Coulter pine communities in protected spots. One tion of Mission San Antonio (Eastwood 1897). I can unique feature of this peak is the extensive savanna find no basis for her claim. with large valley (Griffin 1975). Chews Ridge is William R. Dudley apparently collected plants on the mountain in May 1895. The unlogged sugar pine the only study peak with clear evidence of Indian forest on Junipero Serra Peak was mentioned by activity on the summit. There are some bedrock mor- tars for grinding acorns in the savanna. Chews Ridge Plummer and Goswell.' They did allude to some also has far more patches of open grassland or potre- cutting of incense-cedars near the base of the peak, ros than the other study peaks. A series of tiny but gave no details. Jepson (n/d) visited the peak in ultrabasic outcrops on Chews Ridge provide habitat September 1911. for several xeric species, but they support no real Although by far the tallest of the Santa Lucia "serpentine" flora. Range peaks, Junipero Serra Peak appears to have a The Hastings Natural History Reservation of the drier climate than the others. No long-term weather University of California lies at the northern base of data are available. Walker (1970), an astronomer who Chews Ridge. Intensive plant collecting has been con- spent several seasons on the summit, measured 51 cm ducted in this vicinity since 1937 (Griffin 1974b). (19.9 inches) of rain plus 93 cm (36.6 inches) of The Hastings collections make the record of Chews snow during the 1965-66 season. In adjacent regions Ridge plants growing below 1200 m more complete this was an "average" season. In the wet 1966-67 than for the other study peaks. season he measured 100 cm (39.4 inches) of rain plus 304 cm (1 19.7 inches) of snow. It is a steep hike of 10 km (6 miles) up to the Pine Ridge summit. The traveler may wander around easily Pine Ridge lies within the Ventana Wilderness enough in tl~epine forest on top of the mountain, bitt Area, some 13 km (8 miles) from Chews Ridge by the steep sides of the peak with dense trail. The trail has been used for along time, but Pine' discourage much collecting away from the trail. A Ridge still has received little botanical attention. This vast area on the northern face of the mountain has peak has the only extensive old-growth ponderosa not been botanically explored. The only "unmapped" pine forest above 1200 m in the Sania Lucia Range. spot on Hart's (1966) Monterey County geology map The 80-ha (200-acre) ultrabasic plug that outcrops was in this region. on Pine Ridge provides an interesting "serpentine" The large Pinyon Peak ridge just east of Junipero habitat (table I). This ultrabasic mass, however, is Serra Peak was not included in my survey. Pinyon much less serpentinized than that on San Benito Peak appears to be even drier than Junipero Serra Mountain. Peak and has a rather limited selection of montane A group of marshy springs near Pine Ridge Camp species. adds a number of riparian species to the flora of this peak. San Benito Mountain

'Slome, N. H. 1914. Resources and plan of operatioion of Within the Diablo Range the highest mountain Monterqv Natio,tal FOES~. (Unpublished report on file, LOS unit centers on the Sari Benit0 Mo.untain-Santa Rita Padres National Forest, King City, Calif.) Peak portion of San Benito and Fresno Counties (fig. Figure 3-Distribution of area above the 1200 m (3937 ftl elevation in the San Benito Mountain study area of San Benito and Fresna Counties. This peak is covered on the ldria. San Benito Mountain, and Santa Rita Peak 7.5-minute U.S. Geological Sutvey quadrangles. 3). Most of this ridge is now administered by the itation of the driest Santa Lucia Range peak. Yet Folsom District, U. S. Bureau of Land Management despite the lower rainfall, permanently flowing creeks (Griffin 1974a). Between 1907 and 1916, however, are more obvious near the 1200-m level on San i this region was managed by the U. S. Forest Service Benito Mountain than in the Santa Lucias. as part of the Monterey National Forest.' William Brewer visited the mines and collected Much of the past and present interest in the region plants on San Benito Mountain in July 1861 (Brewer stems from its extreme mineralization (table I). The n/d, 1930). Much of my study area on the mountain study area included the upper portion of a highly was within the upper "San Carlos" region of Brewer's sheared and altered ultrabasic plug which is some 22 notes. Eastwood (nld) collected plants between Her- km (14 miles) long and 6 km (4 miles) wide. The nandez and New Idria in May 1898, and William R. strange-looking landscape has huge patches of com- Dudley was in the area in late May 1899. Laura pletely bare, "slickentite" serpentine. Lathrop, a student of Dudley's, collected extensively In 1853, Mexican prospectors located the Aurora in the area in 1902-1903 (Elmer 1906). Jepson (nld) and New Idria mines here. Commercial exploitation crossed San Benito Mountain in May 1907, and his of the New Idria mine came quickly, and it became notes vividly portray the barren serpentine patches the second most productive mercury producer in and the effect that logging for mine timbers had on North America. The entire region has been intensely the forest: prospected for mercury, , and-most recent- The trees spoken of above are about 12 to 20 to the ly-asbestos. acre where there is stand. Great areas on the summits Forest habitats are less productive on San Benito and ridge slopes are as barren as one's hand, not even Mountain than on any of the Santa Lucia peaks. In herbaceous vegetation. These characteristic spots are addition to the sterile , San Benito rotting sliding shale rack . . . The trees have been logged clean for the mines, even the Cinch stuff taken Mountain has a drier climate-perhaps half the precip- for logging. In recent times the main botanical activity in the 2~lummer,Fred C., and M. G. Gowsell. 1905. Foresf COIZ- dirions in the Monrerey Forest Reserve, Califorzia. Unpub- regi0n has been by those looking for lished report on liie, Los Padres National Forest, Goleta, endemic plant species, or by others interested in the Calif.) hybridization of Jeffrey and Coulter pines. SAMPLING METHODS

In my floristic survey, the forest communities- cies to the San Benito flora, but sampling of the particularly tl~econifer stands-received the most aquatic species in this pond was not complete. attention. But I did collect in all types of vegetation and specialized habitats (table 2). Essentially all roads and trails above 1200-m elevation on each peak were visited. Tile more critical areas were sampled at seve- Table 2-Conspicuous vegetation types and specialized habi- tats 011 tlle study,peaks, Santa Lucia and Dinblo Ranges, ral seasons during 2 different years. I left the trail California system whenever topography and vegetation condi- tions pennitted. Notes were taken on study peak Mixed Evergeen Forest species down to the 600-m (1968-foot) level. Eleva- Hardwood phases: Lithocarpus densiflorus dominant tions were determined wit11 barometric altimeter and Quercus cl~rysolepisdominant topographic maps. Mixed phase: Numerous trips were made to the Santa Lucia Quercus chrysolepis, menziesii, Pirtus coulteri peaks between 1972 and 1974. Probably I visited the Coniferous Forest largest proportion of the landscape on Chews Ridge. (may have understory of Mixed Evergreen Forest) Nonserpentine phases: On Pine Ridge the study area included South Ventana Pinus lnmbertiana dominant Cone, but the dense chaparral prevented sampling on Pinus ponderosa dominant the main summit. Ventana Double Cone received the Serpentine phases: fewest visits. Pinus ponderosa, P. coulteri, Libocedrus decutrens Tally (1974) also collected on the Santa Lucia Libocedrus decutrens, P. coulteri, P. feffreyi Savanna study peaks, and the material he gave me contributed Grassland with scattered Quercus lobata and Pinus significantly to this survey. His collections on Ven- coulteri tana Double Cone were especially helpful. Potre10 In tl~eSan Benito Mountain region, my trips were Welldefined patches of open grassland within the Mixed scattered from 1971 until 1974. Here the area above Evergreen Forest 1200 m was too large to cover in detail even though Cllaparral Mixed phase: the topography was more favorable than in the Santa Arctostapl~ylosglondulosa, Quercus wislizenii promi- Lucias. My greatest efforts were spent in and around nent the 600-ha (1500-acre) San Benito Mountain Natural Chamise phase: dominant Area which the U.S. Bureau of Land Manaeementu has established on the main ridge (fig. 3). The limited Serpentine phase: , Arctosrap~~yIosglaucaprominent areas of high-elevation nonserpentine soil in the San nj,,9r;,,m M3,,;,3+e -..= .-v.-.- Benito Mountain study area were not accessible, and Permanent creeks, permanent spnngs, seasonal seeps, ver- tlle San Benito Mountain collections above 1200 m nal lakes were essentially all on serpentine. Spanish Lake @g. Habifats 3), a large serpentine vernal pool, added several spe- Outcrops, talus slopes, serpentine bald spots

FLORA OF THE STUDY PEAKS

The study peaks cover a large area with diverse in the vegetation. Table 3 lists the number of species geology and topography, but they support only a in several elevational groupings on each peak. The modest number of plant species. On all six peaks I large number on Chews Ridge reflects a wide range of noticed only 421 native and 28 introduced species habitats, including the species-rich potreros. The above 1200 m. These numbers may be compared witl~ more intensive sampling on this peak also influenced 465 native and 127 introduced species collected on the number. The small number of species on Ventana the small 781-ha Hastings Reservation below Chews Double Cone is largely the result of the steep, rocky Ridge (Griffrn 1974b). nature of the entire summit and the lack of grassland. Of tl~e421 native species above 1200 m, only 297 Additional visits would add to the list, but the peak species apparently extend above 1400 m. Many of would continue to have the fewest species. these species above 1400 m are rare or unimportant Few species are confined to the ridgetops. In the Santa Lucias the montane disjuncts Chimaphila men- tional exploring on nonserpentine habitats above ziesii, Cycladenia humilis, Holodiscus microphyllus, 1200 m in the Diablo Range would probably locate a Raillardella (muirii ?), and Sanicula graveolens seem few of these species. [ to have no significant populations below 1200 m. The percentage of introduced species on these Most of the other montane forest disjuncts have peaks seems to be relatively small (table 3). The broad elevational ranges. A few montane disjuncts in majority of exotic plants are either trailside weeds or the Santa Lucias are found only below 1200 m. For part of the grassland communities. One of the few example, the only colony of Cornus nuttallii is well introduced herbs appearing in the stable forest under- below the study area on the east base of Cone Peak. story is Galium aparine. Although a large number of endemic plants are Eight of the species on the study peaks have such a scattered about the south Coast Ranges, only a rela- small total range that the California Native Plant tively few appear on the study peaks above 1200 m. Society (Powell 1974) and the Smithsonian Institu- Six Santa Lucia Range endemics which have substan- tion recognized them as rare and endangered plants: tial populations on the study peaks are: Abies brac- Galium clementis, Galium califomicum spp. luciense, teata, hooveri, Galium californicum Lupinus cervinus and Raillardella (muirii ?) on the spp. luciense, Galium clementis, Lupinus abramsii, Santa Lucia peaks and benitensis, Fritil- and Lupinus cervinus. Some other Santa Lucia Range endemics such as vortriedei probably laria falcata, Lay ia discoides, and Monardella beniten- sis on San Benito Mountain. All these species should have a few plants above 1200 m, but I did not fmd receive some type of administrative protection. No them. Four Diablo Range endemics on San Benito Moun- species known to occur on the Santa Lucia peaks has tain are: , Fritillaria falcata, become extinct, but one vandal could destroy all known plants of the Raillardella in a short tie. On Layia discoidea, and Monardella benitensis. San Benito Mountain, one of the rare species may be The flora of San Benito Mountain had a greater extinct. I know of no report of Fritillaria falcata since overlap with that of the Santa Lucia peaks than Jepson's original discovery, although this lily sunives anticipated. San Benito Mountain had only 43 species in one other Diablo Range locality. that were not found above 1200 m on the Santa Lucia peaks. At least 10 of these species occur in th6 Some of the d~sjunctspecies-although common

I 1 Santa Lucias at lower elevations. Some 50 of the elsewhere in California-are endangered on the study more "mesic" plants of the Santa Lucia peaks seem peaks and should receive the same protection as the to be absent from the southern Diablo Range, e.g., rare species. The tiny populations of Cycladenia Acer macrophyllum and Alnus rhombifolia But addi- humilis are a good example.

Table 3-Number of species on tlre study peaks (limited to pla,tts occurringabove 1200 m on at least one peak]

San

Number of species Present above 1400 m: Native species Introduced species Present above 1200 m: Native species Introduced species Total species present above 600 m Native taxa noted on only one peak 1 4 6 26 5 43 Percent introduced species above 1200 m REFERENCES

Anderson, E., and G. L. Stebbins, Jr. Eastwood, Alice 1954. Hybridization as an evolutionary stimulus. Evolu- 1897. The coniferae of the Santa Lucia Mountains. Ery- tion 8:378-388. thea 5:71-74. Baker, Milo S. Eastwood, Alice 1953. Studies in western violets VII. Madroh 12:8-18. (nld) Handwritten memoirs on file in the Eashvood Beetle, Dorothy E. Archives. Calif. Acnd. Sci., San F~ancisco. 1944. A monograph of the North American species of Eckel, Edwin B., and W. B. Myers Fn'fillaria. Madroco 7:133-159, illus. 1946. Quicksilver deposits of the New ldria district, San Bowerman, Mary L. Benito and Fresno Counties, California. Calif. J. Mines 1944. The flowering plants and of , and Geol. 42:81-124, illus. California. 290 p., Uus. Gillic Press, Berkeley, Calif. Elmer, A. D. E. Brewer, William H. 1906. New and noteworthy plants, 111. Bot. Gaz. (nld). Botanical notes 1860-1867-notes of the California 41:309-326. State Survey. 521 p. [Copied from original notes in Ewan, Joseph Gray Herbarium by A. V. Stubenrauch in 1897, bound 1973. William Lobb, plant hunter forveitch and messen- volume on file Univ. Calif. Herbarium, Berkeley.] ger of the Big . Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 67:I-36, B~ewer,William H. illus. 1930. Up and down California in 1860-1864: the journal Fiedler, William Morris of William H. Brewer. 601 p., illus. Yale Univ. Press, 1944. Geology of the Jamesburg quadrangle, Monterey New Haven. County, California. Calif. J. Mines and Geol. Brown, Carl 40: 177-250, illus. 1972. A description of selected populations of Pillus Forstner, Wm. ponderoso in central California. M.S. Thesis. Calif. 1903. The quicksilver resources of California. Calif. State State Polytechnic College, San Luis Obispo. Mining Bur. Bull. 27, 273 p., illus. Qausen, Jens Griffin, James R. 1964. Cytotaxonomy and distributional ecology of west- 1964. Cone morphology in . J. Arnold ern North American violets. MadroEo 17:173-197. Arbor. 45:260-273, illus. Coleman, R. G. Griffin, James R. 1957. Mineralogy and petrology of the New ldria district, 1965. Digger pine seedling response to and California. Ph.D. Thesis. Stanford Univ., Stanford, nonserpentinite soil. Ecology 46:801-807, illus. Calif., C. D., 28,53,54, 70 Griffin, James R. Coleman, R. G. 1973. Valley oaks-the end of an era? Fremantia 1961. Jadeite deposits of the Clear Creek area, New Idria l(1):S-9, illus. district, San Benito County, California. J. Petrol. G~iffin,James R. 2:209-247. 1974a. A strange pine and cedar forest in San Benito Compton, Robert R. County. Fremontia 2(1):11-15, illus. 1966. Granitic and metamorphic rocks of Salinan block, Griffin, James R. . Calif. Div. Mines and Geol. 1974b. Botanical resources of the Hastings Reservation, Bull. 190:277-287. Monterey County. Madrok. 22:329-32. Caville, Frederick V. Griffin, James R. 1895. The botanical explorations of Thomas Coulter in 1975. Regeneration in Quercus lobafa savannas, Santa Mexico and Califo~nia.Bot. Gaz. 20:519-531, illus. Lucia Mountains. California. Amer. Mid Nat. (In Critchfield, William B. press.) 1971. Profiles of California vegetation. USDA Forest Griftin. James R.. and William B. Critchfield Serv. Res. Paper PSW-76, 54 p., illus. Pacific South- 1972. ~istriiutionof forest trees in California. USDA west Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. Forest Serv. Res. Paper PSW-82, 114 p., illus. Pacific Davidson, George Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, 1882. The total solar eclipse of January 11, 1880, ob- Calif. served at Mount Santa Lucia, California. p. 463-464. Hardham, Clare B. U.S. Coast and Geod. SUN. Annu. Rep. for 1882. 1966. Three didoid mecies of the Monnrdella villoso Dempster, Lauramay T., and G. Ledyard Stebbins complex. ~eaflletswest. ~ot.10:237-242. 1968. A cytotaxonomic revision of the fleshy-fruited Hart, Earl W. Galium species of the and southern 1966. Mines and mineral resources of Monterey County, (Rubinceae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 1-57, illus. California. Calif. Div. Mines and Geol. County Rep. 5, Dempster, Lauramay T., and G. ~edyardStebbins 142 p., illus. 1971. The Golium onprstifolium complex () of Hartweg, Theodor California and California. Madrozo 21:70-95. 1848. Journal of a mission to California in search of Don, David plants, N. J. Hort. Sac. London 3:217-227. 1837. Descriptions of five new species of the genusPinu$ Hawkswoith, Fmnk G., and Delbert Wiens discovered by Dr. Coulter in California. Linn. Sac. 1972. Biology and classification of dwarf mistletoes London Trans. 17:439-444, illus. (Arceutl~obium).USDA Handb. 401,234 p., illus. Heckard, Lawrence R. Raven, Peter H. 1960. Taxonomic studies in the Phocelia magellonica 1957. Plant records from San Benito County, California. polyploid complex. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 32:l-123, Leaflets West. Bot. 8:174-176. i inus. Raven, Peter H. Hookex, William Jackson 1969. A revision of the Cornissonin (). 1836. A brief memoir of the life of MI. David Douglas Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37:161-396, illus. with extracts from his letters. Comp. Bot. Mag. Reiche, Parry C. 2:79-182. 1937. Geology of the Lucia quadrangle, California. Univ. Hoover, Robert F. Calif. Dep. Geol. Sci. BuU. 24(7):115-168. 1970. The vascular plants of San Luis Obispo County, Reveal, James L. California. 350 p., illus. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 1970. Additional notes on the California buckwheats Howitt, Beatrice F., and John Thomas Howell (Eriosonum, ). Aliso 7:217-230. 1964. The vascular plants of Monterey County, Cali- Rydberc, Per Axel fornia. Wasnann J. Biol. 22:l-184, illus. 1927: Roillordiopsis. North Amer. Flora (Corduales) Howitt, Beatrice F., and John Thomas Howell 34(4):319-320. 1973. Supplement to the vascular plants of Monterey Sharsmith, Helen K. County, California. 60 p., illus. Pacific Grove Museum 1945. Flora of the Mount Hamilton Range of California of Nat. Hist. Assoc., PacificGrove, Calit (a taxonomic study and floristic analysis of the vas- Jepson, Willis L. cular plants). Amer. Mid. Nat. 34:289-367, illus. (n/d) Field notebooks on file at Jepson Herbarium, Uni- Sharsmith, Helen K. versity of California, Berkeley. 1961. Tlle genus (). Univ. Calif. Jepson, Willis Linn h~bl.Bat. 32:235-314. 1925. A manual of the flowering plants of California, Smith, Alan R. 1238 p., illus. Sather Gate Bookshop, Berkeley, Calif. 1975. The California species of Aspidolis. Madroso Keck, David D. 23:15-24, illus. 1957. Trends in systematic botany. In Survey of biologi- Solbrig, Otto T. cal progress. V. 3:47-107. Awd. Press, New York and 1965. The California species of Gutierrezia (Compositae- London. Astereae). Madrano 18:75-84, illus. Kruckeberg, A. R. 1958. The of the species complexSlreprantlzus Stebbins, G. L., B. L. Harvey, E. L. Cox, J. N. Rutger,etal. slandulosus Hook. Mndrono 14:217-248. 1963. 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An illustrated manual of Califo~niasluubs, 689 p., 1967. A flora of Kern County, California. Wasmann J. illus. J. W. Stacey, San Francisco. Biol. 25:l-395. illus. Morrison, John L. Veitch, J. 1941. A monograph of the section Euclisia Nutt. of 1900. Manual of the conifers. 326 o.. illus. J. Veitch and Stre~ranrlrus.Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Calit. Berkelev. Sons, London. Munz, philip A. Walker, George W., and AUen B. Griggs 1959. The California flora. 1681 p., illus. Univ. Calif. 1953. Chromite deposits of the southern Coast Ranges of Press, Berkeley. California. Calit Div. Mines Bull. 134(2):39-88, illus. Munz, Philip A. Walker, Merle F. 1968. Supplement to a California flora. 224 p. Univ. 1970. Tlie California site survey. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. Calif. Press, Berkeley. 82(407):672498, illus. Pearson, Robert C., Philip T. Hayes, and Paul V. Fillo 1967. Mineral resources of the Ventana Primitive Area. White.. ~~ ..., ~-~~.~~Keith -.I. Monterey County, California. U.S. Geol. Sum. Bull. 1966. Structure and composition of foothill woodland in 1261-B, 42 p., illus. central coastal California. Ecology 47:229-237, illus. Powell, W. Robert \Vicklow, D. T. 1974. Inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of 1966. Further observations on serpentine response inEm- California. Calif. Native Plant Sac. Spec. Publ. 1, 56 p. menanrke. Ecology 47:864-863, illus. Wiebe, Robert A. Zobel, Bruce 3. 1970a. Relations of granitic and gabbroic rocks, northem 1951a. The natural between Coulter and Jeffrey Santa Lucia Range, California. Geol. Soc. Amer. BuU. pines. W.D. Thesis. Univ. Calif,, Berkeley. 81:lOS-116. Zobel, Bruce Wiebe, Robert A. 1951b. The natural hybrid behveen Coulter and Jeffrey 1970b. ?-Cenozoic tectonic history of the Salinan pines.Evolution 5:405413. Block, western California. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. Zobe1,Bruce 81:1837-1842. 1952. Jeffrey pine in the south Coast Ranges of Cali- Wyatt, G. Gilbert fornia. Madro5o U:283-284. 1973. Franciscan rocks near Sur Fault zone, northern Zobe1,Bruce Santa Lucia Range, California. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 1953. Geographic range and intraspecific variation in 84:3317-3328. Coulter pine. Madrofio 12:l-7, iUus. APPENDIX Distribution of Plants

Key to Symbols

Three elevational zones on each peak are indicated by the numbers heading the columns:

1 above 1400 m (4593 feet)

2 between 1200 m and 1400 m (3937-4593 feet)

3 between 600 m and 1200 m (1968-3937 feet)

Relative abundance of plant within an elevational zone is suggested by symbols:

C COWON in suitable, relatively widespread habitats

U UNCOMMON or at least inconspicuous in widespread habitats

L LOCAL in specialized habitats, such as wet spots or rock outcrops

R RARE--only a few individuals seen in any habitat

+ recorded from the literature or a herbarium specimen; elevations usually estimated

. not seen, but insufficient data are available to make a strong case for the plant's absence

- probably absent; there are no records of the plant in the region and the most promising habitats are missing

" introduced; usually ruderal or found in disturbed habitats

A few species which could not he readily distinguished in the field are combined for purposes of this tabulation. In most cases varieties or subspecies are not shown in this list, but they are described in the species notes.

Ven . Jun. San Cone Doub. Serra Chews Pine Beni to Peak Cone Peak Ridge Ridge Mtn. Species 123 123 123 123 123 123

Abies bracteata CCC CCC ..U .UC CCC --- Acer macrophyllum RUU . .+ RUU UUU .UU --- Achillea borealis ..U ..U ..C UCC .R. CCC Adenos toma f as ciculatum CCC .CC CCC CCC .CC CCC Agoseris grandiflora UUU ..U ..C UUC R.U WU

Agoseris heteraphylla ...... UC UU. ... Agoseris retrorsa .U...... U UUU ...... Agropyron parishii . .+ . .U ... CCC .UU ... Agropyron trachycaulon ------... LLL Agrostis exarata ..L ,.. ..L LLL ... .L. Aira caryophyllea * ...... C . .C .UU ... Allium burlewii R.. ------UUU Allium campanulatum ...... R.. U.. UUU ... Allium fimbriatum ------... UUU Allophyllum divaricatum ...... R...... Ven. Jun. San Cone Doub . Serra Chews Pine Benito Peak Cone Peak Rjdge Ridge Mtn. Species 123 123 123 123 123 123

Allophyllum giliaides .u. ..U .UU .UU .R. ... Alnus rhombifolia . .L ... .LL .LL .LL --- Amelanchier pallida . .L ...... RR...... Amsinckia intermedia ...... U .RC ... . .U Antirrhinum multiflorum .UU . .U .UU .UU ...... Apocynum pumilum ...... UU .UU ... Aquilegia eximia ------... LLL Aquilegia fomosa ..L ... ..+ . .L .L. ... Arabis breweri LLL L...... + ...... Arabis glabra ..U ... . .U UUC .LU ... Aralia californica . .L ... . .+ . .L .LL --- CCC CCC .+U CCC CCC --- Arceuthobium occidentale R.. u.. U.. CCC CCC CCC Arctostaphylos glandulosa CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC ... . .C ... .UC .UC ... CCC

Arctos taphylos hooveri RUU ------ ...... U ...... CCC Arenaria douglasii UU . . .U UUU UUU UUU ... Arenaria macrophylla ... .* ... U...... Argemone munita .R. ... .R+ ...... U Arnica discoidea .R...... U.. ..U ... Artemisia douglasiana . .L ... .LL LLL .LL ... Artemisia dracunculus ...... U mu ..L ..U Asclevias californica uuu ... UU. ... UU . UUU Asclepias eriocarpa ...... U.C CCC .U. ... Asclepias fascicularis ... .., . .U R.R ... ..+ carlatta-halliae ------... .+. ------LL. ... Astragalus clevelandii ------.+. As tragalus gambelianus ...... uc ... ..U Astragalus purshii ------uu+ Athysanus pusillus ...... R UUC ... .U. Avena barbata * .U...... U UUC ... ..C Avena fatua * UCC ..U .UC CCC . .C .uc Barbarea orthoceras ...... LL ..L ... dictyota ...... + ...... UUU Berula erecta ...... LL .L. ... crocea ..U ... ..C ..C . .U UUU Boschniakia strobilacea ...... UUU Brickellia californica .LL ... ..L ..L ...... Brodiaea lutea ... . .L ... UCC .uu ... Bradiaea pulchella UUC R.U .UC CCC UW ..C arenarius * ...... UC ... .UC Bromus carinatuslmarginatus UUU U.U .UC UUC UUC .UU Bromus diandrus * UUC .UU . .C UCC .UU .UC

Bromus grandisllaevipes UUC ..U .uc CCC UCC .U. Bromus mollis * UCC ... .UC CCC .uc .uc R...... CU+ .UC ... Bromus pseudolaevipes ...... UR ...... Bromus rubens * UUU RUU .UC UUC .w .UC Bromus tectorum * UU. UUU U.U U.U .UU U.. Ven. Jun. San Cone Doub . Serra Chews Pine Benito Peak Cone Peak Ridge Ridge Mtn. Species 123 123 123 123 123 123

Calamagrostis rubescens ...... L .L. ... Calandrinia ciliata ...... UC ...... albus ..L . .+ UCC .CU ... Calochortus invenustus ------L .+ UU. UU. Calochortus splendens ... ..C UUC ...... Calochortus venustus ...... RUC Calvcadenia truncata ...... UUU ...... Calyptridium monandrum ... .R. . .U ...... Calyptridium parryi ... ..+ R.. ... LU. Calystegia malacophylla ... .UU UUU UUU .UU

Camissonia benitensis ------.U+ Camissonia cantorta ..+ ... UUC ... . .+ Camissonia graciliflora ...... RU ...... Camissonia hirtella .U. .UU UUU ... .+U Camissonia ignota ...... UU ...... Camissonia luciae ...... UU ...... Camissonia micrantha ... .UU ..U ...... Capsella bursa-pas taris * ...... RU ...... Carex alma ... L .+ .LL ...... Carex bolanderi ...... L .L. ... Carex globasa UUU .U. ... .+U .UC .., Carex multicaulis UUU R.U +. . UU+ UUU .,. Carex serratodens ...... + .LL .L. .L. Carex subfusca . .+ ... . .+ .++ ...... Castilleja foliolasa ..U ... R .U . .U .R. ...

Cas tilleja miniata ------LLL Castilleja martinii UU. UUU UUU UC . .U. .UU Castilleja stenantha ..+ ... ..+ ... .L. ... cuneatus/ramulo~;us . .U UCC .UC ..C . .C CCC ------+. . ------

Ceanothus integerrimus UUU ... CCC CUU .UU RRU UUC .UU .,. .UU UUC --- UUU .UU ... UUU .UC --- Centaurea melitensis * .R...... U ..U ... UUC Cerastium glomeratum * ...... U .RC . .U ... Cercocarpus hetuloides UUC ... .UC U UU ... UUC covillei LL . ... RL . .LL ...... Cheilanthes gracillima +...... +. --- Cheilanthes intertexta L+. LL . +. . L...... Chenopodium album * ...... R.U ... R.. Chimaphila menziesii UU. R...... --- pomeridianum . .U ... . .C UUC ..U ... Chorizanthe douglasii .UU ..U . .U UUU UU . ... Chorizanthe membranacea .U...... U .UU ...... Chorizanthe staticoides . .U ... .UU ..U ...... Chrysopsis villosa UUC ..C . .C uuc . .C . .+ Chrsysothomnus nauseosus RU . R.. ... U.+ ... CCC Cirsium californicum UUU .,. .UU UUU UUU .. , Cirsium prateanum ...... U ... .UU botrae ... ..U ... .UC .., -- - Ven. Jun. San Cone Doub. Serra Chews Pine Benito Peak Cone Peak Ridge Ridge Men. Species 123 123 123 123 123 123

Clarkia modes ta ...... U .+ ...... Clarkia purpurea ... . .U ... UCC ... .UU Clarkia rhombaidea .+...... R...... Clarkia unguiculata .UU ... . .C UCC ... ..C Clematis lasiantha .UU . .U .UU ..U ... . .U Clematis ligusticifolia ...... L . ..L .LL ... Collinsia childii ..+ ... +. . UUU .U. ... Collinsia heterovhvlla...... U ..U UUC ... ,.. grandiflora ...... ,.. UUU ...... Collomia heterophylla .UU . .U ... .U+ .UU ...

Corallorhiza maculata ...... UUU . .U --- Cordylanthus rigidus UUU UUU .UU UUU U.. UUU Corethrogyne filaginifolia ...... UUC ..U ... Cornus occidentalis ...... LL .. , ... Cryptantha clevelandii ... ..U ... U .U .U. ...

Cryptantha mariposae ------U.+ CrvDtantha*. muricata UUU .U. .ULI UUU ...... Cuscuta californica UU. .UU ... UUU .U. .UU Cycladenia humilis U.. --- U.. ------~~naglassumgrande ..U ...... UC ..U --- Cystopteris fragilis ...... UU .UU --- Datisca glomerata . .L ... ..+ .LL .LL ... Delphinium nudicaule .LL ...... + ...... Delphinium parryi .UU ... . .U U.U . .+ ..U Delphinium patens ...... + .UC .R. R.U

Dendromecon rigida .UU ... +UU ..+ ...... Dentaria integrifolia ...... C .R. UUU Deschampsia elongata ..L ... ..+ L .L ..L ... Dicentra chrysantha R.+ ... . .+ . .+ ... . .R Disporum hookeri ... ..U ... RU . .UU ---

Dryopteris arguta ..U . .L . .U .UU . .U --- Dudleya cymosa LLL L.. .LL ..L .LL ... Eburaphyton aus tinae ..+ . .R ...... RR --- Eleocharis acicularis ...... , L.. Eleocharis parishii ...... , L..

Elvmus alaucus UUC U .C .UC UCC UCC .UU Elymus triticoides ...... L ... .L. Emmenanthe penduliflora ...... R. . .U ... .R+ Epilabium minutum .U. .ULI ... U.U UU. .UU Epilabium paniculatum ...... U.C ... . .+ Epilobium watsonii ...... ,. .L. .L. ... Epipactis gigantea ...... L...... --- Equisetum laevigatum ..L ... .LL ..U .LL ... Equisetum telmateia ...... L .L . ... Eriastrum densifolium ...... UUU UUU ...... Erieeron- foliosus UU . ... .UU UUU ..U ... petrophilus LL . UU...... Eriodictyon californicum UUU .UU .UU U UU UUU .UU Eriodictyon tomentosum ..+ ... .UU UUU ... ..U cavilleanum ...... C. Ven. Sun. San Cone Doub. Serra Chews Pine Benita Peak Cone Peak Ridge Ridge Mtn. Species 123 123 123 123 123 123

Eriogonum davidsonii .U. .U. UU. CC. Eriogonum elongatum UUU ... .UU .UU ...... Eriogonum fasciculatum CCC UU. UUC UUU ... . .U Eriogonum gracile U.. UUU .U. CC . Eriogonum hirtiflorum .,. +...... Eriogonum nudum ..U . .U ..U UUU UUU Eriogonum saxatile L.. L.. L.. . .+ ... Eriogonum spergulinum ...... +...... Eriogonum umbellatum ------UU. CC. Eriophyllum confertiflorum CCC UUC UCC UUC UUC

Erodium cicutarium * .UU UCC .UC aristulatum ...... L.. Erysimum capitatum .U. UUU CCC Eschscholzia californica .UU UUC .UU Fes tuca rubra ... ---

Filago californicum ...... ;.U Filaga gallica * ... .U. ... Fremontodendron californicum ...... UUU Fritillaria falcata ------.+. Fritillaria lanceolata ... UU. ... Fritillaria viridea ------UUU Galium andrewsii ...... U ... UUU Galium angus tifolium UUU U.. UUU UUU ..U Galium aparine * ... ..U .RU UCC Galium californicum s. flaccidum UCC UUC ..U CCU Galium californicum s . luciense UUU RR. ------Galium clementis UUR uu . U.. ------Galium nuttallii UUC .U. .UC UUC .UC Garrya flavescens/congdoni UUU .u. RR. UUU heterozygum ...... UU. ...

Gilia achilleaefolia Gilia clivorum Gilia splendens uu. Gilia tenuiflora Gnaphalium beneolens

Gutierrezia bracteata ... Habenaria elegans RUU Haplopappus squarrosus LLL Helenium puberulum ... Hemitomes canges tum ... Hemizania paniculata ... 3 Heracleum maximum ... Hesperolinon disjunctum --- --- Heteromeles arbutifolia .UC

Hieracium albiflorum CU . U.. ... CCC Hieracium argutum ..U .UU .UU .UU Holodiscus discolor ...... R.. ... Holodiscus microphyllus U.. R...... Hordeum californicum ...... u ... Ven. Jun. San Cone Doub. Serra Chews Pine Benito Peak Cane Peak Ridge Ridge Mtn. Species 123 123 123 123 123 123 Hordeum glaucum * ...... U ... .UU Hulsea heterochroma .+. ... R.+ .R...... Hypericum. . formosum ...... LL ... .L. ... Juncus bufonius ..L ... ..U L.U ...... Juncus effusus ...... LL ...... Juncus patens ...... + L .L ...... Juncus rugulosus ...... L+ .LL ...... Juniperus californica ------.RU Kaeleria macrantha R...... UUC UUU .u. Lactuca serriola * ...... U . .U ... .R. Lathyrus vestitus uuu .UC .UU uuu .uu ... Layia discaidea ------UUU Lepechinia calycina ...... U+ WU .,. ... Lewisia rediviva ...... R.. Libocedrus decurrens RUL --- UUL --- CCU ccu

Lilium pardalinum . .L ... L...... L. ... Linanthus ambiguus ------... .UU Linanthus androsaceus UUU ... . .U CCC CC . .CC Linanthus androsaceus s. 11 ...... UU...... Linanthus ciliatus ...... UU ......

Linanthus liniflarus . .U ... . .U U.. .U. ... Linum lewisii ------... UUU Lithocarpus densiflorus CCC CCC . .+ CCC CCC --- Lithophragma. - affine ...... U.C . .U ..C Lithaphragma heterophylla . .U ..U . .U UUU .UU ..U

Lomatium dasycarpum. - ...... U . .C .u. .UU Lomatium macrocarpum ...... U.. UU. U.U Lonincera hispidula ... R...... --- Lonicera interrupta CCC UUU UUC uuc. .UU ... Lonicera subspicata ...... R ... .UC Latus argophyllus UUU U.. U .U UUU UU ... Latus crassifolius .UU UUU UUU UU. .U. ... Lotus grandiflorus .+. UUU Urn U.U ...... Lotus humistratus U...... U UUU UU . mu Lotus micranthus .UU . .U ..U .UC .U. ... Lotus oblangifolius ... .LL ..+ .L. ... Latus pursbianus ... ..U UUC .U. ... Lotus scoparius ..U UUU UUC .U. ... Latus strigosus ... .w UUC .U. ... Latus suhpinnatus ...... UC . . . .C Lupinus abramsii CCC UUU ... CCU UUU --- Lupinus albifrons ...... RRU . .+ ... UUU Lupinus bicolor .UU ... ..C .CC ...... Lupinus cervinus m UU. U.+ . .+ .R. --- Lupinus farmosus ... .,. ..U UUU U .U ... Lupinus hirsutissimus . .L .LL ..L ...... Lupinus nanus . .C . .C .CC ...... Madia elegans ..C +.C UCC U .U ... Madia exigua ... ..+ . .u .U. ... Madia gracilis ... ..C UUC .u. ... Ven. Jun. San Cane Daub. Serra Chews Pine Benito Peak Cone Peak Ridge Ridge Mtn. Species 123 123 123. 123 123 123 Madia madiaides ...... + .UU .U. ... Malacothrix floccifera ...... + . .U ... CCC Malacathrix saxatilis .L. ... .L...... Marah fabaceus .UU ..U .UC UUC .U. ..U Medicago polymorpha * ...... C .UU . . ..U Melica californica ...... U U.U ... .UU Melica geyeri ...... R.. ... --- Melica harfordiilaristata UUU . .U ... UU . .U. --- Melica imperfects UUU UUU .UU UUU .UU ..U Melica stricta ------.R. Melica torreyana ...... L.. -nracilenta ...... UU Mentzelia laevicaulis ...... U .U Mentzelia micrantha ...... UU . .U ...... Mentzelia pinetorum ...... ++ +...... Mentzelia veatchiana ...... R...... californicus ...... U .U. ... Microseris linearifalia ... ..U .UC .UC ... .UU Micros teris gracilis ...... UUC ... .UU Mimulus bifidus CCC UCC UCC CCC .CU --- Mimulus cardinalis ...... + .L...... Mimulus floribundus ... . .L LLL LLL .LL ... Mimulus fremontii ...... UU ... UUU Mimulus guttatus ...... LL LLL . .L LLL Mimulus pilosus ...... + ...... L.. Mimulus subsecundus UU. UUU +. . ... UU . ... Mollugo verticillata * ...... L.. Monardella benitensis ------CCC Monardella douglasii ------... UUU Monardella villosa UUU ..C CCC CCC UUU --- Montia perfoliata .UU .UU .UC UCC UUU .UU Montia spathulata ...... U.U .R. .UU Muhlenbergia asperifalia ------.LL mellita ...... U.U ...... Navarretia pubescens ------.UU Nemacladus secundiflorus ...... +...... Nemophila menziesii . .U ... ..C UUC . .U .U. Nemophila parviflora .ft ...... C ...... Nemophila pulchella ...... UC ...... Nicotiana attenuata ------+. . hoakeri ...... L...... Orobanche bulbosa . .R ... .R. ..R ...... Orobanche fasciculata . .R ...... RRU ... .U+ Orthocarpus purpurescens UUU ... . .C UUC UU . . .C Osmaronia cerasifarmis ...... RU ... --- Osmorhiza brachypoda ...... UUU .UU ... Osmorhiza chilensis . .U . .U .UU UUU UUU ... Parnassia palustris ...... + ...... LL Pedicularis densiflora CU...... C . .C . .U andrornedaefolia .RU ..U .uc .UU . .U ... Ven . Jun. San Cone Doub . Serra , Chews Pine Benito Peak Cone Peak Ridge Ridge Mtn. Species 123 123 123 123 123 123

Pellaea mucronata UUU UU. CCC UUC UU . ... breviflorus CCC UCC CCC CCC .CU . .U Penstemon centranthifolius CCC ..C CCC CCC ... . .C Pensteman corymbosus LL. LL...... f .R. ... Penstemon grinnellii ...... UU. ... RR . Pens temon heterophyllus UUU ... . .U UUU . .U .U. brachyloba ...... U. R.U ...... Phacelia curvipes ...... +...... Phacelia distis ...... RU ... ..+ Phacelia divaricata ------.U.

Phacelia douglasii UUU ... ..U .UU .U. ... Phacelia egena/imbricata UUU .UU .UU UUU UUU mu Phacelia grisea .R. .RR ..+ ...... Phacelia malvaefolia UUU UU . ... .UU ...... Phacelia ramosissima ...... UUU ...... Phoradendron j uniperinum ... --- ... --- ... UUU Phoradendron villosum UUU ... .UU .UU ..R UUU Pinus attenuata .UC ... ..U ------Pinus coulteri CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC Pinus jeffreyi ------R-- --- mu

Pinus lamhertiana CCC --- CU. ------Pinus ponderosa .UC .U. --- RUU CCC --- Pinus sabiniana ------. .C ------UCC Pityragramma triangularis UUU ..U . .C RUC UUU ... Plagiabathrys nothofulvus ..U ...... UC ...... Poa annua * ...... L L .U ...... Poa howellii ... R...... Poa scabrella UUU .UU . .C UUC UUU .UU Palygala californica ...... UU --- Polypodium californicum LLL .L. ..L .LL .L. --- Polypogon monspeliensis * ...... LLL ...... Polystichum munitum UUC UCC m mu UUU --- Potentilla glandulosa ..U ..U U.U UUU .UU ... Prunus emarginata UU ...... + .R. ... Prunus virginiana ...... L UUU ..L +.

Psoralea californica --. ------UUU Psoralea macros tachya ..L ... .L . .LL .LL ... Psoralea orbicularis ...... + .LL .L. .,. Psoralea physodes ... . .L ..+ UUU .R. ... Pteridium aquilinum UUU .UU UUU CCC UUC ---

Pterostegia drymarioides ... . .U .UU .UU ...... Pyrola picta ...... +...... --- ..C ..C ..C .UC . .U ... Quercus chrysolepis CCC CCC CCC CCC CCC RUU ..U -- ..C ..C ..U .UC

Quercus durata ------CCC Quercus kelloggii ..C .U. ..R UCC .CC --- Quercus lobata ..U --- ..C CCC --- . .C Quercus turbinella/dumosa . .U --- .UC ..U --- .UC Quercus wislizenii .CC .CC CCC CCC CCC . .U Ven. Sun. San Cone DO&. Serra Chews Pine Benito Peak Cone Peak Ridge Ridge Mtn. Species 123 123 123 123 123 123

Raillardella (muirii?) --- R.. ------Rafinesquia californica ...... R. . .U ...... Ranunculus califarnicus ...... C UUC . .U . .U Ranunculus hebecarpus ...... U .UU ...... Rhamnus californica CCC UUU CCC CCC CCC UUC Rhamnus crocea UUU RU. UCC UUC .UC UUU Rhus diversiloba UCC .UC .UC UCC UCC RUC Ribes roezlii ...... U.. UR. .RL --- Rigiopappus leptocladus ...... UU .U. ... Rosa califarnica ..L ... . .L .LL .LL ... Rubus parviflorus . .L ..L ...... R. --- Rubus ursinus . .L . .L .LL .LL .LL ... Rumex acetosella * ...... U U.U ..U ... Rumex conglameratus * ...... U.U ...... Rumex salicifolius ...... R.L ...... Salix breweri ------LLL Salix sp. . .L ... .RL .RL . .L ..L Salvia colmbariae UUU . .U .UU UUU ... ..U Sambucus mexicana UUU .UU UUU UUU UUU ... Sanicula crassicaulis ..U . .C .UC UUC .UU ... Sanicula graveolens ...... RR . --- Satureja mimuloides . .+ ,.. .L+ . .L ...... Scir~usmicrocar~us ...... L .L. ... Sedu; spathulifoiium . .+ LL ...... Selaginella bigelavii LLL LLL ..L LLL LL . ... Silene gallica * ... . . , . .U .UC .U. ... Silene lemmonii ...... U.+ UU. UUU ... Silene verecunda ...... + R.R .R. R.U Sisyrinchium bellum ...... U . .C ... LLL Sitanion hystrix ...... +...... R. UUU Sitanion jubatum UU. . .U . .U CCC UUU UUU Solanum u@elliferum .UU .U. UU. UUC ... . .U Solidago californica UW UUU .UU UUU .W ... Solidago guiradonis ------LLL Stachys bullata ..U ..U .UC UCC .U. ... Stachys pycnantha ..L ... .L+ .LL . .L .L. Stellaria media * ...... U .UU . .U ... Stellaria nitens ...... U ... .UU Stephanomeria elata ..U ...... U...... Stephanomeria virgata .U...... U .UU ... ..U Stipa cernua ...... + ..U ... .UU Stipa coronata LLL ... .LL .LL ...... Streptanthus brewerii ------.+. Streptanthus glandulosus ..+ ...... UUU UU . ... Streptanthus insignis ------.+U Streptanthus tortuosus LL. U...... -- Stylocline gnaphalioides ...... U .U. ... Symphoricarpos mollis RR. . .U . .U WU .UU ... hartwegii . .U ... UUU UUU .U. ... Thelypodium 1asiophyLlm ... .R. .U. . .U ...... Ven. Jun. S an Cane Doub . Serra Chews Pine Benito Peak Cane Peak Ridge Ridge Mtn. Species 123 123 123 123 123 123

Thermopsis macrophylla ..L . .U ... R.U CCC ... Thysanocarpus curvipes ..U ... . .U UCC ... ..C Thysanocarpus laciniatus ...... R. . .U ...... Trichos tema lanatum .UU ... .UU . .U ...... Trichostema rubisepalum ------.LL

Trifolium albopurpureum .U...... U UUC .U. ... Trifolium cilialatum ...... UU .U. ... Trifolium gracilentum ...... C .UC ...... Trifolium microcephalum .U...... C .UC .U. ... Trifolium tridentatum ...... U UUC .U. ... Trifolium variegatum .U...... U UUC ...... Triodanis biflora ...... U ... L.. californica CCC .CC UUU CCC CCC --- Urtica holasericea ...... LL .LL ... Urtica urens * ...... +.U ......

Verbena lasiostachys ...... U UUU ... ..U Vicia americana ...... UUU ...... Viola purpurea ssp. mohavensis ------L.. UU. UU. Viola purpurea ssp. purpurea ...... UR...... --- Viola quercetorum mu ... ..C UUU UUU UUU

Vulpia bromoides * u.+ ...... UUU ... . .C Vulpia microstachys UU+ UUU . .U UUU UU . mu UU . UUU . .C UUC .U. .UC woohwardia fimbriata . .L ... LLL .LL .LL --- Wyethia helenioides ...... UUU ......

Yucca whi~~lei. . UUC UUU UCC CCC UUC .UC Zauschneria califarnica UUU .UU U .U UCC . .U ..C Zigadenus f remontii .,...... U UUU ... Zigadenus venenosus ...... + ...... LL Plants of the Study Peaks laeve, but other plants in the same popula- tion may have long awns and pubescent nodes; few local plants have consistently short awns. The ,study peaks are near the northern ~biesbracteata D. Don, bristlecone fir or limit far this species in the Coast Ranges. i Santa Lucia fir (Pimceae) . Evergreen tree, conspicuous on fire re- Aqropyron trachycaulon (Link) Malte, slender sistant habitats. The Griffin and Critch- wheatgrass (Grmineae). field (1972) distribution map omitted a small stand on the north slope of Juniper0 Perennial grass, commn along the Serra Peak. Talley (1974) has conducted a serpentine creeks of San Benita Mountain. detailed study of the ecology of this fir. This grass has not been reported from SANTA LUCIA RANGE ENDEMIC. Monterey County, at least not under this name; it might be present on serpentine, far Acer macrophyllum Pursh, bigleaf maple it appears to grow on serpentine in San Luis (Aceraceae) . Obispo County (Hoover 1970) and San Mateo County (Thomas 1961). tree, mostly riparian, but at all elevations scattered maples grow in Agrostis exarata Trin., spike bent shady ravines without any surface water. (Gramineae) . Achillea borealis Bong. ssp. californica Perennial bunchgrass, local in wet (Pollard) Keck, yarrow (Compositae) . spots; the two local varieties may be partially separated geographically: (1) Perennial herb, scattered in parts of var. exarata without awns, noticed only on the open forest and savanna. On San Benito Chews Ridge; (2) var. pcifica Vasey with Mountain yarrow grows abundantly in the conspicuous awns, more widely distributed, creeks, less commonly on the dry serpentine particularly at lower elevations. uplands. Aira caryophyllea L., silver hairgrass Adenostoma fasciculatum H. & A., chamise (Gramineae) . (Rosaceae) . Small annual grass, minor weed in Evergreen, burl-forming , dominates grassland. INTRODUCED. the driest chaparral slopes, usually on south aspects. Allium burlewii A. Davids., Burlew onion (Amaryllidaeeae) . Agoseris grandiflora (Nutt.) Greene, large- ( flowered agoseris (Compositae) , not reported in the Santa Lucia . Range until 1972, when Steven Talley found Perennial herb, scattered in open it on a talus slope within the sugar pine forest and savanna. forest on Cane Peak. Raven (1957) found the northern-most outpost of this southern Agoseris heterophylla (Nutt.) Greene, and mountain dandelion (Compositae). species on San Benito Mountain. DISJUNCT, Annual herb, in savanna and grassland. next population to south is in the Sierra Madre, Santa Barbara County. 31 Ayoseris retrorsa (Benth.) Greene, spear- leaved agoseris (Compositae) . Allium campanulaturn Wats., Sierra onion (Amazyllidaceae) Perennial herb, scattered in open . forest and savanna, less common than Bulb, locally common on serpentine out- A. grandiflora. crops on Chews Ridge and Pine Ridge but not confined to serpentine. DISJUNCT, next Agropyron parishii Scribn. & Sm., Parish population to south in the Sierra Madre, wheatgrass (Grmineae). Santa Barbara County. 21 Perennial bunchgrass, widely scattered in open forest, locally abundant on edges of the Chews Ridge savanna. As Hoover 31 Smith, Clifton. 1974. A flora of (1970) suggested, var. laeve Scribn. & Sm. the Santa Barbara Region. (Unpublished is not a useful taxon locally; many plants report on file, Santa Barbara Museum of with long awns and glabrous nodes fit var. Natural History, Calif .) . Allium fimbriatum Wats. var. diabolense serpentine wet spots in the south Coast Ownbey & Aase, fringed onion Ranges (Hoover 1970, Sharsmith 1945, (AmarylZidaceae) . Thomas 1961), but not yet reported for the northern Santa Lucias. Bulb, locally common an serpentine on San Benito Mountain, present on lower ele- Aguilegia formsa Fisch., crimson columbine vation serpentine in the Santa Lucias, but (RamncuZaceae) . not noticed an Pine Ridge serpentine. Perennial herb, local in non-serpentine Allophyllum divaricatum (Nutt.) A. & V. wet spots. Two varieties are reported in Grant, (Pozemoniaceae) . Monterey County, the Pine Ridge plants are viscid pubescent and fit var. hypolasia Annual herb, rare above 1200 m in dis- (Greene) Munz. (Howitt and Howell 1973). turbed spots. Arabis breweri Wats. var. breweri, Brewer Allophyllum gilioides Benth.) A. & V. Grant, rockcress (Cruciferae). straggling-gilia (Potemoniaceae) . Low perennial herb, local on rock out- Annual herb, uncommon in disturbed crops. spots. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh., tower mustard Alnus rhombifolia Nutt., white alder (Cruciferae) . (BetuZaceae) . Tall biennial herb, scattered in lower ~eciduoustree, important riparian tree elevation grassland, but above 1200 m is at lower elevations but uncommon along uncommon in seasonally wet, open spots. creeks above 1200 m. Aralia californica Watson, elk clover Amelanchier pallida Greene, service (AmZiaceae) . (Rosaceae) . Tall perennial herb, local in springs Tall deciduous shrub, uncommon in and creeks. shady ravines or creek bottoms. Arbutus menziesii Pursh, madrone or Pacific Amsinckia intermedia F. & M., common fiddle- madrone () . neck () . Large evergreen tree, vigorous sprouter, Annual herb, very minor plant in the important dominant in the mixed evergreen grassland. forest. The fire-scarred remains of one huge individual on Chews Ridge appeared to have a Antirrhinum multiflorum Penn., sticky snap- dbh of about 3 m and an intact tree nearby dragon (Scrophuzariaceae). was 152 cm in dbh. Tall short-lived perennial, widely scattered in disturbed spots in the Arceuthobium occidentale Engelm., Digger chaparral but never common. pine dwarf mistletoe (Viscaceae). Shoot parasite on pines, locally commn Apocynum pumilum (Gray) Greene, dogbane on Coulter and Digger pines throughout the (Apocynaceae) . south Coast Ranges; A. occidentale, which is Perennial herb, not reported in closely related to A. campylopodum Engelm., Monterey County until 1972, when I found it does not usually infect ponderosa pines in open pine forests an Chews Ridge, Pine (Hawksworth and Wiens 1972). But some Ridge, and Little Pines, probably scattered ponderosa pines on Pine Ridge are infected elsewhere in the Santa Lucias in pine with A. occidentale, which is common on forests. Rare elsewhere in the south adjacent Coulter pines (personal correspond- Coast Ranges (Hoover 1970, Thomas 1961). ence with F. G. Hawksworth, Feb. 22, 1974). The same situation may exist on San Benito Aguilegia eximia Van Hautte, Van Houtte Mountain where a few Jeffrey pines are columbine (Ranunculaceae) . infected with a dwarf mistletoe similar to that an the adjacent Coulter and Digger Perennial herb, common on all the San pines. A. campylopodum (as recognized by Benito Mountain creeks, scattered on Hawksworth and Wiens 1972) has not been colonies, conspicuous on San Benito Mountain reported in the south Coast Ranges; they serpentine. This variable manzanita is un- consider the A. campylopodum of Howitt and common in the south Coast Ranges and appears Howell (1964) to be A. occldentale. in mare typical form south of San Diego. i There are suggestions of hybridization i ~rctostaphylosglandulosa Eastw., Eastwood between A. pungens and A. glauca on San manzanita (Ericaceae). Benito Mountain. Burl-forming evergreen shrub, important Arenaria douglasii Frenzl., Douglas sandwort in the chaparral, dominant over Adenostoma (CaryophyZZaceae). an the highest ridges. This shrub is extremely difficult to classify taxonomically Annual herb, scattered in forest open- (McMinn 1939). At low elevations, as near ings, locally common on serpentine. the Hastings Reservation, the A. glandulosa complex may not be clearly isolated from the Arenaria macrophylla Hook., large-leaved more coastal A. tomentosa(Pursh) Lindl. sandwort (CaryophyZZaceae) . complex, and a few shrubs on Chews Ridge may Low perennial herb, rare on the study show this A. tomentosa influence. Within peaks. Uncommon elsewhere in the south A. glandulosa many taxa have been described Coast Ranges (Bowerman 1944, Sharsmith 1945, which seem to have little geographic or Thomas 1961). ecological significance an the study peaks. Plants with glandular twigs and inflores- Argemone munita Dur. & Hilg., prickly poppy cences approach var. glandulosa, plants with (). only glandular approach var. Annual herb, uncommon in disturbed howellil (Eastw.) Adams, and the mostly non- spots. -glandular Dlants aDDraach.. var. cushingiana (Eastw.) Adams. The nonglandular, somewhat Arnica discoidea Benth., rayless arnica canescent, plants were mapped as A. canescens (Compositae) Eastw. by the Vegetation Type Map Survey . (Critchf ield 1971) . No recognizable A. Perennial herb, scattered in forest and glandulosa shrubs were seen on San Benito chaparral on the summit of Chews Ridge; the Mountain, but it might be part of difficult study peak plants do not seem to differ much manzanita problems there. from the coastal plants called var. alata (Rydb .) Cronquist. Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl., bigberry manzanita (Ericaceae). Artemisia douglasiana Bess., California mugwart (Compositae) Tall nonsprouting evergreen shrub, . i i scattered in the low elevation chaparral of Large perennial herb, often riparian the Santa Lucias, very conspicuous in or near dry stream beds, but may be scat- chaparral on serpentine in the Diablo tered far from any seasonally wet spots as Range at all elevations; most plants on the in the Chews Ridge savanna. study peaks appeared to be var. puberula J. T. Howell. Artemisia dracunculus L., dragon sagewort (Compositae) . Arctostaphylos hooveri Wells (Ericaceae). Large perennial herb, distribution simi- Tall nonsprauting evergreen shrub, lar to A. douglasiana. scattered in forest and chaparral south of Cone Peak, but a few highly variable indi- Asclepias californica Greene var. greenei viduals grow near the Gamboa trail summit Woadsan, round-hooded milkweed north of Cone Peak. They may be near the (AscZepiadaceae) . northern limit for this SANTA LUCIA RANGE Prostrate perennial herb, uncommon on ENDEMIC. open rocky spots or talus slopes. This southern Sierra Nevada and southern Cali- Arctostaphylos pungens HBK., Mexican fornia species is uncommon in the south manzanita (Ericaceae). Coast Ranges (Bowerman 1944, Hoover 1970, Evergreen shrub, nonhurl-forming, hut Sharsmith 1945). the branches readily layer,forming large Asclepias eriocarpa Benth., Indian milkweed Athysanus pusillus (Hook.) Greene, sandweed (AscZepiadaceae) . (Cruciferae) . Perennial herb, scattered in grassland Small annual herb, minor plant in at lower elevations, uncommon above 1200 m, grassland. one colony under the sugar pine forest on the summit of Junipero Serra Peak. Avena barbata Brot., slender wild oat (Grmineae) . Asclepias fascicularis Dcne., narrow-leaved Annual grass, less common in grassland milkweed (Asclepiadaceae) . than A. fatua . INTRODUCED. Perennial herb, uncommon along dry creekbeds at lower elevation, rare on a ~venafatua L. wild oat (Gramineae). serpentine outcrop on Chews Ridge. Annual grass, important dominant in grassland. INTRODUCED. Asp~dotlscarlotta-halllae (W. 6 G.) Lellinger () . Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb., American winter- Small , one 1938 collection from cress (Cruciferae) . San Benito Mountain; either extremely rare Biennial herb, local in wet spots. there now or perhaps extinct in this locality. (Smith 1975). Berberis dictyota Jeps., Jepson barberry () Aspidotis densa (Brackenridge) Lellinger, . Indian dream (Pteridaceae). Evergreen sub-shrub, widely distributed in chaparral on San Benito Mountain but never Small fern, local on ultrabasic outcrops common. on Pine Ridge, uncommon'in the south Coast Ranges and usually confined to serpentine Berula erecta (Huds .) Cov., water-parsnip (Hoover 1970, Sharsmith 1945, Smith 1975) . (Umbelliferae) This species has been placed in three other . genera: Cheilanthes, , and Pellaea. Perennial herb, local in wet spots.

Astraqal us clevelandii Greene (Legwninosae) . Bloomeria crocea (Torr.) Cav. var. aurea (Kell.) Ingram, golden stars (AmaryZZidaceae) Perennial herb; Munz (1959) listed a riparian locality on serpentine at 1400 m Bulb, unimportant or absent above 1200 m near San Benito Mountain. DISJUNCT, mainly except for scattered plants on San Benita a serpentine endemic in Napa and Lake Mountain. Counties. Boschniakia strobilaceae Gray, California Astragalus qambelianus Sheld., dwarf loco- ground-cone (Orobanchaceae) . weed (Legminosue). Root parasite, probably on Arctostaphylos, Small annual herb, minor plant in widely distributed but never common in San grassland. Benito Mountain forests with a manzanita understory. Astraqalus purshii Dougl. var. tinctus Jones, woolly pod (Legwninosae) . Brickellia californica (T. & G:) Gray, California hrickelbush (Compos%tae). Prostrate perennial herb, uncommon on San Benito Mountain serpentine. Various Law evergreen shrub, local on rock out- forms of this species are widespread in dry crops or boulder piles. interior forests of the West, but it is rare in the south Coast Ranges. DISJUNCT, Brodiaea lutea (Lindl.) Mort., golden closest population mav be in upper.. Cuyama brodiaea (AmaryZZidaceae) . Valley, ~anta~arbara- County. 4/ ~~lb,unimportant in grassland.

Brodiaea pulchella (Salisb.) Greene, blue 41 Smith, Clifton. 1974. A flora of dicks (AmarylZidaceae) . the ~antaBarbara Region. (Unpublished Bulb, scattered in grassland and forest report on file, Santa Barbara Museum of openings. Natural History, Calif .) . Bromus arenarius Labill, Australian chess Bromus pseudolaevipes Wagnan (Grmineae). (Grmineae). Perennial grass; a few plants key out Annual grass, minor in grassland or to this species, but they seem to be an disturbed spots. INTRODUCED. integral part of the B. grandis complex.

Bromus carinatus H. & A., California brome Bromus rubens L . , red brome (Gmineae) . (Gmmineae) . Annual grass, scattered in the grass- Short-lived perennial grass, widely land. This is the only introduced annual scattered in open forests at lower eleva- that has any significant population an the tions, probably less common on the study San Benito Mountain serpentine. INTRODUCED. peaks than B. marginatus from which it may not be very clearly separated. Bromus tectorum L., cheat grass (Gmmineae).

Bromus diandrus Roth, ripgut brome Annual grass, widely distributed as a (Grmnineae). trail-side weed at higher elevations, not important in the grassland. The pubescent Annual grass, scattered in grassland. var. tectorum is more common than the smooth INTRODUCED. var. glabratus Spenner; the two varieties sometimes grow together. INTRODUCED. Bromus grandis (Shear) Hitch., tall brome (Gromineae) . Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl., pinegrass Tall perennial grass, widely distributed (Gmmineae) . in forest openings at all elevations, diffi- Perennial grass, local in wet spats. cult to distinguish from B. laevipes. Hoover (1970) commented on the unsatisfactory Calandrinia ciliata (R. & P.) DC. var. separation between the perennial bromes, menziesii (Hook.) Macbr., redmaids particularly B. grandis, B. laevipes, and (PortuZacaceae). B. pseudolaevipes . Annual herb, unimportant in grassland Bromus laevipes Shear, woodland brome above 1200 m. (Gramineae) . Calochortus albus Dougl., white globe-lily Tall perennial grass, probably more (LiZiaceae) . common at higher elevations than B. grandis. Bulb, scattered in open forests and Bromus marginatus Nees, mountain brome savanna; pink colors may be more conspicuous (Grmineae) . in the corollas of plants closer to the coast, but var. rubellus Greene seems to be Perennial grass, difficult to distin- a vague entity. guish from B. carinatus. Hoover (1970) assigned all the B. marginatus-like plants Calochortus invenustus Greene, plain mariposa in San Luis Obispo County to either B. () . carinatus or B. breviaristatus. The only brames on the study peaks hairy enough to Bulb, uncommon in chaparral and forest suggest B. breviaristatus were on San Benito on serpentine on San Benito Mountain and Pine Mountain. Ridge; the few plants on the summit of Chews Ridge seem to be on small serpentine outcrops. Bromus mollis L., soft chess (Grmineae). Uncommon elsewhere in the south Coast Ranges on serpentine (Sharsmith 1945); more common Annual grass, probably the most in the southern Sierra Nevada and southern important annual in the grassland. California. INTRODUCED. Calochortus splendens Dougl., lilac mariposa Bromus orcuttianus Vasey var. hallii Hitch. (LiZiaceae) . (Grmineae) . Bulb, scattered in open forest and Perennial grass, scattered in open savanna. portions of the more productive forests. Calochortus venustus Dougl., butterfly mari- Camissonia luciae Raven (Onagraceae). posa (LiZiaceae) . Annual herb, uncommon in rocky spots. Bulb, uncommon in chaparral and grass- (Raven 1969). land on San Benito Mountain serpentine. Camissonia micrantha Raven (Onagraoeae). truncata DC., rosinweed Annual herb, uncommon in disturbed spots. (Compositae) . The species related to C. micrantha are dif- Annual herb, scattered in grassland and ficult to distinguish in the field; C. savanna. intermedia Raven may have been overlooked or mistaken far C. micrantha or C. hirtella. Calyptridium monandrum Nutt., common (Raven 1969). calyptridium (Portuzacaceae). Capsella bursa-pastoris (L .) Medicus., Annual herb, rare in chaparral. shepherd's purse (Cruciferae) . Calyptridium parryi Gray (PortuZacaceae) . Annual herb, rare in grassland. INTRODUCED. Annual herb. rare in disturbed soots:. , the few plants collected on Chews Ridge did Carex alma Bailey (Cyperaceae). not seem to fit the south Coast Range var. hessae Thomas verv well. and the ~lants Perennial sedge, local in wet spots. around Spanish Lake (fig. 3) suggested the montane C. roseum Wats. Carex holanderi Olney (Cyperaceae) . Perennial sedge, local in wet spots. Calystegia malocophylla (Greene) Munz ssp. pedicellata (Jeps .) Munz (ConvoZvuZaceae) . Carew globosa Boott., round-fruited sedge Prostrate, perennial herb, scattered in (Cyperaceae) . rocky portions of the grassland and savanna. Perennial sedge, scattered in shady, rocky spots in forest. Camissonia benitensis Raven (Onagmceae) Small annual herb, scattered on several Carex multioaulis Bailey (Cyperaceae) . serpentine alluvial terraces on San Benito Perennial sedge, widely scattered in Mountain, listed as a rare and endangered the forest, not at all riparian. DISJUNCT, species by the California Native Plant next population to the north may be Howell Society (Powell 1974). It should receive Mountain, Napa County--to the south in the high priority for administrative protection. San Rafael Mountains, Santa Barbara SAN BENITO MOUNTAIN ENDEMIC. (Raven 1969). County. 21

Camissonia contorta (Dougl.) Kearney Carew serratodens W. Boott., bifid sedge (Onagmceae) . (Cyperaceae) . Small annual herb, unimportant in grass- Local in wet places. land above 1200 m. (Raven 1969). Carex subfusca W. Boott., rusty sedge Camissonia graciliflora (H. & A,) Raven (Cyperaceae) . (Onagraceae) . Perennial sedge, local in wet spots. Annual herb, rare in grassland above 1200 m. (Raven 1969). Castilleja foliolosa H. & A., woolly painted cup (ScropuZariaceae). Camissonia hirtella (Greene) Raven Evergreen sub-shrub, scattered in (Onoagraceae) . chaparral. Annual herb, scattered in disturbed spots in chaparral. (Raven 1969). 51 Smith, Clifton. 1974. A flora camissonia ignota (Jeps.) Raven (Onagraceae). of the Santa Barbara Region. (Unpublished Annual herb, uncommon in rocky spots in report on file, Santa Barbara Museum of chaparral and grassland. (Raven 1969). Natural History, Calif.). Castilleja miniata Dougl., great red paint- Ceanothus papillosus T. & G. var. papillosus brush (ScrophuZariaceae) . wartleaf ceanothus. (). Perennial herb, conspicuous along all Evergreen shrub, widely scattered in i San Benito Mountain serpentine creeks. Rare the chaparral. elsewhere in the south Coast Ranges, next report to the north is an extinct stand at Ceanothus ramulosus (Greene) McMinn, coast Russ Gardens marsh, San Francisco (Thomas ceanothus (Rhormzaceae) . 1961)--to the south on the Ocean0 sand Nonsprouting evergreen shrub; this dunes, San Luis Obisqo County (Hoover 1970). vigorous, large-leaved, pale-blue-flowered shrub seems to he a coastal form of the more Castilleja martinii Abrams, Indian paintbrush interior white-flowered C. cuneatus. Hoover (ScrophuZariaceae) . (1970) treated C. ramulosus as a color form Perennial herb, widely distributed in of C. cuneatus, but the Monterey County the more open forest and savanna. (Howitt c. ramulosus seems to have same geographic and Howell 1973). separation from C. cuneatus.

Castilleja stenantha Gray, large-flowered Ceanothus sorediatus (see C. oliganthus) Indian paintbrush (ScrophuZariaceae). Centaurea melitensis L , Tocalote (Compositae) Annual herb, local in wet spots. . . Annual herb, minor weed in grassland. (Hook.) Nutt., buckbrush INTRODUCED. (Rhmceae) . Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., mouse-ear chick- Nonsprouting evergreen shrub, common in weed (CaryophyZZaceae) . the more interior chaparral. This small- Annual herb, unimportant in grassland. leaved, white-flowered shrub is not very INTRODUCED. clearly separated from C. ramulosus.

Ceanothus foliosus Parry var. medius McMinn, Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt., California mountain-mahogany (Rosaeeae) wavyleaf ceanothus (Rhamnaceae). . Sprouting evergreen shrub or small tree, Nonsprouting evergreen shrub, uncommon widely scattered in the chaparral but in chaparral of south Coast Ranges (Hoover seldom dominant. Hoover (1970) treated all 1970, Thomas 1961); the only report from the the southern Santa Lucia Range shrubs as study peaks was by McMinn (1939) on the part of three var. of C. mntanus Raf. or as summit of Chews Ridge. I have not been minutiflorus Abrams. All the shrubs able to find the Chews Ridge shrubs. c. examined on the study peaks seemed to fit into a single species. H. & A., deerbrush (Rhanmnceae) . Cheilanthes covillei Maxon, Coville lip-fern Sprouting deciduous shrub, widely dis- (Pteridaceae) . tributed in the forest and the more mesic Small fern, local on rock outcrops, un- portions of the chaparral. common in south Coast Ranges (Hoover 1970). Ceanothus oliganthus Nutt., hairy ceanothus Cheilanthes gracillima D. C. Eaton, lace- (Rhanmnceae) . fern (Pteridaceae) . Evergreen shrub, difficult to distin- Small fern, local on rock outcrops. Un- guish the southern California C. oliganthus common in south Coast Ranges (Sharsmith from the C. sorediatus. 1945); the Santa Lucias are the southern There seems to be no real difference between limit in the Coast Ranges. Monterey County plants that have been identified as either species. Hoover (1970) treated C. sorediatus as a var. of C. 01 iganthus. Cheilanthes intertexta (Maxon) Maxon, small serpentine outcrops. Uncommon else- coastal lip-fern (Pteridaceae). where in the south Coast Ranges-. (Sharsmith 1945). Small fern, local on rock outcrops. 2. Ssp. albicaulis (Nutt.) Hall & Clem. Uncommon in the south Coast Ranges (Bowerman This form with tomentose twigs is rare in 1944, Sharsmith 1945, Thomas 1961); it is widely separated rocky spots, sometimes on difficult to separate some specimens of serpentine as on Pine Ridge. Not previously this species from C. covillei. reported for the south Coast Ranges.

Chenopdim album L., white pigweed Cirsim californicum Gray, Bigelow thistle (Chenopodiaceae). (Compositue) . Annual herh, rare weed in disturbed Tall annual or biennial herb, scattered spots. INTRODUCED. in open forest and savanna.

Chimphila menziesii (R. Br.) Spreng., Cirsium proteanum J. T. Howell, red thistle western pipsissiwa (PyroZaceae). (Compositue) . Uncommon in rocky spots in forest. Tall annual or biennial herb, scattered DISJUNCT, next population to the north may in lower elevation or more interior habitats be in Napa County--to the south in the San than C. californicum. Gabriels, County. Clarkia bottae (Spach) Lewis & Lewis, hill Chlorogal um pomeridianum (DC .) Kunth, soap- clarkia (Onagmceae). root (LiZiaceae) . Annual herb, scattered in grassland and Bulb, scattered in grassland. savanna.

Chorizanthe douglasii Benth., Douglas spine- Clarkia modesta Jeps., modest clarkia (PoZygonaceae) . (Onagraceae) . Annual herb, scattered in grassland, Annual herb, uncommon in savanna. particularly in bare spots or disturbed areas as along trails. Clarkia purpurea (Curt .) Nels. & Macbr. ssp. quadrivulnera (Dougl .) Lewis & Lewis Chorizanthe munbranacea Benth., pink spine- (Onagmceae) . flower (PoZygonaeeae) . Annual herb, widely scattered in grass- Annual herh, scattered in grassland. land and savanna.

Chorizanthe staticoides Benth., Turkish Clarkia rhomboidea Dougl. (Onagmceae). rugging (PoZygonaceae). Annual herb, rare in savanna. Annual herb, uncommon in disturbed or open spots. Clarkia unguiculata Lindl., canyon clarkia (Onagraceae) . Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt., hairy golden-aster (Compositae) . Annual herb, widely scattered in open forest and savanna. Perennial herh, scattered in rocky portions of grassland and savanna. Clematis lasiantha Nutt., pipestem (RanuncuZaceae). Chrysothamr~usnriuseosus (Pall.) Rrirran, rabbicbrush (Composiure) . Deciduous woody vine, scattered in chaparral. Shrub, partly leafless by late summer, two distinct forms on the study peaks: Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt., Yerba de 1. Ssp. mhavensis Hall & Clem. This Chivata. (RanucuZaceae) . form with glandular twigs is common in open spats on the San Benito Mountain serpentine, Deciduous woody vine, local in canyon on Chews Ridge it is locally common in bottoms and riparian habitats. savanna along the summit on, or near, the Collinsia childii Parry, Child blue-eyed- cuscuta californica H. & A., California nary (ScrophuZariaceae) . dodder (Cuscutuceae) . Annual herb, scattered in forest. Parasitic herbaceous vine, widely scattered on a variety of hosts: other Collinsia heterophylla Buist., Chinese- species of dodder may have been confused houses (Scrophulariaceae) . with this species or overlooked. ,. Annual herb, scattered in savanna. Cycladenia humilis Benth. var. venusta (Eastw.) Woodson (Apocynaceae) Collomia grandiflora Dougl., large-flowered . collomia () . Low perennial herb; one colony on the summit of Junipero Serra Peak (the type Annual herb, scattered in savanna. locality for this var.) and three tiny colonies around the head of South Devils Collomia heterophylla Dougl., varied-leaved Canyon on Cone Peak are known in the Santa collamia (Polemoniaceae) . Lucias. DISJUNCT, closest population of Annual herb, scattered in forest var. humilis to the north is in Napa County-- to the south the closest record of this Corallorhiza maculata Raf., spotted coral southern California var. venusta is in the root (Orchidaceae). upper Cuyama Valley, Ventura County. 61 Saprophytic herb, scattered from Chews Cynoglossum grande Dougl., western hounds- Ridge to Pine Ridge under the densest forest, tongue (Boraginaceae). seems to be missing from many "promising" mesic forest habitats in the Santa Lucias, Perennial herb, unimportant in forest next population to the south or southeast above 1200 m. probably in Kern County (Twisselmann 1967). Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., brittle Cordylanthus rigidus (Benth.) Jeps., birds fern (Aspidiaceae) . beak (Scrophulariaceae). Small fern, local on shady rock out- Annual herb, widely scattered in open crops. rocky spots, sometimes as a trail-side weed. Datisca glomerata (Presl) Baill., Durango corethrogyne filaginifolia (H. & A.) Nutt., root (Datiscaceae) . common carethrogyne (Compositae) . Tall perennial herb, local in wet spots. Perennial herb, scattered in grassland i and savanna. Delphinium nudicaule T. & G., red larkspur (RanuncuZaceae) . Cornus occidentalis (T. & G.) Cov., western Perennial herb, local in shady, rocky creek dogwood (Cornaceae) . spots with some wet spots. Large deciduous shrub, rare in wet spots above 1200 m. Delphinium parryi Gray, Parry larkspur (RanuncuZaceae) . Cryptantha clevelandii Greene var. florosa Perennial herb, scattered in forest Jtn. (Boraginaceae) . and savanna. Annual herb. Delphinium patens Benth., coast larkspur Cryptantha mariposae Jtn. (Boraginaceae). (RanuncuZaceae) . Annual herb, uncommon on San Benita Perennial herb, unimportant in forest Mountain serpentine. and savanna above 1200 m.

Cryptantha muricata (H. & A.) Nels. h Macbr. var. jonesii (Gray) Jtn., (Boraginaceae) . 61 Smith, Clifton. 1974. A flora of the Santa Barbara Region. (Unpublished Annual herb, scattered in open and report an file, Santa Barbara Museum of disturbed spots. Natural History, Calif.). Dendromecon r~gidaBenth., bush POPPY Eleocharis parishii Britt. (Cyperaceae). (Papavemceae) . Perennial herb, abundant in Spanish Evergreen shrub, scattered in chaparral. Lake (fig. 3) . (Twisselmann 1967) .

Dentarza ~ntegrifollaNutt., milkmaids Elymus glaucus Buckl., western ryegrass (Cmcciferae) . (Gramineae) . Perennral herb. Var . cuneata (Greene) Tall perennial grass, widespread in the 3. T. Howell is scattered in the pine forest more open portions of the forest. A variable on San Benito Mountain. Var. slnuata species, the pubescent form ssp. jepsonii (Greene) is rare in creek on Pine Ridge. (Davy) Gould is not common. Howitt and Var. callfornica (Nutt,) Jepson is common Howell (1973) report one collection from in the mixed evergreen forest at lower Chews Ridge. Steven N. Talley made one elevations in the Santa Lucias but may not collection on Pine Ridge. Scattered plants reach 1200 m elevatxon. with short awns approach ssp. virescens (Piper) Gould, some small plants with mostly Deschampsla elongata (Hook.) Munra, slender one spikelet per node may be confused with hairgrass (Gmmineae) . Agropyron . Perennial grass, local in wet spots. Elymus triticoides Buckl., beardless wild Dicentra chrysantha (H. & A.) Walp., golden rye (Gramineae) . ear-drops (Fwriaceae) . Tall perennial grass, unimportant above Perennial herb, uncommon in widely 1200 m. separated rocky spots. Emmenanthe penduliflora Bench., whispering Disporum hookeri (Torr.) Nichols., fairy bells (HydrophyZZaceae) . bells (Litiaceae) . Annual herb, rare on study peaks, but Perennial herb, unimportant in forest after a fire or clearing this species might abave 1200 m. be conspicuous for 1 or 2 years, the San Benito Mountain plants appear to be var. Dryopteris arguta (Kaulf.) Maxon, coastal rosea Brand, which is usually confined to wood fern (Aspidiaceae). serpentine (Wicklow 1966). Perennial fern, unimportant in forest Epilobium minutum Lindl., minute -herb abave 1200 m. (Onagraceae) .

Dudleya cymosa (Lem.) Britt. & Rose ssp. Annual herb, uncommon in forest openings. minor (Rose) Moran, (CrassuZaceae). Epilobium paniculatum Nutt. ex T. & G., Succulent perennial herb, local on rock summer cottonweed (Onagraceae). outcrops; variable, more than one subspecies may be involved. Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m.

Eburophyton austinae (Gray) Heller, phantom Epilobium watsonii Barb. var. franciscanurn orchid (Orchidaceae). (Barb .) Jeps., coast cottanweed (Onagmceae) . Saprophytic herb, rare an the study Perennial herb, local in wet spots peaks, rare elsewhere in the south Coast Ranges (Thomas 1961), next population to Epipactis gigantea Dougl., stream orchid the south may be in the San Bernardino (Orchidaceae) . Mountains. Perennial herb, only noticed in a spring near Roosevelt Creek on Junipero Serra Peak. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. var. bella Piper, needle spikerush (Cyperaceae) . Equisetum laevigatum A. Br., California horse- Tiny annual herb, abundant in Spanish tail (Equisetaeeae). Lake (fig. 3), population seems to be the Perennial herb, local in wet spots. annual montane form of this widely distri- buted marsh species. Eguisetum telmateia Ehrhart, giant horse- Eriogonum gracile Benth., slender woolly buck- tail (Equisetaceae) . wheat (PoZygonaceae) . Perennial herb, local in wet spots. Annual herb, extremely variable popula- tions widely scattered in open spots. The I Erlastrum denslfolium (Benth.) Mason, many- i annual buckwheats associated with this and leaved eriastrum (PoZemoniaceae). related species in the subgenus Oregonium Perennial herb, scattered in chaparral, are very difficult to separate, qnd many the plants approach ssp. austromntanum specimens do not fit described taxa. (Craig) Mason, which is the most montane James L. Reveal (personal communication, form. The study peaks are near the northern Nov. 14, 1972, Oct. 16, 1973) called this limit far this southern California species. group the most difficult in the genus and suggested that at least one new species might Erigeron foliosus Nutt., leafy daisy be described from study peak material, the (Compositae) . San Benito Mountain populations are particu- larly confusing. Perennial herb, widely distributed in open habitats. Eriogonum hirtiflorum Gray, hairy-flowered buckwheat (PoZygonaceae) . Erigeron petrophilus Greene, rock daisy (Compositae) . Annual herb, not important above 1200 m. (Reveal 1970) . Low perennial herb, local on rock out- crops. Eriogonumnudum Dougl. var. indictum (Jeps.) Reveal (Pozygonaceae) . Eriodictyon californicum (H. & A.) Torr., Yerba Santa (HydrophyZZaceae) . Perennial herb, uncommon in rocky spots. Evergreen shrub, widely scattered in Eriogonum saxatile Wats., rock buckwheat disturbed spots in or near the chaparral. (Polygonaceae) . Eriodictyon tomentosum Benth., woolly Yerba Perennial herb, local on very rocky Santa (HydmphyZZaceae) . spots. Rare elsewhere in the south Coast Ranges (Hoover 1970, Sharsmith 1945, Thomas Evergreen shrub, scattered in disturbed 1961). spats, the study peaks are near the northern limit for this south Coast Range endemic. Eriogonum spergulinum Gray var. reddingianum (Jones) J. T. Howell (Pozygonaceae). Eriogonum covilleanum Eastw. (PoZygonaceae) . i Annual herb, not important above 1200 m. Annual herb, widely scattered in dis- turbed or open spots on San Benito Mountain Eriogonum umbellaturn Torr. var. bahiiforme serpentine. (Munz 1968). (T. & G.) Jeps., sulphur flower (PoZygonaceae) . Eriogonum davidsonii Greene (PoZygonaceae). Perennial herb, widely distributed on Annual herb, variable populations widely serpentine an San Benito Mountain (the type scattered in open spots. locality), not reported in the Santa Lucias until 1972, when Steven N. Talley noticed it Eriogonum elongatum Benth. var. elongatum on the Pine Ridge serpentine. The study long-stemmed buckwheat (Pozygonaceae) . peaks are near the southern limit for this Perennial herb, uncommon in rocky areas. serpentine endemic variety, which is uncommon elsewhere in the sauth Coast Ranges (Reveal Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. foliolosum 1970, Sharsmith 1945). (Nutt.) S. Stokes, California buckwheat (PoZygonaceae) . Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) Gray, golden-yarrow (Compositae) Evergreen sub-shrub or shrub, widely . distributed in open rocky habitats, one of Evergreen sub-shrub, widely distributed the few woody plants prominent in the .coastal in a variety of habitats. sage scrub that continues upwards in distri- bution to the tops of the highest ridges. Erodium cicutarium (L .) L 'Her., red-s temmed not been able to find any San Benito Mountain f ilaree (Geraniuceae) . plants or even any reports since Jepson's discovery. Listed as a rare and endangered Annual herb, minor in grassland. species by the California Native Plant INTRODUCED. Society (Powell 1974). DIABLO RANGE ENDEMIC.

Eryngium aristulatum Jeps., -thistle Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh., cbecker-lily (OmbeZZiferae) . (LiZiaceae) . Annual herb, vernal pool species common Bulb, uncommon in several forest in Spanish Lake (fig. 3) . habitats.

Erysimum capitatum (Dougl.) Greene, western Fritillaria viridea Kell. (LiZiaceae) . wall flower (Cmrciferae) . Bulb, widely scattered on San Benito Perennial herb, widely scattered in Mountain serpentine (the type locality). The rocky spots but never common. plant also occurs on some Santa Lucia Range serpentine habitats and should be looked for Eschscholzia californica Cham. California an Pine Ridge. Munz (1959) included this poppy (Papaveraceae) . species with F. lanceolata. Annual or perennial herb, minor in grass- land. Galium andrewsii Gray, phlox-leaved bedstraw (Rubiaceae) . Festuca rubra L., red fescue (Gramineae) Low perennial herb; the glabrous diploid Perennial grass, rare in wet spots. (n=ll) form, ssp. andrewsii is scattered in widely separated parts of both Diablo and Festuca (see Vulpia for annual species) Santa Lucia Ranges. All the specimens I col- lected from the San Benito Mountain serpentine Filago californica Nutt . , California cotton- were the variable pubescent octoploid (n=44) rose (Compositae) . form, ssp. gatense (Demp.) Demp. & Steb. (Dempster and Stebbins 1968). Annual herb, unimportant in grassland above 1200 m. Galium angustifolium Nutt. ssp. angustifolium (Rubiaceae) . Filago gallica L., narrow-leaved filaga (Compositae) . Suffrutescent perennial, scattered on rocky south exposures. The study peaks are Annual herb, unimportant in grassland near the northern limit for this southern above 1200 a. INTRODUCED. California species (Dempster and Stebbins 1971) . Fremntodendron californicum Cov., flannel bush (Sterculiaceae) . Galium aparine L., goose-grass (Rubiaceae). Evergreen shrub, uncommon in the south Annual herb, scattered under dense hard- Coast Range chaparral (Hoover 1970, Thomas wood forests. INTRODUCED. 1961). A colony in upper East San Carlos Creek canyon on San Benito Mountain Galium californicum H. & A., California approaches ssp. crassifolium (Eastw.) Munz bedstraw (Rubiaceae) . in form; the Santa Lucia Range shrubs, Perennial herb, an extremely variable including those at the western base of species complex in the Santa Lucias Junipero Snrra Peak, were referred to ssp. (Dempster and Stebbins 1968); at least two obispoense (Eastw.) Munz by Howitt and subspecies occur an the study peaks: Howell (1973) . 1. SSD. flaccidurn (Greene) Demo. & Steb. Widely scattered in a variety of forest Fritillaria falcata (Jeps.) D. E. Beetle habitats, an extremely variable octoploid (LiZiaceae) . (n=44) form of the species. Bulb, restricted to serpentine near San 2. Ssp. luciense Demp. & Steb. In Benito Mountain (the type locality) and the appearance this tetraplaid (n=22) form is Red Mountain region of the Mount Hamilton sort of intermediate between G. californicum Range (Beetle 1944, Sharsmith 1945). 1 have ssp. flaccidurn and G. clementis. The bulk of this subspecies' distribution is on Cone Peak Gilia achilleaefolia Bentb., California above 1200 m. It is probably the rarest of gilia (PoZemoniaoeae) . the Santa Lucia Range endemic taxa on the Annual herb, uncommon in savanna and study peaks. A few plants near G. clementis grassland. colonies on Ventana Double Cane have been tentatively assigned to ssp. luciense by Lauramay Dempster. Listed as a rare and Gilia clivorm (Jeps.) V. Grant (PoZemoniaceae) endangered plant by the California Native . Plant Society (Powell 1974). SANTA LUCIA Annual herb, minor in grassland. RANGE ENDEMIC. Gilia splendens Dougl. (Potemoniaceae). Galium clementis Eastw., Santa Lucia bedstraw (Rubiaceae) Annual herb, uncommon in savanna and . forest openings, the study peaks are near Low matted, perennial herb, distribution the northern limit for the species. is largely confined to three study peaks with the most plants an Cone Peak, listed as a Gilia tenuiflora Benth . (Pozemoniaceae) . rare and endangered species by the California Native Plant Society (Powell 1974). Annual herb, not important above 1200 m, (Dempster and Stebbins 1968). SANTA LUCIA difficult to distinguish from G. splendens, RANGE ENDEMIC. Hoover (1970) did not recognize G. splendens in the southern Santa Lucias . Galium nuttallii Gray ssp. ovalifolium (Demp.) Demp. & Steb., climbing bedstraw Gnaphalium benwlens A. Davids., fragrant (Rubiaceae) . everlasting (Compositae). Perennial herbaceous vine, scattered in Perennial herb, scattered in rocky spots, chaparral and dry forest openings. difficult to separate from G. microcephalum Nutt. Garrya congdonl Eastw. interior silk-tassle (Garryaceae) . Gutierrezia bracteata Abrams, San Joaquin matchweed (Compositae) . Evergreen shrub, this serpentine endemic has been reported in San Benito Small evergreen shrub, not important County (Sharsmith 1945) and the adjacent above 1200 m (Solbrig 1965). Diablo Range of Manterey County (Howitt and Howell 1964) and Fresno County. Some of the Habenaria eleqans (Lindl .) Boland . , slender San Benito Mountain shrubs approach this habenaria (Orchidaceae) . species, but they could also be placed in Perennial herb, scattered in shady the variable G. flavescens. forest habitats.

Garrya flavescens Wats. var. pallida (Eastw.) Haplopappus sguarrosus H. & A., sawtooth Bacig. ex Ewan, ashy silk-tassle (Garryaceae) goldenbush (Compositae) . Evergreen shrub, widely distributed in Small evergreen shrub, local on rocky the chaparral but seldom common in any one spots. spot. Differences between the Santa Lucia Range shrubs and the Diablo Range shrubs on Helenium puherulum DC., rosilla (Compositae). serpentine that have been called G. congdoni appear to be slight. Perennial herb, local in wet spots.

Gayophytum heterozyqm Lewis & Szweykowski Hemitomes conqestum Gray, gnome plant (Onagraceae) . (Pyrolaceae) . Annual herb, uncommon in forest open- Saprophyte, one plant seen under scrubby ings. DISJUNCT, closest population is mixed evergreen forest on Ventana Double Cone ~robablvin the San Rafael Mountains, Santa at 1200 m elevation, all California reports Barbara-county (Smith 1974). (~owittand of this species concern low elevation red- Howell 1973) . wood forest habitats. Hemizonia paniculata Gray, San Diego taweed Holodiscus microphyllus Rydb. (Rosaceae) . (Compositae) . Low deciduous shrub, scattered on rocky Annual herb, uncommon on San Benito ridgetops. There is some question as to how Mountain serpentine. Hoover (1970) assigned clearly this is isolated from H. dicolor. some San Luis Obispo plants an serpentine to DISJUNCT, the next population to the north ssp. paniculata. The San Benito collection may be in Mendocino County--to the southeast seems to be a rather interior and northward in Tulare County. Some Santa Barbara County extension of this typical subspecies (Munz plants resemble this species. 7/ 1959). Hordeum californicum Covas & Steb ., Heracleum maximum Bartram, caw-parsnip California barley (Grmnineae) . (UmbeZZiferae) . Perennial bunchgrass, uncommon in Tall perennial herb, local in wet spots. seasonally wet spots. (Howitt and Howell 1973) . Hordeum glaucum Steud., wall barley Hesperolinon disjuncturn H. K. Sharsm. (Gramineae) . (Linaceae) . Annual grass, minor weed in disturbed Annual herb, scattered on San Benito spots. INTRODUCED. Mountain serpentine, a serpentine endemic of the (Sharsmith 1961). Hulsea heterochroma Gray, red-eyed hulsea (Compositue) . Hesperolinon micranthum (Gray) Small, small- Perennial herb, rare in disturbed flowered dwarf-flax (Linaceae). spots. Annual herb, scattered on Pine Ridge serpentine, often on serpentine in the Santa Hypericum formsum HBK. var. scouleri Lucia Range (Sharsmith 1961). (Hook.) Coult., Scouler St. Johns wort (Hypericaceae) . Heteromeles arbutifolia M. Roem., toyon Perennial herb, local in wet spots. (Rosaceae) . Evergreen shrub or small tree, scattered Juncus bufonius L. toad rush (Juncaceae). in chaparral. Annual herb, scattered in seasonally wet spots. Hieracium albiflorum Hook., white-flowered hawkweed (Cornpositae). Juncus effusus L. var. pacificus Fern. & Perennial herb, scattered in coniferous Wieg. (Juncaceas) . forests. Perennial herb, local in wet spots.

Hieracium argutum Nutt. var. parishii (Gray) Juncus patens E. Mey., common rush Jeps . (Compositae) . (Juncaceae) . Perennial herb, local in rocky spots. Perennial herb, local in wet spots. Some of the most common and variable plants are on Pine Ridge--just above the Juncus rugulosus Engelm. (Juncaceae). Canyon where hybrids between this species and H. albiflorum have been reported Tall perennial herb, local in wet spots. (Anderson and Stebbins 1954). The study peaks are near the northern limits for this species.

Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim., cream bush (Rosaeeoe) . Tall deciduous shrub, an important 71 Smith, Clifton. 1974. A flora understory shrub in parts of the mixed of the Santa Barbara Region. (Unpublished evergreen forest at lower elevation but report on file, Santa Barbara Museum of unimportant above 1200 m. Natural History, Calif.). Juniperus californica Carr., California Ridge. On San Benito Mountain this tree is juniper (Cupressaceae). widely distributed on exposed upland slopes. Alice Eastwood's (1897) suggestion that Large evergreen shrub, scattered in extensive logging of incense-cedar occurred the non-serpentine savanna at lower eleva- on "Santa Lucia Peak" seems improbable. If < i tion on San Benito Mountain but unimportant the San Antonio Mission builders used incense- above 1200 m. cedar (it is not clear that they did), they may have cut the relatively accessible trees Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb .) Sreng., June- along the Arroyo Seca Creek near Memorial grass (Grmnineae) . Park. I doubt that the Mission builders used Perennial bunchgrass, minor in grass- trees from either the Cone Peak or Junipero land. Serra Peak forests. There remains, however, a problem of who produced the few mysterious Lactuca serriola L. prickly lettuce stumps near the head of Santa Lucia Creek (Compositae) . (H. B. Cahill [personal communication, Annual herb, minor weed in disturbed Jan. 29, 19741). The San Benito Mountain spots. INTRODUCED. forest was heavily logged for mine timbers 8/ (Brewer n/d, Jepson nld, Griffin 1974a). DISJUNCT, closest stand to the north in Lathyrus vestitus Nutt. ssp. puberulus is (White) C. L. Hitch. (Legumimsae) northern Napa County--to the south in the . Sierra Madre, Santa Barbara County (Griffin Perennial herbaceous vine, widely and Critchfield 1972). scattered in forest habitats. Lilium pardalinum Kell., tiger lily Layia discoidea Keck, rayless layia (LiZiaceae) . (Compositae) . Bulb, local in wet spots. Small annual herb, restricted to a few serpentine sites on San Benito Mountain, Linanthus arnbiguus (Rattan) Greene, serpen- recognized as a rare and endangered species tine linanthus (PoZemoniaceae) . by the California Native Plant Society Annual herb, scattered on serpentine on (Powell 1974). This species was an impor- San Benito Mountain, largely a serpentine tant example in the development of bio- endemic in the inner Coast Ranges. svstematics (Keck 1957). It should have high priority for administrative protection. Linanthus androsaceus (Benth.) Greene, shower SAN BENITO MOUNTAIN ENDEMIC. gilia (PoZemoniaceae) . i i Lepechznia calycina (Benth.) Epl., pitcher Annual herb, widely distributed in open sage (Labiatae) . spots, most of the described subspecies do not seem very helpful locally, but the Aromatic, suffrutescent perennial, bright yellow form, ssp. luteus (Benth.) uncamon in chaparral. Mason was quite distinct on Chews Ridge although uncommon. Lewisia rediviva Pursh., bitterroot (PortuZacaceae) . Linanthus ciliatus (Benth.) Greene, wisker Acaulescent perennial herb, rare on brush (PoZemoniaceae) . San Benito Mountain serpentine, rare else- Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. where in the south Coast Ranges where it is often, but not always, associated with Linanthus liniflorus (Benth.) Greene, flax- serpentine (Bowerman 1944, Hoover 1970, flowered linanthus (PoZemoniaceae) . Sharsmith 1945, Thomas 1961). Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. Libocedrus decurrens Tarr., incense-cedar (Cupressaceae). 81 Sloane, N. H. 1914. Resources and Evergreen tree, in the Santa Lucias plan af operation of Monterey National incense-cedar is concentrated in canyon Forest. (Unpublished report on file. Los bottoms or shady ravines except for the Padres National Forest, King City, Calif.). trees on the exposed serpentine of Pine Linm lewisii Pursh., blue flax (Linaceae) Ranges, the next population to the south may be in Kern County (Twisselmann 1967), var. Perennial herb, widely distributed in decorus (Jtn.) Ottley occurs in Santa serpentine an San Benito Mountain, rare else- Barbara County. 9 DISJUNCT. where in the south Coast Ranges (Hoover 1970). ~otuscrassifolius (Benth.) Greene, hroad- Lithocarpus dezlsiflorus (H. & A.) Rehd., tan- leaved lotus (Legwnimsae) . oak () . Tall perennial herb, scattered in Evergreen tree, vigorous sprouter, disturbed spots in the chaparral. important dominant in the mixed evergreen forest. Lotus grandiflorus (Benth.) Greene var. mutabilis Ottley, chaparral lotus Lithophragma aifinis Gray., woodland star (Legwnimsae) . (Smifragaceae) . Perennial herb, unimportant above 1200 m. Perennial herb, scattered in rocky spats, sometime appearing as a trail-side Lithophragma heterophylla (H. & A,) T. & G., weed. hill star (Smifragaceae). Perennial herb, scattered in savanna Lotus humistratus Greene, short-podded lotus habitats. (Legminosae) . Annual herb, minor in grassland. Lomatium dasycarpum (T. & 6.) Coult. & Rose, lace-parsnip (UmbeZZiferae) . Lotus micranthus Benth., hill lotus Perennial herb, uncommon in savanna and (Legwninosae) . forest openings. Annual herb, minor in grassland.

Lomatium macrocarpum (H. & A.) Coult. & Rose, ~otusoblongifolius (Benth.) Greene, narrow- sheep-parsnip (IhnbeZZiferae) . leaved lotus (Legwninosae) . Perennial herb, uncommon on serpentine Tall perennial herb, local in wet spots. outcrops. Lotus purshianus (Benth.) Clem. b Clem., Lonicera hispidula Dougl., hairy honeysuckle Spanish-clover (Legmimsae). (Caprifo liaceae) . Annual herb, minor in grassland. Evergreen woody vine, appears to reach 1200 m only on Ventana Double Cane where it Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley, deer-weed is rare in the chaparral. (Legminosae) . Suffrutescent perennial, scattered along chaparral honey- Lonicera interrupta Benth. , trails and disturbed spots or in openings in suckle (CaprifoZiaceae) . the chaparral. Evergreen woody vine, widely distributed in chaparral. ~otusstrigosus (Nutt.) Greene, bishop lotus (Legwninosae) . Lonicera subspicata H. & A. var. johnstonii Annual herb, minor in grassland. Keck, southern honeysuckle (Caprifoziaceae). Evergreen woody vine, scattered in more Lotus subpinnatus Lag, California lotus interior areas than L. interrupta, not very (Legwninosae) . clearly separated from L. interrupta. Annual herb, unimportant in grassland above 1200 m. ~otusargophyllus (Gray) Greene var. fremontii (Gray) Ottley, silver-leaved lotus (Legwninosae) . Law perennial herb, scattered in rocky 9/ Smith, Clifton. 1974. A flora of spots. Some of the local plants do not fit the ~antaBarbara Region. (Unpublished var. fremontii too well. The study peaks report on file, Santa Barbara Museum of are near the northern limit in the Coast Natural History, Calif.). Lupinus abramsii C. P. Smith (Leguminosae) . 4Jadia gracilis (Sm.) Keck, guopweed (Compositue) Evergreen mat or low shrub, widely dis- . tributed, may not be clearly isolated from Annual.herb, widely scattered in grass- L. albifrons in some places. Hoover (1970) land and savanna on Chews Ridge. 1 treated it as a var. of L. albifrons. SANTA LUCIA RANGE ENDEMIC. ~adiamadioides (Nutt.) Greene, woodland madia (Compositue) . Lupinus albifmns Benth., silver lupine Perennial herb, uncommon above 1200 m. (Legminosue) . Evergreen shrub, appears in lower, more Malacothrix floccifera (DC.) Blake, woolly interior habitats than the nearly prostrate malacothrix (Compositae) . L. abramsii, not important above 1200 m. Annual herb, widespread on San Benito Mountain serpentine, but unimportant on the Lupinus bicolor Lindl. (Leguminosae). Santa Lucia peaks. Annual herb, scattered in grassland. Malacothrix saxatilis (Nutt .) T. & G. var. Lupinus cervinus Kell., deer lupine commutata (T. & 6.) Ferris cliff malacothrix (Leguminosae) . (Compositue) . Perennial herb, widely scattered but Perennial herb, rare on rock outcrops. never common in forest habitats. First collected by William Lobb in 1850 probably Marah fabaceus (Nand.) Greene, common manroot near Cane Peak. Listed as a rare and en- or wild cucumber (Cucurbituceae) . dangered species by the California Native Perennial vine with annual shoats, wide- Plant Society (Powell 19 74) . SANTA LUCIA ly distributed near chaparral margins. RANGE ENDEMIC. Medicago pol ymorpha L ., bur-clover Lupinus fornosus Greene var. bridgesii (Wats.) (Leguminosae) . Greene, lunaria lupine (Leguminosae) . Annual herb, minor in grassland. Perennial herb, uncommon in rocky spots. INTRODUCED.

Lupinus hirsutissirnus Benth., stinging lupine Melica aristata Thurb. (Grmnineae). (Legwninosae) . Perennial grass, several collections in Annual herb, widely scattered on rocky the University of California Herbarium from i, spats at lower elevations but rare above Chews Ridge (G. L. Stebbins & L. A. Snyder 1200 m. #3767, and C. Hardham #6191B) have been labeled as this species. But the separation Lupinus nanus Dougl., sky lupine between the long-awned M. aristata and the (Leguminosae) . shorter-awned M. harfordii is not very Annual herb, scattered in grassland. satisfactory in the Santa Lucias. A Cone Peak specimen in the Jepson Herbarium was Madia elegam D. Don., common madia annotated as intermediate between these (Compositae) . species. Hoover (1970) treated M. aristata as a var. of M. harfordii in the southern Annual herb, widely scattered. The Santa Lucias. Twisselmann (1967) reported plants that Willis L. Jepson collected on only one colony of M. aristata in Kern Junipero Serra Peak have been referred to a County. montane farm, ssp. wheeleri (Gray) Keck. (Howitt and Howell 1973) . Melica californica Scribn., western melic (Grmnineae) Madia exigua (SM.) Gray, little tarweed . (Compositae) . Perennial bunchgrass, minor in grassland. Small annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. Melica geyeri Munro, geyer onion-grass Mentzelia pinetorum Heller (). (Grmineae) . Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. Perennial grass, rare in shady forest (Howitt and Howell 1973). habitats on Chews Ridge. The study peaks are near the southern limit, only one colony Mentzelia veatchiana Kell., (Loasaceae). reported in San Luis Obispo County (Hoover Annual herb, rare in disturbed spots on 1970) . Chews Ridge. (Howitt and Howell 1973). Melica harfordii Bol., Harford melic Micropus californicus F. & slender (Gramineae) M., . cottonweed (Compositae) . Perennial grass, scattered in forest Small annual herb, minor in grassland. habitats (see note on M. aristata) . Microseris linearifolia (Nutt.) Sch-Bip. Nelica imperfects Trin., small-flowered melic (Compositne) (Gramineae) . . Annual herb, scattered in grassland. Perennial grass, widely distributed, particularly in rocky spots. Microsteris gracilis (Dougl.) Greene, annual Melica stricta Bol., rock melic (Gmmineae) phlox (PoZemoniaceae). Annual herb, scattered in grassland. Perennial grass, rare along upper Sawmill Creek (fig. 3), probably rare else- Mimulus hifidus Penn., ssp. fasoiculatus where in the south Coast Ranges. The next Penn., Santa Lucia sticky monkey-flower closest locality is in the sin Rafael Moun- (ScrophuZariaeeae). tains. 101 DISJUNCT. Small evergreen shrub, widely distributed Mellca torreyana Scrihn., Tarrey melic in chaparral and along forest margins. This (Grmineae) . species is mainly endemic to the Santa Lucias, but some plants.do occur in San Benito County Perennial grass, scattered on serpentine (Howitt and Howell 1973). outcrops on summit of San Benito Mountain. Often associated with serpentine in the Mimulus cardinalis Dougl., scarlet monkey- south Coast Ranges (Hoover 1970). flower (ScrophuZariaceae) . Mentzelia gracilenta T. & G., slender stick- Annual herb, local in wet spots. (Loasaceae) . Mimulus floribundus Dougl . , floriferous Annual herb, minor in grassland on San monkey-flower (ScrophuZariaceae) . Benito Mountain. Small annual herb, local in seasonally Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl.) Torr., blazing wet spots. star (Loasaceae) . Minulus fremontii (Benth.) Gray, Fremont Biennial herb, uncommon in disturbed monkey-flower (ScrophuZariaceae) . spots. Annual herb, scattered in open areas Mentzelia micrantha (H. & A.) T. & G., San (see note on M. subsecundus) . Luis stickleaf (Loasacea& . Mimulus guttatus Fisch., common monkey-flower Annual herb, uncommon in disturbed (ScrophuZariaeeae) spots. . Annual or perennial herb, local in wet spots, a small form is very abundant along all the San Benita Mountain creeks.

Mimulus pilosus (Benth.) Wats., downy mimethanthe (Scrophutariaceae) 10/ Smith, Clifton. 1974. A flora of . the ~ztaBarbara Region. (Unpublished Small annual herb, local in wet spots. report on file, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Calif.). Mimulus subsecundus Gray (SerophuZariaceae) . Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Mey .) Parodi., scratch grass (Gramineae). Annual herb; it is difficult to separate this species from M. fremntii. Hoover Perennial grass, common along creeks on (1970) considered this to be a small flowered San Benito Mountain, uncommon elsewhere in i form of M. fremntii; an undescribed, small, the south Coast Ranges (Raven 1957). pink flowered monkey-flower may be complicat- ing this situation in the Santa Lucias. Navarretia mellita Greene, honey-scented navarretia (PoZemoniaeeae). Mollugo verticillata L., Indian chickweed Annual herb, uncommon in grassland. (Aizcaceae) . Small annual herb, common around Spanish Navarretia pubescens (Benth.) H. & A. Lake (fig. 3). INTRODUCED. (PoZemoniaceae) . Monardella benitensis Hardham (Labiahe) Annual herb, scattered on San Benito Mountain serpentine, a south Coast Range Aromatic eerennial herb. an interior serpentine endemic. serpentine form of the M. villosa complex (Hardham 1966). Widely scattered on San Nemocladus secundiflorus Rohbins Benito Mountain, according to Clare Hardham (CampanuZaceae). (personal communication, July 30, 1970) dip- Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. loid plants are scattered along Clear Creek on "jadeite and asbestos serpentine" with Nemphila menziesii H. & A., baby blue-eyes tetraploids on the higher ridges on "ordinary" (HydrophyZZaceae) serpentine. Listed as a rare and endangered . species by the California Native Plant Annual herb, scattered in grassland and Society (Powell 1974). DIABLO RANGE ENDEMIC. savanna.

Monardella douglasii Benth., Fenestra Naphila parviflora Dougl., small-flowered monardella (Labiahe) . nemophila (HydrophyZZaceae) . Extremely aromatic annual herb, scattered Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. on San Benito Mountain serpentine, this species is usually restricted to serpentine Nemphila pulchella Eastw. (HydrophyZZaceae) . in the Coast Ranges. Annual herb, scattered in forest and savanna. Monardella villosa Benth., coyote mint (Labiawe) . Nicotiana attenuata Torr., mountain Indian Aromatic perennial herb, widely distri- tobacco (SoZanaceae) . buted, a variable species with most of the Annual herb, Raven (1957) found this plants on the Santa Lucia peaks approaching "basically Great Basin" plant on Santa Rita ssp. subserrata (Greene) Epl. Peak (fig. 3), uncommon elsewhere in the south Coast Ranges (Sharsmith 1945). Montia perfoliata (Dann) Howell, miner's- lettuce (Portuzacaceae). Oenothera hookeri T. & G. ssp. hookeri Succulent, annual herb, widely distri- evening primrose (Onagmceae) . buted in shady habitats, particularly under Perennial herb, local in wet spats. oaks. A variable species, some populations on San Benita Mountain serpentine fit var. Oenothera (for annual species see Camissonia) nubigena (Greene) Jeps. Orobanche bulbosa (Gray) G . Beck., chaparral Montia spathulata (Dougl.) Howell var. broomrape (Ombanchaceae) . exigua (T. & G.) Rob. (PortuZacaceae) . Root parasite, only a few plants seen Small succulent annual herb, uncommon in along chaparral margins, hut the plant is widely separated localities. The distinctive probably more common. var. tenuifolia (T. & G.) Munz also occurs on San Benita Mountain below 1200 m, perhaps above. This species may hybridize with M. perfoliata on Chews Ridge. Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. var. franciscana Penstemon centranthifolius Benth., scarlet Achey, clustered broomrape (Orobanchaceae). bugler (Scrophutariaceae). Only a few plants seen along chaparral Perennial herb, widely distributed in margins, but the plant is probably more forest or chaparral openings and rocky common. portions of grassland.

Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth., escobita Penstemon corymbosus Benth., red penstemon (ScrophuZariaceae). (Scrophuzariaceae). Annual herb, scattered in the grassland. Low evergreen mat-forming shrub, local on rock outcrops. Cone Peak is near the Osmaronia cerasiformis (T. & G.) Greene, oso southern limit for this species, it was first berry (Rosaceae) . collected by Thomas Coulter, probably in the Deciduous shrub, scattered in shady Cone Peak region (McMinn 1939). canyons at lower elevations, rare above 1200 m. Penstemon grinnellii Eastw. ssp. scrophularioides (Jones) Munz, Grinnell Osmorhiza brachypoda Torr., California penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) . cicely (UrnbeZZiferae) . Suffrutescent perennial, scattered on Perennial herb, scattered in a variety Chews Ridge, one plant seen an San Benito of forest habitats. Mountain, uncommon elsewhere in the south Coast Ranges (McMinn 1939). Osmorhiza chilensis H. & A., wood cicely (UrnbeZZiferae) . Penstemon heterophyllus Lindl. ssp. australis (M. & J.) Keck, chaparral penstemon Perennial herb, scattered in a variety (Scrophulariaceae) . of forest habitats, perhaps more common than. 0. brachypoda . Perennial herb, widely scattered hut never common. Parnrlssin puluscris I.. var. californica Gray, California grass-of-p,lrnnssus (?gxi;'ragaccae) . Phacelia brachyloba (Benth.) Gray, shart- lobed phacelia (HydrophyZZaceae) . Perennial herb, uncommon riparian plant, sometimes on serpentine as on San Benito Annual herb, a few plants noticed in Mountain. disturbed spots. Hoover (1970) described this species as abundant after fires in the Pedicularis densiflora Benth. Indian warrior southern Santa Lucias. The study peaks are (ScrophuZariaceae). near the northern limit for the species. Perennial herb, locally cornman on the Phacelia curvipes Torr. var. macrantha sandstone ridge north of Cone Peak, not (Parish) Munz (HydrophyZZaceae) . noticed above 1200 m on other parent mate- -4 s~ " Annual herb. Howitt and Howell (1964) reported this plant (as P. davidsonii Gray) Pellaea andrornedaefolia (Kaulf .) Fge, coffee on the top of Chews Ridge. Hoover (1970) fern (Pteridaceae). treated P. curvipes as part of P. douglasii, and it is possible that the P. davidsonii Perennial herb, scattered on partly report is based on the same plants as P. shaded rocky spots. douglasii in this list.

Pellaea rnucronata (D. C. Eat.) D. C. Eat., Phacelia distans Benth., wild heliotrope birdsfoot fern (Pteridaceae). (Hydrophy ZZaceae) . Perennial herb, scattered on exposed Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. rocky spots, more common above 1200 m than P. andromedaefolia . Phacelia divaricata (Benth.) Gray (Hydrophyttaceae). Penstemon breviflorus Lindl., bush beard- tongue (Scmphuzariaceae) . Annual herb, scattered on serpentine on San Benito Mountain. Evergreen shrub, widely distributed in open spots

Pinus lambertiana Dougl., sugar pine Po, scabrella (Thurb .) Benth., pine bluegrass () . (Grmineae) . Large evergreen tree, magnificent old- Perennial bunchgrass, scattered in growth trees are common in the Cone Peak grassland and savanna. region and on Junipera Serra Peak. David Douglas discovered this pine in Oregon, but Polygala californica Nutt., California he first saw the tree in California near milkwort (PcZygonaceae) . Cone Peak (Hooker 1836). The closest stand to the north is near Mt. St. Helena, Lake Perennial herb, unimportant above 1200 m. County--to the south in the San Rafael Mountains, Santa Barbara County (Griffin Polypodium californicum Kaulf., California and Critchfield 1972) . DISJUNCT. polypody (PoZypodiaceae) . Small fern with annual fronds, local on Pinus ponderosa Laws., ponderosa pine shady rock outcrops. (Pinaceae) . Large evergreen tree, widely scattered Polypgon mnspeliensis (L.) Desf., rabbit- in the Santa Lucias, but more often dominant foot grass (Grmineae) . just below the 1200 m level than on the Annual grass, local in wet places. higher ridges. Although no recognizable INTRODUCED. ponderosa pines have been found on San Benito Mountain, some of the Jeffrey pines Polystichum muniturn (Kaulf .) Presl ., sword there have canes that suggest ponderosa pine fern (Aspidiaceae) . characters. A few of the San Benito Jeffrey Fern with perennial fronds, widely pines may also have some biochemical rela- distributed in forest habitats but seldom tionships with ponderosa pine (Brown 1972). common above 1200 m. Most plants on the study peaks have rachises with reduced Pinus sabiniana Dougl., Digger pine scales and probably fit ssp. curtum Ewan. (Pinaceae) . Evergreen- tree. widely scattered on Potentilla glandulosa Lindl., sticky San Benito Mountain, both on and off cinquefoil (Rosaceae) . serpentine; although common in parts of the Santa Lucias, no trees were noticed above Perennial herb, scattered in open forest and savanna. 1200 m (Griffin 1964, 1965, 1974a).

Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulf .) Maxon, Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp., bitter cherry (Rosaceae) gold-back fern (Pteridaeeae) . : Small fern with annual fronds, widely Tall deciduous shrub, uncommon in rocky distributed in dry rocky, but partly shaded ravines or creek bottoms. spots. Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt .) Plagiobothrys nothofulvus (Gray) Gray, pop- Sarg., western choke cherry (Rosaceae). corn flower (Boraginaceae) . Uncommon in rocky ravines or creek Annual herb, minor in grassland. bottoms, more widely distributed than P. emarginata; although their habitat require- Po, amua L., annual bluegrass (Grmineae) ments seem to overlap, these two cherries were not noticed growing together. Small annual -grass. minor in seasonallv-- wet spots in grassland and savanna. Psoralea californica Wats., California INTRODUCED. psoralea (Legminosue).

Pod howellii Vasey & Scribn., Howell blue- Prostrate perennial, scattered in grass (Grmineae). forest and chaparral openings on serpentine on San Benito Mountain. Uncommon elsewhere Annual grass, rare on Ventana Double in the south Coast Ranges (Hoover 1970, Cone. Sharsmith 1945). Psoralea macrostachya DC., leather root Quercus durata Jeps., leather oak (Fagaceae). (Leguminosae) . Large evergreen shrub, widespread in Tall perennial herb, local in wet spots. serpentine chaparral on San Benito Mountain. Occurs on lower elevation serpentine in the i Psoralea orbicularis Lindl., round-leaved Santa Lucias, but seems to be absent from the psoralea (Leguminosae) . Pine Ridge serpentine. Perennial herb, local in wet spots, not Quercus kelloggii Newb., California black oak as widespread as P. macrostachya, these two (Fagaceae) psoraleas may grow together. . Large deciduous tree, widely scattered Psoralea physodes Dougl., California-tea in the more open forests, probably more (Leguminosae) . important below the 1200 m elevation, con- spicuous in the ponderosa pine forests. Perennial herb, uncommon in forest and chaparral habitats. Quercus lobata NQe, valley oak, California white oak (Fagaceae) . Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. pubescem Undem., (Pteridaeeae) . Large deciduous tree, important in the savanna along the summit of Chews Ridge where Tall fern with annual fronds, widely trees up to 206 cm in dhh occur, this tree is distributed in forest habitats, dominates absent above 1200 m on all other study peaks the ground-cover in parts of the Chews Ridge (Griffin 1973, 1975). savanna (Griffin 1975) . Quercus turbinella Greene ssp. californica Pterostegia drymarioides F. & M. Tucker, shrub live oak (Fagaceae) . (PoZygonaceae) . Evergreen shrub or small tree, vigorous Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. sprouter. Important in north-slope chaparral at lower elevations on interior slopes, but Pyrola picta Sm. f. aphylla (Sm.) Camp., anly scattered shrubs occur above 1200 m. leafless shinleaf (Pyrolaceae). Q. turbinella is sometimes difficult to Perennial herb, root parasite, reported separate from Q. dumosa, and some shrubs on anly on Junipero Serra Peak, rare elsewhere Junipero Serra Peak are intermediate. In in the south Coast Ranges (Thomas 1961). the lower Arroyo Seco drainage, Q. turbinella is common and clearly recognizable; on the Quercus agrifolia NQe, coast live oak coastal ridge south of Cone Peak Q. dumosa (Fagaceae) . is common (Tucker 1953). Large evergreen tree, important in parts of the lower elevation mixed evergreen forest Quercus wislizenii A. DC. interior live oak but only scattered trees grow above 1200 m. (Fagaceae) . Evergreen shrub or tree, vigorous Quercus chrysolepis Liebm., canyon live oak sprouter. Widely distributed as a dominant (Fagaceae) . in the higher elevation mesic chaparral, less common as an understory tree in the Large evergreen tree, vigorous sprouter, important dominant in the mixed evergreen forest. farest, widely distributed in a variety of Raillardella (muirii Gray ?) (Compositue) forest and mesic chaparral situations, rare . on the San Benito Mountain serpentine. Perennial herb, this plant was unknown in the south Coast Ranges until 1962, when Clare Quercus douglasii H. & A., blue oak Hardham noticed it in the Ventana Douhle Cone (Pagaceae) . region. In 1972, Steven N. Talley collected it on the rocky of Ventana Douhle Cone. Small to medium sized deciduous tree, summit It is closely related to R. muirii which is imnortant in lower elevation savanna. but considered a rare and endangered species by only scattered trees grow above 1200 m the California Native Plant Society in the (White 1966). southern Sierra Nevada (Powell 1974). It appears less closely related to R. scabrida Quercus dumsa Nutt. (see Q. turbinella note) Eastw., an uncommon species of the north Coast Ranges (Rydberg 1927). Several students with some other species such as R. amarum are working on the relationship of these McClat. The sparse number of plants of this three Raillardellas If the Ventana popula- one Ribes species above 1200 m on the Santa tion is R. muirii, this plant is one of the Lucia peaks is in marked contrast to the most restricted and most interesting montane rich assemblage of species at lower eleva- disjuncts in the Santa Lucias; if it is a tions; for example, eight species of Ribes new species, it is probably the most res- are present on the Hastings Reservations tricted endemic above 1200 m. These plants at the foot of Chews Ridge. The next R. should receive the highest priority for ad- roezlii population to the north may be in ministrative protection. Napa County (McMinn 1939)--to the south in the San Rafael Mountains, Santa Barbara Rafinesguia californica Nutt., California County. 12/ DISJUNCT. chicory (Compositae). Annual herb, rare in disturbed spots. Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht., California wild rose (Rosaceae) . Ranunculus californicus Benth., California buttercup (RanuncuZaceae) . Deciduous shrub, local in creek bottoms. Perennial herb, scattered in the Rubus parviflorus Nutt., thimbleberry savanna. (Rosaceae) . Deciduous shrub, local in wet spots. Ranunculus hebecarpus X. & A., downy butter- cup (RanuncuZaceae) . Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht ., Pacific Small annual herb, unimportant above blackberry (Rosaceae) . 1200 m. Evergreen woody vine, local in creek Rhamnus californica Esch. ssp. tomentella bottoms. (Benth.) C. B. Wolf, coffeeberry (Rhamnaceae) . Rumex acetosella L., sheep sorrel (PoZygonaceae) . Large evergreen shrub, widely dis- tributed in the chaparral and scattered Perennial herb, minor weed in disturbed in the forest understory at all elevations. spots. INTRODUCED.

Rhamnus crocea Nutt., ssp. ilicifolia (Kell.) Rumex conglomeratus Murr., green dock C. B. Wolf, hollyleaf redberry (Rhmnnaceae) . (Polygonaceae) . Large evergreen shrub, widely distributed Perennial herb, minor weed in disturbed in the chaparral. spots. INTRODUCED.

Rhus diversiloba T. & G., poison-oak Rumex salicifolius Weinm., willow dock (Anacnriaceae) . (Polygonaceae) . Deciduous woody vine or shrub, widely Perennial herb, local in wet spots. distributed at lower elevations but only locally common above 1200 m and rare above Salix breweri Bebb., Brewer willow (Saticaceae). 1400 m an any of the study peaks. Deciduous shrub, common along all serpen- tine creeks on San Benito Mountain (the type Ribes roezlii Regel, Sierra gooseberry locality). Uncommon elsewhere in the south (Smifragaceae) . Coast Ranges (Sharsmith 1945). Deciduous shrub, uncommon in the forest understory, shrubs on the summit of Junipera Serra Peak and Chews Ridge are 121 Smith, Clifton. 1974. A flora of clearly referable to R. roezlii, shrubs in the SGta Barbara Region. (Unpublished Pine Valley below Pine Ridge approach R. report on file, Santa Barbara Museum of roezlii in form hut suggest hybridization Natural History, Calif.). salix (misc. unidentified species probably Silene lemnii Wats., Lemon campion s. laevigata Bebb or S. lasiolepis Benth. (CaryophyZZaceae). in most cases, uncommon above 1200 m) . Perennial herb. salvia columbariae Benth., chia (Labiatae) i . Silene verecunda Wats. ssp. platyota (Wats.) Annual herb, scattered in rocky exposed Hitch. & Maquire (CaryophyZZaceae) . spots in the grassland and chaparral margins. Perennial herb. Sambucus mexicana Presl., blue elderberry (Caprifotiaceae) . Sisyrinchium bellum Wats., blue-eyed-grass (Iridaceae) . Deciduous shrub or small tree, widely scattered but never common. Perennial herb, apparently absent above 1200 m in the Santa Lucias but locally common sanicula crassicaulis Poepp., gambleweed along all the creeks on serpentine on San (UmbeZZiferae) . Benito Mountain. Perennial herb, scattered in the more Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) 3. G. Sm. weedy portions of several habitats. (Gramineae) . Sanicula graveolens Poepp. (UmbeZZifeme) . Perennial bunchgrass, unimportant on the Santa Lucia peaks but scattered on serpentine Perennial herb, not reported in the on San Benito Mountain. This species is much south Coast Ranges until 1972, when Steven less common on the study peaks than the N. Talley found it an the Pine Ridge serpen- closely related S. jubatum. S. hystrix tine. Next population to the north may be appears to be the more montane in distribu- on Bartlett Mountain, Lake County--to the tion as suggested by Anderson and Stebbins south in the San Rafael Mountains, Santa (1954). Barbara County. 131 DISJUNCT. sitanion jubatum 3. C. Sm., squirrel-tail satureja mimuloides (Benth.) Briq. (Gromineae) . (Labiatae) . Perennial bunchgrass, more widely dis- Perennial herb, local in wet spots. tributed at lower elevations than S. hystrix. (Anderson and Stebbins 1954). Scirpus microcarpus Presl., panicled bulrush (Cyperaceae) . Sitanion (occasional sterile hybrids, Tall perennial herb, local in wet spots. probably with both Agropyron and Elymus ! were noticed on Chews Ridge and San Benito Sedum spathulifolium Hook, ssp. anomalum Mountain) (Britton) Clausen & Uhl, Pacific stonecrop (CrassuZaceae). Solanum umbelliferum Eschs., blue witch (SoZamceae) . Succulent perennial herb, local on rock outcrops. Evergreen shrub, widely scattered in disturbed areas. Selaginella bigelovii Underw., Bigelow moss- fern (SeZagineZZaceae) . solidago californica Nutt., common goldenrod (Compositae) . Perennial herb, widely scattered on rock outcrops. Perennial herb, widely scattered in many habitats. Silene gallica L., common catchfly (CaryophyZZaeeae) . solidago guiradonis Gray (Compositae) Annual herb, minor weed in grassland. Common along all the creeks on serpen- INTRODUCED. tine on San Benito Mountain. Raven (1957) appeared to refer to this plant as S. confinis Gray, but Hoover (1970) treated all 131 Smith, Clifton. 1974. A flora the S. confinis in San Luis Obispo County as of thzanta Barbara Region. (Unpublished S. guiradonis var. luxurians (Hall) report on file, Santa Barbara Museum of Hoover. Natural History, Calif .) . Stachys bullata Benth., hedge-nettle Streptanthus glandulosus Hook. ssp. (Labiatae) . glandulosus Jewel Flower (Crucifeme). Perennial herb, scattered in open forest Annual herb, scattered an the Pine Ridge habitats. serpentine, on Chews Ridge scattered on serpentine and rocky non-serpentine spats Stachys pycnantha Benth., short-spiked hedge- (Kruckeberg 1958). nettle (Labiatae) . streptanthus insignis Jeps. (Cruciferae) Perennial herb, local in wet spots. . Annual herb, scattered on San Benito stellaria media (L.) Cyrill., common chick- Mountain serpentine. The plants referred to weed (CaryophyZZaceae) . S. hispidus Gray by Jepson (1925) from San Annual herb, unimportant in grassland Carlos Peak were probably s. insignis (A. above 1200 m. INTRODUCED. Kruckeberg, personal communication, May 6, 1971). Stellaria nitens Nutt., shining chickweed (CaryophyZZaceae) Streptanthus tortuosus Kell., mountain . streptanthus (Cruciferae). Annual herb, unimportant in grassland above 1200 m. Annual or biennial herb, local on rock outcrops. Rare elsewhere in the south Coast Stephanomeria elata Nutt . (Compositae) . Ranges (Hoover 1970), the next population to the north may be Hood Peak, Sonomsl County. Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. stylocline gnaphalioides Nutt. (Compositae) . Stephanomeria virgata Benth. ssp. pleurocarpa (Greene) Gottlieh. (Compositae) Annual herb, unimportant in grassland . above 1200 m. Annual herb, widely scattered in dis- turbed or open spots. symphoricarps mollis Nutt., spreading snaw- berry (Caprifoliaceae) . stipa cernua Steb. & Love, nodding needlegrass Low deciduous shrub, scattered in forest (Gmineae) . understory. Perennial bunchgrass, unimportant, or perhaps absent, from the Santa Lucia Range Tauschia hartweyii (Gray) Macbr . , grassland above 1200 m. One population was (UmbeLZiferae) . noticed on San Benito Mountain on a partially Perennial herb, scattered in rocky spats. serpentinized slope at 1300 m. Thelepdium lasiophyllum (H. & A.) Greene, stipa coronata Thurb., large needlegrass cut-leaved thelypodium (Crucifeme). (Gramineae) . Annual herb, unimportant in grassland Tall perennial grass, local on rock aut- above 1200 m. crops, not a component of the stable grassland. Thermopsis macrophylla H . & A., f alse-lupine (Leguminosae) . streptanthus breweri Gray (Cruciferae) . Tall perennial herb, conspicuous in Annual herb, reported in the San Benito forest understory and chaparral margins on Mountain area (Morrison 1941), but not Pine Ridge, elsewhere local or rare in rocky noticed there during this survey. Arthur spots or creek bottoms. Kruckeberg (personal communication, May 6, 1971) refers the early San Carlos Peak col- Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook., hairy fringe- lections to var. tenuis. San Benito Mountain pod (Cruciferae) . is near the southern limit for this Coast Range serpentine endemic. Annual herb, unimportant in grassland. Thysanocarpus laciniatus Nutt. var. crenatus Ranges, this tree seems to be absent from the (Nutt.) Brewer., narraw-leaved fringe-pod San Benito Mountain region (Griffin and (Cruciferae) . Critchfield 1972). Annual herb, rare in open spots above Urtica holosericea Nutt., hoary nettle i 1200 m. (Urticaceae) . Trichostema lanatum Benth., woolly blue- Tall perennial herb, local in wet spots. curls (Labiatae) . Urtica urens L., dwarf nettle (Urticaceae) . Aromatic evergreen shrub, uncommon in chaparral. Annual herb, unimportant weed above 1200 m. INTRODUCED. Trichostema rubisepalum Elmer (Labiahe). Verbena lasiostachys Link., California vervain Aromatic annual herb, scattered along (Verbenaceae) . San Benito Mountain serpentine creeks, the type locality (Elmer 1906). SIERRA NEVADA Perennial herb, scattered in grassland FOOTHILL DISJUNCT, known elsewhere only in and savanna. Mariposa and Tualumne Counties (Lewis 1945). Vicia americana Muhl. ssp. oregana (Nutt .) Trifolium albopurpureum T. & G., rancheria Abrams, American vetch. clover (Legwninosae) . Perennial herbaceous vine, scattered in Annual herb, widely scattered in the Chews Ridge forest, probably present grassland. elsewhere but confused with Lathyrus. Trifolium ciliolatum Benth . , tree clover Viola purpurea Kell. (Viotaceae). (Legwninosae) . Perennial herb, extremely variable. Annual herb, minor in the grassland. 1. Ssp. mohavensis (Baker & Clausen) J. Clausen. Both Baker (1953) and Stebbins Trifolium qracilentum T. & G., pin-point --et al. (1963) called this diploid (n=6) clover (Legwninosae) . desert form of the V. purpurea complex V. Annual herb, scattered in grassland. aurea ssp. mohavensis. Baker (1953) reported this ssp. on Chews Ridge and Santa Rita Peak Trifolium microcephalmn Pursh, maiden clover (fig. 3). Stebbins g &. (1963) accepted (Legminosae) this ssp. for Chews Ridge but called all the . violets in the San Benito Mountain region Annual herb, widely scattered in grass- v. quercetormn. I can see no real difference i land. between the Chews Ridge plants and some of the San Benita Mountain plants, although much Trifolium tridentatum Lindl ., tomcat clover of the San Benito Mountain material could be (Legwninosae) . keyed to V. quercetormn. The same plant which Annual herb, scattered in grassland. occurs on small serpentine outcrops on Chews Ridge also occurs on the Pine Ridge serpen- Trifolium varieqatum Nutt., white-tipped tine, Clausen (1964) shifted ssp. mohavensis clover (Legminosae) . from V. aurea to V. purpurea. 2. Ssp. purpurea pine violet. Howitt and Annual herb, scattered in grassland. Howell (1964) listed this diploid (n=6) mon- tane subspecies on Junipero Serra Peak. But Triodanis biflora (R. & P.) Greene, Venus Howitt and Howell (1973) were no longer cer- laoking-glass (Cunpamlaceae) . tain that these plants differed from ssp. Annual herb, unimportant above 1200 m. mohavensis on Chews Ridge. I would support their first view. Stebbins and others (1963) Umbellularia californica (H. & A.) Nutt., did not recognize ssp. purpurea in the Coast California-laurel (Lauraceae) . Ranges south of Lake County. Clausen (1964) Aromatic evergreen tree, widely continued to recognize ssp. purpurea as far south as southern California. Hoover (1970) scattered in the forest and mesic chaparral on the Santa Lucia peaks. Although often reported ssp. purpurea in the southern Santa found in serpentine wet spots in the Coast Lucias . Viola guercetorum Baker & Clausen, oak violet Yucca whipplei Torr., Spanish bayonet (VioZaceae) . (Agavaceae) . Perennial herb, widely scattered in Tall perennial rosette, widely scattered forest openings and savanna but never common. on dry chaparral slopes. The study peaks are A variable population of this tetraploid near the northern limit for this southern (n=12) form of the V. purpurea complex is California species. The summit of Junipero conspicuous in the San Benito Mountain region Serra Peak may be the highest elevation where it is difficult to separate from v. record for the species. Yuccas on the Santa purpurea ssp. mohavensis (Clausen 1964, Lucia peaks appear to be more rhizomatous Stebbins a.1963). than those of the Diablo range, the des- cribed subspecies do not fit the study peak Vulpia bromoides (L.) S. F. Gray, six weeks plants well. fescue (Gramineae) . Zauschneria californica Presl., California Annual grass, scattered in grassland fuchsia (Onagraceae). (Festuca dertonensis [All.] Asch. & Graebn.) (Lonard and Gould 19 74) . INTRODUCED. Perennial herb, widely distributed in a variety of habitats, leaf and flower char- Vulpla m~crostachys(Nutt.) Benth. acters are variable and do not fit the (Gramineae) . described subspecies well. Annual grass, Lonard and Gould (1974) merged all the native annual fescue species Zigadenus frenontii Torr., star-lily with reflexed spikelets into one specxes (LiZiaceae) . complex. The following varieties are minor Perennial herb, locally common in forest grassland plants on the study peaks, there and chaparral at lower elevations but reaches is some geographic separation between the 1200 m only on Pine Ridge. different £om on the peaks, but at the Hastings Reservation all of them occur Ziqadenus venenosus Nats., death camas within a limited area, sometimes in mixed (LiZiaceae) . stands. 1. Var. c~lzata(Beal) Lonard & Gould Perennial herb, local in wet spots. (Festuca eastwoodae Prper, F. gray2 (Abrams) Piper, and F. paclflca Piper). 2. Var. confusa (Piper) Lonard & Gauld (Festuca confusa Piper). 3. Var. pauclflora (Beal) Lonard & Gould (Festuca reflexa Buckley) .

Vulpla myuros (L.) K. C. Gmelin (Grmnineae). Annual grass. (Lonard and Gould 1974). INTRODUCED. 1. Var. h~rsutaHack. One of the most widespread of the annual fescues (Festuca megal ura Nutt .) 2. Var. myuros. Scattered in grassland (Festuca myuros L .) .

Woodwardla fimbrlata Sm., chain fern (BZeehnaceae) . Tall perennxal fern, local in wet spots.

Wyethla helenozdes (DC.) Nutt., gray mule- ears (Compositae) . Perennial herb, scattered in Chews Rldge forest and savanna.