Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave
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The Detectability and Constraints of Biosignature Gasses in the Near & Mid-Infrared from Transit Transmission Spectroscopy B
The Detectability and Constraints of Biosignature Gasses in the Near & Mid-Infrared from Transit Transmission Spectroscopy by Luke Tremblay A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Approved November 2019 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Michael Line, Chair Evgenya Schkolnik Sara Walker ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY December 2019 ABSTRACT The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST ) is expected to revolutionize the cur- rent understanding of Jovian worlds over the coming decade. However, as the field pushes towards characterizing cooler, smaller, \terrestrial-like" planets, dedicated next-generation facilities will be required to tease out the small spectral signatures indicative of biological activity. Here, the feasibility of determining atmospheric prop- erties, from near to mid-infrared transmission spectra, of transiting temperate ter- restrial M-dwarf companions, has been evaluated. Specifically, atmospheric retrievals were utilized to explore the trade space between spectral resolution, wavelength cover- age, and signal-to-noise on the ability to both detect molecular species and constrain their abundances. Increasing spectral resolution beyond R=100 for near-infrared wavelengths, shorter than 5µm, proves to reduce the degeneracy between spectral features of different molecules and thus greatly benefits the abundance constraints. However, this benefit is greatly diminished beyond 5µm as any overlap between broad features in the mid-infrared does not deconvolve with higher resolutions. Additionally, the inclusion of features beyond 11µm did not meaningfully improve the detection sig- nificance nor abundance constraints results. The findings of this study indicate that an instrument with continuous wavelength coverage from approximately 2-11µm and with a resolution of R'50-300, would be capable of detecting H2O, CO2, CH4,O3, and N2O in the atmosphere of an Earth-analog transiting an M-dwarf (magK =8.0) within 50 transits, and obtain better than an order-of-magnitude constraint on each of their abundances. -
Algorithme Embarqué De Navigation Optique Autonome Pour Nanosatellites Interplanétaires Boris Segret
Algorithme embarqué de navigation optique autonome pour nanosatellites interplanétaires Boris Segret To cite this version: Boris Segret. Algorithme embarqué de navigation optique autonome pour nanosatellites interplané- taires. Astrophysique [astro-ph]. Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2019. Français. NNT : 2019PSLEO017. tel-02889414 HAL Id: tel-02889414 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02889414 Submitted on 3 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Préparée à l’Observatoire de Paris Algorithme embarqué de navigation optique autonome pour nanosatellites interplanétaires Soutenue par Composition du jury : Boris SEGRET Marie-Christine ANGONIN Présidente Le 25 septembre 2019 Professeure, Sorbonne Université et SYRTE, l’Observatoire de Paris Véronique DEHANT Rapporteuse Professeure, Observatoire Royal de Belgique o École doctorale n 127 Mathieu BARTHÉLÉMY Rapporteur Maître de Conférence, Institut de Planéto- Astronomie et logie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble Astrophysique d’Ile de France Éric CHAUMETTE Examinateur Professeur, -
An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the Other Galilean Moons of Jupiter
An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the other Galilean Moons of Jupiter P. Wurz1,*, D. Lasi1, N. Thomas1, D. Piazza1, A. Galli1, M. Jutzi1, S. Barabash2, M. Wieser2, W. Magnes3, H. Lammer3, U. Auster4, L.I. Gurvits5,6, and W. Hajdas7 1) Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2) Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 3) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, 4) Institut f. Geophysik u. Extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany, 5) Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Dwingelo, The Netherlands, 6) Department of Astrodynamics and Space Missions, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 7) Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. *) Corresponding author, [email protected], Tel.: +41 31 631 44 26, FAX: +41 31 631 44 05 1 Abstract We present a study of an impacting descent probe that increases the science return of spacecraft orbiting or passing an atmosphere-less planetary bodies of the solar system, such as the Galilean moons of Jupiter. The descent probe is a carry-on small spacecraft (< 100 kg), to be deployed by the mother spacecraft, that brings itself onto a collisional trajectory with the targeted planetary body in a simple manner. A possible science payload includes instruments for surface imaging, characterisation of the neutral exosphere, and magnetic field and plasma measurement near the target body down to very low-altitudes (~1 km), during the probe’s fast (~km/s) descent to the surface until impact. The science goals and the concept of operation are discussed with particular reference to Europa, including options for flying through water plumes and after-impact retrieval of very-low altitude science data. -
EDL – Lessons Learned and Recommendations
."#!(*"# 0 1(%"##" !)"#!(*"#* 0 1"!#"("#"#(-$" ."!##("""*#!#$*#( "" !#!#0 1%"#"! /!##"*!###"#" #"#!$#!##!("""-"!"##&!%%!%&# $!!# %"##"*!%#'##(#!"##"#!$$# /25-!&""$!)# %"##!""*&""#!$#$! !$# $##"##%#(# ! "#"-! *#"!,021 ""# !"$!+031 !" )!%+041 #!( !"!# #$!"+051 # #$! !%#-" $##"!#""#$#$! %"##"#!#(- IPPW Enabled International Collaborations in EDL – Lessons Learned and Recommendations: Ethiraj Venkatapathy1, Chief Technologist, Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA ARC, 2 Ali Gülhan , Department Head, Supersonic and Hypersonic Technologies Department, DLR, Cologne, and Michelle Munk3, Principal Technologist, EDL, Space Technology Mission Directorate, NASA. 1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA [email protected]. 2 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), German Aerospace Center, [email protected] 3 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampron, VA. [email protected] Abstract of the Proposed Talk: One of the goals of IPPW has been to bring about international collaboration. Establishing collaboration, especially in the area of EDL, can present numerous frustrating challenges. IPPW presents opportunities to present advances in various technology areas. It allows for opportunity for general discussion. Evaluating collaboration potential requires open dialogue as to the needs of the parties and what critical capabilities each party possesses. Understanding opportunities for collaboration as well as the rules and regulations that govern collaboration are essential. The authors of this proposed talk have explored and established collaboration in multiple areas of interest to IPPW community. The authors will present examples that illustrate the motivations for the partnership, our common goals, and the unique capabilities of each party. The first example involves earth entry of a large asteroid and break-up. NASA Ames is leading an effort for the agency to assess and estimate the threat posed by large asteroids under the Asteroid Threat Assessment Project (ATAP). -
PDS Mission Interface for Europa Mission Status of Planning for Data Archiving
PDS Mission Interface for Europa Mission Status of Planning for Data Archiving CARTOGRAPHY AND IMAGING SCIENCES (“Imaging”) NODE PDS Lead Node Lisa Gaddis (USGS, Astrogeology) August 2016 Overview Common goals PDS4 Archiving roles, responsibilities EM archiving deliverables Data and Archive Working Group (DAWG) Archiving assignments Archiving activities to date Archiving schedule Current archiving activities Where we are now August 2016 2 Common Goals The PDS and Europa Mission (EM) will work together to ensure that we Organize, document and format EM digital planetary data in a standardized manner Collect complete, well-documented, peer-reviewed planetary data into archives Make planetary data available and useful to the science community ○ Provide online data delivery tools & services Ensure the long-term preservation and usability of the data August 2016 3 PDS4 The new PDS, an integrated data system to improve access ○ Required for all missions (e.g., used by LADEE, MAVEN) A re-architected, modern, online data system ○ Data are organized into bundles Includes all data for a particular instrument (e.g., PDF/A documents) ○ Bundles have collections Grouped files with a similar origin (e.g., Document Collection) Improves efficiency of ingestion and distribution of data ○ Uses Extensible Markup Language (XML) and standard data format templates ○ Self-consistent information model & software system ○ Information for Data Providers https://pds.nasa.gov/pds4/about ○ PDS4 Concepts Document https://pds.nasa.gov/pds4/doc/concepts/Concepts_150909.pdf -
A Comparative Survey on Flight Software Frameworks for 'New Space'
https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v11.1081 ORIGINAL PAPER xx/xx A Comparative Survey on Flight Software Frameworks for ‘New Space’ Nanosatellite Missions Danilo José Franzim Miranda1,2,*, Maurício Ferreira3, Fabricio Kucinskis1, David McComas4 How to cite Miranda DJF https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-1740 Miranda DJF; Ferreira M; Kucinskis F; McComas D (2019) A Ferreira M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-9453 Comparative Survey on Flight Software Frameworks for ‘New Kucinskis F https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6171-761X Space’ Nanosatellite Missions. J Aerosp Technol Manag, 11: e4619. https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v11.1081 McComas D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-5015 ABSTRACT: Nanosatellite missions are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, especially because of their reduced cost. Therefore, many organizations are entering the space sector due to the paradigm shift caused by nanosatellites. Despite the reduced size of these spacecrafts, their Flight Software (FSW) complexity is not proportional to the satellite volume, thus creating a great barrier for the entrance of new players on the nanosatellite market. On the other side, there are some available frameworks that can provide mature FSW design approaches, implying in considerable reduction in software project timeframe and cost. This paper presents a comparative survey between six relevant fl ight software frameworks, compared according to commonly required ‘New Space’ criteria, and fi nally points out the most suitable one to the VCUB1 reference nanosatellite mission. KEYWORDS: Flight Software, On-Board Software, NASA cFS, New Space. INTRODUCTION Flight Soft ware (FSW) is soft ware that runs on a processor embedded in a spacecraft ’s avionics. -
Using the Galileo Solid-State Imaging Instrument As a Sensor of Jovian
Using the Galileo Solid-State Imaging Instrument as a Sensor of Jovian Energetic Electrons Ashley Carlton1, Maria de Soria-Santacruz Pich2, Insoo Jun2, Wousik Kim2, and Kerri Cahoy1 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, USA respectively. For the most part, information about the Jovian I. INTRODUCTION environment comes from the Galileo spacecraft Energetic Harsh radiation in the form of ionized, highly energetic Particle Detector (EPD) [Williams et al., 1992] (in Jovian particles is part of the space environment and can affect orbit from December 1995 to September 2003), which had a spacecraft. These particles not only sweep through the solar nearly equatorial orbit. Juno, a NASA spacecraft that entered system in the solar wind and flares and are ejected from Jovian orbit in July 2016, and Europa Clipper, a NASA galactic and extra-galactic supernovae, but also are trapped as mission planned for the 2020s, do not carry instruments belts in planetary magnetic fields. Jupiter’s magnetosphere is capable of measuring high-energy (>1 MeV) electrons. Juno is the largest and strongest of a planet in the solar system. in a polar orbit; Europa Clipper is planned to be in a highly Similar to Earth, Jupiter is roughly a magnetic dipole with a elliptical Jovian orbit, flying-by Jupiter’s moon, Europa, in tilt of ~11° [Khurana et al., 2004]. Jupiter’s magnetic field each orbit. strength is an order of magnitude larger than Earth, and its We develop a technique to extract the high-energy magnetic moment is roughly 18,000 times larger [Bagenal et electron environment using scientific imager data. -
Biosignatures Search in Habitable Planets
galaxies Review Biosignatures Search in Habitable Planets Riccardo Claudi 1,* and Eleonora Alei 1,2 1 INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio, 5, 35122 Padova, Italy 2 Physics and Astronomy Department, Padova University, 35131 Padova, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 August 2019; Accepted: 25 September 2019; Published: 29 September 2019 Abstract: The search for life has had a new enthusiastic restart in the last two decades thanks to the large number of new worlds discovered. The about 4100 exoplanets found so far, show a large diversity of planets, from hot giants to rocky planets orbiting small and cold stars. Most of them are very different from those of the Solar System and one of the striking case is that of the super-Earths, rocky planets with masses ranging between 1 and 10 M⊕ with dimensions up to twice those of Earth. In the right environment, these planets could be the cradle of alien life that could modify the chemical composition of their atmospheres. So, the search for life signatures requires as the first step the knowledge of planet atmospheres, the main objective of future exoplanetary space explorations. Indeed, the quest for the determination of the chemical composition of those planetary atmospheres rises also more general interest than that given by the mere directory of the atmospheric compounds. It opens out to the more general speculation on what such detection might tell us about the presence of life on those planets. As, for now, we have only one example of life in the universe, we are bound to study terrestrial organisms to assess possibilities of life on other planets and guide our search for possible extinct or extant life on other planetary bodies. -
Europa Clipper Mission: Preliminary Design Report
Europa Clipper Mission: Preliminary Design Report Todd Bayer, Molly Bittner, Brent Buffington, Karen Kirby, Nori Laslo Gregory Dubos, Eric Ferguson, Ian Harris, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Maddalena Jackson, Gene Lee, Kari Lewis, Jason Laboratory 11100 Johns Hopkins Road Laurel, Kastner, Ron Morillo, Ramiro Perez, Mana MD 20723-6099 Salami, Joel Signorelli, Oleg Sindiy, Brett Smith, [email protected] Melissa Soriano Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena, CA 91109 818-354-4605 [email protected] Abstract—Europa, the fourth largest moon of Jupiter, is 1. INTRODUCTION believed to be one of the best places in the solar system to look for extant life beyond Earth. Exploring Europa to investigate its Europa’s subsurface ocean is a particularly intriguing target habitability is the goal of the Europa Clipper mission. for scientific exploration and the hunt for life beyond Earth. The 2011 Planetary Decadal Survey, Vision and Voyages, The Europa Clipper mission envisions sending a flight system, states: “Because of this ocean’s potential suitability for life, consisting of a spacecraft equipped with a payload of NASA- Europa is one of the most important targets in all of planetary selected scientific instruments, to execute numerous flybys of Europa while in Jupiter orbit. A key challenge is that the flight science” [1]. Investigation of Europa’s habitability is system must survive and operate in the intense Jovian radiation intimately tied to understanding the three “ingredients” for environment, which is especially harsh at Europa. life: liquid water, chemistry, and energy. The Europa Clipper mission would investigate these ingredients by The spacecraft is planned for launch no earlier than June 2023, comprehensively exploring Europa’s ice shell and liquid from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA, on a NASA supplied ocean interface, surface geology and surface composition to launch vehicle. -
The Pancam Instrument for the Exomars Rover
ASTROBIOLOGY ExoMars Rover Mission Volume 17, Numbers 6 and 7, 2017 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1548 The PanCam Instrument for the ExoMars Rover A.J. Coates,1,2 R. Jaumann,3 A.D. Griffiths,1,2 C.E. Leff,1,2 N. Schmitz,3 J.-L. Josset,4 G. Paar,5 M. Gunn,6 E. Hauber,3 C.R. Cousins,7 R.E. Cross,6 P. Grindrod,2,8 J.C. Bridges,9 M. Balme,10 S. Gupta,11 I.A. Crawford,2,8 P. Irwin,12 R. Stabbins,1,2 D. Tirsch,3 J.L. Vago,13 T. Theodorou,1,2 M. Caballo-Perucha,5 G.R. Osinski,14 and the PanCam Team Abstract The scientific objectives of the ExoMars rover are designed to answer several key questions in the search for life on Mars. In particular, the unique subsurface drill will address some of these, such as the possible existence and stability of subsurface organics. PanCam will establish the surface geological and morphological context for the mission, working in collaboration with other context instruments. Here, we describe the PanCam scientific objectives in geology, atmospheric science, and 3-D vision. We discuss the design of PanCam, which includes a stereo pair of Wide Angle Cameras (WACs), each of which has an 11-position filter wheel and a High Resolution Camera (HRC) for high-resolution investigations of rock texture at a distance. The cameras and electronics are housed in an optical bench that provides the mechanical interface to the rover mast and a planetary protection barrier. -
March 21–25, 2016
FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk, -
18Th EANA Conference European Astrobiology Network Association
18th EANA Conference European Astrobiology Network Association Abstract book 24-28 September 2018 Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Sponsors: Detectability of biosignatures in martian sedimentary systems A. H. Stevens1, A. McDonald2, and C. S. Cockell1 (1) UK Centre for Astrobiology, University of Edinburgh, UK ([email protected]) (2) Bioimaging Facility, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, UK Presentation: Tuesday 12:45-13:00 Session: Traces of life, biosignatures, life detection Abstract: Some of the most promising potential sampling sites for astrobiology are the numerous sedimentary areas on Mars such as those explored by MSL. As sedimentary systems have a high relative likelihood to have been habitable in the past and are known on Earth to preserve biosignatures well, the remains of martian sedimentary systems are an attractive target for exploration, for example by sample return caching rovers [1]. To learn how best to look for evidence of life in these environments, we must carefully understand their context. While recent measurements have raised the upper limit for organic carbon measured in martian sediments [2], our exploration to date shows no evidence for a terrestrial-like biosphere on Mars. We used an analogue of a martian mudstone (Y-Mars[3]) to investigate how best to look for biosignatures in martian sedimentary environments. The mudstone was inoculated with a relevant microbial community and cultured over several months under martian conditions to select for the most Mars-relevant microbes. We sequenced the microbial community over a number of transfers to try and understand what types microbes might be expected to exist in these environments and assess whether they might leave behind any specific biosignatures.